CDA A#2 Group#6

Group # 6
Roll no 19011517-026, -042, 036, 031, 028
Course code TRAN-313
Course Name Critical Discourse Analysis
Assignment Topic What is Left of Ethnolinguistic Identities
Submitted to Ms Kanwal Zahra
Department CeLTS
What is left of Ethonolinguistic (Ch#08)I((
Ethnolinguistics identity
What’s Identity:
It is derived from medieval Latin, identitas, which means “sameness.”
A thing or an entity has identity because of having certain criteria that continue through time
Identity is who and what you are. That sounds simple and straight- forward, and in everyday life,
we find ourselves continually involved in identity rituals. Dating or developing friendships
involve intricate narratives about one’s self and requests for such narratives from the
interlocutor’s, ,a matter of ‘getting to know one another’.
In highly bureaucratised societies we have to flash our identity every time we enter into contact
with administrative bodies, and in the job market, a written genre called the CV together with
several other modes of talking about one’s self play a crucial role. When we go to watch a sports
game, we are likely to shift into another identity gear and wear caps, T-shirts, and banners with
‘our’ team’s logo or colours. On the day of our country’s independence or of our king’s birthday,
we get the day off because we are citizens of that country. And when abroad, we discover
ourselves talking a lot about that country, living up to its stereotypes, defending its values and
virtues, and in return receiving flak because of the mistakes it made or makes.
What’s the left ethnolinguistics identity?
Few concepts appear as stable, uncontroversial, and intuitively correct as that of ethnolinguistic
identity ,an identity expressed through belonging to a particular language community and
articulated in statements such as ;
An example of ethnic identity is person whose parents immigrated from Vietnam identifying as
Asian American. Another example of ethnic identity is a black person identifying as African
American. These are personal identities based on ethnic background.
Ethnolinguistic identity refers to a subjective feeling of belonging or affiliation with a social
group that is defined in terms of a common ethnic ancestry and a common language variety.
An ethnolinguistic group (or ethnolinguistics group) is a group that is unified by both a common
ethnicity and language. Most ethnic groups share a first language. However, the term is often
used to emphasise that language is a major basis for the ethnic group, especially with regards to
its neighbours.
Language plays a crucial role in the construction and maintenance of ethnic identity. The
ethnicity has a more striking relationship to language than other social factors such as gender,
age, or social class.
Technically, ethnolinguistic identity is a complex notion covering both linguistic and ‘ethnic’
features. An ethnolinguistic identity would emerge at the confluence of a sense of belonging to a
language community (‘speakers of X’) and a sense of belonging to an ‘ethnic’ community.
Ethnolinguistic identity theory posits that people use communication accommodation strategies,
including verbal and nonverbal convergence to or divergence from their communication partner
in order to emphasise affiliation or disaffiliation, respectively. These microlevel intergroup
interactions have implications for large-scale, macro-level language maintenance and shift.
Related models emphasise the role of ethnolinguistic identity in the acquisition of
communicative competence in new languages and the process of acculturation of ethnolinguistic
groups. Recent conceptualisations of bicultural and situated identities suggest future directions
for research by drawing on developmental, socio-cognitive, and cultural psychology, as well as
the psychology of language learning.
 Labov’s demonstration of grammar, structure, and coherence in the speech of

young African- Americans amounted to a frontal attack against easy, uniformising,
and homogeneistic associations between ‘being American’ and ‘speaking (standard,
middle-class) American English’, showing how a part of the American ‘nation’ spoke
a different language, not a bad variety of the same language.
 Dell Hymes (1968) demonstrated that the concept of ‘tribe’ ,perhaps one of the most
dominant notions of human community in the history of Western thought, and almost
always tied up with ideas of ethnolinguistic homogeneity was fraught with linguistic.
Michael silverstein
Michael Silverstein 12 September 1945 – 17 July 2020 was an American linguist. He was
Professor of anthropology, linguistics, and psychology at the University of Chicago. He was a
theoretician of semiotics and linguistic anthropology. Over the course of his career he created an
original synthesis of research on the semiotics of communication, the sociology of
interaction, Russian formalist literary theory, linguistic pragmatics, sociolinguistics,
early anthropological linguistics and structuralist grammatical theory, together with his own
theoretical contributions, yielding a comprehensive account of the semiotics of human
communication and its relation to culture.
Ethnolinguistic identity
Ethnolinguistic is basically a study of the relations between linguistic and nonlinguistic cultural
behavior. Ethnolinguistic identity refers to a subjective feeling of belonging or affiliation with a
social group that is defined in terms of a common ethnic ancestry and a common language
variety.
Language community and speech community
The language community is a social group, generally a primary reference group, the
members of which are, by degrees, oriented to a denotational norm, however much within its
compass they recognize situated variation. The speech community involves norms of
indexicality, the interpretability of in the case of language verbal behavior in relation to
expectations of appropriateness to and effectiveness in dynamic real time contexts especially the
who to whom “about what-or-whom” matters of identity that differentiate social contexts. In the
speech community, semantically speaking, it is indexicality not only all the way down but all the
way up in sociological scale, all the way out into network-framing social spaces of actualized
and potential inter discursively etc.
Difference between speech and language
Speech is the sound of spoken language and includes the formation of a sound, the nature of the
sound quality and the rhythm and flow of the sound.
Language is the words we use and how we use them to share ideas and get what we want. What
a word means, how to combine words into a sentence, and how to use words are components of
the language of a community.
Three Main Factors
Three main Factors can be seen of it.

The State is a switchboard between various scales.
The state organises a particular space to establish a regime of language.
It has the capacity to impose it’s authority on others.
First Factor: In Particular, it is the actor that organises A dynamic between the world system
and its locality . It often orients Transnational Centering institutions. It often also orients to
transnational Models of language and language uses ; literacy , the relative value of local
language versus world languages and so forth.
2nd Factor:This factor is closely related to the first factor .The state organises a particular space
to establish a regime of language. The state is One of the main organizers of Possible
sociolinguistics contrast within A particular space. It allows others to create Differences
between their norms and those that are valid nationally .And state is very often The actor that use
language in the Sense of “language name” As it’s central value.
3rd factor:An effective state can Contribute a materiality to it’s role As a centering institution
And impose it’s authority on others.The state has the capacity to Provide an infrastructure for the
Reproduction of particular regime Of language; An education system, media And culture
industries .The state has the Capacity to exert substantial control over two dynamics of access;
Access to symbolic resources and access to Spaces of interpretation and value-attribution. The
state has Coercive Instruments usually Exclusive to the state; the legal system and the law
enforcement system . So The state is often a determining Force in the sociolinguistics Landscape,
in contrast To other centering Institutions whose effects can be Described as dominant
Error:
One error consists in equalling `state` with `nation-state`. Able how often authors use the
collocation `nation-state` as a blanket Descriptor for what they believe is the common, default
form of state- Every modern state is consequently supposed to Be a nation-state; if not, it is
atypical. But what is a `nation-state`? It is a state characterised by successful nationalism, i. e.
by the out- Come of an elaborate political process of forging a uniform, `modern` Nation. In
other words, a nation-state is a specific, a very specific kind Features I shall discuss below; a
nation-state is one particular form globalisation have an eroding effect on nationalism in the
`classical` be kept under control by the state. Speaking for myself: the Flemish where language
(in my case Dutch) is seen as defining every aspect The country has the most elaborate language
laws assigned to my students are in languages other than Dutch, notably My own academic
writing is a trilingual affair, with Dutch, English, and French as my languages of publication.
Flanders would probably qualify as a `nation-state`, yet we see of globalisation, and no state can
nowadays impose with political or of the `modern` nation.
So the nation-state may be on its way out. that the state is on its way out in the era of
globalisation. by inter-state relations. States need not be completely `sovereign` in the used by
the state itself), they are interconnected within the world sys- from transnational as well as from
intra-national developments.
Sovereignty in favour of task-sharing interstate organizations such as the EU or the UN, this
does not mean the end of such states. very well be the case that much of what we identify as
`nationalism` in The state is now inserted in a wider and more complex pattern of power and
decision-making, and it has to share several.

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Group # 6

Roll no 19011517-026, -042, 036, 031, 028

Course code TRAN-313

Course Name Critical Discourse Analysis

Assignment Topic What is Left of Ethnolinguistic Identities

Submitted to Ms Kanwal Zahra

 Labov’s demonstration of grammar, structure, and coherence in the speech of

Three Main Factors

Three main Factors can be seen of it.

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