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Graphical Presentation of Data

The document provides examples and descriptions of 5 types of graphs: 1) Bar graphs compare data categories using bars of varying lengths 2) Histograms group data points into user-specified ranges shown as columns on a graph 3) Frequency polygons depict data distributions by joining midpoints of histogram bins with lines 4) Ogives are similar to histograms but show cumulative frequencies on the y-axis from left to right 5) Pie charts display categorical data proportions as slices of a whole circle.

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Arjay Valdemor
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48 views4 pages

Graphical Presentation of Data

The document provides examples and descriptions of 5 types of graphs: 1) Bar graphs compare data categories using bars of varying lengths 2) Histograms group data points into user-specified ranges shown as columns on a graph 3) Frequency polygons depict data distributions by joining midpoints of histogram bins with lines 4) Ogives are similar to histograms but show cumulative frequencies on the y-axis from left to right 5) Pie charts display categorical data proportions as slices of a whole circle.

Uploaded by

Arjay Valdemor
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Valdemor, Arjay D.

March 03, 2022


BSCE II GA Engr. Jamaica C. Saliendra

Assignment in Engineering Data Analysis. Give an example and description of each type of
graphs: bar graph, histogram, frequency polygon, ogive and pie chart.

1. Bar Graph
✓ Also known as a bar chart or bar diagram, is a visual tool that uses bars to compare
data among categories. A bar graph may run horizontally or vertically. The
important thing to know is that the longer the bar, the greater its value.
✓ A bar diagram makes it easy to compare sets of data between different groups at a
glance.
✓ The graph represents categories on one axis and a discrete value in the other. The
goal is to show the relationship between the two axes.
✓ Bar charts can also show big changes in data over time.

2. Histogram
✓ A histogram is a graphical representation that organizes a group of data points into
user-specified ranges. Similar in appearance to a bar graph, the histogram
condenses a data series into an easily interpreted visual by taking many data points
and grouping them into logical ranges or bins.
✓ A histogram is a bar graph-like representation of data that buckets a range of
outcomes into columns along the x-axis.
✓ The y-axis represents the number count or percentage of occurrences in the data for
each column and can be used to visualize data distributions.

Distribution of salaries of the employees of Facebook

3. Frequency Polygon
✓ A graphical form of representation of data. It is used to depict the shape of the data
and to depict trends. It is usually drawn with the help of a histogram but can be
drawn without it as well.
✓ A graph constructed by using lines to join the midpoints of each interval, or bin.
The heights of the points represent the frequencies.
✓ A frequency polygon can be created from the histogram or by calculating the
midpoints of the bins from the frequency distribution table. The midpoint of a bin
is calculated by adding the upper and lower boundary values of the bin and dividing
the sum by 2.
4. Ogive
✓ An ogive (oh-jive), sometimes called a cumulative frequency polygon, is a type of
frequency polygon that shows cumulative frequencies. In other words, the
cumulative percents are added on the graph from left to right.
✓ An ogive graph plots cumulative frequency on the y-axis and class boundaries
along the x-axis. It’s very similar to a histogram, only instead of rectangles, an
ogive has a single point marking where the top right of the rectangle would be. It is
usually easier to create this kind of graph from a frequency table.
5. Pie Chart
✓ A Pie Chart is a type of graph that displays data in a circular graph. The pieces of
the graph are proportional to the fraction of the whole in each category. In other
words, each slice of the pie is relative to the size of that category in the group as a
whole. The entire “pie” represents 100 percent of a whole, while the pie “slices”
represent portions of the whole.
✓ The main use of a pie chart is to show comparison.

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