Unit 2
Unit 2
Unit 2
PROPERTY, THERMODYNAMIC EQULIBRIUM, STATE, PROCESS, CYCLIC PROCESS, QUASI-STATIC PROCESS AND NON QUASI-STATIC PROCESS
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INRODUCTION
In thermodynamic analysis of system, the work/heat interactions are quantified by finding the
change in some of the characteristics of the system.
To make it clear, consider the arrangement shown in Fig. 2.1. The work done by an engine on
the water pump is quantified by increase in water/system pressure from P 1 to P2.
Fig. 2.1.
2.1. PROPERTY
It is the relevant measureable characteristics of a system that can be used to define the system.
For example: pressure, temperature, volume etc.
These can further be classified as intensive and extensive properties.
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V. M. KORDE
(Department of Mechanical Engineering, YCCE) Page 1 of 7
LESSON - 2
PROPERTY, THERMODYNAMIC EQULIBRIUM, STATE, PROCESS, CYCLIC PROCESS, QUASI-STATIC PROCESS AND NON QUASI-STATIC PROCESS
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where, Ø is a property.
So, the change in pressure and volume, during change of state from 1 to 2, are given as
Fig. 2.6. A process between states 1 and 2 and the process path.
2.6. PATH
It represents a series of intermediate states through which a system passes during a process is
called the path of the process.
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V. M. KORDE
(Department of Mechanical Engineering, YCCE) Page 5 of 7
LESSON - 2
PROPERTY, THERMODYNAMIC EQULIBRIUM, STATE, PROCESS, CYCLIC PROCESS, QUASI-STATIC PROCESS AND NON QUASI-STATIC PROCESS
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Cyclic processes completed by two and four processes are shown in Fig. 2.7(a) & Fig. 2.7(b),
respectively.
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V. M. KORDE
(Department of Mechanical Engineering, YCCE) Page 6 of 7
LESSON - 2
PROPERTY, THERMODYNAMIC EQULIBRIUM, STATE, PROCESS, CYCLIC PROCESS, QUASI-STATIC PROCESS AND NON QUASI-STATIC PROCESS
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Example: Slow compression process is the example of quasi-static process (Fig. 2.8). In slow
compression process, the equilibrium is attained at any intermediate state and we are able to
characterize the entire system by a single state at every intermediate state. Therefore, the
intermediate states for the whole system can be determined and process path can be drawn on
the thermodynamic plane.
Example: Fast compression process is an example for Non quasi-static process (Fig. 2.9). In fast
compression process, the equilibrium is not attained at any intermediate state and we are not
able to characterize the entire system by a single state at intermediate states (As shown in Fig.
2.9, at intermediate states ‘a’ there is variation of temperature in the system so we cannot
characterize the whole system by a single state). Therefore, the intermediate states for system
for process 1-2 cannot be determined and the process path cannot be drawn on
thermodynamic plane.