YOUTH LEADERSHIP Leadership has nothing to do with titles.

Part 1 (Session 1) Leadership has nothing to do with personal

attributes.
YOUTH AS LEADERS
Leadership isn’t management.
Young people should be supported to
participate in decision-making at all levels of HOW SOME OF THE MOST RESPECTED
management, governance, and service delivery. BUSINESS THINKERS OF OUR TIME DEFINE
We should advocate for and with them, tackling LEADERSHIP.
emerging humanitarian and development issues
Peter Drucker: "The only definition of a leader is
together. And we should prioritize and invest in
someone who has followers."
personal and professional development for
young people in current and future leadership Warren Bennis: "Leadership is the capacity to
roles. translate vision into realityhaha.”
THE MYTHS OF LEADERSHIP Bill Gates: "As we look ahead into the next
century, leaders will be those who empower
1. Leadership is a rare skill.
others."
2. Leaders are born, not made.
John Maxwell: "Leadership is influence - nothing
3. Leaders are charismatic. more, nothing less."
4. Leadership exists only at the top of an THE FOUR CORE THEORY GROUPS
organization.
1. Trait Theories – What Type of Person Makes
5. Leader’s control, direct, prod, and a Good Leader?
manipulate.
2. Behavioral Theories – What Does a Good
LEADERSHIP is the ability of an individual or a Leader Do?
group of individuals to influence and guide
3. Contingency Theories – How Does the
followers or other members of an organization.
Situation Influence Good Leadership?
a process of social influence, which
4. Power and Influence Theories – What Is the
maximizes the efforts of others, towards the
Source of the Leader's Power?
achievement of a goal.
LEADERSHIP MODEL is a theoretical
involves making sound -- and sometimes
framework for how best to manage employees.
difficult -- decisions, creating and articulating a
It typically suggests a corresponding response
clear vision, establishing achievable goals, and
style to an employee and organizational needs
providing followers with the knowledge and tools
that has proven useful in that model.
necessary to achieve those goals.
12 TYPES OF LEADERSHIP MODELS
LEADERSHIP THEORIES
Transformational - inspire change and
are the explanations of how and why certain
innovation
people become leaders. They focus on the traits
and behaviors that people can adopt to increase Transactional - complete tasks for rewards
their leadership capabilities.
Servant - sacrifice self to lift others.
WHAT LEADERSHIP IS NOT...
Autocratic - provide clear expectations.
Leadership has nothing to do with seniority or
one’s position in the hierarchy of a company. Democratic - participate and offer guidance
Laissez-faire - offer little or no guidance. and use rewards and discipline to hold followers
accountable for their moral conduct.
Bureaucratic - do everything by the book
ETHICAL LEADERSHIP
Charismatic - motivate through charm & vision
is leadership centered around
Pacesetting - do as I do for results
appropriate conduct through respect for ethics
Ethical - use respect & justice as your guides and values, as well as the rights and dignity of
others. The concepts of honesty, integrity, trust,
Affiliative - lead with compassion first and fairness are all critical to ethical leadership.
Coaching - focus on one-to-one mentorship. should demonstrate ethical and
PART 2 (SESSION 2) appropriate behavior in every facet of their life
over time, even when their behavior is not
Ethical, Moral, Values, Spiritual, Servant, necessarily observable by their employees.
and Legacy Leadership Maintaining your integrity is of paramount
Spirituality and Ethical Leadership: importance to the leadership.

MORAL PERSONS AND MORAL MANAGERS PRINCIPLES OF ETHICAL LEADERSHIP

Spirituality equips leaders to act as both 1. Honesty

moral persons and as moral managers through 2. Justice
providing a sense of mission and meaning;
focusing attention on the needs of others, 3. Respect
fostering humility, integrity, and justice; 4. Community
highlighting universal moral principles, and
generating feelings of hope and joy. 5. Integrity

Leaders nurture their personal spiritual MORAL LEADERSHIP is defined as “a leader’s

development by discovering their vocations at behavior that demonstrates superior virtues,
the same time they engage in self-reflective self-discipline, and unselfishness”. It entails
practices and serve others. Organizations “setting an example for others about the
encourage the development of spiritually rightness or wrongness of particular actions”,
sensitive, Ethical Leaders by creating a and exemplifies the exercise of integrity and
compelling vision, fostering intrinsic motivation, fulfilling obligations, never taking advantage of
promoting shared spiritual values, and making others, and serving as a selfless paragon.
space for the spirit.
model personal integrity and they teach
Ethical Leaders act as moral persons, and inspire others to develop their own moral
behaving ethically as they carry out their character. Moral leaders are skilled at self-
leadership roles. They treat employees fairly management and emotional intelligence -- the
and express care and concern for followers. ability to read and respond compassionately to
They live up to the values they espouse and are the cues of others. Moral leadership is not
perceived as open and honest. necessarily connected to position or status, as
anyone can become a moral leader. Yet a moral
Ethical Leaders act as moral managers leader must have a vision.
who actively promote ethical conduct in
followers. They serve as role models who focus CHARACTERISTICS OF MORAL
the organization's attention on ethics. Ethical LEADERSHIP
Leaders communicate frequently about the
1.EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE
importance of ethics, outline clear standards,
2. INTEGRITY Legacy Leaders are not only memorable
and lasting leaders themselves but leaders who
3. DRIVEN BY VALUES
build other leaders. This leadership approach is
MORAL LEADERSHIP EXAMPLES not about leaving a legacy, but rather living a
legacy. This legacy in leadership actively grows
Moral leaders have a strong sense of self the leaders of tomorrow. Legacy in leadership is
and are open-minded individuals who are willing not about leaving something behind. It is about
to listen and consider diverse perspectives. influencing others enough to cause change, a
Rarely do they impose their own opinions on shift from unconsciously doing leadership to
their team members. Few examples of moral consciously being a leader and living your
leadership: legacy now.
1. Communicating standards PART 3 (SESSION 2)
2. Displaying courage Decision-Making Process and Styles
3. Avoiding bias WHAT IS DECISION-MAKING?
4. Promoting transparency Decision-making is a leadership skill that
VALUES LEADERSHIP managers use to assess a situation and
determine how the organization may proceed.
The importance of a leader with values
THE DECISION-MAKING PROCESS
Because your values determine how you INVOLVES THE FOLLOWING STEPS:
execute leadership, the team environment you
create, and the success of your company. The 1. Identifying the challenge: In this step, the
values you display as a leader will permeate manager discovers an issue and determines the
your entire organization and affect its circumstances that led to the situation.
performance. 2. Devising solutions: After learning more
Leaders who adhere to their values earn information about the case, the manager
respect and commitment from their teams. creates one or several possible solutions.
Value-driven leadership can inspire others not 3. Weighing options: The manager analyzes the
just to follow them but to adopt those values as advantages and disadvantages of each option
their own. and explores alternative solutions if needed.
SERVANT LEADERSHIP 4. Making a choice: Once a thorough
The conscious choice to lead comes after assessment takes place, the manager makes a
the desire to serve. Servant-first to make sure final decision about what action to take.
that others’ highest priority needs are being 5. Informing others of the decision: The
served. Servant-leaders emphasize the manager informs employees of the decision and
development and elevation of followers. Servant explains how the decision influences the
leaders focus on the followers there is a focus workplace.
on performance but it is follower-driven rather
than leader-driven. IMPORTANCE OF DECISION MAKING

Servant leaders are characterized by 1. Our decisions affect people.

moral love for others, humility, altruism, trust,
2. The decisions we make demonstrate our
and a commitment to the leader.
values.
LEGACY LEADERSHIP
3. Our decisions will set an example for those What makes a Filipino leader?
who follow us.
What do Pinoys want in a leader?
4. It demonstrates a desire to lead.
1. A leader who is person-focused and group-
5. Not deciding is a decision. centered, but also knowledgeable on the job.
Four decision-making styles: Employees want a leader who is “makatao” –
someone who is easy to talk to, listens with
1. Directive
understanding and compassion, and cares
2. Analytical about the employees’ professional and personal
welfare.
3. Conceptual
4. Behavioral
2. A leader who has the “kakayahang mamuno”
PART 4 (Session 4) or the competence to lead is partnered with
FILIPINO LEADERSHIP AND PINOY mentoring skills. This is not just about having the
MANAGEMENT technical know-how but also the capacity to
share knowledge and skills that will move
ENTREPRENEURIAL LEADERSHIP AND employees toward personal and professional
YOUTH ENTREPRENEURSHIP growth.
FILIPINO LEADERSHIP 3. A boss who is perceived as “moody, critical,
Franco (1982), in his study, identified the and demanding” can be destructive and
different Pinoy management styles that are ineffectual for the organization and the team.
distinctly Filipino. Subordinates have the tendency to merely
1. Management-by-Kayod and the Realist follow this type of leader because of his or her
Manager. position, but will do so with anger and detest.
2. Management-by-Libro and the Idealist Implications for Leaders
Manager.
3. Management-by-Lusot and the Opportunist 1. Leaders in the Philippines need to take time
Manager. to engage in positive interactions with their
4. Management-by-Suyod and the Reconsider subordinates. Constant leader-follower
Manager. interaction produces affection, professional
respect, and loyalty to the boss. The better the
Comparison Between American Management quality of the relationship between leader and
System to The Pinoy Management System employee, the greater their willingness to go
American Pinoy beyond the call of duty and engage in behaviors
Management Management that will promote the welfare of the organization.
Creative function Pakulo Employees who have good relationships with
Planning function Bahala na their bosses are more willing to help peers and
Organizing function Bata-bata style tend to stay longer with the company.
Motivating function Alalay or warning
2. It is important for leaders to know how they
Decision-making Utos ng boss or utos
function ng misis are perceived by their team and exert effort to
Communication Pakiusap or mando develop characteristics that enhance positive
function working relationships with their followers. They
Controlling function Sipa or bonus need to keep in mind that a leader who is
competent and willing to mentor, is
approachable and empathetically listens, and is
not bossy and arrogant brings out the best in the 3. Entrepreneurial leaders innovate.
Pinoy employee.
4. Entrepreneurial leaders can centralize
ENTREPRENEURIAL LEADERSHIP is a responsibility.
mindset that focuses organizations on turning
5. Entrepreneurial leaders succeed in uncertain
problems into opportunities that create
environments.
economic and social value.
6. Entrepreneurial leaders set ambitious goals.
Entrepreneurial leadership is a mindset that
emphasizes the strategic management of risk
and dynamic, changing systems.
Entrepreneurial leaders look for new
opportunities and ways to innovate as Eight Successful Filipino Entrepreneurs Who
individuals and as part of a team. These Started Small
qualities often contrast with traditional
leadership methodologies that emphasize SOURCE:
following processes and procedures in an https://business.inquirer.net/273445/eight-
orderly, predictable way in order to minimize successful-filipino-entrepreneurs-who-started-
risk. small
13 common characteristics of entrepreneurial What is Youth Entrepreneurship
leaders:
1. Entrepreneurial activity that is encompassed
1. Effective communication by young people, typically aged between 15 and
2. Confidence 24 years old.

3. Self-efficacy 2. Practical application of enterprising qualities,

such as initiative, innovation, creativity, and risk-
4. Collaboration taking into the work environment (either in self-
5. Growth mindset employment or employment in small start-up
firms).
6. Determination
3. Is a process whereby creative and innovative
7. Optimism ideas are transformed into enterprises initiated
and managed by young people with the primary
8. Curiosity
purpose of addressing their socioeconomic
9. Risk awareness challenges such as poverty and unemployment.
10. Comfort with ambiguity
11. Ownership The Challenges and Success Drivers of Young
Entrepreneurs.
12. Initiative
The entrepreneurial experience acquired from
13. Persuasiveness
the academic preparation of young
BENEFITS OF ENTREPRENEURIAL entrepreneurs today greatly helped them in their
LEADERSHIP actual business practice. The lack of
knowledge/ experience about starting a
1. Entrepreneurial leaders can adapt quickly to business did not surface already during the
dynamic circumstances. actual business practice.
2. Entrepreneurial leaders can drive industry
change.
However, despite the existence of such present 1. Time management
challenges, young entrepreneurs continue to
2. Information management
strive in order to be successful in their
respective businesses while upholding ethical 3. Ability to make decisions
practices primarily founded upon by honesty
and integrity in delivering quality products and 4. Ability to cope with uncertainty
services. They also believe, in general, that 5. Ability to cope with complexity
success is not greatly dependent on any
fortune, talent, experience or academic 6. Ability to identify one’s capacities
excellence but rather a product of hard work and 7. Ability to focus
commitment.
8. Ability to critically reflect
PART 5 (SESSION 5)
9. Ability to work autonomously
Socio-Civic, Personal, Social, and Citizenship
Competences 10. Ability to express your own viewpoint
Youth Civic Engagement and Youth Leadership
11. Dedication to reflect upon yourself
Role of Youth in Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management 12. Integrity

Priority Areas of the UN Youth Strategy 2030 13. Management of stress

Examples of Socio-Civic Organizations with Social Competences are related with social
Youth Programs interaction and interpersonal communication.

o Boys Scout of the Philippines 1. Constructive collaboration with others

o Girl Scout of the Philippines 2. Interpersonal relations

o Habitat For Humanity 3. Understanding the codes of conduct
generally accepted in different societies and
o Red Cross Youth environments
o SK Federations 4. Understanding the rules of communication
Social and civic competences generally accepted in different societies and
environments
Includes personal, interpersonal, and
intercultural competence and cover all forms of 5. Empathy
behavior that equip individuals to participate in 6. Understanding different viewpoints Social
an effective and constructive way in social and Competences
working life, and particularly in increasingly
diverse societies, and to resolve conflicts where 7. Showing tolerance
necessary. Civic competence equips individuals
8. Ability to negotiate
to fully participate in civic life, based on
knowledge of social and political concepts and 9. Ability to manage conflicts
structures and a commitment to active and
10. Ability to collaborate in teams
democratic participation.
11. Creating confidence
Personal Competences are related to the
enhancement of own’s capacities and limits. 12. Attitude of collaboration
They contribute to the correct management of
tasks and the accomplishment of goals. 13. Assertiveness
14. Being prepared to compromise 5. Readiness to take responsibility for the
environment
Learning to Learn Competences are those
advantages that help facing challenges B) Participation: collective actions aimed at
concerning decisions about their present and contributing to the promotion of social values
future career opportunities.
1. Engagement with others in common or public
1. Identifying your competence development interest
needs
2. Skills to develop constructive participation in
2. Identifying ways to develop competences community activities
3. Identifying ways to search for education, 3. Ability to access, have a critical
training and career opportunities understanding of, and interact with traditional
forms of media
4. Ability to organize and persevere with one’s
4. Ability to access, have a critical
5. Ability to learn collaboratively
understanding of, and interact with new forms of
6. Ability to learn autonomously media

7. Ability to identify and set goals 5. Willingness to participate in democratic

decision-making at all levels and civic activities
8. Ability to motivate yourself
C) Awareness: showing interest and
9. Establishing a problem-solving attitude understanding citizenship- related frameworks
10. Ability to handle obstacles and phenomena

11. Ability to change and adapt to changes 1. Knowledge of basic concepts and
phenomena relating to individuals, groups, work
12. Curiosity to look for opportunities to learn organizations, society, economy and culture
and develop in a variety of life contexts
2. Awareness of the aims, values and policies of
Citizenship Competences have been divided political and social movements
into responsibility, awareness and participation
aspects. These competences encompass key 3. Awareness of climate change at the global
knowledge, skills and attitudes for the level and their underlying causes
development of values in the framework of an 4. Awareness of demographic change at the
active citizenship. The outcomes of the learned global level and their underlying causes
individual and collective actions are bound to
sustainability improvement, democracy 5. Knowledge of European integration
reinforcement and a better coexistence within
6. Understanding of the multi-cultural and
communities.
socioeconomic dimensions of European
A) Responsibility: personal actions aimed at societies
contributing to the promotion of social values
7. Understand the role and functions of media in
1. Active support for gender equality democratic societies

2. Support for sustainable lifestyles 8. Critical thinking

3. Promotion of culture of peace and non- 9. Interest in political developments

violence
10. Interest in socioeconomic developments
4. Readiness to respect the privacy of others
11. Interest in humanities
Youth Civic Engagement communities weather economic downturns and
lead to lower unemployment rates.
Youth civic engagement is defined as working to
make a difference in the civic life of one’s 3. For Youth. Youth engagement can lead to
community. It also involves developing the increased academic performance and improved
combination of knowledge, skills, values, and social-emotional well-being. It helps young
motivation to make that difference. These people build skills and networks that are valued
activities enrich the lives of youths and are in the workplace, and can thus be a source of
socially beneficial to the community economic mobility. When youth feel empowered
to take action, and when they see their efforts
Civic engagement involves “working to make a
achieve positive change, it can have a profound
difference in the civic life of one’s community
and lasting impact.
and developing the combination of knowledge,
skills, values and motivation to make that 4. For Equity. There are troubling opportunity
difference. It means promoting the quality of life gaps and inequities—by race, gender,
in a community, through both political and non- education, socioeconomic status, and many
political processes.” Civic engagement includes other factors—that prevent individuals and
both paid and unpaid forms of political activism, communities from thriving. One source of this
environmentalism, and community and national inequality is under- representation in civic and
service. Volunteering, national service, and political life as a result of marginalization or
service learning are all forms of civic oppression. Too often their voices go unheard,
engagement. their problems go unaddressed, and a vicious
circle of disengagement and neglect
Volunteering plays a valuable role in shaping
perpetuates injustice. These already intractable
how youth learn to interact with their community
gaps can become more entrenched with time;
and develop the skills, values, and sense of
thus, focusing on youth civic engagement is a
empowerment necessary to become active
critical task in the work to promote a more just
citizens.
and equitable society.
Why Is Youth Civic Engagement Important?
1. For Democracy. Nearly all issues affect youth,
Youth Leadership
and many affect youth differently or uniquely:
education, healthcare, the environment, Youth leadership supports youth in “developing
housing, violence, and others. When young the ability to analyze their own strengths and
people vote and participate in civic life, they can weaknesses, set personal and professional
bring valuable perspectives to these issues and goals, and have the self-esteem, confidence,
play an active role in shaping their future. If motivation, and abilities to carry them out.”
youth are excluded or do not participate, our Providing leadership training prepares youth to
democracy is not truly representing all people manage time, work in a team setting, set goals,
and not meeting its full potential. start conversations, facilitate meetings, and
make effective presentations; all of which are
2. For Communities. Youth are integral to their
positive life skills that they will carry into
local communities: they help shape its culture
adulthood.
and they have extensive social connections.
Just as young people experience a community's Youth leaders who can motivate their peers and
problems firsthand; they are often on the front lead by example will make the youth group
lines of activism and other efforts to help stronger and more effective. Young people
address them. Communities are stronger and become effective leaders when services (the
more resilient when youth participate; higher provision of resources, knowledge, and goods
levels of civic engagement can help to/for youth) and supports (like interpersonal
relationships) are in place to foster opportunities particular hazards, but can also enhance the
(the activities, roles, and responsibilities done chance that they openly discuss how to
by youth). adequately protect their families and loved ones
and understand how to seek help should their
Role of Youth Leaders
community be affected.
Youth leaders are responsible for planning and
They may assist communities in mapping their
executing a variety of activities that aim to
risk and protective factors or may hold
positively impact the lives of young people. They
leadership positions within programs. Some
may work with youth in a specific area, such as
additional roles include:
religious groups or sports teams, or they may
work more broadly with all youth in their 1. Sharing the message: Youth can help share
community. the message of disaster preparedness.
2. Acting as change makers: Youth can act as
change makers by sharing information they
Role of Youth in Disaster Risk Reduction and
learned in youth preparedness programs and
Management
helping parents and communities to prepare for
Millions of children and youth usually represent disaster, for example by developing a disaster
more than one third of the victims whenever plan or disaster preparation kit.
disasters struck. Research have shown that
3. Bringing creativity: Youth can bring creative
youth trainings focusing on disaster
and resourceful ideas to disaster preparedness
preparedness results in behavior changes, and
efforts.
that youth who are prepared are more confident
and empowered when an actual emergency UN Youth Strategy 2030
occurs.
Launched in 2018, Youth 2030, the United
Thus, engaging youth in disaster risk Nations' system-wide Youth Strategy acts as an
management training and activities can umbrella framework that guides the UN's efforts
increase their awareness and knowledge on to strengthen its work with and for young people
what to do and how to act when disasters occur, across the three pillars - peace and security,
and may decrease the number of both youth and human rights and sustainable development - in
adult victims and casualties. all contexts.
Youth plays an important role in disaster risk It seeks to significantly step up the UN's
reduction and management, and here are what capacity to engage young people and taken into
youth can do: account their views, insights and ideas towards
the realization of the 2030 Agenda for
1. The youth have the energy to take immediate
Sustainable Development and the achievement
actions when emergencies occur.
of a more just, equal, and peaceful future for all.
2. The youths are incredibly resilient and It seeks to ensure the UN's work on youth issues
creative. is pursued in a coordinated, coherence and
holistic manner.
3. The youth have the potential to become a
better leader and initiate plans. LESSON 6: DRUG ABUSE EDUCATION

the Youth in Disaster Management DRUG ABUSE

By involving youth in disaster preparedness and • Drug abuse is the continuous misuse of any
recovery efforts, youth-serving agencies can substance, licit, illicit which results to changes in
help to not only increase youths’ awareness of an individual’s physical, mental or behavioral
condition.
• Drug abuse exists when a person continually •ECSTASY
uses a drug other than its intended purpose.
•OPIATES
This continued use can lead to drug
dependence, a state of physical and •BANGKOK PILLS
psychological dependence or both on a
dangerous drug. •COCAINE

DRUG DEPENDENCY •SEDATIVES

• This is the state of physical and psychological NEW PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCES

dependence, or both, on a dangerous drug, or •These new psychoactive substances (NPS)
drugs, experienced by a person following the have been known in the market by terms such
use of that substance on a periodic or as “designer drugs”, legal highs”, “herbal highs”,
continuous basis. “bath salts”, “research chemicals”, “laboratory
• A person dependent on drugs will experience reagents”.
withdrawal reactions (also known as “cold NEW PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCES
turkey”, symptoms that occur after long-term
use of a drug is reduced or stopped abruptly) •The term “new” does not necessarily refer to
after abstaining from drugs. new inventions - several NPS were first
synthesized 40 years ago - but to substances
DRUG ADDICTION that have recently emerged on the market and
•Drug addiction is a complex, and often chronic, which have not been scheduled under the
brain disease. It is characterized by excessive above Conventions.
drug craving, seeking, and use. Addiction is MARIJUANA
caused by brain changes caused by constant
drug use. •Marijuana is the term used to describe all the
plant material like leaves, tops, stems, flowers
CLASSIFICATION/TYPES OF DRUGS and roots from a cannabis plant (Cannabis
(ACCORDING TO PDEA) sativa), dried and prepared for smoking or taken
orally as “brownies”.
•Prohibited drugs which include all the drugs
that produce psychological effects of narcotics •The mind altering component is the delta-9-
or those that relieve pain and induce sleep tetrahydrocannabinol; THC for short, which is
(cocaine, LSD, marijuana, opium and its concentrated in the resin.
derivatives, etc.) • Smoked cannabis produces a dreamy state of
•Regulated drugs which include self-inducing consciousness in which ideas seem
sedatives like barbiturates, amphetamines, or disconnected, unanticipated and free-flowing.
other hypnotic drugs or compounds producing Time, color and spatial perceptions may be
the same physiological effects. altered.

CLASSIFICATION/TYPES OF DRUGS Marijuana: ADVERSE EFFECTS

(ACCORDING TO PDEA) •In general, a feeling of well-being and

relaxation is felt. Panic reactions have occurred,
•NEW PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCES particularly in naïve users
•MARIJUANA •Increased heart rate, conjunctival injection (red
eye) and dry mouth occur regularly
•SHABU
•INHALANTS
•Communicative and motor abilities are •Methamphetamine HCL, a type of
decreased, depth perception and tracking are amphetamine is also known as “poor man’s
impaired and sense of timing is altered – all cocaine”. Other names are Shabu, Ubas,
hazardous in certain situations (e.g. driving, Siopao, Sha and Ice. Shabu is a white, odorless
operating heavy equipment). crystal or crystalline powder with a bitter
numbing taste.
•Impairment of memory and short-term cognitive
functioning particularly mathematical skills, Shabu: other names
reading and verbal comprehensive skills.
•Ubas, Siopao, Sha and Ice. Shabu is a white,
•Impairment of motor skills can lead to odorless crystal or crystalline powder with a
accidents, respiratory problems such as bitter numbing taste
bronchitis or lung cancer
Shabu
•Premature babies/low birth weight, abortion or
•Abusers are known to take this drug by
still birth (neonatal death)
ingestion inhalation (chasing the dragon),
•Panic or state of anxiety, sometimes sniffing (snorting) or by injection.
accompanied with paranoia
•Amphetamines are regularly absorbed orally
•A motivational syndrome – regular use of and are associated with a rapid onset of action,
marijuana dulls the mind of the smoker, blunts usually within one hour when taken orally. If
enthusiasms and takes away drive taken intravenously or through injection, they
have an almost immediate effect.
•Burnout – the use can become dull, slow
moving, inattentive and unaware of the Shabu: Adverse Effects
surroundings
•Produces anxiety, tension, irritability, irrational
• The physical effects of marijuana use, behavior, talkativeness and loss of self control
particularly on developing adolescents, can be
•Results in loss of appetite and inability to sleep
acute. Marijuana blocks the messages going to
your brain and alters your perceptions and •Euphoria, elation
emotions, vision, hearing, and coordination. A
recent study of 1,023 trauma patients admitted •Can lead to acute psychotic reactions, violent
to a shock trauma unit found that one-third had and destructive behavior and recklessness that
marijuana in their blood. may results in accidents

•Burnout – the use can become dull, slow SHABU: PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS chest
moving, inattentive and unaware of the pain, irregularity of heart beat, elevated or
surroundings lowered blood pressure, evidence of weight
loss, convulsion and death from cardiac arrest.
•Regular pot smokers are specially susceptible
to infections SHABU: LONG TERM EFFECTS

•It reduces testosterone level so that pre- •Psychiatric consequence are the major feature
teenage boys are at increased risk as are adults of chronic “shabu” abuse and dependency.
with marital fertility –temporary loss of fertility to • Prolonged use and even a single exposure
both sexes. especially if administered intravenously can
•Symptoms of mental illness (Psychosis) is lead to manifestation of a full blown psychosis
exacerbated which is similar to schizophrenia characterized
by the presence of paranoid delusions, auditory
SHABU: Description and visual hallucinations
•The paranoia may lead to violent and • Muscle cramps and weakness
aggressive behavior
• Numbness in limbs
• Some chronic users have difficulty
• Abdominal pains
concentrating and remembering things.
• Damage to the central nervous system, kidney,
• Diminished ability to cope with problems and
liver and possible bone marrow
difficulties in facing reality are common.
ECSTASY
• Loss of interest in sex, ambition or motivation
may also result. Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) or
commonly known as "Ecstasy", "X-TC", "Adam",
•Chronic snorters may suffer from severe
"Eden Tablet", or by its any other name "Ecstasy
irritation of the nasal passages and at times may
even develop tissue perforation of the nasal • the other trendy drug, is the term used for a
septum so that they become prone to frequent group of "designer" drugs closely related in
nose bleed. chemical form to the amphetamine family of illicit
drugs
•Renal damage, heart disease and stroke have
been documented among chronic abusers. • Methylenedioxymethamphetamine or MDMA
is the chemical name for "ecstasy" but it is also
INHALANTS
known as X-TC, ADAM or Eden Tablet, the
•Inhalant abuse is the deliberate inhalation of yuppie drug, and the hug drug, among others.
volatile chemical substance that contain psycho Demand for this drug caused its price to soar up
active (mind altering) vapors to produce a state to 2,000 pesos today.
of intoxication.
ECSTASY: Adverse Effects
• common household products including
• Fatigue and perhaps depression after the drug
everyday products such as nail polish remover,
is stopped
glue, gasoline, household cleaners, and nitrous
oxide. • Restlessness, anxiety and pronounced visual
and auditory hallucinations at large doses
• include fluorinated hydrocarbons found in
aerosols such as hairspray, spray paint, and • Nausea and vomiting
household cleaners.
• A rise in blood pressure and heart rate, death
INHALANTS: IMMEDIATE EFFECTS from heart failure or stroke
• Confusion • Prolonged regular use can lead to the same
long-term
• Distorted perception of time and distance
• effects as with synthetic stimulants, including a
• Aggressive behavior/violence
potential for neurotoxicity and brain damage as
• Hallucinations well as liver damage
• Illusions OPIATES
• Nausea and vomiting •Opiates, sometimes called narcotics, are a
group of drugs that are used medically to relieve
• Drowsiness and weightless
pain, but have a high potential for abuse.
• Loss of memory
•Some opiates come from a resin taken from the
• Inability to think seedpod of the Asian poppy
•Opiates that are commonly abused are Opium, a. Cardiac (Heart) Pathology – irregularity of
Morphine, Codeine, and synthesized or heart beat, elevated or lowered blood pressure,
manufactured opiates chest pain, convulsions or death from cardiac
arrest.
•Opium refers to the coagulated juice of the
opium poppy (Papaver Somniferum L.) and b. Pulmonary (Lung) Illnesses
embraces every kind, class and character of
c. Hepatic (Liver) Problems
opium, whether crude or opium poppy; poppy
straw; and leaves or wrappings of opium leaves, d. Renal (Kidney) Diseases
whether prepared for use or not
B. General Health
•Opium Poppy - refers to any part of the plant of
the species Papaver somniferum L., Papaver a. Malnutrition or weight loss
setigerum DC, Papaver orientale, Papaver b. Infections
bracteatum and Papaver rhoeas
c. Accidents
• includes the seeds, straws, branches, leaves
or any part thereof, or substances derived, even d. Blood Transmitted Disease
for floral, decorative and culinary purposes C. Usage
BANGKOK PILLS a. Tolerance – the individual needs more drugs
•The pill has been found to contain ephedrine, to achieve the same effects they did previously
bisacodyl, furosemide, phentermine, and with a smaller amount
fenfluramine b. Dependence – the substance becomes the
COCAINE central point to the individual’s life and they can’t
function properly without it
•Cocaine is a drug from the leaves of the Cocao
plant, a shrub that originated in South America c. Withdrawal – this happens when the
individual reduced or stopped the substance
• affects the central nervous system as a use.
stimulant
d. Overdose – the level of intoxication reaches
SEDATIVES a point where it begins to produce physical
•Sedative-hypnotics such as tranquilizers, and/or psychological harm. This can lead to
sleeping pills, and sedatives are drugs which death.
depress or slow down body functions. 2.PSYCHOLOGICAL/MENTAL HEALTH
•dangerous when not taken according to EFFECTS
physician's instructions. A. Perception – auditory and visual
EFFECTS OF DRUG ABUSE hallucinations

In several sources, it has been indicated that B. Orientation – paranoia, psychosis

there are many effects of drug abuse. The C. Memory
effects can be classified as follows:
D. Judgement – depression that led to suicide
A. EFFECTS ON THE PERSON
E. Stress – either heightening or weakening of
1. Physiological/Physical Effects emotions
A. Systemic 3. Economic Effects
A. Employment loss – individuals lose their EFFECTS ON SOCIETY
effectivity and efficiency in the work place
• Increase in heinous and anti-social crimes
B. Academic difficulties – for the youth, being
• Overwhelming fear towards drug dependents,
unable to accomplish their course work can
limiting people’s movement especially at night
affect their performance at school and their
grades • Disregarding of moral values and the
deterioration of the moral fiber of society
C. Financial problems – addiction to substance
(leading to prostitution, pedophilia, child abuse,
requires more monetary resources since the
and other immoral acts)
individual is forced to consume more of the
substance to get their fix • A threat to national security
2. Social Effects MYTHS AND MISCONCEPTIONS
• Effects on the Family - WALA PA DITO
• Family members develop intense feelings of CLASSIFICATION OF DRUG ABUSERS
humiliation and guilt
Substance abusers can be classified according
• Low self-esteem of family members to the frequency of their substance use.
• Spirit of togetherness and unity are broken 1. Experimenters – people who abuse the
drug(s) for experimental basis.
• Domestic violence
2. Occasional Users – abuse the drug
• Loss of money or valuables
occasionally/whenever there are special
A. Conflictual / Dysfunctional Relationships – an occasions. They abuse the drug once every two
individual under the influence of drugs creates (2) weeks to two (2) times a week.
tension and conflict with their family members
3. Regular Users – abuse the drug on a regular
and among their peers that can result in broken
basis approximately three (3) to four (4) times a
relationships and abandonment.
week or every other day.
EFFECTS ON THE COMMUNITY
4. Drug Dependents – people who tend to abuse
• Increase in petty crimes within neighborhoods the drug(s) everyday (almost every day) or
about five (5) to seven (7) times a week.
• Increase of drug dependents and drug pushers
5. Mentally Ill Chemical Abuser/Substance
• Developing fear of drug users among
Induced Psychosis – drug abusers who
residents, especially at night
manifest signs and symptom of psychotic
• Neighborhood association and interaction is disorders caused by the effects of drugs
reduced (hallucinations, disorientation, delusions, etc.)

B. Violence – some of the chemicals in the COMPREHENSIVE DANGEROUS DRUG ACT

abused substance can impaired the mind to OF 2002
think illogically and to act aggressively that can
• Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002
have the individual act violently in social
or Republic Act 9165 is an act that supersedes
settings.
R.A. 6425 or the Dangerous Drugs Act of 1972.
C. Safety – an individual under the influence of This amended law practices a more intensive
drugs can put someone in dangerous approach against drug abuse, trafficking and
circumstances and can be prone to accidents. enforcement.
• It also gives emphasis on the role of the • Youth group or organizations can be a vehicle
educational system in information dissemination in which their community can help alleviate or
and prevention campaign. It re-evaluates the eradicate the possibility of drug abuse. Whether
procedures, policies and programs concerning individually or as a group, the youth is a good
drug abuse. It highlights the importance of driving force that could shape the drug abuse
rehabilitation and reintegration of rehabilitated prevention initiative of the country.
individuals to society.
HERE ARE SOME WAYS THE YOUTH CAN
THESE ARE SOME OF THE IMPORTANT STEP UP IN THIS ENDEAVOR:
PROVISIONS IN THE LAW:
1. UNDERSTAND. Know the concept and
UNLAWFUL ACTS AND PENALTIES reality of drug abuse. Having a grasp of the
addiction can help in avoiding it and watching
SEC. 5 Sale, Trading, Administration,
out for others.
Dispensation, Delivery, Distribution and
Transportation of Dangerous Drugs and/or 2. LISTEN. Open yourself up in the knowledge
Controlled Precursors and Essential Chemicals of the experts and experiences of others that
have undergone the abuse. Hear the stories and
SEC. 6 Maintenance of a Den, Dive or Resort
get their lessons to heart.
SEC. 11 Possession of Dangerous Drugs
3. SHARE. Share your knowledge and network
SEC. 15 Use of Dangerous Drugs in aiding others towards being informed and
recognizing their role in drug prevention.
First offense: minimum of 6-month rehabilitation
in a government center 4. ENCOURAGE. Give your peers and family
members a good push in the right direction
2nd offense: 6 years and 1 day to 12 yrs whether its prevention or rehabilitation.
imprisonment and a fine of
5. SUPPORT. Take part in activities beneficial
50,000- 200,000 in the drug abuse prevention initiative. Add your
SEC. 19 Unlawful Prescription of Dangerous presence to the growing force tackling this
Drugs issue.

RISK FACTORS OF USING DRUGS 6. ORGANIZE. Great minds think alike. Having
a mutual goal, it is more purposeful to combine
- WALA PA DITO efforts and sources to create a bigger impact
WHY ARE ADOLESCENTS MORE about the concern.
VURNERABLE TO RISKY BEHAVIOR? 7. INFORM. Approached appropriate
Because their prefrontal cortex is still government agencies regarding incidents and
developing which involves the reasoning, cases of drug abuse.
organizing, prioritizing information, control of
impulses.
ROLE OF THE YOUTH IN THE ANTI-DRUG
CAMPAIGN HOW TO AVOID DRUG USE?

• As drug abuse and addiction is prevalent in ♣ Devote yourself to your studies and other
younger generation, it is imperative that the productive activities at home or in school
youth take part in its prevention and ♣ Stay away from people, places and events
rehabilitation efforts. that promote drug use
♣ Learn to manage feelings and cope with ♣ Educate yourself about the effects of drug
stress without using drugs abuse
♣ Develop a strong moral and spiritual ♣ Always say NO
foundation
WHAT IS THE COUNTER-MEASURE FOR
SUBSTANCE ABUSE?
CLASSIFICATION MANAGEMENT
Abstainer PREVENTIVE
Education
Experimenters COUNSELING
Occasional users
Regular users DRUG
Drug dependent REHABILITATION
Mentally ill chemical
abuser PSYCHIATRIC
(Substance induced TREATMENT
psychosis)

PERSONAL SKILLS: THRIVE MODEL

 Think positively.
 Harness coping skills.
 Reinvent yourself.
 Identify your purpose.
 Value connections.
 Embrace change.
DECISION-MAKING SKILLS: THE DECIDE
MODEL
 Determine the problem
 Explore the alternatives
 Consider the consequences
 Identify your values
 Decide
 Evaluate
