ly ” STUDY OF SMALL, MINUTE LVING MicROORGANIsMS 2 TYPES OF LIVING cELts : EUKARYOTES PROKARYOTES genehie material surreal. true NucueUs Nucueus TRUE NUCLEUS ""Nuvennmemasnie, % Suciene mEmeRANE Rigosomes: EIGHT PITO) BOs Tus Dos ses Size 5106 i <1 mm EXAMPLES Archaea : Bacteria nota microorganism NON- Living Aceuutar 1 ViRUS ¥_ n0,.metabolisin 2 WiROIDS | requires a host 00 xeproduction 3 PRIONS History or Microsiovosy Antoni Vai L cetaienenbe — FATHER OF. MICROBIOLOGY = discovered miuvorganisims =. made.a SIMPLE micros cope nba — RAIN WATER = “ANIMaLcULES” - small moving organisms — TEETH PLAQUE = “BEASTIES” — ~ small organisms that cuuse pain DION(Caweuits Ltieneae | 77 salen og aseeyog ond nuniag eng going — FATHER OF TAXONOMY basis: simuas. eniaRacrenisnes — “THEORY OF SPONTANEOUS GENERATION” b aka ABIOGENESIS 4 Living exganiems develop from nootiving matter oRupote Vincuow = concept of BIOGENESIS. L living cells can only arise prom. pre: existing living organisms Louis ae ~ i. — FATHER OF MODERN wnicRopio.ocy / BACTERIOLOGY, — PASTEUR FLASK = swan-neched plas oh WINE Cota - PASTEWRIZATION = _germentation of wine cram ae See 2 = can remove busterio hy neating NUvesaR (occ act) — developed the fers: AEROBIC — suriwe in the presence of vxygen ANAEROBIC — aie in the prestoce of onygen, GERM THEORY OF. DISEASE 4 disease cam be cased. by micworganisiny ft a K sac vetetaimeraanne KOGH'S PostuLatEs: 1. the microorganism or other pathogen must be present in all cases of the disease burt should vg absent in healthy, parents 2 the pathogen canbe isplated from ine, diseased host and anand in the laboratory culture. medi (pure culture) Lem = 4 pathogen 3. the pathogen From Ihe pure culture, must produve the disease when inoculated iata O healthy, succeptible lavoratory animal 4. the pathogen must be REISOLATED gon re new host and shown tv. be the yome as ine originally inoculated pathogen — shacted the field of ETIOLOGY — discovered: ‘# not all M0. can growin medio calhures : v CHOLERA BACILLUS Topaiiatt = ony en arinads'ilo male = human, chimponrets, rabbi} V ANTHRAX BRGLLUS feat] pea ene ¥ TWRERCE BRALLUS Rabies, ~ dogs. cats, humans} Ricuaro Peter ~ “ PErRLbIsH” 7 during: Gram @) = THICK,VIOLET ‘ng: GRAM-stAINING < eee nal Hans Cuntstian Gast GRAM STAINING : Gasig= Perriouuycen + PRIMARY STAIN - Crystal Violet empe * MOR DANT = Topines Solution J Gvan's Todine CIAS + DECOLORIZER . - Alcohol / Acetone + COUNTER STAIN. ~ Sapranin Tenax Gewimer wets : — high incidence, of. maternal death due fo. PUBRPEAAL FEVER — wosh theie hands with CHLORINATED Lime. wareR .:7SMeP-pyogen before and after the procedure) 12 CHILD Bi vee © postporjum atath due 1 if te ingeeran OSEPH LISTER ~ FATHER OF ANTISEPTIC SURGERY = He began spraying wounds , surgical incisions and dressings with PHENOL ein Craw T skudied. the propagation of, CHOLERA = nis stndy was te foundation of :, EPIDEMIOLOGY ~ INFECTION CONTROL ~ Ewan Jenner - ~ FATHER OF IMMUNOLOGY i Ast vaccine against SMALL POX Yo ural, ingection 41 Ast disease 40 be completely eliminated7 Paut Furi CH. Crather of chemotherapy) — “magic ballet.” Z 4 toxic te pathogen, & nontoxic to host % ~ discovered: SALVARSAN / COMPOUND GOG/ AASPHENAMINE _ JOHN TINDALL = “Tyndalltzation” or * Intermittent Sterilixation™ " ALexanper een core tonips 23 co'capnins 5 gore sunins er peapsocewun meet oo ree ¥. NoratuM Ue seedioianie ee cident coaa Ey VON Pesanie Soe — discovered of DIPHTHERIA antitoxia * SPORES. y br ratstant iv ecitemes of temperature, can withstand extreme heat & dehydrahon Gernarp Desnniaang . = PRONTOSIL 4 bright ved dye b metabolized into SULFANILAMIDE Cont -inpective) Kosert Wartraicer _ — proposed the FIVE KINGDOM oF organisms : 1 PLANT am 2 ANAL . ayy 3, FUNG! 4 4 PROTISTA 6 MONERAStaining Procedures 1.GRAM STAIN *1stain: Crystal Violet. (color cell wall) pros. * Mordant: lodine CIneips 1° stain to penetrate cell wall) cas - *Decolorizer: Alcohol Cdecolorize thin peptidoglycan) 22%stain: Sagranin (color cell wall) % Results: © G@ : violet (coccus) °GQ : pink, Crods). * Organisms: 2 G® : Mycobacterium, Clostridium Bacillus, CoryneB, Lactobacillus, ° GO : Neisseria Listeria. Nocardia, Erysipelotnsix ‘CMmy Colorful Bur Gorny Life love Neyer Ends) 2. Acto Fast Bacitts 1°stain + Carbol Fuchsin POS Decolorizer: Acid alcoho! CAM + 2%stain + Methylene blue & Results: ACID FAST _ : pink (Nocardia, 18) °NOTACID FAST: blue . 3. SPORE STAIN + Color spore: Malachite Green COC * Decolorizer + Acid alcohol MACIS * Colorbacteria: Corbol Fuchsin /Sopranin % SPORES | located on the terminal or inside Results: & pink organism w| green dots, 4. Capsute STAIN * Crystal Violet * Copper sulpate® Results : © violetorganism w] blue nalo®5. NEGATIVE STAIN * Nigrosin © color the environment not the bacteria # Results: & white organism ona dark background 6. SPECIAL STAIN — for hard to visualize organisms, (ex: Treponema pallidum) ~ Wright stain Silverstain . Giemsa stain < unmamte[PROKARYOTES] ‘Arcraca 4s inhatoit extreme environment Bacteria Li. praharyotic , unicellular L, divide: BINARY FISSION ; 1. ths. cell walls are. composed of PEPTIDOGLICANS rosoumial ~ antibiofic: rerigiant SS ESKAPE Enterococcus faecium Staphylococcus. aureus Klebsiella pneumoniae Acinetobacter baumannii Preadomonas, aeruginosa Enterobacter species Bacteria. Crrotocy ano Monrnovosy SHAPES: Lee Kidney stapes Neisseria gonorthene .COCCUS = spherical rownd Lancer suape + Streptorocue pneumoniae BACILLUS. .- yod-shaped 3. SPIRALS = Swisted | a Stipp. (sPiRiLLA) Borda stat t Flexible (seisocneres) tegen aNIBRIOS. = cuned «ads ROM coRYnebacterium . plastic ud SEDEOMORPHIC ~ co degnite maps ehibits @asncir7 < vcobaceriaun eee ARRANGEMENT: 1.COCCUS. 1. Single 2. By pairs (Diplo) Oc 2. Chains, (Strepte) 2 4 Claster, (Staphyle), =. “grape “uke” x,BACILUS 1. Single (inte) = 2S: PNEUMONIAE 2. By poirs (Diplo) = (}N.GoNORRMER - 3. Chains. (strepto) 4. Blaster, (Palisade) eo: ConYaclocteriwmn diphtheria “om “OMUWESE LevTER / CK ET FENCE” Pag chinese , mayaman, at. majaas ang gence, = calls ace lined side by sideSTRUCTURAL Anatomy: Latycotatyces Samrat by @uicocaLyx 4 * su6an cur” Lrvpess OCAPSULE @SLUME LAYER, — FIRULY otacned Ww the cll surgave = LOOSELY attacned, Ha) soluble, e'scous. — ota ; Acc vessat~ WEL STAIN ining etnias, Goa > fan: Use for artauum ent | adhesion C ompusition < soiveeerines a Cystal vided, Cason Antigens > KANTIGEN® Kopule 9? volt) igh 9 lee aor P inagocytosis 5 sup. peumonine ~ ease“? pry = YOLune fox Musumans DBacteriar Cen Enverore by “ WRAPPERS” Qrives: OCELL MEMBRANE OceUL WALL ~ aka, MUREIN ~ campesed oF peptidoglycan i. NAM = N-acelylmuramic, auid NGG = N-acetyl glucosamine ii, Repiide chains Gram 7 POSITIVE, hick peptidoglycan PHOSPHATE catvic acid ake Lind pelysaut e - O Antigen™ J = somatic antigen @Porins — PROTEIN CHANNELS - tReet OpEHIG — Fava pe T useal by ankipioties 1 reach she yeptiduglycan ~ MOA of AunBOTIe RESISTANLE =. cin nation of porins™ % PERIPLASMIC. SPACE a 5 contains the peptidoglycan lay: Lac since i f TL. Fimeriak (ara: como pill J Aitacment iid by naie-Whe structure Ly short» bristle like Ly PORCUPINE. & SPIKY * Ly function: use altaciment of adinesson on the surfaces of the cells 4, exampie +, N- gonorrheaW. Pius bo shorty rod-like structure > punction: GENE/ONA transper (plasmid) Lo process: CONJUGATION “PGK CONUUGATION PIL / SEX PILL WM. Flaceta by long nwilip Whe. shuctures, s 4H Antigen® f z b Function. MOTILITY *MONOTRICHOUS — single > PERITRICHOUS ~ covers ex: Proteus + WORHOTRICHOUS - fyi x | + ATAICROUS = ao flagella x, * AMPHITRICHOUS — boihends * ENDOTRICHOUS / ENDOFLAGELA, ~ only cound io spiuchetes + ka AXIAL FLLAMENT/ PERIPLASMIC FLAGELLA W. Rieosomes & site of protein synthesis © poly peptides sand, mnaleuiles of AIA & cre: JOS.< 28 4 wo anneey 4 ANTIGEN THING = used fe cassipy buderia Vy. Prasmips*? % small circular moleuales.of DNA 4 aka FACTORS ts hrongger duiing CONSUGATION we: ADVANTAGE F ptasmio R Plasmip 7 Feanury T AESISTANCE = can prodvee, PILL T can produce EWtyMEC and srRUCKuRE = Capable of Consita ANON T can be resistant tp ANtisioncs , = capable of bransgereiog flauinics DISINFECTANTS @ STEAILZATION V PLASMID T VIRULENCE = con prodyce ewty mes, SRUCMIRES dnd Toxins con cause DISEASE Stocated inside we est) = ex: Nigonorthea Tinned atren lyWL Enooseornes stat ale 4 higily dormant = Seeing. or hibernation” == oat itional requirement & wighiy cesiclant = ret billed wy HEAT] me Prrcoune oo] use: SURVIVAL BOWING. SORYINE Etumination : [AUTOCLAVE] * cree = steam under presture vToxic CHEMICALS Waa: eas RADIATION = Seonvianen * np i EGE TATIVE ce cS EnnosPoRE GERMINATION®, 2 GENERA: BACILLUS j MOST WEAT- RESISTANT fe CLostaipium SCHAEFFER - FULTON STAINING: | PRIMARY STAIN «MALACHITE GREEN’ SECONDAFY STPIN — SAFRANIN (AED) Ly dye usedl 1 stain enderpore I Toxins ~ a toxic sulostance , usnally a protein lipid — TOXIGENE CITY. = ability tv produce a toxin et -moA: cause the release 7 Exotoxin Enpotoxin of neumsis factor — produced inside during setabolisin — oka: Lipia-h} pymgen. = after inetoloolism’s veleautel fo tie | Park og the ‘hucture cell wall 7 exer sche external enyi ronment = reledied when the cell undergeer lysis ~ Found in GRAM @) and C) — Found in Gram U4 only — unstable 5 destroyed at 6O-80°C stables withstand 12U'C gor Lhe, — Toxic. — LESS TOXIC = ex: Typhoid fever? Ucinary Track tngection Meningococcal meningitis)Bacteria Grown 4 an increase in the number of cells present 4 increase population —— reproduce = undergoes BINARY Fission Generation Time Ly the time requived for a, bacterial cell 1 grow. and divide 45 the Hime required fora population of cells to, POUBLE in umber % Bacterial Growth. Cuave O@LAG PHASE .. QSTATIONARY PHASE = calls ore ADAPTING ty the new enu(conment — “balanced, growth” = T metabolism — Foewells = s old ces = norepreduction @LOG PHASE @DEATH | DECLINE PHASE + logarithm [é&ponential phase Hold. cells 2 4. new cells T Trate of repreduetion ,.* in population T Susceptible (cain be billed) ty antibiotics % Types of Gene Taansrer © VERticaL Gene TRANSFER @TAansPosition oid. gen pareat ze = “transposons” BINARY Fission * % segments op DNA % moues by jumping meH08 oO cause ca & aka: JUMPING GENES @HORIONTAL. GENE TRANSFER Dowor 5 RECIPIENT cous cus own genes + = RetompiNT donor genes eu ; media Ty baropoge (MAUNA) G. TRANGFORMATION b. TAANS DUCTION c. CONJUGATION, = oytemal DNA eeleased | “virus” 7 thedonor undergoes WSIS, — achas 0 cucsier 7 The recipient .* taken up = inside + ONA_ donor x eee a gives to te eepient_ *& GROWTH ReeuinEMENTS live? AEROBES: — . .T. OXYGEN meauinements Ook dies ANAEROBES 7 CM used: — toxic Forms: excellent oxidizing agents _. OAEROBES, 5 @ AeRoTwLERANT AwAEROBES 7 —requite oxygen to live — livein the presente & absence of OF ~ produce emuymnes . ~ can produce ereymes 4 ~ elds oi fas of tate) - UD ex: Superoxide radial ~ Supeeovie, dimutose a Pexoxide anion < 22s @© Microrero nie ~ sequite LOW CONC. of ORYGEN ads OBLIGATE’ x @ ANAEROBES v & oniceW is the * terminal e° autor ~ can produce, enzymes in low anc oF = ~ ale im the presence oF oxygen fe Chotulinum tone = 0. gg pylon — METHANQGENS = anaerobic battena that = 210-7. cone a ~ cm: «derive enevay by coeverting : tales = FORMATES , ACEIBIES, ete. @. Carnoruite” F can produce. METHANE GAS apne” © smoke — . @ Obuicate Aenoses = sur on tu) rs = A gteick" = pes co3 7) oe nee i ox: B. subtilis a teqi NOs m is in candle. jats absence, of O2 +, DE, ~ can, produce, ennymes @ FacuLtatwe ANAEROBES, -_ ~— “elexibie.” — preper: Oxyoen-RicH, | Boll. N: medingitidis — absente 02: SuRVWE ~ require + Oa gor metabolim = Tpwduce iz ~ ean produce enzymes oa — ~ feeblesoppermentation ‘ —. TL. remreratwae i= @ PSYCHROPHILES @ PsicnomoPns. # ~ cold-loving, = O€-300 = 40° = 2GC = repigeratr _ 25°C = wo Yemp = responsible gor*FOo0 srowace * @® mesorene* @. THERMOrHILES — thrive at bady temp — hot loving organisms Be : see = can grow in numa body ~ “disease: causing @ganisms” = PATHOGEN © HVWEATHERMOPHILES = extremely: hot loving — 785" or 21000 7 OC ARCHAEA *& NUTRIENTS CARBOHYDRATES major: | AMINO AciDS lupins T. Sources oF Canpon : 1. Autorgoras Reed 2. MerERoTRopHs ® GO? ~ ex: (C02 = ex! carohy drates 7 inorganic carbons 7 organic carbons TL. souaces oF ELectRon \-ORoANOTROMS PME 9. Litmornorns = erganie compounds ~ inorganic. compounds ex: HETEROTRDPAS 7 th AWTOTROPHS, TL. sources oF EnERy 1. CHEmoTROPHS 2,, PHOTDSROPHS, = chemical reaction = From light ex: REDOX % SALT. CONCENTRATION |: Halophiles ~ Dealt concentration, 2. Extreme halophiles _ — igh salt canc.(gcouth) 3. Obligate halophiles ~ high camotic preswre (can. oF Natl) a, Fauultative, halophiles — 4-27 salt only * pH % PREssune Acidopites - 8 * BAROPHILES ~ air presstre, > Neabophiles - 55-6 4 Basophiies - 86 4. Alkalophiles — NS7 Gram- Positive Slaphylocaccus a samc, S| repro coceus All COCCI ate not encapsulated Enferococus eS “AL BACILLI are not encopsulated BauillusClos ridium — endospore- Forming exept: linea HILUS: 1 a rencanatare 7 Gram Gy Bacily Lisleria El 4 Corynebaclerium oss - gorming _ Propioni bac | erium } CATALASE TEST* — ysedto diggerentiate Staphylococcus to Sheptococus = determine ig the microorganisms can produce the: emyme CATALASE = — Gt) result: “BUBBLES (F) staphyLococcus (-) StREPTOCOCEUS breaks clown PEROXIDASE —. COCCh: ~ 7 Sta PHYLOCOCCUS Skin: STAPH YLOCCOuS. EPIDERMIS ¢ * Normal Flora me * Nose: STAPHYLacocCUS. AUREUS & - Laetobic ®pmeap + Salt-toletant (up to 107. Nac) ct + MANNITOL SALT AGAR. culture, medi used to isolate staphylococcus species @Staewyrocaccus Erioermis = La pncusranve auancnoae® (P Disease; + STITCH ABSCESS / SURGICAL, SUTURES » ENDOCARDITIS % onigicial esthetic heart valvesBe ® Stapnviococcus Aureus , Disease : SCALED SKIN SYNOROME = peeloff sheets , toxin: EXFOLIATIVE SKIN Koon Boils ‘="FURUN CLES PiGsA/ BOILS stain peels FF sramgle: sto TANORONS™ 4 Toxic Shock Syndrome Ee toxin: 3S TOXIN x oe a inglownaton Acute Endocarditis = inpection af ane tiring of the valves = sls Fast rogresion —> DEATH 5 Pood Poisoning = GASTROENTERITIS/ FOOD INTOXICATION 7 = Ly toxin: ENTEROTOKIN _ by food: all yood with MAYONNAISE X : Other ingections: FOLLICULITIS Carouncre = toi gullicle = seera BOIS join ogelher Zz ~ omy here in He body T discharge: WHITE Chad, gatul) “4 pag a lump: IMrEtison | al ~ ned rosin —>.fus)= CRUST Osreomyeunis es ~ near the ligs = ingection of bone marrow and the sxmunding bone ~ highly contagious T seen in children > Long bones _ > Sten ia odult. ; vertebrae, fe Sty i — bali COAGULASE TEST Daus or. Cuoice 7 = dligerentiate, S-oweus vs. 8 epidermis Bi —. determing ig. microorganisms can preduce. * Uncomplicated. 5.A. COAGULASE. doc: Penicillin G IV, - —_ Colonies: [coupe Teton) * causes plasma Penicillin resistant S.A. oe docs Metnicittin 7 Tcatainge || + cataase | - Methicillin - resistant 6 A- + ORGULASE . | - conanace® S:AUREUS - | -S. EPIDERNIS DOC! Vancomycin Vancomycin: resistant, $.A- =I docs LinezolidSrreptococc us ae (CHAIN ARRANGEMENT) FI HEMOLYSIS Gaour aNTiGeN — Rec = Blood AGAR MEDIUM GROUP A enryme: HEMOWSIN cade @ SE = incomplete /portol Newolyels ~ GREEN ‘B = complete kemotysis .. ~ cmoRues, = pp tiemolysis ~ REO, Group A= Staerrococens Pyosenes | .BACITRACIN TEST [B-hemsiytc| ic Gnour © = cinememanechanacinc| | Susceptidte A Resistant. : B PENICILLIN G DOC?“ Amoxiduin Gaour A: © Since. Frosents smostvintent | fomion she (ins) © Antiphagocytic factor: M PROTEIN Ingection : Patient | Ingonts T Flesh-eating streptococcus DICK TEST #:C0- INFECTION (5) : 1 maui 4 Searet Fever . Lguscephible tesr @ SORE THROAT ® scams Fever eT utes yasodtotin ~ aka: PHABUNGITIS segoramAT MSS . ine Tee — ~. Blagenes = pus producing — toxin, PYROGENIG/ ERYTHROGENIC, eever/crTw = fos of the whole body. = Erytiematous, yoo we — if fungue is swollen, STRAWBERRY RED TONGUE, xf cana om oxising prom 0 preiows ingechin I ¥SEQUELA! fs repeated and unleaded (RG) im sue @ ANeumane FEVER © GIOMERULONE MiRINIS ~ destraction, op SP + Rheumatic, @ Pisease —. ~ hidaags ort damaged | Ag- Ab camper was nol vemoned = tyshemic inglammation, Ciara) — Luing oatpat = blood volume = BEM uteaic inplawohion —Cqiahuaiee) = 7 fee te strtlogy type: |g.™ POP OTHER INFECHONS: (PNC) @ PueRPeRaL Fevee™ @ NecROnZING Fasains © cuts aha CHILD BED FEVER aka FLESH- EATING STREP 7 hon neciotizing inglammotion =, post-partum ingection ~ will eat skin, Fors of the shin and. SC Histnes _ oeeuss in the Utenis cartilages & muses _ CADAVER FA AT CLESGroue B: @ Stnep. Acmacnas af = forgets: Babies, Invonts, Neonates aginal transpla T disease: NFONATAL BACTEREMIA, MENINGINS, FrewmMonIA = tesistan} fo BACITRAGIN TEGT \ ALPHA - HEMOLYTIC] = THE VIRIDANS GROUP -@ Srnep. VinIANS * OPTOCHIN TesT*® = causes dental cavies = diggerentiate WIRIDANS. vs. PNEMMONIAE ~ normal Flora: ORAL CAUTY/ mort + mEUMoniae S disease swancure pocremiat Enpocaroms * FOP > WRIDANS =.815; dower proresion FE So Viri Expensive @ Strep. mutans : normal plora: ORAL CAVITY [MOUTH causes dental cavies/ cavities. © STAEP. PNEUMONIAE -; ma musigg o \ = aka: Pueumo coccus QUELLUNG REACTION. _ 7 normal loca: LUNGS — capsule ~_ shape: Lancet swell 3 HAIG = avvangement: DIPLO ('y pair) = S.pnewmoaiar ealensligissyon. ‘rent fng Akin kao Tong by thoyanors Disease: ©. PREUMOCOCEL, PREUMONIAE @ arms wenn = 357 of allcases of ~ ako Sulitmmen’s EAR = most cummon cause. of adit proumonin = ingection of the outer ear ~, Couses FS". LOBAR PNEUMONIA @ Sinusitis © ons meoia. Unglarmetion oF the Vining oF. the, = middie ear jngechion paronacal sinuses = more prevalent in childven = aFpeced ERRDRUM or Eustachian tabe Doc: PENN G AMOI CILUN VACCINE: Pneumococcal vacine\ * Enterococci © Enterococcus Frecium / Faecans = normal enteric bacteria (human colon) T divease: Winery Track a eefon (uri), AGE, Cholecystitis problem: Antibiotic-rexistant 7 woos, PENCIL / vancomycin . +. stREProm¥cN/ GENTAMICIN Bacitu: : Bacitius (AEROBIC) RENDOSPORE— FoRMING = central © Bacitus Anriiancis = motile (except 8.anthracis) glutamic acid = has Ne. 9 gapatie Ty gli aid 7 Poty-D-giutamate « toxin: ANTHRAX TOXIN = Box-like; Medusorhead colony Disease: ANTHRAX Q.IWHALATIONAL, ANTHARA @ Cutnaveous ANHRax © GasmROWTESTINAL = aka WOOL SORTER'S DISEASE ~ eadospores penetrate the skin aaa = innaigd endospores ~ Escuar. = tesionZ twaten osty = ©: workers wito collect wool’s sheep doc: Ciprofloxacin ® Bacinus. Syatitis T aka HAY /Gaass BACLIUS = isolated prom a debriced tissue From a compound Frachare in Tylo, Margaret Trocy® = brand name: BACRACIN® @ Brciutus. Cereus > Food poisoning 5 SWARMING MOTILITY — FRIED RICE FOOP POISONING “Food poiconiaing can B-ctceus” 7 Dtovins: HEAT srABie - Vomitus HEAT LABILE — Dlastheal fom.‘Crostripum . ~ Geancbey* pac: meneadale. ~ mormal flora: Intestines =. piom peces ® Crostaipium PERFRINGENS 3 ~ MOWECRaSIS T couses GAS GANGRENE common in diolyetes \ = toxin: LECITHINASE,, [cxroroxin / COUAGENASE, HYALURONIDASE Y con desiray cells — 4 causes RBC desaction i oc: Penicillin ast Amputation Metronidazole. (now) Hyperbaric. Os chafiber _ e Maggot therapy @ Crostminium Dyrricive 2 T normal love. jin the colon : [will came a disease ig ingects BROAD-SeEcrRUM ANNBIONCS. [oe Gindamycin, can Will must oF nsemal glora ia the elon, viscose: + PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS CoLITIS™ = Will the cells o¢ the intestines T lesion is called Pseudomemorane — slg: aladominol pote Aiarchea, with blood, boc: Vancomycin Metronidazole, @ Crostainium Botwunam TYPE A. = FORK Josie isease + BOTULISM =2 “placuid paralysis” TE B > pom = toxin: BOTULINUM TOXIN, TE B= bo moa: Inbivits Adieaepiom ‘Types oF Botulism: plessynaptic neuron 1. FOOD BORNE, BoTULISM = 3, Wound BaTALISM, T From PRESERVED Fist] CANNED GuoDS ~ tndospares penetrate the shin = Weak: 100°C 20 ming J preheat good abit. = seen in DAWG USERS (aly opn eyee) = ete T conumphion of TOXIN — SOC EH BOmins — — in Block Tay, Hevoine 2. INFANT BoTULEM™® 7 oka FLOPPY BABY swpaome / RAG Pout . = most common NPE SYNOROME ——— cymetics a é Rougy] = piled with endespores = For Strabismus. ond Blephavospasmis@ Clostrinwum Terani~ “Tennis -racket aypeoroncs Fe = aka LOCK JAW / Spastic PARALYSIS — toxin: TETANUS TOXIN | TeTANOsPASMIN 5 mong: inhibit a9 release ==7 conhaction = potent dies + FINAL INHALATIONAL Disease: 1. RISUS SAADONICUS = aka SARDONIC smiLE Souvees: Won rust & LOCK JAW, ~ ako TAISTIMS Animals, a.oristorowos .~ bewt| arehing of fhe back poc:. Penieitiin WRSSIVE + Teams Immute Globutia Hetroni dazole NenVE + Tehanus vaccine ‘4 NON-ENDOSPORE FORMING. © LISTERIA MoNocy TOGENES. + pilot niscanage only grain ct) who cay produce ENDOTDAINY susceptible METHERS — wild jp ucsenin canes = wohlily: TUMBLING MOTIF, UMBREWA GROWTH PATTERN Broes - af Aik DEN mnt “aaaaic ERE “oy geay ot = epidemiolgay: From Fad contaminated with _- Minune contro ise "feaallatatie *--ggex* Ampiettia *t* Oentamitein ex: Delicatessen cold nuts Sopt cheeses # Ocular: Anton Test ” 7 has Vor t-shaped colonies. @, CORYNEBACTERIUM DIPHIHERIAE = shape: PLEOMORPHIC (comma , club- shaped Wortahoped) Fy 8S = arrangement: Chinese Letter/ Picket. Fen T sttuchire: Metachroman granules 4 diagnastic svat Ciodebertine suscep bility to diphtieria — aka: KLEBS- LOEFFLER BACILLUS . 08 DIPHTHERIA , Haak colon es ~ respicatory ditease , ASPHYYIG T bain: DIPHTHERIA, TOXIN voc: Exythromycin Penicillin, 7 Blochoige, of PIEUIOMEMSRONE "Mon: destroys the. SLONGATION Face *MOOP Vaccine: Diop y nimsaageap H EF ='used in proten synthesis @. PRoPIONIPACTERIUM . ACES. © Acne vu ranais ~ normal Flora: skin = BOC :. Erythwmycin > plod: ons MES saat aciog Cliadaumyein T Inpechon: f OW, PRDWCKON. = 4 HORMONES a. pupenTy {SOTRETINOWN,Gram- Necative Neisseria + Shape: Cofpee Bean | Kidney-Shaped + Airongement: Diplo pairs 4. * Oxidack! Festive SUGAR FERMENTATION Sacine “aKa N. gonortheae . ~. GLUCOSE © Plasmip | gonacoceus N. meningitidis ~ GLUCOSE and maLTose | (+) CAPSULE: |" meningecoeins eamons: © N.gororrheae. pin capi er Bute We Senate Sn cin We = ako. DRIP/TULO/ AAP eto j = GEXUALLY TRANSINTCED DiSEASE cuans sunonane =, PONY ~ con: MODIFIED THAYER MARTIN / NEW YORK city CULTURE mepiUM ~ sis: Yaateg femared te: DUAL THERAPY ~ dippicalty/ pai ia urination = Asymptomatic WM? Ceptriatone 7 ditchage = FREE FLOWING = ecuges the spread oral: Azithromycin — disease ‘© OPHTHALIMIA NEONATORUM (when it comes inontocr w) Ane ingected vagina) ~ ingection.of the eyes —7 blindness > 60F: + AY, opthalmic AgNDs solq must be cls delivery 2., Erythromycin (cream) ointment) ay 7 mendotoxin produding bacterium sa ® N. meningitidis fein: Growlate figar Plate(enp)} ~ causes: © Meningitis brain ~ ining < spinal cord @ Meningbcoical ‘sephieeimia ~_ oka Meningococcewia = severe, systemic {agection — Dleeding of the shin => RASH — distose: + PETECHIAE = Weeding of the hin prophylaxis: Ripampicin actual pattie: Ci proploxacin Ceprigxone (ac)_ R FACULTATIVE ANAERORE ENTEROBACTERIACEAE ; — ako ENteric Bacteria = normal, glora :, intestines Exchéridai enrerobacter > ¢ wewieln 2K EES. T. Courorm opportunistic @ Eschericiia coul = lactase fermenter ® OCOp = cm: MACCONKEY AGAR EOSIN METHYLENE BLUE <— = activates ADEWILATE CYCLASE =7 cumulation of cAMP of the mucosal lining Disease: 1 Entero Texigenic E.coli (eTéC) * Pace Heat state 10 taxis Seat bolaile roveller's diawhea — watery diornea (3-Sdays) unig ~ cholevatike toxin = aka Mowterumn's REVENGE z Enter(Pathogeic Encoli (erec) ©, — mostcommon diarrhea in ipgambe. = We of poor sanitation condi ons 3 EnteroHemerrhagic E-oat (EHEC) © emarrhagic tetowrhagic clits ~ bloody aicurwea ie ~ ShIGA -Wie | VERoroxiN LAs or Hemolyne Urconic Synchvome amaburger ~ aatains ground eee con O19: HT ® Ly comiyge E most common gram (-) pathogens of humans ~ pink dark blue [violet een metalic Areca 4, Entepelntasive Balt (eet) .' ~ invade the epithelial cells Cintestines) ~ identical fo SHiae LUOSIS, i slood Lraiantca Ls Pmt E EntevoAggregative E.coli CEAEC) = clumes raed = causes ante and chionie diartnea WRINARY TARCT IWEECRONS = most common couse. G07, oF givsh Tl in.young women BOC: Ciproftoxacin ~ if Mept untveat cal, it gnes up to-bidneys. v Welonépavisis PoMnd in hamburgers* @ Kreesieita. pyeumonine — FRIEDLANDIER'S PACKLUS = nosocomial infection — HOSPITAL ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA (HAP) lepsie = colonies: [(mncou ® P = = DOC: @rioupencm (len penes + cilastain) = last ine 34 — ANTIBIonG - RES’ TANT = emyme: UREASE \ 43) SERRATIA maRcEsceNS 4 pigments ed Cones @® Enrengpacter nosocomial iagection — HOSPITAL ACGWIRED PNEUMONIA (HAP) T. Noncouroam Orroatumsne. Paoteus EDwaRDSiELtA (cemr) MoaoaneLia ProwioeNcia Db PERI TAICHOUS FLAGELLA : ii eck Man agar sur foce Proteus & Forms concentric vings| circles on a ; Qs # oe aka“ SWARMING PHENOM NON” + Proteus miRABILiS Bpocop per ~ can bieak down (ARERTE] —? wrealuvined eRlaged Lime Venai’t foatls 2 “ "pyzoes" DOC: WHO ~ Streptomycin BLACK ge eal aie a COL = Gentamicin. yeaee fern GLU GESE with gas production GHGS) WIDAL TEST — @Satm oneua. Typa Ldiagnostic test por SALMON ELD, az = aka TYPHOID FEVER (9 Fen NY AON suet ce = = 34-40°C Fever, Rash and Ave sH015 = “Typhoid may = DOC: old = CHLORAMPHENICOL = found (a her guibiadde ee new > CERTALAXONE. f Aylose gin ‘Yeo jake Ager} —@ Snicena 5 ptt severe: SHIGATOXIN = — S.plecner] » §, enya, 6. schneit ond Sdentring BS — DYSENTERY] SHIGELLOSIS, = los and pus Se = transmission’ fs = Fingers, Flies. Food and Feces ~ Doc: Arittromycin and Cipropioxacin TW. Haemornius Species : : 7 cowobacilay Ee © B. influenzae loss of sensation = one or a pew hypopigmented /inyperpigmented — SKIN MacuLES : », @MULTIBACILARY /LePROMATOUS LEPROSY esate: = progressive, malignant corm Nena eas = a face = weak, Tcell immune response = causes cesta ction of ssies. oF body pacts = not highly contagious :, tepeated exposure, extended time — ULCERATED NobuLes. Tx: Tueencurow ; DAPSONE + AIFAMPicAN, LepRomarmus : DAPSONE t RIFAMPIN, + CLOFAZIME, 6 ATYPICAL ©. Mycheaciedium | Ayvium wand bate STS ~ Opporhanishic pathogen + pneumonia in ww (604450) — simmancously ageects almost every organ of. te body — "MAComplex e ~ For ADs px only y by END Stace (multi organ failure) TAOS ete ccnstai Zi eiovamycin Azithvomycia . _ © Mycwencrenium . Vaccae ~ F serotonin ig inhaled 7 From soil ~ © Myoovacrerium Kanasu = aka YELIQW BALLLUS. — PHOTOCHROMAGEN — Only otypica\. thal responds ty re d 3 © Mycosacterium Bovis = source of BCG vaccine CBaciflus of Camette- Gueri @Mycopacterium maginam = Floating in bodies of water = Swimming pel | Fish tank groml oma — singer's nodules @Myeowacrs Rian ScoFivaceum 5. g(andlomatous lesions — SCHON CHROMOGENSPIROCHETES: SPIRALS. bo mmoyement:, CORK scREW stdin: GIEMSA 4 endo + flagella WRIGTH i i on SILVER, ® Borrena Buncporreni (Largest Bacteria?) _Apennein BECURENTIS gpaup_ — disease §, LIME DISEASE : — vector: BLACKLEGGED TICK ~ rash: Eavmema monans/ Buus eve™ ~veclor: Bony \OUSE = doc: Doxycycuve, = — reserwoie : white popted mouse, white tailed deer . ® LerrosPiea Iwrearocans ~ disease « Lee tospingsis ei. 5 DISEASE _ = #hin, coiled, ebligate newbe = Fransmission: Jkin and mucucs membranes = Teservert+ dog, cat. livestock _ 7 em: EMH 3 = POC: POXYCY CLINE J PENICILLIN 7 @ Treronema Patuoum — aka HARD CHANCRE ~, disease: ygreiig/Socle pisense/raeucl Dlsehse/THe GREAT FoX/THE GREAT WITATOR — — diageoris: © STD @® VESION ( genitals, lips, anus, sp) =F © (BRK ELD MiCREBEORE * EF Glos 81000 TEST “diagnosis af early syphilis sVenereal Disease STAGES oF SyrHILS: Research Lab Wont) __ Palmary syenius = small painless , reddened s hava lesion forms CHARD CHANCRE) = SEcomDARY. suPHIS % = widespread rath Ccompyioma) Latent stace = 10 signs and rymplms CASYMPDMENC) - TERTIARY SNPHIS Z re = paingul. rubbery lesfons = skin) bones (eymma) —Y disgiguration — dementia, blindness HATCHINSON's TRIAD DOC: Penicillin, ~ interstitial keratitis = hutchinson’s teeth 4 — eighth net ve deagnessVIBRIOS: curved — @ Vibrio CHoLeRAE = HMoPMILC , Brahich H2O i — disease: CHOLERA = diawhea: RICE WATERY STOOLS ~ donot con — toxin: CHOLERA TOXIN ~ Mon: T CAMP —> mascive excection —2 Na + H2O “TeBs (thiowlpate, Gk i 7 = DOC: Doxyeycliae / Azithromycin OF elecmiyter ¥ = epidemic in Bongladah =7 4 el for straint © debydratfon — has SHOOTING SIAR morILITY @ weakness @,Cameviosacren JeJuni sy: noipuagtC GRD - map. * ~ ajsease Bavterial Gasiroratertis/ Entwowlit’ Oe NoMMALK vig Cadulb) — Fem : SKIBROW'S AGAR: @ HeticopacteR Pytori = = diseases Pephe Ulcer Discase (oe ~ nage: UREBSE —? URED = gashie plutd < = diagnosis: © Blorsy Cinvarive) : _ @, UREA SAEATH TEST tnoninvasive) Treatment ~ $OC! CLARITHROMYCIN, +. OMEPRAZOLE CPPL) .PREVPAC a (at) Lansopranale +. Amoxicillin + Clarithvomycit : og HEUIDAC —. ATYPICAL: Mave (Gt) Bi subsalicylake + metunidawle + TH x Crtamyora 4 hransmission + contnct™® _ by never yector ome. ©, CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS, = produces COMPACT, ONTRA CyMPLASIC INcUASiONS +hat combain glycogen +, ikis jnnibited by surfonampes. & * CHLAMYDIAL URETHRINS. © HmMProGAANULoMA venekeum *POCOP — _— ako CHLAMYDIA (most commen $10) 7 Severe Form of chlamydia = sls gonnorhealike diseorse. =. Formation of BUBOES = groin (swell unkil burst) — DOC: Single doce + AZITHROMYCIN = ToC: DOXY CICLINE BIDx7 days + . DOAYCYCLINE «TRACHOMA = eye ingection ~ = Neading cause of nontroumatic. badness in humans worldwide 7 VOC: TETRACYCLINE + AZITHROMYCIN@ CHLAMYDIA PNEUMONIAE = disease: CAP or “walking preamonia” @. GHemmynia PSITTACI _ ponbirt = diseases. ORNITHOSIS/ PSITTACOSIS - ako PARROT FEVER * ’ smallest free livin orgonisn #9? M YOO PLAS mal Mr Hemme Corre cw) shape: PLEOMORPANG MYCOPLASMA PNEUMONIAE 7 ako EATON AGENT ¢ (7 dx Test: COLD AGGLUTININ TEST CaASES PRIMARY ATYPICAL Pneumonia ® COLO AGGLUTININ TEST “= also known as “walking preumonia”/ ty de test — sis: MLD = MOST LIKELY to be the cause of pneumonia in immunocompetent arent R IC KETTS1A S Citiracetluiy poroste)® fr? Deraining Wednique: GIEWISA'S STAINS =) subpamilies: Rickettsiae, Orientia , Coxiella »y Enslichia © Rickerrsia Ricwersit = inhibit ATP cymhesis ® — disease + ROCKY- MOUNTAIN SPOTTED, FEVER, % COMELLA Burnerst oP — vector: ¥ Dermacentor aka Q FEVER . _ ox Hard tick = transmitted oy inhatid > tx: Doxy. Cipro ) Ricketrsia Prowazecki = Aisease : EPIDENIIC TYPHUS / BRIL-ZINSER'S DISEASE — aka LOUSE BOURNE TYPHUS. = vector: ¥ Pediculus hum anus (Human Body Louse) @ Rickertsia Tren, = inpects wasutar endothelial cells 4 POP — ANSeGst: ENDEMAL TYPHUS — aka MURINE T¥pHus — vector: Y Cheno cephalides (FLEAS) Y Xenosghylla cheopsis (RAT FLEAS) — Doc: DOXYCYCLINE ORIENTA TSUTSUGAMUSHL — disease: SCRUB TIPHUS, - ~ vedves: 7 LEPTOTAOMB DIUM, ( fed,mitess aka CHIGGEAS) > VOC} DOXICY CLINE ie Colonies: FRIED -E46 appearance~ division: MITOS\S ct = Bek.recom: MEOISIS -_ — has CHIOSKELE TON — multiple microtubules © Ee U N Gl (mycorocy) : Ly cell walls: CHITIN mt Ly cell membrane: ERGOSTEROL 4 cM: SABORAUD DEXTROSE (pH=5.6) L, MODES OF FUNGAL GROWTH: 4 MOLDS ~ multicellular 5 long, thin Filaments | SEXUAL: SPORES 2 YEAST - uicellulay Spherical rounded ends; ASEXUAL: BuDeING™ _ & DIMORPHIC FUNGI < ois (depends on seman) * Superriciat mycoses — .© Piepra @.Tiwea wien =. Forms nodules on hair, saagts 7 — BLACK PIEDRA =. Piedraia hortae =. WHITE PiEDRA +. Trichosporon, beigelii @ Matasezzia inrections “Spaghettiand meatbais” aka: PITRIASIS/TINER VEsicouoR, = —. CA: Malassezia, puccur oH KOH Mount :, skins white gatenes or ap-pe* ~/ = Souvce of. food: ont *Curaneous mucoses — © Deamatornyroses = oka: TINER WFECKONS / RINGWORM 20 crieosulia = CR: Dermatophytes * — produce civeular, scaly pat ces sin _#GENERR OF ASCOMYCETES (heratinized cells

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cyrortast < euinorn & extosome, © CYST © @TROPHOZONTE ~ jinactive (dormant) » “ saithve = sesistont aT metatoolie rate = use: suvvival = replicating / veprodnction, stage = Food & HO 6 sot pe motile * Cunssieicaion oF Paoruzon: a ies moTty EXAMPLES Mastigophora Flagella G.lamblia. ae ( Sarcoaina. Pseudopodia | E. hystalytica ~ gh ocns Ciliophora Glia, Balantidium colt = heleckecalls Sposogoa * NONMOTILE | Plasmodium / Toxoplasma. | Gi apicometexa * poop Ay Sie ai & povaritic Forms our ~Sporagony’ ~ ‘Schirogony Parasite Forms owe ~ Sporeztes- - Schizonts 1 NTESTINAL @ Entamoeea: Hystownica — motile: Pseudo podia — disease: AMOE BASIS Casymptoma % TROPHOZOITE sPingestea! snc pout & PRE- CYST FORM, = 2 ude’ : sausage - shaped =f * — CHROMOTNID oe cigar shaped j mee # CYST er emmature # = nas [I 4 nade Giardia - Entamoeoa Ge ie) — DOC: METRONIDAZOLE CFLAGYL) [ teichomonas- Balantidinm) 2 paceniaes | Gostidiuin nyelet_ © Giaroia. Lameua a = disease: GIARDIASIS = ana sa ny | — aka BEAVER FEVER/LENINGRAD'S CuRsee — DIARRHEA oe a — inhabits. the duodenum (GASTROENTERITIS) POP 3 TROPHOZOITES = old man's eyeglasses #/ owl's pace vad @ Barantioyum cou’ a — LARGEST PARASINC PROTWZOAN —, diseage: BALANTID\ASIS = ingeshon oF pig Feces — transmission: ingestion oF pig geces. = reservoir: PES * ~, the only ciliated protozog phylum cili ophora) %* Seyuatty - teansmitted TAIGHOMONAS VAGINALIS = 5 plagellated , undulating membrane” Poq-po — Axosty1E® a F Female is dlagnosed vip — aka TAIcH t veak — — disease: Trichomoniasis ~ symptomatic: FEMALES (red, swollen, prothy / Fishy odoy) = pruritus, burning on urination , copious vagindl secretions — STRAWBERRY CERVIX = Tongue: Scarlet Fever" — DOC: METRONIDAZOLE, 4 a a Broo and ‘Tigewe 4 © TOxoPLasmosis © immuno comproniised= encephalitis a = ingestion of oocysts¥/ cat peces immunocompetent ~ flu-like symptoms CA? Toxoplasma gondii ©ongeni tal -hysrocephalus, encephalitis 7 = VOL: Sulgadiazing + Pyrimetnamine ee = Dingnosis: FLMORESCENT ANTIBODY TEST ceary®™ # Pathoyens which can crost the placenta: nf Ae oO. rR c AoE Ss Zz — . Toxpamg tes, Rubella cmv, Herpes Enh | Sypitis. Zia vias Y Parvovirus (German simplex] vimas Bis” menites) zostew/ VUsteia Hepa ®,Ge@® Matania Ague, Malaria! = mata avia = lpad, oir, = aka AGE, intermittent /marsch Fever, The Fever 6 f s FS = auute infectious, aiseare of the blood — vector: FEMALE. ANOMELES Mos auto si 7 = time : the poried just before a paroxysm * F9°°P Sina : Acute ingections of the blood BLoon (ABC) 5 multiply then releaied ———> ysis ing, RBC ashen inpected 5 See senate targets: sue Pfaucirarum aa a eyti 2-4 week © shour —— 4 hours i how] ——[i2 waa rane a ineubstion peer TEATTAN ‘GuaRTA| = ohA MALARIA muna XCethwgytic— Pie = + enills eto ~ fina nc & Quinine FPrasmovium VVAX. (young) 7 Malaria Awareness Meath — disease: Benign Tertian Malaria = ABC Iyse after 48 hours cp sames pos® oth species form: nyeuozoires* —, blag smears + presence of SCHUFENER DOTS # PAtOP % dotmont forms io — Young RBCs Ss shippling of erythrooytes : ‘he liver . 3 enlarges ROC * Peo? 4 relapsing, malavicn {y important coasidevation *Piasmopium Ovate (yeung) : Jn bead donation — — disease: Qvale |Tertian Malaria. = RRC lyse apter 48 hours = Blood smears: presence of SCHUFENER 00 = Young RBs *PLASMoDIUM MALARIAE. (old) ~ disease: Gwartan Malacia ~ bursts. loose every. 72 outs = causes regular 3-day cyte of signs, & oy — ZIEMANN'S STIPLING — lowest porasite load 5 oid RBCS Plasmonium FALCIPARUM. Lod € young) = disease: Malignant Tertian, Mylaria — RRC busts wore, inegularly, Petween 36-48 bows inne emaree - = blood smears: MBIAER'S cleefs See tUAEMETAMINE) ~ slags and creseat shaped ganctouteet PP = dwg: resistant malaria = = GAMETOCYTES Cbanana-shaped) “auity sete RESISTANCE REVERSING DRUGS : Po + Best time to rind parasites ia tne wloodl + 4. Nerapeanit es Desi pramint = 8. Chlorpheaivanine the. peried just before. paroxysm, POC Crh)» Lumefrantine - Artemether_ © TRYPANOsomiASIS* r — aka SLEEPING sickness, ~~ oo ~* MAmastigote —- rounded eels; not plagelated = = drowsiness , behavioral changes Promastig ote Epimastigote { Flogellated motile gorms — AFRICAN Trypomastigate West Agrican Sleeping Sickness | “Trypanosoma brucei Gambiense..! — tx: Pentamidine . Elornithing = East Agrcan, Sheeping. Sickness yy cus “Trypanosoma brucei thodesiense,"” tx: Suramin Melarsopro 0) _ Vector: GLOSSINA SrEcizS (TSETSE FLY) ™ ~ . -Amencan ~ aka: CHAGAS Disease lmogCHAGA, nga iK\s5 i = cA:, Trypanosoma, cruzi * [fom cruise pora. mo. RED Ka, _ = vector: REDUVIID BUG | KISSING BuG* ~ txt NIFUBTIMOY, a — orm lesions in the HEBAT and DIGESnVE TRACT st pacop Gamble to the West ty the East, ~ @ Leisumaniasis ~ uctor; PHLEBOTOMMS/ SANDELY * = DOC: STIBOGLUCONATE, (Pentavalent Antingnial, Compounds) = = transmitted 49 man by ingestion oF undercooked meat *P9°P "Cutaneous ‘a — aka: ORIENTAL SORE cute ong mga taga = = CR: Leiehmonia tropico, ORIENT ond TROPICS — ulcerating single on multiple skin, sures = Mucocurancous, oF aka: ESPUNIA jineSpada niyo ang @RR50 = Ch: Leishmania viannia brasiliensis jat ilong at woba, = mucosal dermal, junctions of the ndse and. mouth a — aka: KALA AZAR Doi Vice Gonda . mati lig = Ch: Ltisnmania donovani AIAR — t.: AmenotERcIN, B/ SnBUGUACONATE* HELMINTHS — eukaryotes ~— multicellular ~ early stage < fanae = Wicvostopic = adults = macposcoric ® # TRANS MISSION 1. Ingestion of larvae in contaminated food 2, Ingestion of eggs in paces 2 3 Insect bites 4, Diteck stin_ penetvattion RFT # ROLE OF THE IMMUNE sysTEM No veachon fo living worms DEAD wow ond eggs: t Eosinoprius® # REPRODUCTION « Dioecione = Adu nelmintns = one sec = ZedurS 35 mate-eqos 4. Monvecions ~ Herina phrogitic = Ladutt St 4 cuneggs 2 pHyta:* . ©. NEMAKELMINTHS — NEMATODES = toundworns ss ¥ : Remarapes sosdeons SY Paya S ruawoes eer EE Fa ® i Nematoves % INTESTINAL ingestion = wovth > ugg ——> cough hea stomach—>INTESTINE wie’ pect (Grow) TRANS Missio T richuris trichivra Ay scari¢ lumbricoides . E antecobius vermicularis — Strongyloides stercoralis N ecator americanus Tricnendla pialis ingestion oF eggs 7 direth chin penetration, # ingested eneysted larvae in pork meat© Taichuris TrichiuRa - ~ aka WHIPWORT = = disease: Trichuriasis —. eggs +. gogtball shape /barrel-shaped eggs w! pipolar slugs Q — doc: Alpenoazoue / .MEBENDAZOLE > : i inthe stool? ® Ascaris. Lumenicoipes - has mammilloted eggs or the large adult worm inthe stool a ~ oha GIANT/HUMAN RounowoRM. = disease: Ascariasis / Round worm disease = disease oF poverty (iitlconnian ect a = DOC: AIBENDAZOLE /MEBENDAZOLE = expects: 4 fat absorption 7 4 giowth of child 7 @. Enrenoaius Vermicutanis Lactose. intoler ance, en = aka PIN WORM cosmo PaLITAN WORM diarthea — disease: Enterobiosis resnessness intensed (ining _ = diagnosis: PRURITUS ANY. << ghergic caution pacop = diagnostic. two]; SCOTCH, TAPE/CELLOPHANE TAPE memdd + microscore ra — Oc: PYRANTEL PAMOATE — yeitber jay eggs nor deposits (arvae * pacoP ~~ @ STRONGYLOIDES STERCORALIS . 7 aka THREADWORM = ingection starts with larvae * PSP > = diagnosis: ENTERO TEST / STRING TEST — DOC: THIRBENDAZOLE = © Necator. amenicanus™ @ Anojvostoma , puoveNAle™ — aka NEW WORLD HOOKWwoRin — aka OLD WORLD Hoakworm = = + Intestinal hook is ene one ee Basta OLD, Antanda. = clinical pindings: “GROUND Inch 5 Lo erythema ‘wooxworms 7 | Jntonse pruritus severe onemia, ~eqys in the 2-% call shage oO 1s on, degieiency / COOLe/ DEUNK ITCH. of development often appear in the Stoo) a — DOC: ALBENDAZOLE / MBENDAZOLE —@ TRICHINE LA SPIRALIS = VIVIPAROS*POOP = diseace: TRICHINosis / TRICHIASIS/ TRICHIWELLLASIS 7 ~ Aarget: Skeletal muscles. ==. serum oeatining — PREORBITAL EDEMA gamete ~ an WIRRELLULAR PARASTE® —@ CAPIUARIA PHILIPPENENSIS — From northern buzon . ~ effects: Gunghiag stymach | — BAGSAT FISH (Hypseectis bipatita) Aedominal pain = DOC: MEBENDAZOLE Diarchea_ % Bioop ann Tissue © ONcnocerca, volwutus fs . _ — aka RIVER BLINDNESS * . . = disease > Onchocerclasis sid Sa ‘ al: 7 — vector + SIMMLIUM] BLACKFLY ~ targets: SKIN =7 intraepithelial granulomas or " HAivéin Grow” = doc: WERMECTIN * . cquges tropical elephaniiasis @ WucteRenia BANCROFT) . ~7 Pacipic Monde » Aprica Brusia Mavayi* > Southeast Asta, - 7 aka ELEPHANTIASIS ee 7 Gigtase: IMPHATIC FILARIASIS | Nansmission: bite of ingeched gemale mosquitoes eyes © Anertostoma caNINUM = aka DOG HOOK WORT — disease : Cutaneous Harvo migrans ~ oreeping eruption : é 9 = DOC: ALBENDAZLE) IVERMECTINa Tr EMATODES Pas — aka: FLUKES = small > Lom = Flat, 1eap ike worms = has cuticle = outercovering = DOC: PRAZIGQUAN TEL _ b 46a = anhaction = vacuolieatia © Schistosoma MANSONI > Lateral gine — . .ScHISTOSOMA JAPONICUM * Budiccen ScHISTOSOMA HAEMATOBIUM — urinary bladder ., 3 Terminal spine “~ Chem aturia) = aka Blood FLUKES © | occ ralroueee . 7 disease: Schistosomiasis = transmission: direct skin, penetration = — DIOECious. . — intermediate host: SNAILS + baby Fluke: MRACOIA — @ Paraconimus westeamant = aka LUNG PLUKE = disease: Paragonimigsis (mimics TB) = = transmission: eating austacean hosts (crabs) aia Povo Lung, Crass ] intestines: — © Cronorouis sinensis®™ ; | = aka CHINESE/ ORIENTAL uiveR Fue Groner Fish = disease: Clonorchiasis = transmission: eating row Freshwater gict™ salmon) _ @ FAsciouorsis, Buskt : eae Buski — oko GIANT INTESTINAL FLUKE . 7 = Food sources :, water chest mat ~~ © Fasciota HEPATICA = = ako SHEEP LiveR FLUKE/ TEMPERATURE LwWEe PURE ~ hansmission ; eating aquatic vegetation (water cress) Hepa CeessG ESTODES. 2 intestinal potosites whose body consists of Jeqnents called. ~ aka TarPEWwoRMS paoGuoTTios — ribbon-like, seqmented worms, (2 meters) 7 primarily intestinal parasites 7 Doc: PRAZIQUANTEL ALT: NucLosAmupE™ IP ‘ * ©. TRENIA SOLIUM . - aka PORK TRPEWORM - 2-Bmeters - from undercooked HAM TAENIA SAGINATA, - oka BEEF TAPEWORME — 4-6 meters ~ prom STEAK Jy disease TAENLASIS \ itis less serious than pork Fapéworm ‘because. 4 4 can grout as long as 25-30 meters terval invasion does not ocr ia, iF & diagnais:, PROGLOTTIOS ( tice grains) # ® Diryupium cauinum = aka DOG TAPE WORM — DOC: NICLOSAMIPE @ Diewyttogormium LaTum = oka BROAD FISH TAPEWORM = Ab meters 5 QPERCMLpTED EGGS * PACOP * disease: DIPHYLIBOTHRIASIS ( absorbs Byz =r anemia) — Bintermediate hosts: © Crustacean . @ Freshwater push @ HymeNnoversis wana — aka DWARF TAPE WORM = disease: Hymenoleptasis ~ gryallest Japewom that inects amans @ Echinococeus eranurosus ~ aka DOG TAPEWoRM — disease: EcHINo coceosis — transmission: ingesNon of fertilized, ¢qgs — large, HYDATID CYSTS. inthe liver, lung and. brain ‘a ptulds > antigens ANAPHNLAYIS — adult tapeworms with 4 segments * ~ causes HYDAND Disease© VIRUS « ceninepuc: 4 acellular bo structurally very simple Ly VIRION =complete virus partie : 1 VERIODS = AND wsthout potein cook 0 CRPSID 2s » A yitus particle contains : 2 TYPES: 2 MORE ~ genetic material (nucleic acid) -p POMFHEDRAL -, cosAnEDRAL (2 sides) = CAPSID - protein coat *HELUCAL | - red/tube * CARSOMERE ~ unit SENVELOPE. ~. lipid layer capsid ewig capsid NAKED WinUS ENVELOPED VIRUS : i *DNA VIRUS “Pa Pa Ad Pa Po Hele” : \ PAPJLLOMA 5 All ae GSUBIERHanARS ‘except PARVOVIRL DRE P.ARVO = : os ADENO, : “All replicate. in the WMCLRUS, IeOsAHEDRALsymehy PAPOVA/PoromA except, ROXVIRIDAE POX + Wyephicate in cHTOPLASM , BOX ened = 5 Ee ete ok gets HEPADNA FIAT Co, PRE” = All ave gingleyshionded accept REOVIRIDRE FLAVIVIRIDRE CORONA . ASTROVIAIORE. .OaTHomyXO/PARAMYXO * All ane ceiivelep eh except PICORNA . TOGAVIRIDAE . BUNYA AN ave helcal ex vBEO_ CALICIVIRIDAE. _RORNA Tiare, 8 veal PROHA PICORNAWIRIDAE "RHABDO . F ‘HEPE AEOVIRIDAE. FILO f Bs x ASTRO RETROWIRIDAE. "ARENA, * All repliete in She eB. cxcept awe oeDNA VIRUS IENVELOPED) # HERPESVIRIDAE Herpes simplex 1 virus ] = OROFAGIAL weares = StD @ Herpes simplex 2 virus = a Tan TOs et) = GeniTAL, [fora irae wis @ Naricella. zoster VETS apinatoceneed™ = cHsenen FOX Coe: aeysovir wong, Epstein-Barr virus; = Sage KISSING VIRUS a, Lngect si ». Oral naivy Lcuboplalia a it's , @ Cytomegalo Virus HE PADNAVIRIDRE @ Hepatitis ® Virus ~ aka Serum. Hepatitis — disease: HEPA B = transmission: 8L00D ~ lives in all human body Fluids = doc: Lamivudine. Inter cerns. Entecavir Sigect i Only vitus eradicated fom the: = voc: Rejelosir ee or ine °. LARGEST VIRUS; tant enter mucus at = MOST COMPLI POXVIRIDRE = MOSTOMPIE Ean Nariola .- smaurox”. cONTAGIOSUM Vaccinia - cowpox® _ -piakisn, popular kia lesion with an umbilicated yever center muscle pain lymphadenopaity . DOC: Banyjerouir lood = serum ody fluids = sex loGEsT HEPA VIRUS dd ingluence to HEPATITIS D La HERA B: helps replicate by Rims repiication Ly FULMINANT HepATITIS +JG Polyama Virus ~ Nogressive Multipocal Leukoence pholopathy, % PAPOVANIBIDAE, <— « BK Polyoma Vins Human Papillomavins (uPy) — Hemo; — aka WAT VIRUS: = Severn types of warts = PAPLLLOMAS = THES: Genital warts Flat warts ~ pace, knees, elloows Hevied [cre warts > gingers hands; SE Plantar, warts peet #% PARVOWIRIDRE (smallest Wi forvovirus Bid ~ Enpinemna impectiosuny 9 Pop La geenin loabies wl Fed shin Li“ slapped cheek apyeir ance” rthagle cystitis; Nephropathy Condylonata Auminata “CAULIFLOWER APPEARANCE” Ly cewwical camer = HP 16 2 18) Ly Frisk: © senwally achive ED WARTS @ T20ysold © pregnant woman L qearty: RaP- smERR ® HE ADENOVIRIDAE (l serotypes) 7 (oll wong, five) ~ MCC oF sore eyes =, cm: quate gastuentirins, UTY2 RNA Virus —. [ENVELOPED) Ral ~ AdeDRal PRETAO 7 'RANDED ICOSAHEDRAL Eset % FLAYIVIRIDAE® c FLAVIVIRUS © Dengue Fever Virus =e jee dat = aka BREAKBONE FEVER oy o plate = disease: Dengue. Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever = vector: Aedes aegupt™ — Rohoses+ separated by 24 hours of emission = Dol program: 4 9 clock abit ® — = vaccine: CYD- TD (Dengvaxia) 7 \ (Chimeric Yellow Fever Strain MO= Tetavalent Dengue Vacuine 4 only effective 10 patients with previows dengue infection, 4s B dose series : G. months apart G manufactured by: Sanopi Pasteur a » distributor: Zaellig = 4 licenved:: Decetiboer 22, 2015 a @ St.Louis. Encephalitis Virus . = most important yeservoir: WIL BiR0s Hane Pe oS vetor: CULEX mosquitoes cHaaRt) = ELISA CEnzyme~taked immunosorbent © Zika vinus ~ used panel htt ic = Avansmnission: sexual transmission @ WESTERN BLOT TECHNIQUE = vector: Aedes aegypti Sra raeeaiea ees ia CY Q SOUTHERN BLOT TECHNIQUE = asymptomatic mid signs and symptoms MUS EMA aut ALU) HY — MICROCEPHALY = ingection. duving pregnancy — ZIKA VIRUS B GUILLAIN=BABRE SYNDROME = Owtvimmune disease of Ne oervoUs system = = notveatment , only vest avid rehydrate by = 3rd lint depeare x RETROVIAIDAE Amhbadies hii ingecked eel © Lentivirus @ Human 7 bynphotropie Vituses — aka: — HIN-| and HIV-2 400m count: endstuge — HTM, AUR Tandy. ~ fOtgee Ba Tere = aut Tce .ake'o lympho vintses —_entyme: Reyerse Franses ptase.* TOGAVIRIDAE © Rusiviaus, “tigi R bella 7 =, Rubella virus woul, = NAS tpacop ~ aka Gerenan measles ; Sday measles Woecla —, disease: PUBELLA ~ manig POSITIVE, SINGLE. STRAND! % CORONAVIRIDAE @, CORONA VIRUS — infection: Common coLDs @ SARE. vitus* : —.ingection: Severe Auike Respiratory Syndrome = @® MEASCOV 7 — ingection: Middle Bact Respiratory Syndrome Corona Vieus — flishdetected im Saudi Arabia ~ severe Flu. Dent PAI NEGATIVE , SINGLE STRANDED HEWCAL Feito FILO every Year before % ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE @y feeeoton Gfar|ape) INFLUENZA VIRUSES svotcine: Flu Vaccine ~ Ingluema views Type A, * Type Acepidemic) = Antigenic drigt . ~ ake: FLU + Type B (endemic) zepidemio longer 8 minor = causes, Influenza “Type (mild) = Antigenic shift = a pandemic jSudden 2 major ® A(HiN). Views 7 ~, oka SWINE FLU /SWINE INFLUENZA ‘ ~, Hronsmiscion : yespiratory droplets =. ingluenza pandemic in 200% ~ 2010 = @ AC Hg Ni) Vitus® : am ~ aka BIRD FLU. =, Avian ingluemsa : = 14917 in HongKong 7%: Oseltamivic = = dbvcaused ty: ACH Na) — infectious, viral disease of birds ~ 208 In China#® Paramyxoviaioae © Ruaura /mumes viaus * = aka: Ingectious Parctitis | Beke/ Bayook = disease : Mumps Cparctid salivay gland) = complications : OMLHAFIS = inflammation of the testes, F ® MORBILL ViRUS/ MEASLES viaus® e ~ aka: Rubeola Naccine + mmk Wacting = disease: Ineasles (ord measles) mony = diagnoshiy aid: KOPLIK SPOTS® ae we ® Avuavinus,/ wew casrie piscase viaus * = similar to AWSNa 4» Bied Flu, %* RHARDONIAIDAE RABIES WIAMS = wtservoir: DOGS Dog= i days. = fhape: BuLLeT™® F aggressive = capsid ehape : helical * slivation ~ awake, pulminant . gatal encephalitis. hydwahuieia <#ht Retive ~ Nawting =)willdog , cat head > braun =»weeRi bones faxive -, Imauno globulin % FilovinionE EROLA vinus™ = from Fruit Qaté and Monkeys in Aprica ~ formerly known: Ebola, Hemorrhagic Fever = 2014 west Aprica Ebola Oatoveak — Transmission: direct. cwotact w) ingected bodily fluids ~ CM: Hemorrhagic pever — vactine: Drug % ( not yet released by Wa) INAKED ; ‘[Piconwa CALIC # PICORNAVIRIDAE © Entenownus a, POUOVI AUS ® = ala POLIO — muscle paralysis of the, Legs, sereve: Respicatony muses — disease: Polfomyelitis = Kills motor nerve cells ~ conditions: ¥. Arymplomatic ~ prevention: lt). ge associated with fener pe SARIN ~ veathenwated vis. [oedy feyer’s patches Y Yeon praiytic Y tava io induce lasfiag ‘intestinal mucdsal iamust hyb..Coxsackie, Vitus '* COXSACKIE A VIRUS. ~~ hand-foot -mouth disease 7 both causes = lecions in children Menings Eos) — veeguse of unsanitary places * COXSACKIE B viRUS® — vital neart disease * = targets Beta vecep iors @ HEPATOVIRUS ~ ako Hepatitis A J Ingectious Hepatitis - ee — transmission + Feral ‘oval route = source + Stveet Foods @ HUMAN RHINOVIRUS ~ disease: common covos @ APTHOVIRUS — foot and mouth Aveace # CALICINIBIDRE © Norovigus = ok NORWALK VIRUS or “WINTER VOMITING VIRUS” = disease: Epidemic Aste Gastroenteritis = “stomach Flu" cnwise snip 7 @ HEPATITIS E - aka ENTERIC Nonh~son® nepatitis * - = DOUBLE STRANDED, JCOSALIEDAA % REOVIRIDAE, yi = © Rotavirus = yet a ~ vaccine: Rotavirus vocting (before Gmonths) % DELTAWIAIDAE : 7 © Hepatitis 0 virus “aka Delta agent ~ disease + Hepa D — NEGATIVE, SINGLE STRANDED , ENVELOPEDeuLTuRe meni = TSS TOXIN Mannitol salt Agar ~ Sap \ococeus a oe Thayer=Morin [NY =H gonerrhea ‘ae re MAWONKEY AGAR ond gy: inhibits Ach releace a Ree i TETANUS Tovt ba ay oe eae CHocoLATE (L009 AGAR —M- inplvento) a ate L O1STEINE = L prewme pili Z DIPHTHERIA TOXIN, : = destroys the ELowennion FACTUR ay a JENSEN TH. tuberelosis . SHIGELLA TOXIN. FLETCHER: ~Mephr- inkewogans e i (2 te — inhibit GOs ti Vasomes SKIRROU'S AGAR sejunt = auc PASA~ metriicLiLin MBSA VANCOMYCIN, > NIRSA = Lingzowp __ STREPTOWOCCUS PENICLLUWN AMOXICILLIN ENTEROLOCOYS PENCIL | YAN Cony cWN a + SEREPWIMY CIN | GENTAMICIN — BAILS ClPRUELUXACIN — TYPHOID FEVER - Bony] TRENCH FEVER — — @ FEVER - — RABBIT FEVER Z pogo FEVER — PONTIAC FEVER = HELAPSING FEVER = pucmanne reuen/ — - ‘malin FEVER Rocky -mounrAad — sporren Fever VOLLEY FEVER BEAVER FEVER Magee) seem arevt | — Aaue (THE FEVER nas @ C.. DIPPITHERIAE CLOSTRIDIMN PENICILLIN. Copergringens ERA TH ROMYCI ENN CHLL ne meTaun pa © c-digrcle —y. GoyoretEn [couronel] Vancoinycull = tate RADY METROWIOA . CCeptrionone + Paith) ‘ ¢.tetani =e = coteimoxazole PEAT Yea Guinglones werpowioy PRM ee K. pyeumonin€ 10 i ‘i frac" celionone. 1 — Ini peaem 4 cilastetin E.cou & S. misenreriae P Telanas 1G fe Tekanas vo mano cutugy AMTCILLIN + OF Salmonella Typai BRERKBONE FEVER = DeNoEU ( FLAUIUIRUS) Bartonella Guintang SCARLET /RueUmANC] — stREP. NoceNEs Galella Burnett pua- ever Francisella tularensis: PEWRAL Chldimydicl psittaci Saeae sae\n Legionella previnophilian Fea sles Borrelia cecarrentis Rotavirus Vaanicells Live, atten uated paucellosis R. RIGKETSIT CocelDr ages immin . LAMBHA MALARIA,