4.2 Reactions of Acids QP
4.2 Reactions of Acids QP
4.2 Reactions of Acids QP
com
Q1.
This question is about acids and alkalis.
H+ OH– O2–
(1)
Decomposition
Electrolysis
Neutralisation
Redox
(1)
(c) Balance the equation for the reaction between sulfuric acid and potassium
hydroxide.
1 4 7 14
(1)
A student does a titration to find the volume of sulfuric acid that reacts with 25
cm3 of potassium hydroxide solution.
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Which piece of equipment could the student use to measure the 25 cm3 of
potassium hydroxide solution more accurately?
Beaker
Evaporating basin
Pipette
Test tube
(1)
(f) Describe how the student would use the equipment in the figure above to
complete the titration.
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(5)
(Total 10 marks)
Q2.
This question is about metal carbonates.
Figure 1
Figure 2
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_______________ cm3
(1)
Figure 3
You should:
• calculate the values of the change in y and the change in x
• calculate the gradient of the line of best fit.
Change in y =
____________________________________________________ cm3
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Change in x =
______________________________________________________ g
Gradient
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(4)
Hydrochloric acid
Nitric acid
Sulfuric acid
(1)
(d) The reaction between copper carbonate and the acid produced a gas.
Carbon dioxide
Chlorine
Hydrogen
Oxygen
(1)
A different student produced a pure, dry sample of copper chloride using the
same reaction.
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To evaporate acid
To evaporate water
(1)
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(1)
(Total 9 marks)
Q3.
This question is about salts.
(a) Name the salt produced by the neutralisation of hydrochloric acid with
potassium hydroxide.
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(1)
(b) Write an ionic equation for the neutralisation of hydrochloric acid with
potassium hydroxide.
(c) Soluble salts can be produced by reacting dilute hydrochloric acid with an
insoluble solid.
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Step 2 ____________________________________________________
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Step 5 ____________________________________________________
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Step 6 _____________________________________________________
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(3)
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___________________________________________________________
(1)
2 Fe + 3 Cl2 → 2 FeCl3
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Q4.
This question is about acids.
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(1)
(1)
1. Measure 25.0 cm3 of the sodium hydroxide solution into a conical flask
using a 25.0 cm3 pipette.
3. Fill a burette with the 0.0480 mol/dm3 ethanedioic acid solution to the 0.00
cm3 mark.
4. Add the ethanedioic acid solution to the sodium hydroxide solution until
the indicator changes colour.
5. Read the burette to find the volume of the ethanedioic acid solution used.
(c) Suggest two improvements to the method that would increase the
accuracy of the result.
1 _________________________________________________________
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___________________________________________________________
2 _________________________________________________________
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(2)
Calculate the mass of ethanedioic acid (H2C2O4) needed to make 250 cm3
of a solution with concentration 0.0480 mol/dm3
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Mass = _______________g
(2)
(e) The student found that 25.0 cm3 of the sodium hydroxide solution was
neutralised by 15.00 cm3 of the 0.0480 mol/dm3 ethanedioic acid solution.
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Q5.
This question is about acids, bases and salts.
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(a) Which acid should the student use to produce zinc nitrate?
Hydrochloric acid
Nitric acid
Sulfuric acid
(1)
(b) Which is a base the student could use to produce zinc nitrate?
Zinc chloride
Zinc oxide
Zinc sulfate
(1)
___________________________________________________________
(1)
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(d) Describe how the pH of the mixture changes as sodium hydroxide solution
is added to hydrochloric acid.
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(3)
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(e) What volume of sodium hydroxide solution is needed to neutralise 25.0 cm3
of hydrochloric acid?
Figure 1
Colour = _______________
(1)
(g) The student used a pipette to measure 25.0 cm3 of hydrochloric acid.
Figure 2
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(h) Give one advantage of using a pipette rather than using a measuring
cylinder to measure the volume of hydrochloric acid.
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(1)
(Total 11 marks)
Q6.
This question is about acids and alkalis.
H+
H−
O2−
OH−
(1)
(b) Calcium hydroxide solution reacts with an acid to form calcium chloride.
A student investigates the volume of sodium hydroxide solution that reacts with
25.0 cm3 of dilute sulfuric acid.
Figure 1
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___________________________________________________________
(1)
___________________________cm3
(1)
(e) The higher the concentration of a sample of dilute sulfuric acid, the greater
the volume of sodium hydroxide needed to neutralise the acid.
Describe how the student could use titrations to find which sample, P or Q,
is more concentrated.
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(6)
(Total 11 marks)
Q7.
Soluble salts are formed by reacting metal oxides with acids.
(a) Give one other type of substance that can react with an acid to form a
soluble salt.
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(1)
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(1)
(c) Describe a method to make pure, dry crystals of magnesium sulfate from a
metal oxide and a dilute acid.
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(6)
(Total 8 marks)
Q8.
This question is about acids and alkalis.
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(2)
pH = ___________________
(1)
A student titrated 25.0 cm3 portions of dilute sulfuric acid with a 0.105 mol/dm3
sodium hydroxide solution.
Volume of
sodium
hydroxide 23.50 21.10 22.10 22.15 22.15
solution in
cm3
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(d) Explain why the student should use a pipette to measure the dilute sulfuric
acid and a burette to measure the sodium hydroxide solution.
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(2)
(e) Calculate the mass of sodium hydroxide in 30.0 cm3 of a 0.105 mol/dm3
solution.
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Q9.
This question is about metal oxides.
_______ Na + O2 ⟶ 2 Na2O
(1)
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(1)
Green
Purple
Red
Yellow
(1)
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Aluminium chloride
Aluminium nitrate
Aluminium sulfate
Aluminium sulfide
(1)
A student investigates the solubility of four metal oxides and four non-metal
oxides in water.
(e) Explain why the student’s conclusions are only partly correct.
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(4)
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(2)
(Total 9 marks)
Q10.
Sodium hydroxide reacts with hydrochloric acid.
The diagram shows apparatus that can be used to find the volume of sodium
hydroxide reacting with 25.0 cm 3 hydrochloric acid.
(a) Describe a method to find the exact volume of sodium hydroxide that
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A student wants to obtain sodium chloride crystals from the sodium chloride
solution.
1. Add solid charcoal to the sodium chloride solution to remove the indicator
colour.
2. Remove the solid charcoal.
3. Evaporate the solution to dryness over a Bunsen burner.
Suggest a method the student could use to remove the solid charcoal in
Step 2.
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(1)
Suggest how the student could improve Step 3 of the method to obtain
larger crystals instead of powder.
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(1)
(Total 8 marks)
Q11.
A scientist produces zinc iodide (ZnI2).
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(1)
(b) Explain why the scientist adds excess zinc rather than excess iodine.
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(3)
(c) Calculate the minimum mass of zinc that needs to be added to 0.500 g of
iodine so that the iodine fully reacts.
Zn + I2 ⟶ ZnI2
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(d) What is the maximum theoretical mass of zinc iodide produced in this
reaction?
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(e) Suggest one reason why the percentage yield in this reaction is not 100%.
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(1)
Calculate the mass of zinc iodide (ZnI2) required to make 250 cm3 of this
solution.
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Mass = ____________________ g
(3)
(Total 14 marks)
Q12.
Citric acid is a weak acid.
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(2)
Refer to the acid, the alkali and the indicator in your answer.
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(3)
(c) Explain why a pipette is used to measure the sodium hydroxide solution
but a burette is used to measure the citric acid solution
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(2)
Volume of
citric acid
13.50 12.10 11.10 12.15 12.15
solution in
cm3
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Q13.
Lithium carbonate reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid.
Figure 1
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Figure 2
0.0 0
0.1 22
0.2 44
0.3 50
0.4 88
0.5 96
0.6 96
0.7 96
On Figure 3:
• Plot these results on the grid.
• Complete the graph by drawing two straight lines of best fit.
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Figure 3
(4)
(c) What are two possible reasons for the anomalous result?
(2)
(d) Describe the pattern the graph shows up to 0.4 g of lithium carbonate
added.
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(2)
Figure 4
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(1)
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(1)
(Total 11 marks)
Q14.
A student investigated the reaction of copper carbonate with dilute sulfuric acid.
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(b) Why did the balance reading decrease during the reaction?
(1)
(c) Describe a safe method for making pure crystals of copper sulfate from
copper carbonate and dilute sulfuric acid. Use the information in the figure
above to help you.
In your method you should name all of the apparatus you will use.
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(6)
The equation for the reaction of copper carbonate and sulfuric acid is:
Calculate the percentage atom economy for making copper sulfate from
copper carbonate.
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(e) Give one reason why is it important for the percentage atom economy of a
reaction to be as high as possible.
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(1)
(Total 13 marks)
Q15.
A student investigated the reactions of copper carbonate and copper oxide with
dilute hydrochloric acid.
(a) Describe how a sample of copper chloride crystals could be made from
copper carbonate and dilute hydrochloric acid.
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(4)
Calculate the mass of copper carbonate the student should react with
dilute hydrochloric acid to make 11.0 g of copper chloride.
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Reactive formula masses: CuO = 79.5; HCl = 36.5; CuCl2 = 134.5; H2O =
18
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(1)
(Total 14 marks)
Q16.
Sodium carbonate reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid:
(a) The student set up the apparatus as shown in the figure below.
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Identify the error in the way the student set up the apparatus.
Describe what would happen if the student used the apparatus shown.
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(2)
0.07 16.0
0.12 27.5
0.23 52.0
0.29 12.5
0.34 77.0
0.54 95.0
0.59 95.0
0.65 95.0
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(1)
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(c) Why does the volume of carbon dioxide collected stop increasing at 95.0
cm3?
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(1)
(d) What further work could the student do to be more certain about the
minimum mass of sodium carbonate needed to produce 95.0 cm3 of carbon
dioxide?
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(1)
(e) The carbon dioxide was collected at room temperature and pressure.
The volume of one mole of any gas at room temperature and pressure is
24.0 dm3.
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________________________________________ mol
(2)
(f) Suggest one improvement that could be made to the apparatus used that
would give more accurate results.
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(2)
(g) One student said that the results of the experiment were wrong because
the first few bubbles of gas collected were air.
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(2)
(Total 11 marks)
Q17.
Sodium hydroxide neutralises sulfuric acid.
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(2)
(b) Write the ionic equation for this neutralisation reaction. Include state
symbols.
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(2)
(c) A student used a pipette to add 25.0 cm3 of sodium hydroxide of unknown
concentration to a conical flask.
The student carried out a titration to find out the volume of 0.100 mol / dm3
sulfuric acid needed to neutralise the sodium hydroxide.
You should name a suitable indicator and give the colour change that
would be seen.
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(4)
(d) The student carried out five titrations. Her results are shown in the table
below.
Volume of
0.100 mol / 27.40 28.15 27.05 27.15 27.15
dm3 sulfuric
acid in cm3
Use the student’s concordant results to work out the mean volume of 0.100
mol / dm3 sulfuric acid added.
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(f) The student did another experiment using 20 cm3 of sodium hydroxide
solution with a concentration of 0.18 mol / dm3.
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Mass = ________________ g
(2)
(Total 16 marks)
Q18.
Marble chips are mainly calcium carbonate (CaCO3).
Figure 1
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(a) Complete and balance the equation for the reaction between marble chips
and hydrochloric acid.
Volume of
Time
gas
in s
in dm3
0 0.000
30 0.030
60 0.046
90 0.052
120 0.065
150 0.070
180 0.076
210 0.079
240 0.080
270 0.080
On Figure 2:
Figure 2
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(4)
(c) Sketch a line on the grid in Figure 2 to show the results you would expect
if the experiment was repeated using 20 g of smaller marble chips.
(d) Explain, in terms of particles, how and why the rate of reaction changes
during the reaction of calcium carbonate with hydrochloric acid.
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(4)
(e) Another student investigated the rate of reaction by measuring the change
in mass.
Figure 3
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Use Figure 3 to calculate the mean rate of the reaction up to the time the
reaction is complete.
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Q19.
In this question you will be assessed on using good English, organising
information clearly and using specialist terms where appropriate.
A student has to check if two samples of hydrochloric acid, A and B, are the
same concentration.
Describe how the student could use the apparatus and the solutions in the
diagram below to carry out titrations.
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(Total 6 marks)
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