Work Done

(a) By a constant force

F 40 N
1. A block of mass 2 kg is pulled upwards by a force F = 40 N as shown in figure. Block is
displaced by 2 m. Find work done by the applied force and also due to the force of gravity on
the block. (Take g 10m/s*)
=

2 kg
2. A block is displaced from (Im, 4m, óm) to (2i +3j-4k )m under a constant force

F (6i -2j+ k)N. Find the work done by this force.

3. Thesystem shown in figure is released from massless and

rest. String is
pulley is
smooth. Find
(a) the work done by gravity on 4 kg block in 2s,
(b) the work done by string on I kg block in the same interval of time. 1 kg
(Take g = 10m/s*)
4 kg
4. A block of mass 2.5 kg is pushed 2.20 m along a frictionless horizontal table
by a
constant 16 N force directed 45° above the horizontal. Determine the
work done by:
(a) the applied force,
(b) the normal force exerted by the table,
(c) the force of gravity and
(d) determine the total work done on the block.
5. A block of mass 2 kg is released from rest on a
rough inclined ground as
shown in figure. Find the work done on the block by
(a) gravity,
(b) force of friction. 2 K9
/
when the block is displaced downwards along the plane by 2 m.
(Take g = 10 m/s*) 60
(b) By a variable force
6. A block is constrained to move along r-axis under a lorce 2.Here, F is in newlon andx in mctrc.
Find the work done by this loree when the block is displaccd lromr 2 m lox 4 m.

7. A block is constrained to (x0). IIerc, F is in newton and r

move along v-axis under a lorce F

in metre. Find the work done by this force when the block is displaced from r-4m tor =2m.

c) By area under F-x graph

8. A particle is subjected to a foree F, that varies with position Fx (N)
as shown in figure. Find the work done by the force on the
4
body as it moves :
(a) from x = 10.0m to x = 5.0nm, 3

(b) fromr=5.0m to x = 10.0m, 2

(c) from x =10.0 m to x =15.0 m,

x (m)
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 1
(d) what is the total work done by the force over the distance
r =0to x =15.0 m ?
Fr (N)
A child force F parallel to the x-axis to a block
9. applies a

moving on a horizontal surface. As the child controls the

2
with
speed of the block, the x-component of the force varies
the x-coordinate of the block as shown in figure. Calculate the 1 2 3 4 x (m)

work done by the force F when the block moves :

(a) from x=0to r =3.0m

(6) fromx=3.0m to x =4.Om
(C) fromx=4.0m toX= 7.0m
(d) fromx=0to x = 7.0m

Conservative Force Field and Potential Energy

10. The potential energy of a two particle system separated by

a distance r is given by U(r)=where A is a

constant. F,, that each particle exerts on the other.

Find the radial force
that nmoves along ther-axis. The potential energy is
11. A single conservative force F, acts on a 2 kg particle
given by
U= (x-4) -16
6.0 kinetic energy of particle is 8 J. Find:
Here, x is in metre and U in joule. At x m
=

(a) total mechanical energy

(6) maximum kinetic energy

(c) values of x between which particle moves

(d) the equation of F, as a function ofx.

(e) the value of x at which F, is zero.
Kinetic Energy and Work-Energy Theorem
12. Momentum of a particle is increased by 50%. By how much percentage kinetic energy of particle
will increase ?
13. Kinetic energy ofa particle is increased by 1%. By how much percentage monmentum ofthe particle
will increase ?
14. Displacement ofa particle ofmass 2 kg varies with time as : s = (21-21+10) m. Find total work
done on the particle in a time interval from 7 = 0 to t = 2 s.

15. A block of mass 30 kg is being brought down by a chain. If the block acquires a speed of 40 cm/s in
dropping down 2 m. Find the work done by the chain during the process. (g = 10 m/s*)

16. An object of mass 5 kg falls from rest through a vertical distance of 20 m and reaches a velocity of
10 m/s. How much work is done by the push ofthe air on the object ? (g = 10m/s*)

17. A 1.5 kg block is initially at rest on a horizontal frictionless surface when a horizontal force in the

positive direction of x-axis is applied to the block. The foree is given by F (x) = (2.5 -x)jiN,

where x is in metre and the initial position ofthe block isx =0.
(a) What is the kinetic energy ofthe block as it passes through x = 2.0m?

(b) What is the maximum kinetic energy ofthe block between x =0 and x =2.0 m?
18. A helicopter lifts a 72 kg astronaut 15 m vertically from the ocean by means of a cable. The
acceleration ofthe astronaut is g/10. How much work is done on the astronaut by (g =9.8 m/s*)

(a) the force from the helicopter and

(b) the gravitational force on her ?
(c) What are the kinetic energy and
(d)speed of the astronaut just before she reaches the helicopter ?
the

Mechanical Energy
(a) Without friction (when mechanical energy is conserved)
19. A 4 kg block is on a smooth horizontal table. The block is 4 4 kg
connected to a second block of mass 1 kg by a massless flexible
taut cord that passes over a frictionless pulley. The 1 kg block is 1
m above the floor. The two blocks are released from rest. With
1 1kg 1m
what speed does the 1 kg block hit the ground?

20. Block A has a weight of 300 N and block B has a weight of 50 N. Determine the distance that A must
descend from rest before it obtains a speed of 2.5 m/s. Neglect the mass of the cord and pulleys.

B
A
21. A sphere of mass m held at a height 2R between a wedge of same mass m and a rigid wall, is released
from rest. Assuming that all the surfaces are frictionless. Find the speed of both the bodies when the
sphere hits the ground.

R
m-

m 2R

22. The system is released from rest with the spring initially stretched 75 mm. Calculate the velocity
oftheblock after it has dropped 12 mm. The spring has a stiffhess of 105O N/m. Neglect the mass of
the small pulley.

45 kg

(b) With friction (when mechanical energy does not remain conserved)
23. Consider the situation shown in figure. The system is released from rest and the block of mass 1 kg is
found to have a speed 0.3 m/s after it has descended through a distance of I m. Find the coeflicient of
kinetic friction between the block and the table.

4.0 kg

1.0kg
24. A disc of mass 50 g slides with zero initial velocity down an inclined plane set at an angle 30° to the
horizontal. Having traversed a distance of 50 cm along the horizontal plane, the disc stops. Find the work
perfomed by the friction forces over the whole distance, assuming the friction coefficient 0.15 for both
inclined and horizontal planes. (g =10m/s*)

25. BlockA has a weight of 300 N and block B has a weight of 50 N. If the
coefficient of kinetic friction between the incline and block A is
HA =0.2.Detemine the speed A after it moves I m down the
of block
plane, starting from rest. Neglect the mass of the cord and pulleys.
26. Figure shows, a 3.5 kg block accelerated by a compressed spring whose spring constant is 640 Nm
After leaving the spring at the spring's relaxed length, the block travels overa horizontal surface, with
7.8 before stopping. (g = 98 m/s *)
coefficient of kinetic friction of 0.25, for a distance of
m

-www
No friction 7.8m

block-floor system?
(a) What is the increase in the thermal energy of the ?
the block
(b) What is the maximum kinetic energy of before the block begins to move ?
(c) Through what distance is the spring compressed
connected by an ideal string as shown in
the figure. The
27. Two masses m =10 kg and m, =5 kg are
0.2. Assuming that the system is released from
coefficient of friction between m and the surface is u
=

has descended by 4 m. (g 10m/s )

=

rest. Calculate the velocity of blocks when m,

Three Types of Equilibrium

28. For the potenti-' energy curve shown in figure.
U

C 6 8
x (m)
2

D
E
D andE.
(a) Determine whether the force Fis positive, negative or zero at the five points 4, B, C,
(b) Indicate points of stable, unstable and neutral equilibrium.
29. Potential energy ofa particle moving along x-axis is given by

U= 4x +6
Here, Uis in joule and x in metre. Find position of stable and unstable equilibrium.
30. Force acting on a particle moving along x-axis is as shown in figure. Find points of stable and unstable
equilibrium.
31. TwO point charges + qand t qare fixed at ( , 0, 0) anda,0, 0). A third point charge s a 5 1n.
ate whether its equilibrium is stable, unstable or neutral il it is slightly displaced
F

(a) along x-axis. (b) along y-axis.

Power
32. A block of mass 1 kg starts moving with constant acceleration a=4 m/s*. Find:
(a) average power ofthe net force in a time interval from = 0 to f =2s,
(b) instantaneous power of the net force at = 4 s.
resistance r. Find the
33. An engine working at a constant power P draws a load of mass m against a

maximum speed of the load and the time taken to attain half this speed.

Objective Questions (Level 1)

Single Correct Option
1. Identify, which of the following energies can be positive only
(a) kinetic energy (b) potential energy
(d) both kinetic and mechanical energies
(c) mechanical energy
2. The total work done on a particle is equal to the change in its kinetic energy
(a) always
the body are conservative
(b) only if the force acting on
(c) only in the inertial frame
force is acting
(d) only if no extermal
static friction
3. Work done by force of (d) All of these
can be positive
(b) can be negative (c) can be zero
(a)
Work done when a force F=(i
+2j +3k) N acting on a partricle takes it from the point
4
=(+- + 2K)is
= (+ +K)to the point r, (C) zero (d)2J
(a)-3J
(b)-1J
X=> m under the intluence of a force given by
A particle moves along the x-axis Irom x =0 to
is
F=7-2x+ 3xThe work done in the process
(b) 85 J (c) 185 J (d) 135 J
(a) 360 J