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AGRICULTURAL CROPS PRODUCTION NC II

Quarter 2 – LAS Week 6

Plant Propagation Techniques
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 LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET
AGRICULTURAL CROPS PRODUCTION NC II
SECOND QUARTER
GRADE 11 – LAS Week 6

PLANT PROPAGATION TECHNIQUES

Introduction
Plant propagation is the process of increasing the number of plants of a
particular species or cultivar. Propagation can be via sexual or asexual means. Over
the years, horticulturalists have developed asexual propagation methods that use
vegetative plant parts. This allows plants to be created in ways that nature cannot
duplicate.

1. Identify different plant propagation techniques;

2. Perform plant propagation techniques; and
3. Appreciate and practice the different concept of plant propagation techniques.

Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answers on a separate
sheet of paper.

1. What do we call the process of multiplication or reproduction of plants?

A. Fermentation
B. Fertilization
C. Photosynthesis
D. Propagation

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2. What process of plant propagation that uses seeds?
A. Asexual
B. Dicot
C. Monocot
D. Sexual

3. How does a seed being develop?

A. It is used as planting material.
B. It is composed of embryo and stored food.
C. It is a ripened ovule developed after fertilization.
D. It is a material which is capable to reproduce plants.

4. What plant propagation technique that uses leaves?

A. Asexual
B. Budding
C. Cuttings
D. Grafting

5. What plant propagation is considered as an old and easy method?

A. Asexual
B. Dicot
C. Monocot
D. Sexual

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Processing Questions:
1. Have you ever read your Bible at home?
2. How will you interpret this verse into a real-life situation?
3. Have you tried planting seeds?
4. What were your observations?
5. Was it successful? Yes or No?
6. What were your feelings about it?

Plant propagation, in simple words, may be defined as multiplication or

reproduction of plants. Commercialization of crops leads to the development of various
techniques and procedures of plant propagation. Each technique has its own merits
and demerits. Each plant responds differently to different methods of propagation.
Various techniques of propagation have been developed with the objective to have
uniformity in crops, early bearing, increased production, resistance against pests and
diseases, and introduce certain characters in new generation. These objectives have
made plant propagation interesting and challenging.
Propagation of plant is the involvement of science and art in a skillful way. Basic
knowledge and skill of it can be a better source of income through commercial nurseries.
It helps in maintaining the plant stock and preserving endangered (extinct) species.

Plants can be propagated by sexual and asexual means. Sexual means includes
propagation by seeds, while asexual propagation is based on the utilization of vegetative
parts of plants for raising new ones. Vegetative parts of plants like shoots, leaves, roots,
stem, buds and underground parts are used in different ways for reproducing new
plants. The most common asexual propagation methods include cutting, layering,
grafting and budding, which need specialized skill and are done differently in different
plants.

Growing of tissues in controlled conditions is an advance and recent method of

vegetative propagation. It is known as ‘tissue culture’. It is a highly specialized technique
of propagation. By using this technique, a large number of true-to-type virus-free
saplings can be produced in a short span.

What is a seed?
A seed is a ripened ovule developed after
fertilization. It consists of an ‘embryo’ and stored
food material,
Types both of which are enclosed in a
of Propagation
special covering known as ‘seed coat’. Plants
Sexual propagation
germinate from seeds when they are provided with
favorable growing conditions. 4
 Propagation or multiplication of plants by seeds is known as ‘sexual propagation’.
Seeds are formed as a result of successful fertilization and combination of parental
gametes. It is an old and easy method and is widely used for the propagation of crops
like ornamental annuals, vegetables, medicinal and fruit plants, such as papaya.

Merits of sexual propagation

• Plants propagated by seeds live longer, are vigorous and more resistant to biotic
(insect-pests and diseases) and abiotic stresses (environmental conditions).
• It is an easy, simple and convenient method of plant propagation.
• Some plants like papaya, marigold, chili, capsicum, tomato, etc., cannot be
propagated by asexual method.
• It is the only means of creating genetic diversity of plants.
• New varieties and cultivars of ornamental and vegetable crops can be developed only
by this method.
• A large number of rootstocks for budding and grafting purpose is also raised by this
method.
• Seeds can be transported easily and stored for a longer time using this method.

Demerits of sexual propagation

• Sexually propagated plants show variations and are not genetically true-to-type to
the mother plants.
• Plants that are propagated through seeds have long gestation period, which results
in delayed flowering and fruiting.
• Plants grow vigorously and cause obstruction in intercultural practices like harvesting
and spraying.
• Advantages offered by rootstocks and scion as in asexual propagation cannot be
exploited through sexual method.
• Crop species, which do not produce seeds like pineapple, banana, strawberry, fig,
jasmine, hibiscus, bougainvillea, etc., cannot multiply by this method.

Asexual propagation

It is also called ‘vegetative propagation’. The vegetative parts of a plant like leaf,
stem, root or their modified forms are used for propagation. Most of the horticultural
crops are commercially propagated by vegetative or asexual method of propagation.

Merits of asexual propagation

• Many fruit and ornamental plants that do not produce seeds are multiplied by this
method.
• Plants propagated by asexual propagation are true-to-type genetically.
• By top working (using budding and grafting), old and economically low productive
fruit plants can be converted into superior ones.
• Advantages offered by rootstocks and scion can be exploited through asexual method.
• Maturity is uniform and the plant gives quality yield.

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• Plants propagated by asexual method are small in size, so spraying of chemicals and
harvesting are easy.
• This method enables noble plant production, e.g., different colours of flowers in a
single rose plant and different types of mangoes in one mango plant can be produced
through asexual method only.

Demerits of asexual propagation

• By vegetative propagation, new varieties cannot be developed.

• It requires specialized skills, so it is an expensive method of propagation.
• The life span of asexually propagated plants is short as compared to sexually
propagated ones.
• These plants are more prone to biotic and abiotic stresses.

Types of Asexual Plant Propagation

BUDDING

This is a grafting technique in which a single bud from the desired scion is used rather
than an entire scion containing many buds.

STEPS:
1. Preparing the rootstock. Potted seedlings are widely used as rootstocks.
However, they should be at least 0.8cm and up to 1.5cm in diameter.
Established trees can also be used.

2. Preparing the bud–scion. This consists of a prominent axillary bud. This

serves as the growing point of the plant. This is also termed as a bud patch,
chip, and shield piece or single–bud scions.

STEP 1: STEP 2: STEP 3: STEP 5: STEP 6:

Bud sticks are small branches that have multiple numbers of nodes that
contains the buds. These are from vigorous, disease–free mother plants
having desirable characteristics.

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3. Insertion of the prepared bud-scion into the rootstock. Cut the bark of the
rootstock. Insert the scion bud into the bark but make sure that the scion
bud is oriented upward.

4. Tying or wrapping. Tie the stem–bud union using a plastic wrap leaving the
growing point exposed. The plastic wrap must be removed 15 days after or
at the time that the wound has healed. There are various ready-to-use
wrapping materials. A specialized wrapping strip made of rubber expands as
the rootstock grows and naturally deteriorates after several weeks. But for
practical usage, a thin, transparent polypropylene (PP) plastic bag can be cut
into strips about 2-3 cm wide. These plastic strips have to be elastic and do
not easily break when stretched.

5. Cut back of the rootstock. With a use of pruning shear or sharp knife cut
the rootstock at the part of the stem closely above the union to prevent apical
dominance.

A new shoot will emerge from

the growing point on the
inserted scion which will then
grow into a new plant.

Cut back is done when it certain

that there is union between the
rootstock and the scion this
may take 15 days or more. The
inserted scion will remain green
or otherwise brownish
depending on the natural color
of the bud stick. If union is not
successful, it will turn black
and rot.

6. Care of clones. This involves activities

performed This involves activities
performed to the rapid growth of
budded plants. This also includes the
removal of offshoots that may emerge
from the stem below the union. This is
done to ensure that the propagated
plants will only exhibit the
characteristics of the scion. Likewise,
the wrapping materials that take time
to deteriorate, like PP plastic strips,
must be removed at the earliest time
possible to prevent strangling of the
scion.
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 CUTTINGS

A cutting is a vegetative plant part which is detached from the parent plant in order
to regenerate itself, thereby forming a whole new plant.

Stem Cuttings

Stem cuttings of some woody plants root better if taken in the fall or in the dormant
season.

Tip Cuttings

Remove a 2 to 6 inches piece of stem, including the terminal bud and make to cut
just below a node. Remove lower leaves that would touch or be below the medium.
If necessary, dip the stem in rooting hormone. Make a hole in the rooting medium
and insert the plant cutting deeply enough into the soil media to support itself.

Cedial cuttings (stem-section cuttings)

Make the first cut just above a node, and the second cut just below a node, 2 to 6
inches down the stem. Prepare and insert the cutting in the rooting medium. Make
sure that the nodes are in upward position.

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 AIR LAYERING

Air layering is an effective propagation method for some plants that do not
root readily from cuttings and which often lack low-growing shoots.

STEPS:
1. Choose a one to two–year–old stem that is straight, healthy and vigorous. Trim
off side shoots and leaves from a 30cm (1ft) section.
2. Scrape off the bark of the stem. The length of the scrape should at least be equal
to the diameter of the branch/ stem.
3. Rooting hormone can be applied on the surface of the wound.
4. Wrap the wound with a moist sphagnum moss to a thickness of 7.5-10cm or
soil and cover it with black plastic, sealing it with weather-proof adhesive tape.
5. Leave the wrapping in place for up to a year. Check it occasionally for signs of
rooting.

6. When strong new roots are visible through the moss, remove the plastic sleeve.
Cut through the stem just below the rooted section.
7. Pot up the rooted stem in potting compost suitable for the plant in question.
Do not attempt to remove the moss from the roots. Water, label and grow on
until large enough to plant outside.

MOUND (STOOL) LAYERING

Mound (or stool) layering is suitable for heavy-stemmed trees with tight branches.
In the spring, the stems of a young tree are cut about 15 cm (6 inches) above the
trunk, which will result in the sprouting of plenty of new buds. The following
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 spring, soil is mounded over the young shoots growing from the buds in order for
roots to develop.

Cut the plant back to 1 inch above the soil surface in the dormant season. Dormant
buds will produce new shoots in the spring. Mound soil over the new shoots as they
grow.

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Activity 1: MATCHING TYPE

Direction: Match column A with column B. Write the letter of the correct answer in
your activity notebook.

COLUMN A COLUMN B
1. It is the process of multiplication or reproduction A. Vegetative
of plants. Propagation
2. This technique includes propagation by seeds. B. Seed
3. It is a process of controlling the conditions of C. Papaya
growing tissues.
4. It is a ripened ovule developed after fertilization. D. Cutting
5. It is a counter term for asexual propagation. E. Scion
6. It is one of the propagation techniques which the F. Tissue culture
plant part will be detached from the parent plant.
7. This consists of a prominent axillary bud. G. Plant propagation
8. This plant cannot be propagated by asexual H. Lemon
technique.
9. It is a small branch that have multiple numbers of I. Layering
nodes.
10. This technique is suitable for heavy-stemmed trees J. Mound
with tight branches.
K. Sexual
L. Bud stick

Activity 2: MAKE ME A LIST!

Direction: Please fill in the table with necessary data needed. Visit your garden and
list some plants that need to be propagated. Write your answer in your
activity notebook.

Name of Plant Recommended Specific Plant Parts to be

Propagation Technique propagated
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

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Activity 3: PERFROMANCE TASK

Direction: Visit your backyard garden, perform the grafting technique of propagation.
Please follow the activities to be done for within thirty (30) days. Write a
narrative report of your observations on your activity notebook. Your
output will be rated based on the following rubrics.

Title of Activity: Demonstrate grafting.

Material required: Rootstock, scion, grafting knife, grafting tape, etc.
Selection of material
• The scion must be taken from the terminal shoot of current season growth with
3–5 buds.
• The scion shoot is defoliated about two weeks ahead of separation from the
mother plant.
Procedure
• Raise the rootstock of the required plant in a poly bag.
• Select 4 to 5-month old suitable rootstock and cut the terminal portion (head
back).
• A sharp vertical straight downward cut of 3–5 cm is given at the center of the
stem.
• Two slanting cuts of the same length (3−5 cm), as in the rootstock, are given on
the scion shoot at the opposite side towards the base.
• Insert the scion in a way that it matches the cambium layer at least on one side
with the stock.
• Tie the grafted portion firmly with a polythene tape.
• After successful union, the terminal buds of the scion begin to sprout.
• Loosen or remove the polythene tape to allow the shoot to grow normally.
• Stake the newly grafted plant.

RUBRICS:
Category 4 3 2 1
1. Materials All materials Almost all Most of the Materials are
used in the materials of materials to be not evident.
activity are
the activity are used are present.
complete. complete.
2. Procedure Procedures areProcedures are Procedures are Procedures do
listed on clear
listed in a listed but are not clearly state
steps. logical order difficult to follow. the steps.
but not clearly
stated.
3. Components All required All required One required Several required
of Reports elements are elements are element is elements are
present with present. missing, but missing.
an additional additional
input added to elements are
the report. added to the
report.
TOTAL

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Multiple Choice: Write the letter only of correct answer on your activity notebook.

1. What propagation technique is also known as “vegetative propagation”?

A. Asexual
B. Dicot
C. Monocot
D. Sexual

2. What is the main purpose of plant propagation?

A. Decomposition
B. Fermentation
C. Fertilization
D. Reproduction

3. Which is true about sexual propagation?

A. It utilizes leaf for propagation.
B. It utilizes seed for propagation.
C. It utilizes stem for propagation.
D. It utilizes roots for propagation.

4. Which of the following plants can be propagated through grafting?

A. Chili
B. Lemon
C. Papaya
D. Tomato

5. Which of the following statement is true about asexual propagation?

A. It is the only means of creating genetic diversity of plants.
B. It is an easy, simple and convenient method of plant propagation.
C. Plants propagated by asexual propagation are true-to-type genetically.
D. It requires specialized skills, so it is an expensive method of propagation.

6. What step in budding technique where the bark of the rootstock will be cut?
A. Care of clones.
B. Preparing the rootstock.
C. Cut back of the rootstock.
D. Insertion of the prepared bud-scion into the rootstock.

7. Which of the following cutting techniques that utilizes the stem of the plant
including the terminal bud?
A. Cedial cuttings
B. Leaf cuttings
C. Stem cuttings
D. Tip cuttings

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8. In air layering technique, what is the first step in doing the process?
A. Prepare the stem.
B. Wrap with plastic and tape ends tightly.
C. Pack damp moss over girdled area and tie.
D. Soak Sphagnum moss and squeeze out excess water.

9. When you do the grafting technique, what will be the first thing you will consider
before doing so?
A. Tying or wrapping
B. Prepare the rootstock
C. Prepare the bud-scion
D. Cut back of the rootstock

10. After tying a plastic wrapper to the stem-bud union, how many days will it took
before removing the wrap?
A. 10 days
B. 15 days
C. 20 days
D. 25 days

10.B 10.J
9. B 9. L
8. A 8. C
7. D 7. E
6. D 6. D
5. C 5. A D 5.
4. B 4. B C 4.
3. B 3. F C 3.
2. D vary vary 2. K D 2.
1. A Answers may Answers may 1. G D 1.
Task List!
Performance 14
Make Me A Matching Type
Post Test Activity 3 Activity 2 Activity 1 Pre-test
IX. References
https://ncert.nic.in/vocational/pdf/kegr103.pdf
https://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/resources/1662-vegetative-plant-propagation
https://ati.da.gov.ph/ati-car/sites/default/files/PLANT_PROPAGATION.pdf

Prepared by: RAQUEL B. GARRIDO

SHST - III
Bucto National High School
Checked by:

LOTA B. BAUTISTA
Principal

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