Senior High School

Community Engagement,
Solidarity, and Citizenship

Quarter 3 - Module 1
Appreciating the Community Dynamics
and Community Action
Community Engagement, Solidarity, and Citizenship – Grade 12
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – Module 1: Appreciating the Community Dynamics and Community Action
First Edition, 2021

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Published by the Department of Education- Region III

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones

Undersecretary : Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer/Illustrator/Layout Artist/Editors:
Eleonor A. De Jesus
Leilani M. Mendoza
Mary Jane S. Dimailig
Ma. Lina C. Gunita

Content Evaluator : Estelita S. Cristobal

Gabbi C. Antonio
Language Evaluator : Jovie Clemente
Reinel L. Morelos
Layout Evaluator : Reynosa A. Angeles
Jennifer B. Francisco
Management Team : Gregorio C. Quinto Jr., EdD
Rainelda M. Blanco, PhD
Agnes R. Bernardo, PhD
Virgilio L. Laggui, PhD
Glenda S. Constantino
Joannarie C. Garcia

Printed in the Philippines by _________________________

Department of Education—Schools Division of Bulacan

Office Address: Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resource Management and Development System (LRMDS)
Capitol Compound, Guinhawa St., City of Malolos, Bulacan

Email address: [email protected]

 Senior High School

Community Engagement,
Solidarity, and Citizenship

Quarter 3 - Module 1
Appreciating the Community Dynamics
and Community Action
Introductory Message

This Self-Learning Module (SLM)/ Alternative Delivery Mode Module is prepared so that
you, dear learners, can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions,
directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each
lesson.

Each SLM / ADM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-step as
you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM / ADM.
This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you need to ask
your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the lesson. At the
end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check you’re learning. Answer
keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teachers are also provided to our
facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can best help you on your
home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of this SLM.
Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercise and tests. Read the instructions
carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM /ADM or any difficulty in answering the tasks in
this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.
 What I Need to Know

This module helps you to appreciate the community dynamics and community
action.

At the end of this module, you are expected to:

• identify sociological and ecological definition of community;
• differentiate the elements and types of community; and
• show the importance of understanding community dynamics and community
actions in relation to applied social sciences and the learner’s future career
options.

What I Know

Pre-Assessment
Directions: Read the statements carefully. Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. It is a social unit with commonality such as norms, religion, values, customs or identity.
a. Boundaries c. Influence
b. Community d. Globalization

2. It is considered as a city that is heavily populated with many different kinds of people.
a. Rural c. Urban
b. Suburban d. Solidarity

3. It refers to wide variety of homes where most people live.

a. Rural c. Urban
b. Suburban d. Solidarity

4. It is separately settled places away from the influences of large cities and towns.
a. Rural c. Urban
b. Suburban d. Solidarity

5. It is a community of people who share the same interest or passion.

a. Community of Action c. Community of Place
b. Community of Interest d. Community of Practice

6. It is a community of people trying to bring about change.

a. Community of Action c. Community of Place
b. Community of Interest d. Community of Practice

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7. It is a community of people brought together by geographic boundaries.
a. Community of action c. Community of Place
b. Community of Interest d. Community of Practice

8. It is a community of people in the same profession or those who undertake the same
activities.
a. Community of action c. Community of Place
b. Community of Interest d. Community of Practice

9. It refers to the change and development involved in a community that includes all forms
of living organisms.
a. Community of action c. Community of Place
b Community of Interest d. Community of Practice

10. It gives valuable insight into how people feel about the place they live in and can shape
decisions about which services are offered in particular neighborhoods.
a. Community of action c. Community of Place
b. Community of Interest d. Community of Practice

11. What concept refers to a bond of unity between individuals, unified around a common
good or against a common enemy, such as the unifying principle that defines the labor
movement?
a. Solidarity c. Sense of community
b. Social groupings d. Community

12. How do people become a good member of a community?

a. No sense of belongingness
b. Outcast themselves in community
c. Set boundaries in their community
d. Have sense of belonging and identification

13. Which of the following is not true in an urban community?

a. It is more inclusive than a rural community.
b. People from nearby rural areas also identify urban community as their alternative
locality.
c. At the center of an urban community lies a medium-sized or large size city.
d. People are more diverse in a rural community than in an urban community.

14. Which of the following does not happen when there is a substantial increase in size and
density of a community’s population?
a. Anonymity decreases.
b. There are more impersonal and formally prescribed relationships.
c. Homogeneity is not likely to happen in the community.
d. There is more complex division of labor.

15. What is the meaning of system phenomenon or sense of community?

a. One-way community to the members
b. Both ways
c. One-way members to the community
d. All of the above

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 What’s In

Activity: Choose the Word

Directions: Choose three words inside the box and be able to give your insights about the
words that you have chosen. Write your answer in a separate sheet of paper.

ACTIONS BELONGINGNESS CAMARADERIE ENGAGEMENT

FACT LOVE OPINION RAPPORT RESPECT
SOCIETY STRUCTURE TEAM UNITY

1. _____________________________________________________________________
2. _____________________________________________________________________
3. _____________________________________________________________________

What’s New

Guess the Missing Letters

Directions: Look at the picture below. Write the missing letters in the box and answer the
question below.

K I D H A T D

Based on the picture, write three (3) sentences that show its relation to the concept
of community.
________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

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 What is It

Sociological Definition of Community

It is one of the most elusive and vague in sociology and is by now largely without
specific meaning. At the minimum, it refers to a collection of people in a geographical area.
It is considered collectively where the members of which share a common territorial
area as their base of operation for daily activities. It served as a social unit (a group of living
things) with commonality such as norms, religion, values, customs, or identity.
Communities may share a sense of place situated in a given geographical area (for
example, a country, village, town, or neighborhood) or in virtual space through communica-
tion platforms.

Ecological Definition of Community

In ecology, a community is a group or association of populations of two or more

different species occupying the same geographical area and in a particular time, also
known as a biocoenosis. The term community has a variety of uses.

Characteristics of a Community
1. Territory
2. Close and informal relationships
3. Mutuality
4. Common values and beliefs
5. Organized interaction
6. Strong group feeling
7. Cultural similarity

Different Types of Communities

1. Urban
It is considered as a city; it is a heavily populated with many different kinds of
people. An urban community has tall buildings like condominium, malls and apartment
buildings people live in apartments and brownstones more than houses with front and
backyards.

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 It has many modes of transportation like cars, buses, subway, trains, ferry
boats and helicopters.
It has many types of businesses that offer goods and services like restaurants,
apparel shops, drug stores, amusement parks, movie theatres, sports arenas commer-
cial malls and etc.
Urban community is something which an individual thought as, an area with
high density of population, an area with the availability of basic requirements, an area of
good resources, the area has lots of opportunity of employment and such an area which
can be considered as life-giving for luxurious desires of human or individual.
2. Suburban / Residential
It is where most people live. It is wide variety of homes (examples, houses,
town houses and apartment buildings). These areas often have sidewalks, single paved
roads and driveways. Bus stops, schools and places of worship are often within walking
distance.
3. Rural
It is separately settled places away from the influences of large cities and
towns. Areas are distinct from more intensively settled urban and sub-urban areas and
also from unsettled lands or wilderness, such a forest.
Rural areas can have an agricultural character, though many rural areas are
characterized by an economy based on cottage, industry mining, oil and gas explora-
tion, or tourisms.

Elements of Community

1. Wholeness incorporating diversity

2. A shared culture
3. Good internal communication
4. Caring, trust, and teamwork
5. Group maintenance and governance
6. Participation and shared leadership tasks
7. Development of young people (or new members)
8. Communities may be thought of as collections of people with a particular social
structure
9. A sense of belonging or community spirit.
10. All the daily activities of a community, work and non-work, take place within the
geographical area, which is self-contained.

Different Types of Communities

1. Community of Interest- Communities of people who share the same interest or

passion.
2. Community of Action - Communities of people trying to bring about change.
3. Community of Place- Communities of people brought together by geographic
boundaries.
4. Community of Practice- Communities of people in the same profession or
undertake the same activities.

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 5. Community of Circumstance—it is similar to community practice, except that it is
driven by position, circumstance or life experiences rather that a shared interest..

Importance of Understanding Community Dynamics and Community Action

Community Dynamics

It is the change and development

involved in a community that includes all
forms of living organisms.
It is applying to any changes
taking place within a group. Such
improvements can be made by collective
action. Community shifts arise when
decision makers or members take
action.
Such activities relate to the
creation or advancement of goods,
services and policies that specifically
support a particular community. Factors
such as the needs of the society, the
interests of the citizens and the
Community Leaders Action availability of resources have been
addressed in the process.
The Community dynamics and collective intervention fall under the umbrella
of economics because they are highly dependent on human resources [the labor
force]. Those are mentioned, but it is fair to suggest that economics plays a critical role in
the understanding of community dynamics through collective action.
The Community Dynamics data gives valuable insight into how people feel
about the place they live in and can shape decisions about which services are offered in
particular neighborhoods.

Community Action

It is putting communities as the

center of the services development and
services delivery. This initiative aims to
cater the primary needs of the
communities before implementing it. In
such way, community action will help
the community dynamics or the degree
of improvement of the community.
It is important to understand
these two because these will propel the
success and stability of the
communities. They go hand in hand and
are proportionally related. It is any
activity that increases the
understanding, engagement and Community Engagement and Empowerment
empowerment of communities in the

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design and delivery of local services. Community action includes a broad range of activities
and is sometimes described as 'social action' or 'community engagement'.

Community Dynamics and Community Action in

Relation to Applied Social Sciences

Sociology, Anthropology, Political Sciences and Social Psychology have the

most developed history in the social sciences, but thinking has fluctuated over time, with
debates about the usefulness of the term itself and concerns about shifts from contained
geographical locations where kinship ties keep people together, through to the symbolic
ties, community dynamics and actions that bind them and more recently to the interest ties
that bring people together even if geographically distant.

Disciplines and Fields

In understanding the contributions
of disciplines and fields within the social
sciences, the disciplines have supplied
concepts, while the fields generally offer
meanings derived from the disciplines in
their applied work. We considered five
disciplines: anthropology, geography,
cultural studies, social psychology and
sociology.
Anthropology is the key social
science discipline for understanding
community. The implications of this were
to downplay the importance of face-to-
face interaction and to emphasize the
centrality of community of interest, in
which community functions simply as a
referent.
Where, anthropology has stressed the centrality of meanings, we might also point to
feelings in common, as conceptualized within Social Psychology and how those are
generated by actions in common across a range of interrelated fields – which stress the
centrality of a feeling of belonging, exclusion, the possibility of going on being.
From Sociological conceptualizations, we learn about the centrality of two
well-known American concepts – social capital and communitarianism. Conversely,
Geography tends to adapt its notions of community from other disciplines, particularly
sociology and anthropology.
One of the most important distinctions made is between community as an object
and community as action, activity, process. The former is most obvious in sociological work,
especially Political Science , Socio Capital and communitarianism, whereas community
as activity and process is much more common within anthropology and social psychology.
Reason to Start a Future Career in Community Service
Community service is a growth career, in more ways than one: there’s growth for
jobs, growth for clients, and personal growth for those who work in the sector. Community
services deliver much-needed help when it comes to providing emergency housing, food

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relief, counseling, health clinics, child care services, care, ad other services that all affect
the community’s most vulnerable.
A career in community services can be challenging at times, but it can also be
hugely fulfilling. If you’re the kind of person who is passionate about social justice, has an
optimistic and patient nature, and is determined to help people enact positive changes in
their lives, then a career in community services might be an excellent fit for you.
Community Services is a rewarding career.
1. Make a real difference in people’s lives
Working in community services, you will have an impact on the welfare of vulnerable
people. Every single day you make a difference to the quality of people’s lives. Your ac-
tions help those who are struggling the most to build better lives, and to give them for a
brighter future.
2. Job variety: one qualification, lots of roles
Unlike a lot of other job sectors, community services give employees a huge
selection of client areas to work in. This means that as you move throughout your
career, you can continue to grow and progress until you find your perfect niche.
Client areas in the community services sector include:
A. Aged care
B. Disability services
C. Indigenous and multicultural support
D. Asylum seekers and refugee services
E. Mental health and counseling
F. Child protection
G. Family services
H. Schools
I. Emergency relief
J. Youth justice
K. Housing and community development

3. Watch people grow

With your help, advice, advocacy, and support, your clients will grow. You can help
them live fuller lives. Things may take time to change,
and the results of your hard work may not be immediately obvious. But that you’re
helping someone to improve their quality of life.
4. Advocate for the rights of people who can’t fight for themselves
As a community services worker, you are a superhero. You take on and fight for the
rights of your clients, who often are people that can’t fight for themselves. Going in to bat
for your clients, you tackle the social, legal and economic barriers that trap people
and keep them in at-risk situations. By using your voice, influences and connections,
you can fight for others’ rights.
5. There’s room to move and build a career
There are dozens of different roles that come under the community services
banner, ensuring that employees have plenty of room to move and expand their skill set.

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 Just some of the roles out there include:
A. Case Worker
B. Crisis Intervention Worker
C. Community Services Manager
D. Program Coordinator
E. Support Case Worker
F. Team Manager
G. Advocate
H. Counselor
I. Community Development Officer
J. Child Protection Officer
K. Welfare /Social Worker
L. Community Care Coordinator
M. Women’s and Children Center Program Supervisor

6. It’s a growth area

Community Services has continued to grow in relation to demand over the past
few years. Predictions are set for the number of employees to continue rising, which
means there will be plenty of job

7. Work in not-for-profit, government or private sectors

Community Service Workers have the ability to work in all three of these sectors.
Each sector comes with its own perks and benefits, so workers can pick which sector
benefits them the most, and delivers the most job satisfaction.

8. Work in regional and remote areas, as well as cities

Community service workers are needed nationwide, in big and small cities, regional
towns, as well as rural and remote locations.

9. Flexible working hours

Some community services roles will be 24/7. This means you can find a job that fits
around your schedule, and you can work the hours

10. Personal growth

Giving back to society provides you with a sense of satisfaction, and makes you feel
good about yourself. Meanwhile, the interesting challenges involved in the career push
you to grow as a person, and the relationships you develop as you assist and guide
people make you a more empathetic, understanding and emotionally intelligent person.

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 What’s More

Independent Activity 1—Jumbled Letters

Directions: Rearrange the jumbled letters to form a new word. Write your answer on a
separate paper.

1. N A B R U 1.

2. R W G O T H 2.

3. V A T E I R P 3.

4. S E C I V R E S 4.

5. Y T I N M M O C U 5.

Independent Assessment 1—Fact or Opinion

Directions: Classify the phrase / sentence below. Write A if the phrase / sentence
connotes a Fact and B if the phrase /sentence expresses an Opinion.

A. FACT B. OPINION

_____1. It is the change and development involved in a community that includes all forms
of living organisms.
_____2. Anthropology is the key social science discipline for understanding community.
_____3. The implications of this were to downplay the importance of face-to-face interac-
tion and must be emphasize the centrality of community of interest, in which
community functions simply as a referent.
_____4. A community is a group or association of populations of two or more different
species occupying the same geographical area and in a particular time, also
known as a biocoenosis.
_____5. Every single day you make a difference to the quality of people’s lives.
_____6. Your actions help those who are struggling the most to build better lives, and to
give them hope for a brighter future.
_____7. It is a collectivity the members of which share a common territorial area as
their base of operation for daily activities.
_____8.The Community dynamics and collective intervention fall under the
umbrella of economics because they are highly dependent on human resources.
_____9. It is fair to suggest that economics plays a critical role in the understanding of
community dynamics through collective action.
_____10. As a community services worker, you are a superhero.

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Independent Activity 2– Fill-up the Table
Directions: Using the ideas that you have learned, list down the different elements of
community and its characteristics inside the box. Write your answer on separate
sheet of paper.

No. Elements of Community Characteristics

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

Independent Assessment 2—Matching Type

Directions: Match column A with column B. Write the letter of your answer on separate
sheets of paper.

Column A Column B
______1. It refers to a collection of people A. Anthropology
in geographical areas. B. Urban
______2. It is similar to a community practice. C. Rural
______3. It is an area distinct from more D. Sub-urban
intensively settled urban and E. Community
sub-urban areas. F. Community of Circumstances
______4. It increases the understanding, G. Community Action
engagement and empowerment of H. Community Dynamics
communities in the design and I. Community Interest
delivery of local services. J. Community Place
. communities in the design and
delivery of local services.
______5. It gives valuable insights into how
people feel about the place they
live in.
______6. It is a community of people who
share the same interest or passion.
______7. It is wide variety of homes.
______8. It is a community of people brought
together by geographic boundaries.
______9. It is something which in individual
thoughts as, an area with high density
of population.
______10. It is the key social science discipline for
understanding community.

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Independent Activity 3 -Venn Diagram
Directions: Using Venn Diagram, show the similarities and differences between
community dynamics and community action. Use a separate sheet in
answering.

Community Community
Dynamics Action

Similarities

Independent Assessment 3—Poster Making

Directions: Inside the box, make a personal commitment to show the importance of
understanding community dynamics and community actions in relation to
applied social sciences and for your future career option. Create a poster
showing the actions that you can do to uphold community linkages in your
community. Write your answer on separate sheet of paper

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 What I Have Learned

Directions: Perform the following task by completing the phrase below.

Community is one of the most elusive and vague in sociology and is by now largely
without specific meaning. At the minimum it _____________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________.
The importance of understanding community dynamics and community actions in
relation to applied social sciences ____________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

What I Can Do

Directions: Create a spoken poetry (3-5 minutes) to show the importance of understanding
community dynamics and community actions in relation to applied social
sciences and the learner’s future career options. Use a separate sheet in
answering.

Assessment

Directions: Read the statement carefully. Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. It is a manifestation of a collaborative group and ownership of a situation that generally

has an effect on them.
a. Community c. Issue
b. Communism d. Solidarity

2. It is a group of people living in the same place or having a particular characteristic in

common.
a. Community c. Issue
b. Communism d. Solidarity

3. It is the community dimension that deals about the way and means of production and
allocation of scare and useful goods.
a. Aesthetics value c. Economics
b. Belief-conceptual d. Political

4. It is the community dimension that deals about what is right and wrong.
a. Aesthetics value c. Economics
b. Belief-conceptual d. Political

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5. It is the community dimensions that deals about the various ways and means of
allocating power, power, influence and decision making.
a. Aesthetics value c. Economics
b. Belief-conceptual d. Political

6. This is the feeling of belongingness or sharing a sense of relatedness.

a. Influence c. Membership
b. Integration d. Shared emotional connection

7. The experience from long lasting, emotional connection among members.

a. Influence c. Membership
b. Integration d. Shared emotional connection

8. It is a group or association of population of two or more different species occupying

the same geographical area and in a particular time.
a. Boundaries c. Influence
b. Community d. Globalization

9. It delivers much needed help when it comes to providing emergency housing, food relief,
counseling, health clinics, child care, services, aged care, and other services that all
affect the community’s most vulnerable.
a. Community hotline c. Community circumstances
b. Community interest d. Community service

10. It is aims to cater the primary needs of the communities before implementing it.
a. Community action c. Community of interest
b. Community dynamics d. Community of Practice

11. Membership is the feeling of belongingness and of sharing a sense of personal

relatedness. Which attributes does not under this factor?
a. Boundaries c. Emotional safety
b. Influence d. Common symbol

12. Which of the following means that the members offer contribution and sacrifices to
enhance their sense of community?
a. Boundaries c. Personal Community
b. Emotional safety d. Sense of belonging and identification

13. Which of the following refers to any activity that increases the understanding
engagement and empowerment of communities in the design and delivery of local
services?
a. Community action c. Community of interest
b. Community dynamics d. Community of Practice

14. Which of the following refers to social and spatial formation of social organization into
small groups?
a. Social movement c. Influence of globalization
b. Cultural studies and anthropology d. Sociologist and geography

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15. Which of the following is not true in the elements of communities?
a. Communities may be thought of collection of people with particular in social
structure
b. A sense of belonging or community spirit
c. All the daily activities of a community, work and non-work take place within the
geographical area which is self-contained.
d. Homogeneity is not likely to happen in the community.

Additional Activity

Activity - Me and My Community

Situation: You are the elected SSG President in your school, you are tasked to provide
programs and activities that can help your community. As a president, how can you
promote the safety health protocol campaign to your community amidst the COVID-19
pandemic. Write down your plans and advocacies that will make a change in our society.
Use separate sheet in answering.

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 16
Assessment ( Pretest )
B 2. C 3. C 4. A 5. B 6. A 7. C 8.D 9. B 10. B 11-13. D 14. C
What’s New
KINDHEARTED
What’s More
Independent Activity 1- Jumbled Letters
Urban 2. Growth 3. Private 4. Services 5. Community
Independent Activity 2
Directions: Fill -Up the Table
No Elements of Community
.
1. Wholeness incorporating diversity
2. A shared culture
3. Good internal communication
4. Caring, trust, and teamwork
5. Group maintenance and governance
6. Participation and shared leadership
7. Development of young people
8. Communities may be taught of as collections of people w/ a particular social structure.
9. A sense of belonging community spirit
10. All the daily activities of a community work and non- work, take place w/in the geographical area w/c
is self-contained.
What I Know Independent Activity 3 -Venn Diagram Assessment ( Posttest )
Rubrics for Venn Diagram 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. D 6. C 7. D 8. B 9. D 10] )
(please the appendices ) 11. A 12. D 13. B 14. A 15. D
Independent Assessment 3- Poster Making
Rubrics for Poster Making
(Please the appendices(
Answer Key
References
A. Books / SLMs

Abella, Roberto D., Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person, pages 76-91,
Department of Education
Francisco Jennifer B., Community Engagement Solidarity and Citizenship (CSC),
Evaluating Community Action Initiatives, Self- Learning Kit - Department of Education
A Compendium of Daily Lesson Plans in Community Engagement, Solidarity and
Citizenship, Department of Education, Region III
A Compendium of Daily Resource Materials in Community Engagement, Solidarity and
Citizenship, Department of Education, Region III
Understanding Culture, Society and Politics, pages 5-12, 19-20, 66-80, Department of
Education

B. Electronic Sources

https://commons.deped.gov.ph/categories/5af127c0-53d2-4c5e-9a76-f25b61f1d734
https://www.gov.ph/web/integrated-government-philippines-program/policies/signed/
memorandum-circular-gwhs/annex-c-government-website-template-design-gwtd-guidelines
https://dict.gov.ph/government-websites-to-support-common-look-and-feel/
https://www.gov.ph/philippine-government

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Appendices

Rubrics for Poster Making

Criteria Rating
The poster clearly conveys the information. 5 4 3 2 1

The poster shows effective use of technique 5 4 3 2 1

and good choice of material.
The poster is creative and artistic. 5 4 3 2 1

Rubrics for Essay Marks

Content: Convincing, Relevant, Specific, Perceptive 5
Point of View: Clear, Consistent, Appropriate in Approach 3
Essay Organization: Logical, Coherent, Unified, Suitable to purpose, 5
Orderly development to an effect or conclusion
Language Use and Style 5

Sentence Structure: Skillful use of a variety of sentence pattern

Style: Interesting, Original, Expression suited to content, Flow

Mechanics: Correctness in punctuations, spelling and grammar 2

Total 20

Rubrics in Venn Diagram

Criteria Rating
The content and ideas are clear and 5 4 3 2 1
comprehensive
The conclusions made are supported by sufficient 5 4 3 2 1
data and clear.
The work is original and does not contain plagiarized 5 4 3 2 1
content.

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 For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education, Schools Division of Bulacan
Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resource Management and Development System (LRMDS)
Capitol Compound, Guinhawa St., City of Malolos, Bulacan
Email address: [email protected]