reasonable. In this case, we have two sources—one supplies 5 A, and the other supplies 3 A. There are no other sources, independent or dependent. Thus, we would not expect to find any current in the circuit in excess of 8 A. 3.1 Count the number of branches and nodes in the circuit in Fig. 3.4. If i, = 3 A and the 18 V source delivers 8 A of current, what is the value of R4? (Hint: You need Ohm’s law as well as KCL.) 13A @ FIGURE 3.4 Ans: 5 branches, 3 nodes, 18.3.2 Determine i, and v, in the circuit of Fig. 3.7. Ans: v, = —4V; i, = —400 mA. FIGURE 3.73.3 For the circuit of Fig. 3.9, determine (a) Ug2 and (b) V2, if Ug; = 1 V. @ FIGURE 3.9 Ans: (a) 4 V; (b) —8 V.3.4 Determine v, in the circuit of Fig. 3.11. 2A 20 @ FIGURE 3.11 Ans: vy = 12.8 V.a ee ee ee © “All f the elements in acre that aeons J Coenen aces ee Stoes eevee tor connect in seis, sancute 312 ip Asejetapstetioe ary equal ements but they cen d Pipi 3.120 shows a spl cecn ‘wo resistors. Each terminal, connecting hve reo tessance:lgtherthey ct gram in ig 3.12 Both bates ae ‘any internal existancs they may have eget. Te vo restore ase We sek the cient song each e met, andthe power absorbed by each {Sri the assumption of reference dr ‘Rowe aitesetresi artis Abitaiy et ws select clockwise eu (SUcanetncspen ()Gectowvasge terminal ofthe vlage source oe the et ‘tw ag bent ‘ov label a tat pint nthe cic ‘sppicaionot Kischol’curent ew more a tht hs sere cument nt flow through every ater element nthe crc we emphasize thi fact thisone ume by placing several ter current symbols abot he ce ‘Oursecondscpin he amalysisisachoiceofte voltage reference orcach ‘ofthe tworessors The pasivenign coaenton egress cu Teatand voltage variables be defined so thal he cureatenersthe eal at twhchthe posite vollage reletenceocte. Since wealeady abit) Selected ihe current ieton, vy andy are definedasin Fig 3.12: “The third wep isthe application of Kirehof'svltage lw tthe only loved path. Lat us decide to move around the circuit in the clockwise ‘ieton, Beginning athe lower lft comer, and t write down ditty ‘every volage st et i piive reference, and to writ down Ie eps tive of every vole enountored the neptive terminal Ths, men -ten tsa + om ta ‘Wethon apply Ohm's wf th eit ements Subs ng io, [6] yes mt +R vat Re =O Since ithe oly wkaown, we id that Rake “The voltage or power sscite with any element may now be obi by applying v= Bl p= vi, p= PRFIGURE 3.14 A simple loop cieut Psa = (8S) = 960W LSS 3.6 In the circuit of Fig. 3.14, find the power absorbed by each of the five elements in the circuit. ‘Ans: (CW from left) 0.768 W, 1:92 W, 0.2048 W, 0.1792 W, =3.072 W. In the preceding example and practice problem, we were asked to compu the power absorbed by each element of a circuit. Itis difficult to think ot situation, however, in which all of the absorbed power quantities of a circ would be positive, for the simple reason that the energy must come fro somewhere, Thus, from simple conservation of energy, we expect that f sum of the absorbed power for each element of a circuit should be zero.3.7 Determine v in the circuit of Fig. 3.16. FIGURE 3.16 Ans: 50 V.3.8 For the single-node-pair circuit of Fig. 3.18, find i, ig, andic. “aT al soa(f) % 18.0. O.1e, 90 q 24 @ FIGURE 3.18 Ans: 3 A; —5.4A;6A.ee e—EEEE eee 3.9 Determine the current i in the circuit of Fig. 3.21 after first replac- ing the four sources with a single equivalent source. 470 WW to) . svG) a €}-—-wv @ FIGURE 3.21 Ov Ans: —54A.3.10 Determine the voltage v in the circuit of Fig. 3.23 after first replacing the three sources with a single equivalent source. FIGURE 3.23 Ans: 50 V.SS 3.11 Determine whether the circuit of Fig. 3.25 violates either of Kirchhoff’s laws. VO) 3A re @ FIGURE 3.25 Ans: No. If the resistor were removed, however, the resulting circuit would.BERAGTICE 3.12 Determine i in the circuit of Fig. 3.28. SNS Os ele QHw—w sO v@ 502 AWW @ FIGURE 3.28 Ans: —333 mA.3.13 Determine v in the circuit of Fig. 3.30 by first combining the three current sources, and then the two 10 Q resistors. '@ FIGURE 3.30 Ans: 50 V.3.14 For the circuit of Fig. 3.32, calculate the voltage v,. @ FIGURE 3.32 Ans: 2.819 V.3.15 Use voltage division to determine v, in the circuit of Fig. 3.36. FIGURE 3.36 Ans: 2 V.3.16 In the circuit of Fig. 3.39, use resistance combination methods and current division to find 1, i2, and v3. i 8 — e 120 mA, CG) 25 FIGURE 3.39 Ans: 100 mA; 50 mA; 0.8 V.