ey AIRs - LM in Reading and Writing Skills Module 2 a DepEDReading and Writing Skills Module 2 First Edition, 2021 Copyright © 2021 La Union Schools Division Region I All rights reserved. No part of this module may be reproduced in any form without written permission from the copyright owners. Development Team of the Module Author: Veronica F. Vargas Editor: SDO La Union, Learning Resource Quality Assurance Team Illustrator: Ernesto F. Ramos Jr., PIT Management Team: Atty. Donato D. Balderas, Jr. Schools Division Superintendent Vivian Luz S. Pagatpatan, Ph.D Assistant Schools Division Superintendent German E. Flora, Ph.D, CID Chief Virgilio C. Boado, Ph.D, EPS in Charge of LRMS Belen C. Aquino, EPS in Charge of English Michael Jason D. Morales, PDO II Claire P. Toluyen, Librarian ITTarget From your waking up in the morning until your bedtime; from your readings, viewings, talking and all other sorts of activities, you meet situations that make you think deeply. Examples of that are the selection of food for breakfast, the clothes to wear, and the program to watch. The occurrence of the coronavirus pandemic has created fears among many people. Social media bring us tons of information about it that adversely affected our way of thinking. It is for this reason that you have to consider learning the skills to think and read critically because it is too dangerous to just believe in what you read or hear. ‘The previous lesson taught you how to evaluate written texts based on their properties. Your knowledge of how texts are formed and organized will help you identify and analyze the implicit and explicit information in the texts of our next lesson. Content Standard ‘The learner realizes that information in a written text may be selected and organized for a particular purpose. Performance Standard ‘The learner critiques a chosen sample of each pattern of development focusing on information selection, organization, and development. Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC} 1, Identify claims explicitly or implicitly made in a written text a. Claim of fact b. Claim of policy c. Claim of value 2. Identify the context in which a text was developed a. Hypertext b, IntertextExplicit and Implicit Information Pre-Test A. Study the picture. Afterward, read carefully the written information that follows. Based on the picture, which of the given information are explicit and which are implicit? Write your answer for each item on a bond paper. The Making of the Philippine Flag by Fernando Amorsolo ‘The Philippine flag was sewn by three women. The three women are skilled Filipina sewers. It took several days for the flag to be made. Each sewer had a part of the flag to work on. ‘There is a dominant star at the center of the triangle of the flag. yaene By this time, it is expected that you are done with your answers on the explicit and implicit information based on the picture or painting. But before we proceed to another text, check first your work using the key answer at the end page of this material. B. Now, let us consider another text type. Read carefully the boxed text below. I want our people to grow and be like the molave, strong and resilient, rising on the hillside, unafraid of the raging flood, the lightning, or the storm, confident of its strength. If we have the will to survive and the will to achieve social efficiency, we cannot delay this task of spiritual regeneration. Let us begin to mold the typical Filipino. - “The Policies and Achievements of the Government and Regeneration of the Filipino “by Manuel L. QuezonBased on the boxed paragraph, identify which of the information below are explicit and implicit. 1, Manuel L. Quezon wanted the Filipino to be strong and resilient. 2. Molave grows strong even after a storm. 3. ‘The delay of Filipino spiritual regeneration is due to unwillingness. 4. Quezon urged the Filipinos to change. 5. To hasten social change, Filipinos have to be confident of their strength. Check your work by referring to the key answers at the end of this material. After doing the two activities, what do you understand about explicit and implicit information? Why are they important for you to learn? Explicit information is written and explained in the text so you, the learner, will not be confused. On the other hand, implicit information is something that is not written or seen in the text but is suggested. To read critically means to be able to distinguish the information that is clearly stated (explicit) in the text from those that are implied (implicit). This will help you make inferences about what you read, Jumpstart Defining Claims Evaluating the claims made by an author is one of the most important skills needed in critical reading. Your ability to identify the explicit and implicit information in a text will help you recognize the writer's arguments and evidence so you can begin judging the writer’s work. Whenever you read something, you find yourself looking for the writer’s point or position regarding the chosen topic. That point is also known as the claim, or the central argument or thesis statement of the text. This claim is what the writer tries to prove in the text by providing details, explanations, and other types of evidence. As such, it is usually found in the introduction or the first few paragraphs of the text. Consider the paragraph below. Read it carefully and answer in a separate bond paper the questions that follow.‘The Filipino culture I have learned is one that is a very vibrant and alive. It is a blend of many cultures that have come to our shores & rooted in our own native Filipino culture. Many scholars say that culture is constantly changing that is why it is very hard to define. While this is true, sometimes, it is not changing for the better. In some ways, I believe this is happening to Filipino culture. Filipinos tend to put more importance to foreign culture and things as compared to our own. Many foreign ideas and ways of thinking is what we, Filipinos believe will bring the country progress. However, this is a mistake because our culture is such a rich melting pot from which we can draw inspiration and ideas. -The Importance of Recognizing Our Culture by Pammy Macasaet Questions 1. What is the topic of the paragraph? 2. What is the claim of the writer about the topic? 3. What proofs are provided to support the claim? 4, Where in the paragraph is the claim written? Discover — ‘The claim is the most important part of the text. It defines the quality and the complexity of the reading as it gives direction and scope to the text. The claim is a sentence that summarizes the most important thing that the writer wants to say as a result of his/her thinking, reading, or writing experiences. When reading a long argument, start by skimming the first couple paragraphs (and last paragraph if necessary) to figure out what the author is trying to persuade you to believe or do. There may be more than one claim in a long argument so find the most important claim, It may help to pay attention to certain words that tell you that the statement is a claim. Claims sometimes begin with words that indicate that it is a claim such as “therefore”, "so", and "thus". Claims often include qualifiers such as "maybe’, “probably”, "perhaps", “usually”, ‘often’, "I believe’, "I think", "in my opinion’. But these qualifiers are used for reasons as well. So be careful relying on them.Characteristics of a Good Claim ‘The following are the characteristics of a good claim: 1. Acclaim should be argumentative and debatable. When a writer makes a claim, he/she is making a case for a particular perspective on the topic. Readers expect to be able to object to your claim, and they can only raise objections if the claim is something that can be reasonably challenged. Claims that are only factual or based on opinion, thus, are not debatable. 2. Aclaim should be specific and focused. If the claim is unfocused, the paper will be too broad in scope and will lack direction and a clear connection to the support provided. It may also lead to over generalizations and vague assertions. 3. Aclaim should be interesting and engaging. It should hook the reader, who may or may not agree with you, to encourage them to consider your perspective and learn something new from you. 4. Aclaim should be logical. It should result from a reasonable weighing of support provided. Here are some questions to help you determine the writ are reading a text: ‘+ What is the author's main point? + What is the author's position regarding it? laim while you ‘There are three common types of claims, They are claims of fact, policy, and value. Identifying claims is easier if you know a little about each claim type. Let us study briefly each of these claims. Distinguishing Between the Types of Claims Now that you know the characteristics of a good claim, you will be introduced to the different types of claims that a writer can make: fact, value, or policy. You can usually determine this by examining the type of questions they answer about the text. First, a claim of fact states a quantifiable assertion or a measurable topic. They assert that something has existed, exists, or will exist based on data. They rely on reliable sources or systematic procedures to be validated; this is what makes them different from inferences. Claims of fact usually answer a “what” question. When determining whether something is a claim of fact, the following questions are useful: * Is this issue related to a possible cause or effect? * Is this statement true or false? How can its truthfulness be verified? + Is this claim controversial or debatable?Take a look at the two examples below. What makes the claims of fact? 1. Smoking causes cancer. 2. People can reduce the severity of depression by increasing their sunlight exposure each day. In the first claim, what causes cancer? The answer is smoking. Is it true? Can it be verified? How? Does it exist? Is this debatable? Is there someone saying otherwise? If most of your answers to these questions are yes, then it is a claim of fact. How about the second claim? How will you prove its type? Can you use the same process of questioning? The answer is yes. Remember that when you are trying to find factual claims, terms don't help much, but you could look for time-related terms such as "in the past," or “in the future” and causal terms such as "leads to’, "improves", "destroys’, or "is caused by." Next, the claim of value asserts something that can be qualified. They consist of arguments about moral, philosophical, or aesthetic topics. These types of topics try to prove that some values are more or less desirable compared to others. They make judgments based on certain standards, on whether something is right or wrong, good or bad, or something similar. Claims of value attempt to explain how problems, situations, or issues ought to be valued. To discover these explanations, you may ask the following questions: ‘+ Which claims endorse what is good or right? ‘+ What qualities should be considered good? Why? + Which of these values contend with others? Which ones are more important, and why? Whose standards are used? + What are some concrete examples of such values? Consider this example: Your idea is valuable to the project. What makes this claim a value? Aside from the give-away term valuable, the question that will guide you is “Whose standard is it valuable? When trying to find value claims look for terms like "valuable/ beautiful/ ‘good/ bad/ evil’, "right/ wrong’, "superior/ best/ worse" Finally, claims of policy attempt to persuade you or others to take some a behavior usually to solve a problem. You can easily identify a claim of policy for it uses terms like "should", "ought" and "must". ‘The following questions will be used in evaluating a claim of policy. ‘+ Does the claim suggest a specific remedy to solve the problem? + Is the policy clearly defined? + Is the need for the policy established? + Is the policy the best one available? For whom? According to whose standards? + How does the policy solve the problem?Now, study the two ideas below. What makes the claims of policy? 1, Voluntary prayer should be permitted in public schools. 2. Smoking should be prohibited in public places Both claims use the word should which is associated with claims of policy. ‘The questions “Is there a policy that supports the claim?”, “Is there a problem? “, “Does it suggest a specific remedy to solve the problem?” when ask are answered. These qualify the two ideas as claims of policy. We are now done with our discussion on the types of claims. How do you feel? Do you know now how to identify a claim? Let us find out if you are ready. Explore SS ‘The discussion on the different types of claims is over. Let us check your understanding of the lesson, Different activities are provided for your practice. Read carefully the instruction in each activity so that you will be properly guided toward an expected output. A. Direction: For each claim below, identify whether it is a value, policy, or fact. Write your answer in your activity notebook. Alcoholism is a genetic disorder. 2. Teachers face numerous problems today. 3. Amorsolo is my favorite Filipino painter. National strength can only be built on character. . The US should help countries gain their independence. Democracy is superior to any other form of government. 4. 5. 6. 7. Social networks are the most distracting website on the internet, 8. Baguio City will experience colder weather for the next few years. 9. Mandatory jail terms should be imposed for drunk driving violations. 10.We must preserve with every ounce of our national vigor to eradicate poverty,B. Direction: Below is a boxed paragraph. I want you to read it carefully and look for the claim. Copy the needed information in your activity notebook to answer. Briefly explain your claim choice. The parol of Pampanga is a mix of Filipino and Spanish culture. The Spanish introduced us to lanterns and their construction. The Filipinos then made use of indigenous materials and creativity to give it a “folk” touch. Aside from the form and aesthetic, it is the ritual behind the parol that Filipinos can draw from. There is a team effort in its correction. The community comes together to be able to fix the lights. If not, the lights will be all tangled. A group of people helping each other in order to reach the goal is a very beautiful thing, It proves that there is a sense of community in the area. Claii Type of claim: Explanation on claim choice: C. Study the pictures. Then select one which you think clearly expresses a claim. Write the claim and identify its type. Briefly explain your choice. Put your answers in your activity notebook. Bayanihan Banaue Rice Terraces Bayanihan Banawue Rice TerreBois Shiite 109,947,900 we 2020 aa PHILIPPINES = m ETT Population COVID-19 Pandemic Misinformation and fake news are spreading on social media. The authenticity of information has become a longstanding issue that affects everyone. On social networks, the reach and effects of information spread occur at such a fast pace that distorted, inaccurate, and false information gets a tremendous potential to cause real-world impacts in such a short time for millions of users. How will your knowledge in identifying claims help you fight the spread of fake news and misinformation? Ilustrate your point using a local news article. Use your activity notebook. Gauge You are only a step away now to finish this lesson. Let us check if you are ready to take a new one. You need to answer all the items in this assessment corner. All you have to do is read carefully how you have to answer the items, Write your answers in your activity notebook. I hope you studied by heart the lessons I prepared in this learning material. Proceed to the assessment when you are ready. Good luck!Read carefully the text and identify if the given information is explicit or implicit. Write your answers in the gauge section of your activity notebook ‘The pastilla wrappers of Bulacan are a testament to the creativity of the Filipino people. In the most minute of details, creativity still abounds. The designs are meticulous and come in different varieties from the Barasoain church to the “Bulacan” girl. This attention to detail is something that Filipinos should apply to everything that they do. Many Filipinos have adopted a “bahala na” attitude or more famous among the youth, “bahala na si Batman” way of thinking. While once in awhile it is good to adapt the “yolo” (you only live once) way of thinking. ‘Throwing everything to the wind is not good especially when there are goals that need to be achieved. Being meticulous in the smallest things actually helps things become more efficient and productive. If Filipinos did their job better, things in the Philippines would improve. The Importance of Recognizing Our Culture by Pammy Macasaet