Language High School "Acad.

Lyudmil Stoyanov" Blagoevgrad

2700 Blagoevgrad, Maritsa St. No. 4, phone/fax: ++359 73831281, [email protected]

COURSE DESCRIPTION
of Mathematics as a compulsory subject for the 8th,
9th, 10th, 11th and 12th grade
 8th grade (2018-2019)
UNIT 1. BASIC COMBINATORY TERMS
THIS UNIT IS ABOUT:

 multiplication and addition of possibilities;

 permutations;
 variations;
 combinations.

STUDENTS LEARN:

 to calculate possibilities according to the rules of addition and multiplication;

 to calculate permutations, variations and combinations without repetition;
 to model specific situations.

1. Multiplication and addition of possibilities (1 LESSON)

- Compounds
- A class of compounds
- A rule for collecting opportunities
- Rule of multiplication of Possibilities

2. Multiplication and addition of possibilities. Exercise (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:
TASK 1
Find how many divisors the number 9720 has if we include the unit and the number itself in their
number

TASK 2
Nia's new phone has 4 different flowers front panel and three different flowers back panel. How many
different ways can Nia's phone look?

3. Permutations (1 LESSON)
- Permutations

- Number of permutations
Example tasks:

TASK 1
Find how many different even car numbers can be made from the digits 5, 2, 4, 6 if each digit can be
used only once
TASK 2
Find the number of different ways in which 7 students can be arranged in a row so that three of them
are always next to each other
4. Variations (1 LESSON)
- Variations

- Number of variations
Example tasks:

TASK 1
Find the number of even four-digit numbers that can be formed from the digits 0, 1, 3, 5, and 8 so that
none of them is repeated

5. Combinations (1 LESSON)
- Combinations

- Number of combinations
Example tasks:

TASK 1
For a handball match, a coach has two goalkeepers and twelve players available. Find how many
different ways the starting week can be formed if it must include one goaltender and six forwards.
6. Unit Summary "Basic Combinatorial Concepts" (3 LESSONS)

UNIT 2. VECTORS
THIS UNIT IS ABOUT:

 vectors;
 actions with vectors;
 applications of vectors.

STUDENTS LEARN:

 to perform operations with Vectors;

 to use vectors when solving problems.

7. Vector. (1 LESSON)
- Definition

- The equality of vectors

Example tasks:
TASK 1
Draw and label three collinear and three noncollinear vectors
TASK 2
Given three non-collinear vectors a , b , c , and a point O. Draw in sequence the vectors OA = a AB =
b, BC = c
8. Adding vectors (1 LESSON)
- A sum of vectors

- Rule of parallelogram
Example tasks:

TASK 1
Given two non-collinear vectors u and v . Draw the u + v vector using the parallelogram rule.
TASK 2
Prove that the sum of two opposite vectors is the zero vector.

9. Vector adder. Exercise. (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:

TASK 1
Prove that if in the parallelogram ABCD the diagonals intersect at point O, then: AB + CD = 0 or OA +
OC = OB + OD

10. Vector subtraction (1 LESSON)

- Difference of vectors

Example tasks:

TASK 1
Given vectors a , b , c , no two of which are collinear. Draw vectors:
a+b = c, a -b+c , abc, - a-b+c

11. Multiplication of a vector by a number. Properties. (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:

TASK 1
 1
Given non-collinear vectors u , v , w . Draw vectors: u+
2
1
2
v+
−1
2 (
w )
12. Vectors. Applications (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:

TASK 1
Given a line segment AB. The point S bisects AB such that AS = 12 cm and SB =42 cm. If the point O
is arbitrary, not lying on AB, express the vector OS in terms of the vectors OA and OB

13. “Vectors” unit summary (3 LESSONS)

14. Tests on the unit "Vectors" (1 LESSON)

UNIT 3. TRIANGLE AND TRAPEZIOD

THIS UNIT IS ABOUT:

 middle segment in a triangle;

 midcenter of a triangle;
 trapezium, isosceles trapezium;
 middle segment of a trapezoid.

STUDENTS LEARN:

 to use the properties of the midsection in the triangle;

 to apply the properties of the triangle's midcenter;
 to apply the properties of an isosceles trapezoid;
 to use the properties of a mid-section in a trapezoid.

15. Division of segments in a given relation (1 LESSON)

- Ratio of two sections

- Divisions of a line segment in a given ratio

Example tasks:

TASK 1
Point M bisects segment AB in the ratio 1:2, and point P lies on segment AB such that MP =1/2 AB.
Find in what respect P divides the segment AB. If AB =30 cm, find the lengths of the segments AP;
PB; AM; MP

16. Mid segment in a triangle (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:
TASK 1
Using the midpoints of a right triangle, prove that the median to the hypotenuse is equal to half the
hypotenuse.
Directions: The midpoints opposite the legs are sides of a rectangle, and the midpoint opposite the
hypotenuse is the diagonal of that rectangle.

TASK 2
Given a quadrilateral ABCD. Let M and N be the midpoints of its opposite sides AD and BC, L and K
the midpoints of the other pair of opposite sides AB and CD, and P and Q the midpoints of the
diagonals AC and BD of the quadrilateral. Prove that segments MN, LK and PO have a common
midpoint.

17. Mid segment in a triangle. Exercise. (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:

TASK 1
Prove that the midpoints of the diagonals and the midpoints of two opposite sides in the quadrilateral
are vertices of the parallelogram.

TASK 2
Prove that if a perpendicular is dropped from the fifth of one altitude in an equilateral triangle to one of
its other altitudes, it bisects the altitude to which it is dropped.

18. Midcenter of a triangle. (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:

TASK 1
Prove that in any triangle the sum of the medians is less than the perimeter of the triangle.

TASK 2
Prove that the medians of a triangle divide it into six equilateral triangles.

19. Midcenter of a triangle. Exercise (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:

TASK 1
Prove that if two of the medians in a triangle are equal, it is isosceles.

TASK 2
In parallelogram ABCD, point M is the midpoint of AD, and N is the midpoint of BC.
Prove that AN and CM divide the diagonal BD into three equal parts.

20. Trapezoid. Isosceles trapezoid (1 LESSON)

- Properties of the trapezoid

- Isosceles trapezoid

Example tasks:

TASK 1
Prove that if in an isosceles trapezoid the side is equal to the minor base, the diagonal is bisector of
the angle at the major base.

TASK 2
Prove that if in an isosceles trapezoid the diagonal is bisector of the acute angle, then its minor base is
equal to the side of the trapezoid.

21. Trapezoid. Continuation. (1 LESSON)

- A rectangular trapezoid

Example tasks:

TASK 1
Given a rectangular trapezium ABCD (AB is perpendicular to CD). Its diagonals AC and BD intersect
at point O. Prove that the diagonals make equal angles with the small base DC.

22. Midsection (base) of a trapezoid. (1 LESSON)

- Mid segment (middle base) of the trapezoid.

Example tasks:

TASK 1
The main ones of the trapezoid are 22 cm and 8 cm. Found the parts into which the diagonals of the
trapezoid divide its midsection.
TASK 2
Prove that any line segment whose ends lie on the bases of the trapezoid is bisected by its midline.

23. Midsection (base) of a trapezoid. Exercise (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:

TASK 1
One hip of a trapezoid is 7cm, its large base is 11cm, and the angle between them is bisected by the
corresponding diagonal of the trapezoid. Find the median base of the trapezoid.

24. Summary of the unit "Triangle and Trapezoid" (3 LESSONS)

25. Tests on the unit "Triangle and trapezoid" (1 LESSON)

UNIT 4. SQUARE ROOT

THIS UNIT IS ABOUT:

 irrational numbers;
 square root;
 properties of square roots;
 comparing irrational numbers;
 converting expressions containing roots.

STUDENTS LEARN:

 to compare quadratic roots;

 perform operations with square roots;
 to rationalize fractions.

26. Irrational numbers (1 LESSON)

- Rational numbers

- Irrational numbers

- Plotting the irrational numbers with points on the number line

- Real numbers

27. Square root (1 LESSON)

- Square root of a power

- Square root of a product

- Square root of quotient

Example tasks:
TASK 1
Do the math

√ 2+√ 7 to the nearest 0.001

TASK 2
Do the math

√ 10− √6 to the nearest 0.001

28. Properties of square roots (1 LESSON)

- Power of roots

- Multiplication of roots

- Division of roots

- Factoring out a square root

- Irrational expressions

Example tasks:

TASK 1

√
2 2
3 .(−2)
2
(−4)

TASK 2

√ 32 +4 2

TASK 3

√ 172−8 2

29. Actions with square roots (1 LESSON)

- Multiplying under the square root

Example tasks:

TASK 1
Factor out the roots:
√ 150

30. Actions with Square Roots Continued. (1 LESSON)

- Comparing roots

Example tasks:

TASK 1

3 √6 . 4 √3

31. Comparing irrational numbers written as square roots (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:

TASK 1

Compare and arrange the numbers on the number line3 √ 3и 4 √ 2

32. Transform expressions containing square roots (1 LESSON)

- Rationalize the denominator of the fraction

Example tasks:

TASK 1

(3 √ 2+1)2

TASK 2

( √ 3+ √ 7 ) .( √ 3− √7)

33. Rationalize expressions containing square roots. (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:

TASK 1

√27−√ 75
√3
 34. Summary of the unit "Square Root" (3 LESSONS)
35. Tests on the unit "Square Root" (1 LESSON)

UNIT 5. QUADRATIC EQUATIONS

THIS UNIT IS ABOUT:

 Square equations;
 biquadratic equations;
 equations of a higher exponent, reducible to quadratics;
 Viete's formulas.

STUDENTS LEARN:

 solve quadratic equations using the formula for finding their roots;
 to factor a square trinomial;
 apply Vietе's formulas;
 model quadratic equations.

36. Quadratic equation. Incomplete quadratic equations (1 LESSON)

- Definitions

- Solving quadratic equations

Example tasks:

TASK 1

x+10 x ( x−2 )
− =5
2 3

TASK 2

( 3 x−2 ) ( x+5 )−2 ( x −1 )( 2−x ) +6=0

37. Formula for the roots of a quadratic equation (1 LESSON)

- The discriminant

Example tasks:

TASK 1

−2 x2 + x +3=0
TASK 2
2
3 x +11 x+ 10=0

38. The abbreviated formula for the roots of a quadratic equation (1 LESSON)
- Abbreviated formula for the roots of a quadratic equation

Example tasks:

TASK 1

(x +3)3−x ( x +1 )2=5 x+ 13

TASK 2

13 x−4 18−4 x
+ =x+2
5 −3

39. Factoring the quadratic trinomial (1 LESSON)

- Quadratic trinomial

Example tasks:

TASK 1
Factor the quadratic trinomials
2
5−13 x−6 x

40. Biquadratic equations. (1 LESSON)

- Biquadratic equation

Example tasks:

TASK 1

( x 2−3 ) ( x 2 +1 )=4 ( x− √2 ) ¿

41. Higher exponent equations reducible to quadratics (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:
TASK 1
(x 2−2 x)2−2 ( x 2−2 x ) −3=0

TASK 2
6 3
x −7 x −8=0

42. Higher exponent equations reducible to quadratics. Exercise. (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:

TASK 1
2 2 2
(x + 4 x +3) =8 x (x + 4 x +3)

TASK 2

(x 2−5 x+ 7)2−( x−2 ) ( x −3 )=1

43. Relations between the roots and coefficients of the quadratic equation. Viete’s formulas
(1 LESSON)

Example tasks:

TASK 1
Without solving the given equation, check for roots and find the sum of their squares:
2
4 x −4 x−5=0

44. Application of Viete's formulas. (1 LESSON)

- Determining the signs of the roots of the quadratic equation

- Formulation of quadratic equations by given roots

Example tasks:

TASK 1
Make a quadratic equation whose roots are the numbers: 1 and -10

TASK 2
Without solving the corresponding quadratic equation, form another that has roots 3 less than the
roots of the equation3 x 2−4 x −1=0

45. Modeling with quadratic equations (1 LESSON)

Example task:
TASK 1
After two successive increases in the price of a product with the same percentage, it increased from
BGN 200 to BGN 242. Find this percentage.

46. Summary of the unit "Quadratic Equations" (3 LESSONS)

47. Tests on the unit "Quadratic equations" (1 LESSON)

UNIT 6. CIRCLE
THIS UNIT IS ABOUT:

 circle;
 circle and angles;
 tangents to a circle;
 mutual position of point and circle, line and circle;
 mutual position of two circles.
STUDENTS LEARN:

 apply the properties of chords in a circle;

 apply the properties of angle types associated with a circle.

48. Circle. Mutual positions of point and circle. (1 LESSON)

- Circle and point

Example tasks:

TASK 1
In a rectangular coordinate system Oxy, a circle k (O, r =13) is given. Determine the relative position of
the circle k and the points: A (-13, 0)

49. Mutual positions of rights and circles (1 LESSON)

- Tangent tangent

Example tasks:

TASK 1
In a right triangle (at vertex C = 90) angle BAC =15 and AB =12. Find the number of common points of
the line AB and the circle k (C , r 1=2)

TASK 2
In rhombus ABCD AC x BD = O ; BAD <60 degrees and AC =12. Find the number of common points
of the line CD and the circle k (O , r =4)

50. Tangents to a circle (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:

TASK 1
Given a rhombus ABCD with side AB =a and A =60. Find the radius of the circle k (D , r ) such that the
line AC is tangent to k

51. Central angles, arcs and chords. (1 LESSON)

- Arcs of a circle

- Central corner

- Identical circles

Example tasks:

TASK 1
In circle k ( O ; 3 cm ) AB e diameter. The chord CD = 3 cm. If the points M and N are the midpoints of
the arcs DA and BC respectively, find the angles of the triangle T MON

TASK 2
The arc AB of circle k (O) is 120 degrees. Point M is the arc AB and AM =45% of AB. Find the
measures of angles AOM and BOM

52. Diameter perpendicular to chord. (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:

TASK 1
The extensions of two equal chords AB and CD of a circle intersect at a point P (B is between A and
P, D between C and P). Prove that BP = DP

53. Inscribed angle. (1 LESSON)

 - Inscribed angle

Example tasks:

TASK 1
AM and BN are constructed from the ends of the diameter AB of a circle . Prove that MN is a diameter

54. Peripheral angle (1 LESSON)

Example angle:

TASK 1
The vertices of the triangle ABC are points of a circle and divide it into arcs such that AB: BC: CA =
2:3:4. A tangent to the circle is constructed through the vertex B. Find the angles that the tangent
makes with the sides BA and BC of the triangle.

55. An angle whose vertex is an interior point for a circle (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:

TASK 1
Two equal chords in a circle intersect. Find the angle between the two chords if one of them divides
the smaller arc belonging to the other chord into parts equal to 55 degrees and 30 degrees

56. An angle whose vertex is an exterior point for a circle (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:

TASK 1
Three points on a circle divide it into arcs which are related as 8 : 11 : 17. Find the angles of the
triangle formed by the tangents to the circle constructed at these three points.

TASK 2
Points A, B and Staka are taken on a circle, such that angle ABC= a (a < 90°). Find the angle between
the tangents to the circle constructed at points A and C.

57. Mutual position of two circles (1 LESSON)

- Mutual position of two eccentric circles according to the relationships between d, r 1, r 2
Example tasks:

TASK 1
The radii of two internally tangent circles are related as 5:3, and the length of their central one is 14
cm. Find the radii.

58. Common tangents of two circles. (1 LESSON)

- Internal and external tangent

Example tasks:

TASK 1
Circles k 1(O 1, 7) and k 2( O 2, 1) are given. One common external tangent touches k 1 and k 2 at
points T 1 and T 2 respectively. If O 1 O 2=10, find the length of T 1 T 2

59. “Circle” Unit Summary (3 LESSONS)

60. Tests on the unit "Circle" (1 LESSON)

UNIT 7. RATIONAL EXPRESSIONS

THIS UNIT IS ABOUT:

 operations with rational fractions;

 conversion of rational expressions;
 fractional equations;
 modeling with fractional equations.

STUDENTS LEARN:

 to perform identity transformations of rational expressions;

 to calculate a numerical value of a rational expression;
 to solve fractional equations;
 to model different situations with equations reducible to fractions.

61. Rational fractions. Definition set. (1 LESSON)

- Identically equal

- Sameness

- Definition set

- A rational fraction

Example tasks:
TASK 1
Find the feasible values of rational fractions

x +2
3
x −27

62. Basic property of rational fractions. Shortening and expanding rational fractions.
(1 LESSON)
- Basic property of common fractions

- Basic property of rational fractions

Example tasks:

TASK 1
3 2
x +x y
2 2
x +2 xy + y
x=3, y=-2

63. Bringing rational fractions to a common denominator. (1 LESSON)

- Rule for finding the lowest common denominator

Example tasks:

TASK 1
Reduce the fractions to the lowest common denominator

5 x +7 3
, ,
x−2 x 3−8 x 2 +2 x+ 4

64. Addition and subtraction of rational fractions. (1 LESSON)

- The denominators of rational fractions are indecomposable polynomials

- Denominators of rational fractions are factorable into polynomials

Example tasks:

TASK 1

x 2+ y 2 x+ y
− +1
x − y 2 x−2 y
2 2
 65. Multiplication, division and exponentiation of rational fractions. (1 LESSON)
- Multiplication of rational fractions

- Division of rational fractions

- Exponentiation of rational fractions

Example tasks:

TASK 1

( )
2
−a
2
x y
TASK 2

a2−b2 a3
.
a 2 ( a+ b )2
TASK 3

xy−x y 2−2 y+1

:
y
3
xy

66. Converting rational expressions (1 LESSON)

- A fractional rational expression

Example tasks:

TASK 1

C=
( 2
−
2 x +1
3 x x +1 3 x(−x−1 :
x−1
x ))
; x=0,5

67. Fractional equations (1 LESSON)

- A fractional equation

- Freeing from denominator

Example tasks:

TASK 1
2
4 3 x +9 x−6
+ =
x−2 x+ 2 x 2−4
TASK 2
2
6 x +13 x +6
+ x+1=0
3 x+ 2

68. Fractional equations. Exercise (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:

TASK 1

1 2 6
2
+ 2 = 2
x −2 x +2 x −2 x+ 3 x −2 x+ 4
TASK 2

x2 −2 x +5 20 x−20
− 2 =1
x−1 x −2 x +5

69. Modeling with fractional equations (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:

TASK 1
Two workers have to do a certain job. The former can do the work alone in 2 days less than the latter.
After the first worked for 4 days and the second for 5 days, the job was done. Find how many days
each worker can do the work by himself.

TASK 2
A student had to read a book of 200 pages in a certain number of days. He read in 1 day 10 pages
more than planned and therefore read the book 1 day ahead of schedule. In how many days did the
student read the book?

70. “Rational Expressions” Unit Summary (3 LESSONS)

71. Tests on the unit "Rational Expressions" (1 LESSON)

UNIT 8. INSCRIBED AND CIRCUMSCRIBED POLYGONS

72. A circle circumscribed about a triangle. (1 LESSON)

- The median to the hypotenuse is equal to half the hypotenuse
Example tasks:

TASK 1
The height of an equilateral triangle is 30 cm. Find the diameter of the circle circumscribed about the
triangle

TASK 2
k is circumscribed around the triangle ABC. Find the angles of a triangle ADC, where CD is a
diameter, if angle ABC =60 degrees

73. A circle circumscribed about a triangle. Exercise. (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:

TASK 1
is circumscribed about triangle ABC with angles α, β, γ. The bisectors of sides BC, CA, AB intersect
the arcs belonging to these sides at points A1, B1, C1, respectively. Find the angles of triangle A1, B
1, C 1,

TASK 2
One of the angles of an isosceles triangle is 150° and its base is 8 cm long. Find the radius of the
circle circumscribed about it.

74. A circle inscribed in a triangle (1 LESSON)

- The angle bisectors in the triangle

Example tasks:

TASK 1
Prove that in any equilateral triangle for the radius R of the circumscribed circle and for the radius r of
the inscribed circle the equality R =2 r is fulfilled

TASK 2
Find the face of a triangle if its semiperimeter is 12cm and the radius of the inscribed circle is 2cm

75. A circle inscribed in a triangle. Exercise. (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:
TASK 1
The difference of the sides of a right triangle is equal to the diameter of the circle inscribed in it. Its
hypotenuse is 8 in. Find the smaller leg and the angles of the triangle.

TASK 2
Given a triangle ABC with sides AB = 7 cm, CA = 6 cm and CB = 5 cm. A circle k is inscribed in the
triangle. Tangent to k intersects sides CA and CB at points M and N respectively. Find the perimeter of
triangle MNC.

76. Externally inscribed circles (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:
TASK 1
For triangle ABC α:β:γ=2:3:4. If О1, О2, and O 3 are the centers of the inscribed circles that touch BC,
CA , AB , respectively, find the angles of triangles BCO 1, ACO 2, and ABO 3

77. Orthocenter of a triangle (1 LESSON)

- Orthocenter of a triangle

- Points of interest in a triangle

Example tasks:

TASK 1
In triangle ABC H is the orthocenter and AH =5 cm . If angle CAB =45 degrees, find BC
TASK 2
Prove that if in the acute triangle ABC the point H is the orthocenter and BC = AH, then the angle at
the vertex A is 45 degrees.

78. Points of interest in a triangle. Exercise (1 LESSON)

- Properties of the orthocenter of a triangle

Example tasks:

TASK 1
In triangle ABC, points O and H are the circumcenter and orthocenter, respectively. To prove the
vector equality OH = OA + OB + OC

79. A quadrilateral inscribed in a circle (1 LESSON)

 - Basic tasks

Example tasks:

TASK 1
The short side of a rectangle is 20 cm. The acute angle between the diagonals is 60°. To find the
radius of the circle circumscribed around the rectangle.

TASK 2
The inscribed quadrilateral ABCD has a diagonal AC which is perpendicular to BD and bisects it. Find
the angles of the quadrilateral if angle BAD = 70°

80. A quadrilateral inscribed in a circle. Exercise (1 LESSON)

- A necessary and sufficient condition

Example tasks:

TASK 1
In the acute triangle ABC , the altitudes BB 1 and CC 1 intersect at point H . Find the angles B 1 C 1 H
and C 1 B 1 H , if the angles of the triangle at the vertices and are β and γ, respectively.

81. A quadrilateral circumscribed about a circle. (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:

TASK 1
Find the sides of a circumscribed quadrilateral ABCD if AB : BC : CD =2:5:4 and its perimeter is 60 cm

82. A quadrilateral circumscribed about a circle. Exercise (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:

TASK 1
A circle with a radius of 2 cm is inscribed in a trapezoid. Find the face of the trapezoid if the sum of its
legs is 10 cm

83. “Inscribed and Described Polygons” Unit Summary (3 LESSONS)

84. Tests on the unit "Inscribed and circumscribed polygons" (1 LESSON)
 UNIT 9. EQUALITIES
THIS UNIT IS ABOUT

 axial symmetry;

 rotation;

 central symmetry;

 translation.

STUDENTS LEARN:

 distinguish types of similarities;

 find symmetrical figures in specific situations;
 to construct images of familiar geometric figures with uniformity.

85. Axial symmetry (1 LESSON)

- Equality

- Symmetric points

- Axial symmetry

Example tasks:

TASK 1
The points M and N lie on different sides of the line g so that MN is not perpendicular to g . Construct
the image M ' N ' of MN by axial symmetry with the g axis.

86. Rotation. (1 LESSON)

- Center of rotation

Example tasks:

TASK 1
With a rotation with center A, an angle of 90 degrees and a negative direction of rotation, construct the
images of parallelogram ABCD and trapezoid ABCD

87. Central symmetry. (1 LESSON)

- Symmetric points about a point

- Center point

- Central symmetrical figure

Example tasks:
TASK 1
Prove that a quadrilateral that has a center of symmetry is a parallelogram
TASK 2
Two identical circles k and k 1 touch externally at the point T .A line through T intersects k and k 1 at
the points A and A 1 respectively. Prove that O1A1=-OA

88. Translation (1 LESSON)

- Translation

- Parallel porting

Example tasks:

TASK 1
Given a line a, a circle k , and a segment MN . Construct a line segment parallel and equal to MN , the
ends of which lie at a and k

89. Similarities. Exercise. (1 LESSON)

90. Summary of the unit "Equalities". (3 LESSONS)
91. Test on the unit "Equalities" (1 LESSON)

9th grade (2019-2020)

UNIT 1. CLASSICAL PROBABILITY

THIS UNIT IS ABOUT:

 sets
 random events;
 classical probability.

STUDENTS LEARN:
 to find intersection, union, product and complement of sets;
 to calculate classical probability as a ratio of possibilities;
  to calculate classical probability using the formulas for permutations, variations and
combinations without repetition;
 to calculate the probability of an opposite event;
 to calculate the probability of a sum of incompatible events;
 to calculate probability of union and intersection of events.

1. Sets. (1 LESSON)
- Basic definitions
- Set operations
- Union of two sets
- Intersection of two sets
- Difference of two sets
- Complement of a set
- Decartian product of two sets

Example tasks:

TASK 1
The sets A and B are subsets of the set U = {2,4,6,8,10,12,14 ,16}. Illustrate these sets using Euler-
Venn diagrams and find the union, intersection and difference of these two sets if A={4,6,8,10},
B={10,12,14}

2. Random events (1 LESSON)

- Elementary event
- A favorable event
- A credible event
- An impossible event

Example tasks:

TASK 1
The natural numbers from 1 to 12 are written on separate identical cards that are shuffled. A card is
drawn at random. Given the events A = {the number of the drawn card is divisible by 3} and B = {the
number of the drawn card is less than 8}. Find the elementary favorable events for, A, B, A, B, AUB, A\
B, B \ A
Represent your solution graphically.

3. Classical probability (1 LESSON)

- Classical probability
- Number of combinations
- Number of permutations
- Number of variations
Example tasks:

TASK 1
The safe code consists of 6 different digits, the first three of which are even and the rest odd. Find the
probability that on the first try we open the safe.

4. Probability of sum of incompatible events. (1 LESSON)

- Incompatible and compatible events

Example tasks:

TASK 1
There are 6 white and 4 black balls in a box. Two of them are drawn at random. Find the probability
that the balls drawn are of the same color.

TASK 2
In a batch of up to 30 details, 5 are non-standard. Three details are randomly selected. Find the
probability that at least two of them are substandard.

5. Probability of an opposite event. (1 LESSON)

- Opposite event

Example tasks:

TASK 1
There are 5 white and 7 black balls in a box. Three of them are drawn at random. Find the probability
that at least one white ball is drawn

6. Probability of an event. Exercise (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:

TASK 1
There are 6 white and 8 black balls in a box. 5 of them are drawn at random. Find the probability that
only whites are drawn

7. Probability of union, intersection and difference of events (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:

TASK 1
There are 10 white and 10 black balls in a box. The white ones are numbered from 1 to 10. The black
ones are also numbered from 1 to 10. We draw a ball. Using Euler-Venn diagrams, find the probability
that the ball drawn is black or a multiple of 5.

8. Probability of sum of compatible events. Exercise. (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:

TASK 1
We roll two correct dice. Find the probability that at least one die will land multiples of 3.

TASK 2
We roll two correct dice. Find the probability that an even number of points will land on one die.

9. Summary of the unit "Classical Probability" (3 LESSONS)

10. Tests on the unit "Classical Probability" (1 LESSON)

UNIT 2. FUNCTIONS
THIS UNIT IS ABOUT:
 functions and the terms related to them;
 linear function;
 quadratic function;
 graphic representation of the solutions to an equation.
STUDENTS LEARN:
 to find a function value and an argument value of a given function;
 to retrieve information about functions set differently.
 to construct graphs of linear and quadratic
functions;
 to establish the belonging of a point to the graph of a function;
 to draw conclusions about the properties of linear and quadratic functions from their graphs;
 to represent graphically the solutions of linear and quadratic equations.

11. Function, definition set. (1 LESSON)

- Functional dependency
- Definition set
- Definition area
- Function

Example tasks:
TASK 1
One side of a rectangle is 3 cm longer than the other. Express the face as a function of the smaller
side

12. Function assignment methods (1 LESSON)

- Determined analytically
- Determined graphically
- Defined tabularly

Example tasks:

Dividing the number y by the number x ≠ 0 gives a quotient of 6 and a remainder of 2. Determine
analytically y as a function of x

13. Graph of the linear function. Properties (1 LESSON)

- Linear function y=ax+b
- Graph the linear function

Example tasks:

TASK 1
Construct the graphs of the linear functions
2 x+1
a) y=
3
1
b) y=1
2

14. Linear function. Exercise (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:

TASK 1
1
For the function f ( x )= x−5. Find it f ( x +1 ) . f ( 6 )−f (−3 ) . f ( x +2)
3

15. Quadratic function. Graph the function y=a x2 , a ≠ 0 (1 LESSON)

- Graph the function y=x 2

- A parable
- Growth and decline in function
 - Graph the function y=a x2 , a>0

Example tasks:

TASK 1
1 2
a) y= x
3
b) y=5 x 2

16. Graph of the function y=a x2 , a ≠ 0. Exercise. (1 LESSON)

- Graph the function y=a x2 , a<0

Example tasks:

TASK 1
Given the function f ( x )=2 x 2. Find for which values of x is satisfied f ( x )=20 000 . Using the graph of
the function, find for which values of x it is satisfied f ( x ) >20 000

17. Graph of the quadratic function y=a x2 +bx +c , a ≠ 0. (1 LESSON)

- Graph the quadratic function
- Constructing the top of the parabola
- Finding the coordinates of additional points of the parabola
- Constructing the parabola using the axis of symmetry

Example tasks:

TASK 1
Construct the parabola - graph of each of the given functions.
2
a) y=x +2 x
−1 2
b) y= x −1
2
2
c) y=2 x −12 x+ 8

18. Growth and Decrement of a quadratic function. Minimum and maximum value of a
quadratic function (1 LESSON)
- Properties of quadratic function

Example tasks:
TASK 1
Find the smallest value of the function y and the value of x for which it occurs: y=4 x 2−12 x−1

TASK 2
Find the intervals of increase and decrease of the function y=3 x 2−30 x−7

19. Graphical representation of the solutions of an equation (1 LESSON)

- Graphical representation of the solutions of an equation of the form f ( x )=0

- Graphical representation of the solutions of an equation of the form f ( x )=g (x)

Example tasks:

TASK 1
Solve the equations graphically
a) x 2=2−x

b) x 2=−4 x−4

20. “Functions” Unit Summary (3 LESSON)

21. Tests on the unit "Functions" (1 LESSON)

UNIT 3. SYSTEMS OF LINEAR EQUATIONS WITH TWO UNKNOWNS

THIS UNIT IS ABOUT:

 linear equations with two unknowns and the terms related to them;
 systems of linear equations and the terms related to them.

STUDENTS LEARN:
 to solve systems of linear equations:
o graphically;
o by substitution;
o by adding;
o by laying;
 to assess the rationality of the chosen method for solving the system;
 to model with systems of linear equations with two unknowns.
 22. Linear equations with two unknowns. (1 LESSON)
- The equationax +by =c ( a ≠ 0 , b ≠ 0 )

- The equation0 x +by=c ( b ≠ 0 )

- The equation0 x +by=c ( a ≠ 0 )

Example tasks:

TASK 1
Solve the equations and graph them:
a) 2 x+ y =1
b) x−2 y=5

23. Systems of linear equations with two unknowns. Solving by substitution (1 LESSON)
- A system of two linear equations with two unknowns

Example tasks:

TASK 1
Solve the system by substitution

{105 xx−7 y=1

−14 y=5

24. Solving by substitution of systems of linear equations. Exercise (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:

TASK 1
Solve the system

{53xx−2 y =16
−3 y=−5

25. Interposition of graphs of linear functions. Study the number of solutions of a system
of linear equations. (1 LESSON)
- Compatible system
- A certain system
- Undefined system
- Incompatible system

Example tasks:
TASK 1

{32 xx +2+3 y=−5

y=−5

26. Solving systems of linear equations by addition. (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:

TASK 1

{3125x−5
x−4 y +1=0
y +16=0

27. Solving by adding systems of linear equations. Exercise. (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:

TASK 1

{
2(x− y) x+1 y +2
− =
5 3 −4
x−3 y−3
−2 y= −x
4 3

TASK 2

{
x + y−z =1
2 x+3 y −z=4
5 x −2 ( y + z )=1

28. Graphical representation of solutions to systems of linear equations with two

unknowns (1 LESSON)
- Graphs that intersect
- Graphs that are parallel
- Graphs that merge

Example tasks:

TASK 1

{0,5x−2x−y=4
y=2

29. Solving by applying systems of linear equations. Exercise. (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:

TASK 1
One number is 20 greater than another number and 1 greater than twice the second. Find the
numbers

TASK 2
The sum of the digits of a two-digit number is 15. If we rearrange its digits, we will get a number 27
less than the given number. Find the number.

30. Modeling with systems of linear equations. (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:

TASK 1
We have two acid solutions: 36% and 96%. How many liters of each solution do we need to get after
mixing them 120 L of 80% solution?

TASK 2
One type of iron ore contains 50% iron and another type - 60%. A mixture of both types contains 2,800
kg of iron. If 1,000 kg more is taken from the first ore, and 1,000 kg less from the second, a mixture will
be obtained in which the pure iron content is 54%. How many kilograms of ore were taken of each
type in the preparation of the first and second mixtures?

31. Modeling with systems of linear equations. Exercise (1 LESSON)

32. Summary of the unit "Systems of linear equations with two unknowns" (3 LESSONS)
33. Tests on the unit "Systems of linear equations with two unknowns" (1 LESSON)

UNIT 4. SYSTEMS OF EQUATIONS OF THE SECOND EXPONENT WITH TWO UNKNOWNS

THIS UNIT IS ABOUT:

 systems of quadratic equations with two unknowns and the concepts associated with
them.

STUDENTS LEARN:
 to solve systems of quadratic equations with two unknowns:
o by substitution,
o by gathering,
o by laying;
 to model with systems of quadratic equations with two unknowns;
  to interpret a specific result obtained during modeling.

34. Systems of quadratic equations with two unknowns. Solving systems where one
equation is of the first degree. (1 LESSON)
- An equation of the typea x 2 +bxy +c y 2+ dx+ ey+ f =0

Example tasks:

TASK 1

{x + y x−2+ y=7
2 2
x−4 y=3
-
35. Solving systems of quadratic equations where one equation is quadratic. Exercise
(1 LESSON)

Example tasks:

TASK 1

{x + 2y x−2−3xy=0
2 2
+3 y=0

TASK 2

{
x +5 y
− =0
y +1 x
2 x− y +3
=1
x+ y

36. Systems of equations with two unknowns in which both equations are quadratic
(1 LESSON)
- The coefficients in front of the second powers of x and y in the equations of the
system are respectively proportional
- The coefficients in front of the terms containing x (or y) in the equations of the system
are respectively proportional
Example tasks:

TASK 1

{
3 x 2−3 y 2 +2 x+ y=6
2 x 2−2 y 2+ x + y =4

TASK 2
{xy+
xy−x+ y=7
x− y=13

37. Solving systems of equations with two unknowns where both equations are quadratic.
Exercise. (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:

TASK 1

{ x 2−xy=3 x−3 y
x2 + y 2−2 x− y =9

38. Solving systems of quadratic equations with two unknowns. Exercise. (1 LESSON)
- Homogeneous system

Example tasks:

TASK 1

{ x 2 + xy=6
y 2+ xy =3

TASK 2

{
2 2
5 x + xy − y =−1
2 2
4 x − y + xy=−2

39. Solving systems of quadratic equations with two unknowns by postulation. (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:

TASK 1

{
x y 5
− =
y x 6
x 2− y 2 =5

TASK 2

{
20 3
+ =5
x +2 y −1
15 6
− =1
x +2 y−1
 40. Solving systems of quadratic equations with two unknowns by postulation. Exercise.
(1 LESSON)

Example tasks:

TASK 1

{
24
+ x−2 y=5
x−2 y
2 2
x + y −5 x + 4=0

41. Modeling with systems of quadratic equations with two unknowns. (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:

TASK 1
A tourist walked 30 km from hut A to hut B in a certain time. On the way back, he increased his speed
by 1 km/h and walked 1 hour less. Find the outbound and return speeds of the hiker.

42. Summary of the unit "Systems of quadratic equations with two unknowns" (3
LESSONS)
43. Tests on the unit "Systems of equations of the second exponent with two unknowns" (1
LESSON)

UNIT 5. SIMILAR TRIANGLES

THIS UNIT IS ABOUT:

 Thales' theorem and Thales' inverse theorem;
 property of bisectors in a triangle;
 similar triangles and the concepts related to them;
 signs of similarity of two triangles;
 the properties of the corresponding elements of similar triangles;
 the property of the areas of similar triangles.

STUDENTS LEARN:
 to apply Thales' theorem;
 to apply the property of bisectors in a triangle;
 to apply the signs of similarity of two triangles;
 to distinguish typical situations related to the application of similar triangles.

44. Proportional segments (1 LESSON)

- Intersection ratio
 - Proportional segments

Example tasks:

TASK 1
Find the geometric mean of the segments AB =27 cm, CD =3 cm

45. Theorem of Thales. Inverse theorem of Thales (1 LESSON)

- Conditions and properties
- Thales theorem
- Inverse theorem of Thales

Example tasks

TASK 1
The diagonals of the quadrilateral ABCD intersect at point O. If OA:OC=OB:OD, prove that ABCD is a
trapezoid

46. Property of bisectors in a triangle. (1 LESSON)

- Properties of bisectors

Example tasks:

TASK 1
The sides of ABC have lengths AB = 7 cm, BC = 6 cm, CA = 8 cm and are respectively the inner and
outer bisectors of the triangle at the vertex C. Find the lengths of segments AP, BP , AQ , PQ

47. Property of bisectors in a triangle. Exercise (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:

TASK 1
Triangle ABC has sides AB=14 cm, BC =12 cm , CA =16 cm . A line MN (M lies on AC , N lies on BC )
parallel to AB is drawn through the intersection of its bisectors . Find the lengths of segments AM, MC,
BN, NC

48. Similar triangles. Definition (1 LESSON)

- Similar triangles
- Similarity coefficient
- Properties of similar triangles

Example tasks:
TASK 1
Two isosceles triangles are similar. One has side of 8cm and a perimeter of 20cm and the other has a
perimeter of 15cm. Find the ratio of similarity and the bases of the two triangles.

49. First sign of similarity of triangles (1 LESSON)

- If two angles of one triangle are respectively equal to two angles of another triangle,
then the triangles are similar

Example tasks:

TASK 1
Prove that two isosceles triangles are similar if the angles between their two vertices are equal.

TASK 2
Prove that two isosceles triangles are similar if an angle at the base of one triangle is equal to an
angle at the base of the other triangle

50. First theorem of similarity of triangles. Exercise. (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:
TASK 1
In an acute triangle ABC, sides eAC =12 cm , BC =15 cm and the height to the third side is CH =10
cm . Find the radius of the circumscribed circle.

TASK 2
Prove that the distance from the midcenter to the side of the triangle is three times less than the height
of the triangle to that side.

51. Second and third theorems of similarity of triangles (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:

TASK 1
Prove that the line segments joining the midpoints of the sides of a triangle form a triangle similar to
the given

52. Properties of similar triangles (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:

TASK 1
A line parallel to the side AB of ABC intersects its formers AC and BC at points M and N respectively.
If AB =16 cm MN =5 cm and the distance from vertex C to side AB is 20 cm, find the distance from
vertex C to segment MN

53. Properties of similar triangles. Exercise (1 LESSON)

- A theorem of similarity of right triangles

Example tasks:

TASK 1
A square MNPQ is inscribed in an acute ABC so that M and N lie on AB, and P and Q lie on BC and
AC, respectively. Find the side of the square if and the height through the vertex C e h.

54. Ratio of areas of similar triangles. (1 LESSON)

- Areas of similar triangles

Example tasks:

TASK 1
A line parallel to the base of a triangle divides its other two sides in the ratio 4:3,
counted from the top, and the face of the triangle - in parts whose difference is 170 cm2. Find the area
of the given triangle.

TASK 2
In a right-angled triangle with a face of 250 cm 2, the legs are related as
4:3. The height to the hypotenuse divides the given triangle into two triangles. Find their area.

55. Unit summary "Similar triangles" (3 LESSONS)

56. Tests on the unit "Similar triangles" (1 LESSON)

TOPIC 6. RATIONAL INEQUALITIES

57. Union and Intersection of Number Intervals. Revision (1 LESSON)

- Numeric intervals
- Intersection of intervals
- Union of intervals

58. Inequality of the kind|ax+b|>c , a ≠0 (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:
TASK 1
¿

TASK 2
5|x−2|−|2 x−4|>9

59. Systems of linear inequalities with one unknown (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:

TASK 1

{11−2
x −4 >0
x≥0

60. Solving systems of linear inequalities with one unknown. Exercise (1 LESSON)
- Equivalent systems of inequalities

Example tasks:

TASK 1

{
x−2 x+1
>
3 2
x +5 x−1
<
2 3

61. A double inequality. Inequality of the kind |ax+b|<c , a ≠0 (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:

TASK 1
¿

TASK 2
3|x−5|−8|5−x|>−10

ax+ b
62. Inequalities of the type ( ax +b )( cx + d ) > 0 , >0 (1 LESSON)
cx +d
- Inequalities of the type( ax +b )( cx + d ) > 0

- Inequalities of the type( ax +b )( cx + d ) < 0

 ax+ b ax+ b
- Inequalities of the type >0and <0
cx +d cx +d

Example tasks:

TASK 1
( x−3 ) ( x+ 2 ) ≤ 0

TASK 2
x +3
<0
x+ 4

TASK 3

4 x2 −7 ≥0

63. Quadratic inequalities (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:

TASK 1
2
2 x + x−3 ≥ 0

64. Quadratic inequalities. Exercise (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:

TASK 1

{ x2 −4 x +3<0
2
x +6 x +8 ≥ 0

65. Method of Intervals (1 LESSON)

- Inequalities of higher degree

Example tasks:

TASK 1
2 x3 + x 2−3 x ≤ 0

TASK 2
 4 2
x −10 x +9<0

66. Application of the method of intervals in solving higher exponent inequalities

(1 LESSON)

Example tasks:

TASK 1
( x +5 ) ( x +1 )4 ( x−3 )3 < 0

TASK 2

( x +6 )2 ( x+2 ) ( x−1 )4 ≤ 0

67. Fractional inequalities. (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:

TASK 1

( x+ 3 )4 ( x−1 )5
If you solve B= 3 6 solve the inequality B >0
( x+ 7 ) ( x−10 )

68. Method of Intervals. Exercise. (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:

TASK 1

( x+ 4 ) 4 ( x−7 )6
5 2
>0
( x +9 ) ( x−1 )

69. Summary of the unit "Rational Inequalities" (3 LESSONS)

70. Tests on the unit " Rational Inequalities" (1 LESSON)

UNIT 7. METRIC DEPENDENCES BETWEEN SECTIONS

THIS UNIT IS ABOUT:

 metric dependencies in a right triangle;
 Pythagorean theorem;
 segment length in rectangular coordinate system;
  metric dependencies between segments in a circle.

STUDENTS LEARN:
 to solve:
o right triangle;
o isosceles triangle;
o isosceles and right-angled trapezium;
o parallelogram
 to discover and create situations related to solving a right triangle;
 to apply metric dependencies between segments related to a circle.

71. Metric relationships between segments in a right triangle. (1 LESSON)

- Projection of a line segment
- Geometric mean

Example tasks:

TASK 1
In a right triangle, the hypotenuse is 16 cm, and the height to it divides it into parts in the ratio 1:3. Find
the two sides and the height to the hypotenuse.

72. Theorem of Pythagoras. (1 LESSON)

- Pythagorean theorem
- Inverse Pythagorean Theorem

Example tasks:

TASK 1
Find the sides of an isosceles right triangle with hypotenuse 4cm.

73. Theorem of Pythagoras. Exercise. (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:

TASK 1
The ratio of the sides of a rectangle is 5:12. Its perimeter is 68 cm. Find the diagonal of the rectangle
and the radius of the circle circumscribed about it

TASK 2
One side of a rectangle is 2cm smaller than the other. Its diagonal is 10 cm. Find the perimeter and
face of the rectangle.

74. Finding the length of a segment in a rectangular coordinate system. (1 LESSON)

- Distance between two points with equal ordinates
- Distance between two points with equal abscissas
- Distance between two points

75. Solving a right triangle. (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:

Prove that it is rectangular and find its area if:

A(-4;2), B (3;3), C(-1;6)

76. Applications of metric dependencies to find the elements of a rectangle triangle.

Exercise (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:

TASK 1
To solve a right triangle given c=4; a1=3

77. Solving an isosceles triangle (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:

TASK 1
One of the sides of a right triangle is a=8 cm, and the hypotenuse is c = 17 cm. Find the hypotenuse of
the triangle

78. Solving an isosceles triangle. Exercise. (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:

TASK 1
The side of an isosceles triangle is 30 cm and its base is 48 cm. Find the radii of the inscribed and
circumscribed circles.

79. Solving isosceles and rectangular trapezoid. (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:

TASK 1
Given an isosceles triangle with a side of 10 cm and a base of 16 cm. Find the height to the base, the
radii r and R of the inscribed and circumscribed circles, and the distance OO1 between their centers.

80. Solving a parallelogram (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:

TASK 1
An isosceles trapezoid is described around a circle. If a and b are its bases, and r is the radius of the
circle inscribed in it, prove that a .b=4 r 2

81. Metric dependencies between sections in district (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:

TASK 1
The rhombus ABCD has area S = 12 cm 2 and the difference of its diagonals is 2 cm. Find the
diagonals of the rhombus, the face of the rhombus, the height and radius of the inscribed circle, and
the angles of the rhombus.

82. Metric dependencies between sections in district. Exercise (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:

TASK 1
From a point that is 10 cm from the center of a circle with a radius of 6 cm, a tangent is drawn to the
same circle. Find the length of the tangent.

83. Summary of the unit "Metric dependencies between sections" (3 LESSONS)

84. Tests on the unit "Metric dependencies between sections" (1 LESSON)

UNIT 8. TRIGONOMETRICAL FUNCTIONS OF SHARP ANGLE

THIS UNIT IS ABOUT:

 trigonometric functions of an acute angle in a right triangle;
 values of trigonometric functions of angles with measures 30°, 45°, 60°;
 the basic trigonometric identities.
STUDENTS LEARN:
 to apply the basic trigonometric identities;
 apply the basic trigonometric functions for angles complementary to 90°;
 to find the elements of:
o right triangle,
o isosceles triangle,
o isosceles and rectangular trapezoid;
 find and create situations related to trigonometric functions of an acute angle in a right
triangle.

85. Trigonometric functions at an acute angle. (1 LESSON)

- Sine
- Cosine
- Tagens
- Cotangent

Example tasks:

TASK 1
Find the other two of the sides a , b , c of a right-angled triangle if c =20, sin =3/5

86. Values of trigonometric functions of angles with measures 30°, 45°, 60° (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:

TASK 1
β
sin 2 α + cos
2
A=
β
tan + cot 2α
2

87. Basic relations between trigonometric functions of the same angle (1 LESSON)
- Basic trigonometric identities

Example tasks:

TASK 1
Simplify the expression
cos α . ¿¿
 88. Trigonometric functions of an acute angle. Exercise (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:

TASK 1
1 1
2
+ 2
=1
1+ tan α 1+ cot α

TASK 2
2 2 2
sin α −cos α =2 sin α −1

89. Trigonometric functions of acute angles that add up to 90° (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:

TASK 1

1 sin ( 90 °−α )
−
sin ( 90 °−α ) 1+sin α

90. Finding the basic elements of a right triangle. (1 LESSON)

- The four basic problems for solving a right triangle

Example tasks:

TASKS 1
To solve a right-angled ABC , ifc=12 , α=45 °

91. Finding the basic elements of a right triangle. Exercise. (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:

TASK 1
3
c=15 cm , sin
5

92. Finding elements of an isosceles triangle. (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:
TASK 1
The side of an isosceles triangle is 17 cm, and the cosine of the angle at its base is 8/17. Find the area
of the triangle

93. Finding elements of isosceles and right trapezoids. (1 LESSON)

- Isosceles triangle
- A rectangular trapezoid

Example tasks:

TASK 1
The base of an isosceles triangle is 4 cm, and the tangent of the angle at the base is 5/4. Find the
radius of the circle circumscribed about the triangle.

94. Application of the trigonometric functions of an acute angle. Practical tasks (1

LESSON)
95. Summary of the unit "Trigonometric Functions of an Acute Angle" (3 LESSON)
96. Tests focused on the unit "Trigonometric acute angle functions" (1 LESSON)

10th grade (2020-2021)

UNIT 1. IRRATIONAL EXPRESSIONS. IRRATIONAL EQUATIONS

THIS UNIT IS ABOUT:

 irrational expressions and the terms related to them;
 irrational equations.

STUDENTS LEARN:
 to determine permissible values of irrational expression;
 to calculate a numerical value of an irrational expression;
 to perform identical transformations of irrational expressions;
 to solve irrational equations with one or two radicals;
 to understand the meaning of the relations "follows" and "equivalence" when solving irrational
equations.

LESSONS:
 1. Square Root Operations. Revision (1 LESSON)
- Square root of a product
- Multiplying a root
- Square root of quotient
- Root division
- Multiplying the square root
- Multiplying under the square root
- Comparing roots

Example tasks:

TASK 1

√ 6 √ 22 √ 12
√7 √14 √ 88

TASK 2

√12+ √75−√108
√3

2. Irrational expressions (1 LESSON)

- Irrational expression
- Radical in normal form
- Coefficient
- Feasible value

Example tasks:

TASK 1
Find the allowed values of x in the following expression:

√
A= 4−x 2+ ¿
5
√ x −x
2
¿

TASK 2
Calculate the numerical value of the expression

A=3 x −2+ √ x +5 x−6 , x=3

2

3. Transforming irrational expressions (1 LESSON)

- Rationalize the denominator of the fraction
Example tasks:

TASK 1

A=
( x + √ x2 +9
x−√ x + 9
2
−
x− √ x 2 +9
x+ √ x + 9
2 ) .
9
4 x √ x 2+ 9
x≠0

4. Irrational equations with one square radical (1 LESSON)

- An irrational equation

Example tasks:

TASK 1

√ 3 x2 −5 x−3=3 x−7

5. Irrational equations with two square radicals (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:

TASK 1

√ x 2−9 x+ 8= √1+ x−2 x 2

TASK 2

√ 15−x + √ 3−x =6

6. Irrational equations. Exercise. (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:

TASK 1

√ x 4 +7 x 2+10=2

TASK 2

√ 2 x +5−2 √ x−2=3
7. Irrational equations. Exercise. (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:
TASK 1
( x−9 ) . √ 2−x=0

TASK 2

( x 2−4 x+ 3 ) . √7−x=0

8. Irrational equations that are solved by postulation. (1 LESSON)

- Ways to solve equations by substitution

Example tasks:

TASK 1

√ x 2+ 4 x +1+ √2 x 2+ 8 x+ 9=4

TASK 2

√ x −2 x +√ x −2 x +33=3
2 2

TASK 3

√ x−2
x+1
+2
√
x +1
x−2

9. Solving irrational equations with equivalence theorem (1 LESSON)

- Equivalence theorem

Example tasks:

TASK 1

√ 2 x +3+ √ x +1=1

TASK 2

√ 3 x+19−2= √ x +7

10. Summary of the unit "Irrational expressions. Irrational Equations" (3 LESSONS)

11. Tests on the unit "Irrational expressions. Irrational Equations" (1 LESSON)

UNIT 2. PROGRESSIONS
THIS UNIT IS ABOUT:
 number sequences, terms and properties, related to them;
 arithmetic progression, its elements and properties;
 geometric progression, its elements and properties;
 simple and compound interest; in credit, annuity, lease.

STUDENTS LEARN:
 to construct a number series according to a given rule;
 to determine whether a series is monotonic;
 to find the elements of arithmetic and geometric progression;
 to solve combined problems of arithmetic and geometric progression;
 to model with progression;
 to solve practical problems related to simple and compound interest.

12. Number sequence. A way to set number sequences. (1 LESSON)

- A finite number sequence
- An infinite number sequence
- Ways to set number sequences - analytically, verbally, with recursive dependence
and graphically
- Monotonicity of a series

Example tasks:

TASK 1
Write the first 6 numbers of the series with a common term
n n+ 1
a n=(−1)
n

TASK 2
Write the first five terms of the recurring series
a 1=2; a2=3 ; a n=n an −1 +a n−2

TASK 3
Prove that the series with common term is strictly increasing
2n+ 3
a n=
2n−1

13. Arithmetic progression. Formula for the common term of an arithmetic progression.
(1 LESSON)
- Arithmetic progression
 - Difference of progression
- Formula for the common term of an arithmetic progression

Example tasks:

TASK 1
Find the first term and difference of an arithmetic progression given:

{a 7−a 3=8
a5 +a 1=22

TASK 2
Between the numbers 5 and 32, find 8 numbers that, together with the given ones, form an arithmetic
progression

14. Properties of arithmetic progression. (1 LESSON)

- 2 main properties

Example tasks:

TASK 1
In an arithmetic progression a 12 =64, find a 10 +a 14

15. Formula for the sum of the first n terms of an arithmetic progression. (1 LESSON)
- Formulas for the sum Sn

Example tasks:

TASK 1
Find the first term and difference of an arithmetic progression for which

{5 a1 +10 a5=0
S4

TASK 2
Find a 1 and d of an arithmetic progression in which the sum of the first 6 terms is 12 and the sum of
the next 6 is 84

16. Geometric progression. Formula for the common term of a geometric progression
(1 LESSON)
- Geometric progression
 - Quotient to the progression
- Formula for the common term of a geometric progression

Example tasks:

TASK 1
For geometric progression are given:
625 5
a 7= , q=
32 2
Find a 1

TASK 2
Between the numbers 3 and 96, find 4 numbers that, together with the given ones, form a geometric
progression

17. Properties of the geometric progression (1 LESSON)

- Basic 2 properties of geometric progression

Example tasks:

TASK 1
For the geometric progression, it is known that a 5 =2. Find the product of the first nine terms of the
progression.

18. Formula for the sum of the first n terms of a geometric progression (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:

TASK 1
Find three numbers that form a geometric progression if their sum is 14 and their product is 64.

TASK 2
Four numbers form a geometric progression. The sum of the two final numbers is 27, and the product
of the two middle numbers is 72. Find the numbers.

TASK 3
The first term of a geometric progression is equal to 2, and the sum of the first 8 terms is 4 times
greater than the sum of the first four terms. Find the ninth term of the progression.

19. Combined problems from arithmetic and geometric progression. (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:

TASK 1
Of four numbers, the first three form a geometric progression, and the last three - an arithmetic
progression. Find the numbers if the sum of the two middle numbers is 12 and the sum of the two
outer numbers is 14.

TASK 2
Find the difference of an arithmetic progression with first term 24 if the first, fifth and eleventh terms
form a geometric progression.

TASK 3
Four numbers form a geometric progression. The sum of the first two numbers is related to the sum of
the last two as 1 : 4, and the product of the first two numbers is 10 greater than the fourth.
Find the numbers.

TASK 4
The sum of the first 10 terms of an arithmetic progression is 155, and the sum of the first two terms of
a geometric progression is 9. The first term and the difference of the arithmetic progression are equal
to the quotient and the first term of the geometric progression, respectively. Find the two progressions
if their terms are integers.

20. Simple interest. Compound interest. (1 LESSON)

- Capital
- Interest rate
- Simple interest
- Deposit
- Compound interest

Example tasks:

TASK 1
In how many years will an amount taken from the bank at 8% simple interest grow by 1.4 times?

TASK 2
The sum of BGN 6,000 was invested at a compound interest rate of 4.5%. How much will this amount
grow to in 8 years?

TASK 3
What amount should a father deposit with his six-year-old child in a bank that pays 4% annual
compound interest if he wants him to have BGN 20,000 when he turns 18?

TASK 4
After how long will a sum given at 5% compound interest grow to half its value?

21. Practical problems related to compound interest. (1 LESSON)

- Credit
- Аnnuity
- Leasing

Example tasks:

TASK 1
An entrepreneur repays a bank loan with annual installments of BGN 1,970 each over 6 years. What
amount is the loan if the interest multiplier is 1.05?

TASK 2
A family has BGN 15,000 in the bank. In order to buy a home for BGN 35,000, they take a loan from a
bank for 15 years at an annual compound interest rate of 4.5%. Determine the annual repayments.

TASK 3
An heir to a sum of BGN 100,000 invests it in a company for 10 years at an interest rate of 5%. What
rent will he receive from the firm at the end of each year?

22. “Progressions“ Unit Summary (3 LESSONS)

23. Tests on the unit "Progressions". (1 LESSON)

UNIT 3. STATISTICS AND DATA PROCESSING

THIS UNIT IS ABOUT:

 statistical totality, general totality;
 sample;
 simple statistical series, rank series, variance series;
 median, mode, quartiles;
 range, quartile range.

STUDENTS LEARN:
 to find arithmetic mean, median, mode and understand their meaning;
 to find quartiles and understand their meaning;
 to perform a five-figure representation of the data.

24. Descriptive statistics (1 LESSON)

- Occurrence of statistics
 - Object and subject of statistics
- Statistical totality
- General totality sample
- Statistical data
- Data presentation – rank order and variation order
-
Example tasks:

TASK 1
49 patients with a given diagnosis "A" were sampled for days of hospital stay. The data obtained are
given in the table in the order in which they were collected

5 7 7 8 9 5 3 4 5 6
8 8 3 9 6 7 8 8 9 7
7 5 5 6 6 5 4 7 6 5
Present the data in rank series, variance series, bar chart and line chart

25. Central Tendencies - Mode, Median, and Arithmetic Mean. (1 LESSON)

- Arithmetic mean value
- Median
- Mode

Example tasks:

TASK 1
Find the arithmetic mean, median, and mode of the given series
6,7,5,7,6,6,7,8,5,6,7

TASK 2
The arithmetic mean of the series 4, 5, 6, 8, 8, 9, 9, 9 is equal to the arithmetic mean of the sequence
5, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 9, x. Find the median of the second row

26. Five-digit representation of data. (1 LESSON)

- Quarters
- Earned data presentation

Example tasks:

TASK 1
Construct a five-figure representation of the data and draw a suitable diagram. Find the range and the
interquartile range.
23, 24, 19, 16, 26, 18, 20, 22, 20, 33, 23, 26, 34, 22, 30

27. Practical tasks. Exercise. (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:

TASK 1
A restaurant delivers custom-made food to customers' homes. It's done
monitoring of delivery times (in minutes) when orders are fulfilled.
The following sample is obtained: 17, 38, 23, 27, 30, 12, 25, 15, 30, 26, 34, 13, 35. Find the arithmetic
mean of th time for one delivery. Construct a five-number representation of the data and draw a graph.
Analyze the resulting diagram.

UNIT 4. TRIANGLE

THIS UNIT IS ABOUT:

 the trigonometric functions in the interval [0; 180°]; the trigonometric identities in the interval
[0; 180°]; sine and cosine theorem;
 formulas for medians and triangle bisectors;
 area formulas of a triangle.

STUDENTS LEARN:
 to find the values of the trigonometric functions for some special angles, as well as the angle
at a given value of the function;
 apply the sine and cosine theorem to solve any triangle;
 apply the formulas for medians and bisectors in a triangle,

28. Trigonometric functions sine, cosine, tangent and cotangent in the interval [0°; 180°].
Revision (1 LESSON)
- Trigonometric functions in a right triangle
- Unit trigonometric circle
- Definition of trigonometric functions of α from 0° to 180°

29. Basic trigonometric identities in the interval [0°; 180°]. (1 LESSON)

- Basic trigonometric identities for the sine and cosine functions
- Basic trigonometric identities for the tangent and cotangent functions

Example tasks:

TASK 1
With a given value of a trigonometric function, find the values of the remaining three trigonometric
functions
12
a) sin α= , αϵ ( 0 ° , 90° )
13
−7
b) cos α=
25
2
c) cot α =
5

30. A table of the values of the trigonometric functions of some special angles in the
interval [0°; 180°] (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:

TASK 1
¿

TASK 2

2 √5
sin(¿ 90° + α ). cos (180 °−α ) . cos(90° + α). sin ( 180 °−α ) ,sin α = ¿
5

31. Calculating trigonometric expressions. Exercise (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:

TASK 1
cos ( 180−α )−1 cot(90 °−α )
A= .
tan α tan ¿ ¿ ¿

32. Sine Theorem. (1 LESSON)

- Sine theorem. Evidence

Example tasks:

TASK 1
An isosceles triangle with an angle at the apex of 30̊ has a base AB = 12 cm . A point D is taken on
the BC , so that angle CAD and angle DAB = 1:4. Find the radius of the circle circumscribed about
ABD

TASK 2
The base of an isosceles triangle is 10 cm, and the angle at its base is 2α. Find the bisector of the
angle at the base.

TASK 3
AB =12, γ =60 ̊ are given in ABC . Find the radius of the circle circumscribed about ABL , where L is
the point of intersection of the bisector ABC

33. Solving an arbitrary triangle using the sine theorem - basic problems (1 LESSON)
- Basic elements of a triangle
- Three basic problems for solving any triangle

Example tasks:

TASK 1
The altitudes in an obtuse triangle ABC intersect at point H . Prove that the circumscribed around ABC
and ABH circles have equal radii.

TASK 2
Prove that in any triangle the side which lies opposite an angle of 30 degrees is equal to the radius of
the circle circumscribed about the triangle.

34. Cosine Theorem. (1 LESSON)

- Cosine theorem
- Consequences of the cosine theorem

Example tasks:

TASK 1
The length of the diagonal of a rectangle is 32 cm, and the angle between its diagonals is 135
degrees. Find the sides of the rectangle.

TASK 2
The center of the circle inscribed in a right triangle is at a distance from the ends of the hypotenuse.
Find the hypotenuse.

35. Solving an arbitrary triangle using the cosine theorem - basic problems (1 LESSON)
- Basic problems

Example tasks:

TASK 1
 c
For a triangle ABC , it is given that cos α= .Prove that the triangle is isosceles with base c .
2b

TASK 2
Prove that if a and b are adjacent sides in a parallelogram ( a > b ), d 1 and d 2 are its diagonals ( d 1>
2 2
d 2 ), and φ is the acute angle between them, thena −b =d 1 d 2 cos φ

36. Formulas for medians of a triangle (1 LESSON)

- Formulas for medians

Example tasks:

TASK 1
2 2 2
Prove that if m a +mb=5 m c , the triangle is right angled

TASK 2
A triangle has sides 136, 170, and 174. Find the medians of the triangle using the formulas
2 2 2
a=
3
√ 2 mb2 +2 mc 2−ma2 , b= √ 2 ma2 +2 mc 2−mb2 ,c= √2 ma 2+ 2mb 2−mc 2
3 3

37. Triangle bisector formulas. (1 LESSON)

- Bisector formulas

Example tasks:

TASK 1
In triangle ABC, AC =3 cm, BC =6 cm and angle ACB =120 degrees are given. Find the length of the
bisector CL (L ϵ AB )

TASK 2
In a triangle ABC, AB = 20 cm AC = 45 cm and the bisector AL = 24 cm are given. Find the country
BC.

38. Formulas for the area of a triangle (1 LESSON)

- Basic formula for an area of a triangle
- Area formulas
- Heron's formula

Example tasks:
TASK 1
Find the area of a triangle given:

(
a) a=4 cm, β=30 ° , γ =45 ° , cos 15 ° =
√ 6+ √2
4 )
b) a=8 cm , b=26 cm , c=30 cm

39. Formulas for the area of a triangle. Exercise. (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:

TASK 1
Given a triangle with sides 15cm, 12cm and 18cm. A circle is constructed that touches the two smaller
sides and the center lies on the larger side. Find the area of the triangle, the radius of the circle, and
the segments into which the center divides the larger side.

40. Summary of the unit "Triangle" (3 LESSONS)

41. Tests on the unit "Triangle" (1 LESSON)

UNIT 5. ELEMENTS OF STEREOMETRY

THIS UNIT IS ABOUT:

 lines and planes in space and terms related to them;
 mutual position of two lines, angle between two lines;
 mutual position of line and plane, angle between line and plane;
 mutual position of two planes, angle between two planes;
 prism, pyramid;
 cylinder, a cone;
 sphere, orb.

STUDENTS LEARN:
 to find a linear angle of a dihedral angle;
 to find an angle between two crossed lines;
 to find elements, surface area and volume of a right prism, pyramid, cylinder, cone, sphere
and orb;
 to understand at a certain level the terms of "necessary condition", "sufficient condition" and
"necessary and sufficient condition" and apply them adequately to specific situations.

42. Lines and planes in space. Mutual position of two lines and an angle between them.
(1 LESSON)
- Axiomatic approach
- Basic statements
- Basic concepts
- Axioms of geometry
 - Defining a plane in space
- Mutual position of two lines
- Parallel lines
- Angle between two crossed lines

Example tasks:

TASK 1
Given a rectangular parallelepiped ABCDA1B1C1D1 with edges
AB=√ 6 cm , AD=√ 3 cm , AA 1=1 cm . Find the size of the angle between the lines:
a) AA1 and CB1
b) BC and DA1
c) AB1 and BC

43. Mutual position of a line and a plane. Perpendicularity of lines and planes. (1 LESSON)
- Parallelism of lines and planes
- Perpendicularity of lines and planes
- Properties

Example tasks:

TASK 1
Given a rectangle ABCD with sides AB =8 and BC =6. The segment MD =12 and is perpendicular to
AD and CD. Find the distance from point M to the intersection point O of the diagonals of the
rectangle.

44. Orthogonal projection. Angle between a line and a plane. (1 LESSON)

- Orthogonal projection
- Properties of orthogonal design
- Distance from point to plane
- Angle between a line and a plane
- Perpendicular and inclined

Example tasks:

TASK 1
From the vertex C of a square ABCD is erected a perpendicular to the plane of the square and CM
=AB. Find the angles that segments MB and MA make with the plane of the square.

TASK 2
From a point to a plane, a perpendicular and two inclined ones are constructed. Find the length of the
perpendicular if the ratio between the inclined is 3:4 and their projections are 9cm and 16cm

45. Relative position of two planes. Angle between two planes. (1 LESSON)
- Parallel planes
- A double-walled corner
- Perpendicular planes

Example tasks:

TASK 1
Given a triangular pyramid ABCM such that AB = 16 cm, AC = BC = 17 cm and AM = BM . If angle
AMB =90 degrees and CM =13 cm , find the angle between ABM and ABC

46. A straight prism. (1 LESSON)

- Prism
- Surface of a right prism
- Volume of a prism
- Straight parallelepiped – straight and rectangular parallelepiped, cube

Example tasks:

TASK 1
The main edges of a right triangular prism are equal to 10 cm, 17 cm and 21 cm, and its volume is
1512 cubic cm. Find the perimeter edge and surface area of the prism.

TASK 2
The sides of the base of a right triangular prism are 25cm, 29cm and 36cm, and its surface area is
1620 square cm. Find the perimeter and the height of the prism.

47. Pyramid. (1 LESSON)

- Pyramid
- Volume and surface area of a pyramid

Example tasks:

TASK 1
Find the volume of a regular quadrangular pyramid whose surface is 360 square cm and whose
apothem is 13m

TASK 2
Find the volume of a regular triangular pyramid with base edge 6cm, to which the surrounding edges
are perpendicular.

48. Pyramid. Exercise. (1 LESSON)

- Properties

Example tasks:

TASK 1
The base of a pyramid is an isosceles trapezoid with acute angle α and height h . The surrounding
walls of the pyramid make angles equal to β with the base. Find the volume of the pyramid.

TASK 2
The base of a pyramid is a rectangle with face B =9 cm 2. Two surrounding walls of the pyramid are
perpendicular to the base, and the other two are inclined to it at angles of 30 degrees and 60 degrees.
Find the volume of the pyramid.

49. Right circular cylinder (1 LESSON)

- Right circular cylinder
- Surface of a right circular cylinder
- Volume of a right circular cylinder

Example tasks:

TASK 1
The face of the axial section of a right circular cylinder is equal to Q, and the diagonal of this section
forms an angle α with the base of the cylinder. Find the total surface area and volume of the cylinder

TASK 2
The sum of the radius and height of a right circular cylinder is 18cm, and its surface area is 144π cm2.
Find the radius and height of the cylinder.

50. Straight circular cone (1 LESSON)

- Right circular cone
- Surface of a right circular cone
- Volume of a right circular cone

Example tasks:

TASK 1
The radius of the base of an equilateral cone (the axial section is an equilateral triangle) is r . Find the
face of the section passed through two generators, the angle between which is 30 degrees.
TASK 2
A right triangle with an acute angle of 30 degrees and the height h to the hypotenuse is rotated about
a line that passes through the vertex of the right angle and is parallel to the hypotenuse. Find the
volume of the resulting body of revolution.

51. Sphere and orb. (1 LESSON)

- Sphere
- Orb

Example tasks:

TASK 1
circle is circumscribed around an isosceles triangle with leg b and angle 2α between the legs. The
resulting figure is rotated around the height to the base of the triangle. Find the surface areas and
volumes of the resulting cone and sphere.

52. Summary of the unit "Elements of Stereometry" (3 LESSONS)

53. Tests on the unit "Elements of stereometry" (1 LESSON)

TOPIC 6. PREFACE AND SUMMARY OF NODAL THEMES

 11th grade (2021-2022)

UNIT 1. POWER AND LOGARITHM

THIS UNIT IS ABOUT:

 N-th root and its properties;
 the functions y= √ x , y=x 3 , y= √
3
x and their properties;
 rational exponent and its properties;
 the function y = ax and its properties;
 logarithm and its properties;
 the function y = logax and its properties.

STUDENTS LEARN:
 to convert irrational expressions containing the n-th root;
 to convert expressions containing rational exponent;
 apply the properties of logarithms to transform expressions;
 to find the elements of a logarithm - value, base or argument, in the presence of the remaining
two quantities;
 recognize the graphs of exponential and logarithmic functions.

1. Root three. Properties (1 LESSON)

- Square root (revision)
- Root three

Example tasks:

TASK 1

√3 8 a b5 c 4
TASK 2

√ ( )
3 2
a b3 1 c
2
2 . a≠o,b≠o,c≠0
c 2 ab

2. Root n-th. Properties (1 LESSON)

- nth root of a negative number
- nth root of any real number
- Rules

Example tasks:

TASK 1

√7 492 .128 .343

TASK 2

√5 5+√ 57 . √5 5−√57

3. Conversion of irrational expressions (1 LESSON)

- Irrational expression
- Coefficient of Radical
- A normal state of radical
- Similar radicals
- Domain area of irrational expression
- Actions with irrational expressions
- Rationalizing the denominator of a fraction

Example tasks:

TASK 1
Determine the possible values of x in the expression

√4 x 2−5 x+ 4

TASK 2
Rationalize the denominator of the fraction:
5
√ 4−√ 6+ √3 9
3 3

4. Conversion of irrational expressions. Exercise (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:

TASK 1

√8 (−8)8 + √5 (−2)5 +√ ( √ 3− √2 ) −√3

6 6

5. Function. Graphs of a function. Revision with addition (1 LESSON)

- Function. Definition
- Graph of the function y = f (x), x ϵ D
- A strictly increasing and strictly decreasing function
- Graph of the function y = x 2 , D : x ϵ (– ∞; +∞)
- Properties of the function y = x 2 , D : x ϵ (– ∞; +∞)
- Graph of the function y = x 2 , D : x ϵ [p; Q]
- Largest and smallest value of the function y = x 2 , D : x ϵ [p; Q]
- Graphs of the functions y = f(x) + a and y = f(x) – a for a > 0
- Graphs of the functions y = f(x – a) and y = f(x + a) for a > 0
- Graph of the function y = аf(x) for a > 0
- Graph of the function y = –f(x)
- Graph of the function y = |f(x)|

Example tasks:

TASK 1
Using the graph on function y = x 2 , draw the graphs of the functions:

y=3 x 2
2
y=x +1
y=x 2−1

6. Graph the function y= √ x (1 LESSON)

- Graph of the function y = √ x , D : x ϵ [0; +∞)

- Properties of the function y ¿ √ x , D : x ϵ [0; +∞)

- Graph of the function y ¿ √ x , D : x ϵ [p; q], 0 < p < q

- Largest and smallest value of the function y ¿ √ x , D : x ϵ [p; q], 0 < p < q

- Graphs of the functions y = x 2 and y ¿ √ x at x ϵ [0; +∞)

Example tasks:

TASK 1
Find the smallest and largest value of y ¿ √ x if: x [4; 25]
TASK 2
Using the graph of the function y ¿ √ x , draw the graphs of the functions:

y=−2+ √ x
−1
y= √x
2

7. Graphs of functions y=x 3 , y=√

3
x (1 LESSON)
- The function y=x 3

- Function properties y=x 3 , x ϵ (– ∞ ;+ ∞)

- The function y= √
3
x D : x ϵ ( – ∞ ; +∞)
- Function properties y= √
3
x D : x ϵ (– ∞; +∞)
- Graphs of functions y=x 3 и y=√
3
x , при x ϵ( – ∞ ;+∞ )

Example task:

TASK 1
Using the graph of the function y = x 3 , draw the graphs of the functions:
y= -x 3
y = ( x – 1) 3

TASK 2
Using the graph of the function y= √
3
x , draw the graphs of the functions:
y= √ x−1
3

y=2+|√ x|
3

8. An integer exponent. Revision (1 LESSON)

- Natural number exponent
- Zero exponent
- Negative exponent
- Standard notation (type) of numbers

Example tasks:

TASK 1
−2
(−2 x ¿¿ 3)3 . (−6 x 4 y 9 ) 3
C= 5 −4
x=27. 3−4 y =(−8 ) .(−4)−4 ¿
(−3 y )
 9. Rational exponent. Properties (1 LESSON)
- Positive fractional exponent
- Negative fractional exponent

Example tasks:

TASK 1
Simplify the expressions and write the results with the roots
−1 −1
(x 3
. y 2 )3
B= −3
x >0 , y >0
2 2
x .y

10. Convert expressions containing with a rational exponent (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:

TASK 1
3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4
(a + b )(a −b ) 1 1
A= ; a= , b=
1
2
1
2
2 8
a −b

11. Exponential function. Graph of the exponential function (1 LESSON)

- The function y = a x , a > 1, D : x ϵ (– ∞; +∞)
- Properties of the function y = a x , a > 1
- The function y = a x , 0 < a < 1, D : x ϵ (– ∞; +∞)
- Properties of the function y = ax, 0 < a < 1

Example tasks:

TASK 1
What is the sign of x if:
2 x = 0.25

TASK 2
Draw the graph of the function: y = –3 – x

12. Logarithm. Basic properties (1 LESSON)

- Definition
Example tasks:

TASK 1
Calculate the value of the expression
D=log 2 16+ 2 log 1 25−lg 0,0001
5

TASK 2
Calculate:

()
1 +log 1 2
1 2

13. Logarithm. Exercise (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:

TASK 1
Calculate the values of the expressions:
log 1 9+ log 5 5
3

2 +log3 5
3

TASK 2
Determine the permissible values of x in the expressions:
2
N=log x +8 ( x +3 x )

14. Logarithm. Comparing logarithms (1 LESSON)

- Comparison rules
- Practical rule for determining the sign of log x, x > 0, a > 0, a ≠ 1

Example tasks:

TASK 1
Compare the logarithms:
log 5 7 и log 7 5

15. Logarithmic function. Graph of the logarithmic function (1 LESSON)

- The function y=log a x, a > 1, D : x ϵ ( – ∞ ;+∞)
 - Function properties y=log a x , a>1

- The function y=log a x , 0<a <1

- Function properties y=log a x , 0<a <1

x
- Graphs of functions y=a и y=log a x , a>0 , a ≠ 1

Example tasks:

TASK 1
Using the graph of the function y = log 2 x, draw the graphs of the functions:
y=−2+ log 2 x
y=1+ log 2 x

16. Logarithm of product, quotient, power and root (1 LESSON)

- Logarithm of a product
- Logarithm of quotient
- Logarithm of power
- Logarithm of a root

Example tasks:

TASK 1
Calculate:
3 25 18
log 2 + log 2 + log 2
5 27 5

TASK 2
Find x (x > 0) by antilogarithmizing the expression:
log 5 x=2 log5 3+3 log 5 2−2 log 5 6

17. Logarithm of product, quotient, power and root. Exercise (1 LESSON)

- Changing the base of a logarithm

Example tasks:

TASK 1
Calculate the values on the expressions:

D=log 7
√
3 1
9
. log 3 49

F=log 5 3 √ 3 . log √3 125

 18. “Power and Logarithm” Summary (3 LESSONS)
19. Tests on the topic "Power and logarithm" (1 LESSON)

UNIT 2. PLANE FIGURES

THIS UNIT IS ABOUT:
 parallelogram;
 trapezoid;
 quadrilateral;
 regular polygon.

STUDENTS LEARN:
 to solve a parallelogram;
 to solve a trapezoid;
 to solve a quadrilateral;
 to solve a regular polygon;
 to estimate correctness, rationality and expediency when choosing an approach to solving a
problem;
 to model a geometric situation using an algebraic or trigonometric expression.

20. Solving a Triangle. Revision (1 LESSON)

- Basic elements of a triangle
- Law of sine
- Law of cosine
- Consequences of the cosine theorem
- Formulas for medians
- Bisector formulas
- Area formulas

Example tasks:

TASK 1
Find the sides of a triangle with area S = 84 if they are consecutive integers.

TASK 2
Two of the sides of a triangle are 6 and 12, and the angle between them is 120°. Find the angle
bisector of the triangle that bisects the given angle
 21. Solving a parallelogram (1 LESSON)
- Basic elements of a parallelogram
- Formulas for a parallelogram
- Types of parallelograms

Example tasks:

TASK 1
The sides of a parallelogram are 13 and 7, and the angle between its diagonals is 30°. Find the area of
the parallelogram.

TASK 2
Find the perimeter of parallelogram ABCD with area 60 cm2 if AB = 15 cm and angle BAD = 30°.

TASK 3
Find the perimeter of parallelogram ABCD with area 32 cm2 if AD = 6 cm and the angle between the
diagonals is 45°.

22. Solving a parallelogram. Exercise (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:

TASK 1
In the parallelogram ABCD angle BAD = 30°, AD = 2 and BD = 4. Find: AB; P; S; AC.

TASK 2
In the parallelogram ABCD AB = 8, AD = 5 and angle BAD = 60°. Find:
a) the diagonals AC and BD;
b) the heights ha and hb;
c) the radii R1 and R2 of the circles circumscribed about the triangles ABC and ABD

23. Solving a trapezoid (1 LESSON)

- Basic elements of the trapezoid
- Trapezium formulas
- Types of trapezoids

Example tasks:

TASK 1
Trapezoid ABCD has bases AB = 10, CD = 3 and diagonals AC = 12, BD = 5. Find the area S of the
trapezoid and the size of the angle φ between its diagonals.
TASK 2
Trapezoid ABCD has bases AB = 8, CD = 3 and hips BC = 9, AD = 6. Find the area S of the trapezoid.

24. Solving a trapezoid. Exercise (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:

TASK 1
A trapezoid with an angle of 60° at the large base is inscribed in a circle of radius R, and the diagonal
forms an angle of 45° with it. Find the area S of the trapezoid.

TASK 2
α is inscribed in a circle with radius R, which is bisected by the diagonal. Find the area S of the
trapezoid.

TASK 3
Trapezoid ABCD is inscribed in a circle of radius 2. Diagonal AC is the bisector of angle BAD. Find the
area S of the trapezoid if its base AB is 2 times the base CD.

25. Solving an isosceles trapezoid. Exercise (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:

TASK 1
Given an isosceles trapezoid ABCD with bases AB = a and CD = b (a > b). If
Angle BAD = α find the area S of the trapezoid.

TASK 2
Find the area S of an isosceles trapezoid with bases a, b and diagonal d.

TASK 3
The length of one of the diagonals of an isosceles trapezoid is d and it forms an acute angle α with the
large base. Find the area S of the trapezoid.

26. Solving a quadrilateral (1 LESSON)

- Formula for the area of an arbitrary quadrilateral
- Formula for area of a circumscribed quadrilateral
- Formula for area of an inscribed quadrilateral
- Formula for area of a circumscribed and inscribed quadrilateral

Example tasks:
TASK 1
Quadrilateral ABCD is inscribed in a circle. Find its area S if AB = 5, BC = 7, CD = 3 √ 3and AD =2.

TASK 2
A quadrilateral ABCD is inscribed in a circle. If AB = BC= √ 19, CD = 3 and DA = 2, find the area of the
quadrilateral.

27. Solving a quadrilateral. Exercise (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:

TASK 1
Quadrilateral ABCD with sides AB = 19 cm, BC = 7 cm, CD = 15 cm and AD = 21 cm is inscribed in a
circle. The lines AB and CD intersect at M. Find the ratio of the areas of triangle AMD and quadrilateral
ABCD.

TASK 2
On the sides AB, BC, CD and DA of the quadrilateral ABCD, points M, N, P and Q are taken
1
respectively such that AM : MB = BN : NC = CP : PD = DQ : QA= . Find the ratio of the areas of the
2
quadrilaterals MNPQ and ABCD.

28. Solving a regular polygon (1 LESSON)

- Elements of a regular polygon

Example tasks:

TASK 1
Find the area of a regular n-gon inscribed in a circle of radius R if: n = 5

TASK 2
Find the area of a regular n-gon circumscribed about a circle of radius r if: n = 18

29. Solving a regular polygon. Exercise (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:

TASK 1
To find the diameters of the circles circumscribed and of the circles inscribed for a regular hexagon, if
their difference is 6.
TASK 2
A square and a regular hexagon are inscribed in a circle. Find the ratio of their perimeters.

TASK 3
An equilateral triangle and a regular hexagon are described around a circle. Find the ratio of their
areas

30. Plane Figures unit “Summary” (3 LESSONS)

31. Tests on the topic "Plane figures" (1 LESSON)

UNIT 3. TRIGONOMETRY
THIS UNIT IS ABOUT:
 generalized angle and radian;
 trigonometric functions of a generalized angle;
 basic trigonometric identities;
 evenness, oddness and periodicity of trigonometric functions;
 graphs of the functions y = sin x, y = cos x, y = tg x and y = cotg x;
 trigonometric formulas.
STUDENTS LEARN:
 to convert degree measure of angles to radian and vice versa;
 to apply the basic properties of trigonometric functions;
 to recognize the graphs of basic trigonometric functions;
 to convert trigonometric expressions using the studied formulas.

32. Generalized angle. Radian (1 LESSON)

- Elementary angle
- Directed (orientated) angle
- Generalized angle
- A radian measure of an angle

Example tasks:

TASK 1
Write in the form α + k . 360°, α ϵ [0; 360°), the measure of the generalized angle 660°

TASK 2
Write in the form α + k . 360°, α ϵ (– 180; 180°], the measure of the generalized angle - 40°;
TASK 3
Express in radians the generalized angle -210°;

33. Trigonometric functions of a generalized angle (1 LESSON)

- Trigonometric functions of a real argument

Example tasks:

TASK 1
Prove that the values of the trigonometric functions of the generalized angles α and β are equal if:
α = 210°, β = – 150°;

TASK 2
Find sin α , cos α , tg α, cotg α if: α = 570°;

34. Basic trigonometric identities (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:

TASK 1
Given a value of one trigonometric function, find the values of the other three trigonometric functions:

cot x=
8
15 (
, x∈ π ;
3π
2 )
35. Axis of tangents and axis of cotangents (1 LESSON)
- Tangent axis
- Axis of cotangents

Example tasks:

TASK 1

−√ 3
Name three negative angles for whichcot x=
3

TASK 2
Compare:
tg 20° and tg 80°;

36. Evenness, oddness and periodicity of trigonometric functions (1 LESSON)

- Periodicity of trigonometric functions
Example tasks:

TASK 1
Prove that the function is even:
f(x) = 5 cos x + 3x 2

TASK 2
Prove that the function is odd:
f(x) = 2x + sin x – cotg x

TASK 3
Find the period of the functions:
y = cos 4x

37. Graph the function y = sin x (1 LESSON)

- Variation of the function y = sin x
- Graph of the function y = sin x in the interval [0; 2 π ]
- Graph the function y = sin x on the interval( – ∞ ;+ ∞)

Example tasks:

TASK 1
In the interval [0; 2 π ] draw the graphs of the functions:
y = 3 – |sin x |
y = -2 + son x

38. Graph of the function y = cos x (1 LESSON)

- Variation of the function y = cos x
- Graph of the function y = cos x in the interval [0; 2 π ]
- Graph of the function y = cos x in the interval x ϵ (– ∞; +∞)

Example tasks:

TASK 1
In the interval [0; 2 π ] draw the graphs of the functions:
y = 1 + cos x;
y = cos 3x

39. Graph the function y = tg x (1 LESSON)

 −π π
- Variation of the function y = tg x in the interval x ϵ( ; )
2 2
−π π
- Graph of the function y = tg x in the interval x ϵ( ; )
2 2
π
- Graph the function y = tg x on the interval x ≠ (2 k +1)
2

Example tasks:

TASK 1

In the interval ( −π2 ; π2 )

, draw the graphs of the functions:

y = –3tg x;
y = 2tg x + 3

40. Graph the function y = cotg x (1 LESSON)

- Variation of the function y = cotg x in the interval x ϵ (0; π )
- Graph of the function y = cotg x in the interval x ϵ (0; π )
- Graph the function y = cotg x in the interval x≠ kπ

Example tasks:

TASK 1
In the interval (0; π ), draw the graphs of the functions:
y = cotg x + 1;
y = |cotg x| – 2

41. Formulas for sine and cosine of the sum and difference of two angles (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:

TASK 1
Calculate the values of the expressions: cos 47° cos17° + sin 47° sin 17°;

TASK 2
Simplify the expressions:
sin ( α + β ) – sin ( α – β )

42. Formulas for tangent and cotangent of sum and difference of two angles (1 LESSON)
Example tasks:

TASK 1
tan63 °−tan 33 °
1+ cot 27 ° cot 57 °

43. Formulas for trigonometric functions of sum and difference of two angles. Exercise
(1 LESSON)

Example tasks:

TASK 1
cot α cot β−1 cot α cot β +1
− =2 cot α
cot ( α+ β ) cot ( α−β )

44. Formulas for double-angle trigonometric functions (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:

TASK 1
For the feasible values of α, prove the identities:
sin2 α −sin α
=tan α
1−cos α +cos 2 α

45. Formulas for trigonometric functions of half angles. Exercise (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:

TASK 1

Simplify the expression A=

√ 1+cos 8 α
2
+ 2sin 2 α
2

π
At0 ≤ α ≤
8

46. Formulas for sum and difference of trigonometric functions (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:

TASK 1
Present in the form of a product the expressions:
cos 2x – cos 2 years
2sin 2 x – cos 2 x.

TASK 2
Break it down to multipliers the expressions:
sin x + sin 2x + sin 3 x + son 4x ;

47. Formulas for the product of trigonometric functions (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:

TASK 1
Summarize the works:
A = 4sin 20°cos 50°cos 80°

48. Converting trigonometric expressions. Exercise (1 LESSON)

49. Trigonometry” unit summary (3 LESSONS)
50. Tests on the unit "Trigonometry" (1 LESSON)

UNIT 4. PROBABILITIES
THIS UNIT IS ABOUT:
 conditional probability;
 multiplication theorem of probabilities;
 independent events;
 models of repeated experiments with two possible outcomes;
 probability distributions with sum 1;
 geometric probability on a line as a ratio of interval lengths;
 geometric probability in the plane as a ratio of faces in figures.

STUDENTS LEARN:
 to find probability of intersection of two events;
 to apply the models of repeated trials with two possible outcomes in specific practical
situations;
 to calculate a probability distribution with sum 1;
 to find geometric probability on a line;
 to find geometric probability in the plane.

51. Classical probability. Revision (1 LESSON)

- Combinations
 - Number of combinations
- Classical probability
- Properties
- Probability of sum of incompatible events
- Probability of an opposite event
- Probability of sum of compatible events

Example tasks:

TASK 1
We have a deck of 52 cards. Without looking, we pull one of them. Graph the set of all elementary
events and find the probability that the card drawn is:
a) queen or ace;
b) checkers or diamonds.

52. Conditional probability. Probability Multiplication Theorem (1 LESSON)

- Conditional probability
- Probability Multiplication Theorem

Example tasks:

TASK 1
A student has prepared 15 out of all 20 exam questions. Find the probability that he answers correctly
two questions given to him at random.

TASK 2
4 winning and 16 non-winning tickets are placed in the urn. Two of them are drawn at random. Find
the probability that these tickets are:
a) winning;
b) unprofitable.

53. Independence. Theorem for multiplication of probabilities of independent events

(1 LESSON)
- Independent events

Example tasks:

TASK 1
Two shooters each fire one shot at a target. The first hits with a probability of 0.8, and the second with
a probability of 0.7. Find the probability in the target that:
a) has two hits;
b) no hits.

TASK 2
A student randomly answers two questions with 5 possible answers, of which only one is correct. Find
the probability that the student answers both questions:
a) true;
b) wrong.

54. Actions with probabilities. Exercise (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:

TASK 1
There are two workshops in a factory. In the first, 300 products were produced, 270 of which were of
good quality. In the second workshop, 200 products were made, 140 of which were of good quality. 1
product is randomly selected from each workshop. Find the probability of the two products:
a) exactly one is of good quality;
b) at least one is of good quality.

55. Models of repeated experiments with two possible outcomes (1 LESSON)

- Pascal's triangle and binomial coefficients
- Bernoulli scheme
- Scheme with return
- No return scheme
- Hypergeometric formula

Example tasks:

TASK 1
A correct die is rolled 5 times. Find the probability that four dots fall exactly:
a) 2 times;
b) 3 times.

TASK 2
A student randomly answers a 10-question test. Each question has 4 possible answers, of which only
one is correct. To find the probability that the student answers correctly to exactly:
a) 4 questions;
b) 6 questions.

TASK 3
A ball is drawn from a box with 10 white and 5 black balls, the color is recorded and it is returned. Find
the probability that, in six repetitions, they draw correctly:
a) 3 white balls;
b) 5 white balls.

TASK 4
From a box with 10 white and 5 black balls, 6 of them are successively removed without return. Find
the probability that they draw exactly:
a) 3 white balls;
b) 5 white balls.

56. Probability distributions with sum 1 (1 LESSON)

- Full set of incompatible events

Example tasks:

Describe a complete set of incompatible events from the experiment and find the probability of each of
them.

TASK 1
From a box with 5 white and 4 black balls, 3 balls are drawn consecutively without return.

TASK 2
In a batch of 20 parts, 12 are standard. 5 details are randomly selected.

TASK 3
A method for treating patients gives a positive result with a probability of 0.8. There are four patients in
the ward who are being treated by this method.

57. Geometric probability on the line as a ratio of interval lengths (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:

TASK 1
In a rectangular coordinate system Oxy, the graph of the function y = – x is constructed and the points
A(– 2; 2) and B(5; – 5) are marked on it. A point on segment AB is chosen at random. Find the
probability that it lies in quadrant IV.

58. Geometric probability in the plane as a face ratio of figures (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:
TASK 1
A point M is chosen at random inside a rectangle with sides 18 cm and 12 cm. Find the probability that
the distance from point M to the nearest side of the rectangle is not greater than 4 cm.

TASK 2
A circle with radius r is inscribed in a right triangle with sides 6 cm and 8 cm. Find the probability that a
randomly selected point from the interior of the triangle lies on the circle.

TASK 3
A point Q is randomly selected inside a square. Find the probability that point Q is inside the
quadrilateral whose vertices are midpoints of the sides of the square.

59. “Probability” unit summary (3 LESSONS)

60. Tests on the unit "Probabilities" (1 LESSON)

12TH GRADE (2022-2023)

UNIT 1. STATISTICS

THIS UNIT IS ABOUT:

 grouping of data;
 histogram and polygon;
 table and graphical presentation of accumulated frequencies;
 dispersion characteristics;
 probability and statistical frequency;
 estimation of an unknown share in a general totality by using samples.
STUDENTS LEARN:
 to construct a histogram and polygon of data;
 to construct and interpret a table of accumulated frequencies;
 to graphically present the accumulated frequencies;
 to estimate the probability of an unknown proportion in a population using samples.

LESSONS:

1. Data grouping. (1 LESSON)

- Primary data processing
- Grouping the data in a variational order
- Grouping the data in an interval statistical order
- Absolute and relative frequencies
- Tabular presentation of absolute and relative frequencies

Example tasks:

TASK 1
The data are the results of a Math test of the students in the 11th grade. Group the data in variational
order and form it into a table.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
2 3 5 5 6 4 2 3 2 6

TASK 2
A manager of an insurance company must prepare a work efficiency standard. For this purpose,
information was collected from 50 insurance agents of the company about the number of claims
processed in one week. The collected data is presented in the table.
41 42 42 43 45 47 47 46 48 48
49 41 43 44 50 51 51 56 49 44
50 52 56 54 49 47 46 54 41 40
40 40 43 53 51 50 51 53 55 48
44 49 43 48 44 44 46 50 43 41

a) Group the data in variational order. Find the absolute and relative frequencies and present
them in a table.
b) Group the data into an interval statistic using 4 groups. Find the absolute and relative
frequencies and tabulate them.

2. Histogram and polygon. (1 LESSON)

- Histogram
- Polygon
Example tasks:

TASK 1
The results obtained when measuring the height of 12th grade students in one school are given in the
table
Height in cm [140;150) [150;160) [160;170) [170;180) [180;190) [190;200)
Number of 10 15 45 60 50 20
students
Find the absolute and relative frequencies and present them in a frequency table. Construct a
histogram and a polygon of the absolute and relative frequencies.

3. Table and graphical presentation of accumulated frequencies. (1 LESSON)

- Accumulated absolute frequencies
- Accumulated relative frequencies
- Frequency table
- Graphic representation of accumulated frequencies

Example tasks:

TASK 1
Group the data in variational order
5 3 1 5 7 3 1 9 3 5
1 9 5 3 1 3 7 5 5 7
3 5 9 7 3 7 7 5 3 9
Make a frequency table for the grouped data and graph the accumulated absolute and accumulated
relative frequencies.

4. Arithmetic mean value. Revision with addition (1 LESSON)

- Unweighted arithmetic mean formula
- Weighted arithmetic mean formula

Example tasks:

TASK 1
A pizzeria delivers food to customers' homes. An observation was made for the delivery time (in
minutes) when the orders were fulfilled. The times obtained are given in the table.
10 12 14 19 20 23 15 17 18 19
12 13 15 13 23 25 18 21 26 10
a) Group the data in a variational order and calculate the arithmetic mean
b) Group the data into an interval statistic using 5 groups and calculate the arithmetic mean
5. Dispersion characteristics (1 LESSON)
- Range
- Individual deviation
- Linear deviation
- Variance and standard deviation
-
Example tasks:

TASK 1
Find the linear deviation, variance, and standard deviation of data presented in a variational order.
xi 3 4 6 8 10 12 15 18
fi 2 3 6 9 11 10 6 3

TASK 2
Find the linear deviation, variance, and standard deviation of data presented in an interval statistical
series.
Interval [2;6) [6;10) [10;14) [14;18) [18;22) [22;26) [26;30)
fi 4 5 8 10 8 3 2

6. Dispersion characteristics. Exercise. (1 LESSON)

7. Probability and statistical frequency. (1 LESSON)
- Classical probability
- Geometric probability on a line
- Geometric probability in the plane
- Statistical probability

Example tasks:

TASK 1
When throwing a nut, two outcomes are possible: the nut falls on a wall or on a base. A series of tests
were carried out with the nut and the following results were obtained.
Number of attempts 20 100 200 500 1000 2000
Number of falls on the 6 34 66 190 368 746
wall

a) Find the relative frequency of wall falls for the different number of trials. What value can we
take for the statistical probability of the event
A = {When thrown, the nut falls on a wall}?
 b) Find the relative frequency of falls on the base for the different number of trials. What value
can we accept as the statistical probability of the event?
B = {When thrown, the nut falls on the base)?

8. Estimating an unknown proportion in general totality through sampling (1 LESSON)

- Statistical evaluation
- Alternative signs and relative share
- Point assessment
- Interval assessment
- Confidence interval
- Maximum estimation error

Example tasks:

TASK 1
A survey was conducted in district "A" with 10,000 voters about their willingness to vote for party "X*. A
sample of 512 voters was drawn and it was found that 128 of them were ready to vote for party "X". .
Construct a confidence interval for estimating the relative proportion of voters in this district who are
willing to vote for party "X" at a confidence probability of 0.95.

9. Estimating an unknown proportion in general totality through sampling. Exercise

(1 LESSON)

Example tasks:

TASK 1
Among students in the country, a survey was conducted to determine the proportion of students who
were part of an exchange programme. For this purpose, a sample of 1,024 students was taken and it
was found that 64 of them were in such a programme. Construct a confidence interval to estimate the
relative share of students in the country who were on an international exchange programme, at a
confidence probability of 0.98.

TASK 2
An insurance company surveys its customers to see what proportion of them would use a new type of
insurance. A sample of 400 of the company's customers was taken and it was found that 160 of them
were ready to use this service. Construct a confidence interval for estimating the relative share of the
company's customers who are ready to use the new type of insurance, at a confidence probability of
0.94.

10. Practical tasks. Exercise (1 LESSON)

UNIT 2. EQUATIONS

THIS UNIT IS ABOUT:

  modular equations;
 exponential equations;
 logarithmic equations;
 trigonometric equations.

STUDENTS LEARN:
 to solve modular equations;
 to solve basic exponential equations reduced by substitution to quadratic equations;
 to solve basic logarithmic equations reducible to quadratic equations;
 solve basic trigonometric equations to quadratic equations;
 to model geometric situations with the means of trigonometry;
 to estimate correctness, rationality and expediency when choosing an approach to solving a
problem

LESSONS:

11. Modular equations of the type |a x 2 +bx +c|=m. (1 LESSON)

- modular equations of the type |ax+b|=m, a ≠ 0

- modular equation of the type |a x 2 +bx +c|=m,a ≠ 0

Example tasks:

TASK 1
Solve the modular equation

|x 2−5|=4

TASK 2
Solve the modular equation

|x 4 −5 x2 +2|=2

TASK 3
Solve the modular equation

|(x−2)2 −2(x−1)|=1

TASK 4
Solve the modular equation

|x 4 +2 x 2−4|=4

12. Basic exponential equations. (1 LESSON)

 - Exponential equations
- Solving equations of the typea f ( x ) =b , a>0 , a ≠1 , b> 0

- Solving equations of the type a f ( x ) =ag ( x ) , a>0 , a ≠ 1

- Solving equations of the typea f ( x ) =bg (x) , a>0 , a ≠ 1 ,b> 0 , b ≠1

Example tasks:
Solve the exponential equations

TASK 1
x 1
7=
49

TASK 2

( )
x
1
=343
7

TASK 3
x
7 =3

TASK 4

5 x+3−3. 5 X +2=250

TASK 5

√3 2x +5= 18

13. Exponential equations reducible by substituting to quadratic equations (1 LESSON)

- Equations of the type Аа2 f ( x)+ Bb f ( x)+ C=0 , a>0 , a ≠ 1

- Equations of the type Аа x + Bb x =0 ,| A|+|B|≠ 0 , a>0 , a ≠ 1 ,b >0 , b ≠0

Aa + Ba b +Cb =0 ,| A|+|B|+|C|≠0 , a> 0 , a ≠1 , b>0 , b ≠ 1

2x x x 2x
-

Example tasks:

TASK 1
x x+1
4 +2 −80=0

TASK 2
22 ( x −x )−3−2 x −x−2−1=0
2 2

TASK 3

9 √3 x −12.3 √3 x +27=0

TASK 4
x x x
4.25 −21.10 −25. 4 =0

14. Exponential equations. Exercise. (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:

TASK 1
8 6
x
− x =3
5 −3 5 + 1

TASK 2
x x−1 x+1
4.20 −20.5 −5. 4 +20=0

15. Basic logarithmic equations. (1 LESSON)

- Solving equations of the type log а f ( x )=b , a>0 , a ≠ 1

- Solving equations of the type log a f ( x )=log a g ( x ) , a>0 , a ≠ 1

Example tasks:

TASK 1

log 1 ( x 2 +2 x)=−1
3

TASK 2
log √3 ( x ¿¿ 2+2)=¿ log √ 3 (3 x+ 6)¿ ¿

TASK 3

log 0,3 (2 x ¿ ¿ 4−7 x +8)=log 0,3 ( x +2)¿

2 4

16. Basic logarithmic equations. Exercise. (1 LESSON)

- Equations that are reducible to equations of the type log а f ( x )=log a g (x)
Example tasks:

TASK 1
log 6 ( 6¿¿ x+ 1−30)=x ¿

TASK 2
log 2 ( 5−x ) +¿ log2 (x +2)=1+ log 2(x −1) ¿

TASK 3

log √3 (2¿¿ x−3)+ log √3 ( 2 x −1 )=2 ¿

17. Logarithmic equations reducible by substituting to square (1 LESSON)

- Solving by placing log a x=u
Example tasks:
TASK 1
¿

TASK 2
log 2 x 1
−
log 2 x −2 log 2 x +1

TASK 3
¿

18. Solving equations of the type sin x=a (1 LESSON)

- Trigonometric equation
- The equationsin x=a

- The equation sin x=a ,|а|<1 , а≠ 0

Example tasks :

TASK 1

(
sin 2 x +
π
6)=1

TASK 2
2(sin ⁡3 x ) =√ 3 sin 3 x
2

19. Solving equations of the type cos x=a (1 LESSON)

- The equation cos x=a

- The equationcos x=a , |а|<1 , а≠ 0

Example tasks:

TASK 1

(
cos −3 x+
π
3 )
=−1

TASK 2

2 ( cos 2 x ) − √2 cos 2 x=0

2

TASK 3
cos 5 x +cos x=cos 3 x

20. Solving equations of the type sin x=a∧cos x=aExercise. (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:

TASK 1

( sin 7 x )2+ ( sin6 x )2=( sin 4 x )2+ ( sin3 x )2

TASK 2
sin 9 x +cos 3 x=0

TASK 3

(
sin 6 x−
π
4 )
+ cos 2 x=0

21. Solving basic trigonometric equations tan x=a∧¿ cot x=a ¿. (1 LESSON)
- The equation tan x=a
- The equation cot x=a .

Example tasks:

TASK 1
 ( )
2
π
tan x+ −1=0
3

TASK 2

( cot 3 x )3=cot 3 x

22. Trigonometric equations that are reducible to square. (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:

TASK 1
tan 4 x +2 cot 4 x=3

TASK 2
sin 2 x−5 ¿= 0

23. Trigonometric equations that are reducible to quadratics. Exercise (1 LESSON)

- Homogeneous trigonometric equations
- Algorithm for solving homogeneous trigonometric equations
- Universal substitution

Example tasks:

TASK 1

5 ( sin x )2 −sin 2 x−3 ¿ ¿

TASK 2
5 sin 4 x +2 cos 2 x=2

TASK 3
cos 2 x−2 tan x +2=0

TASK 4

( cos 2 x )2+2 cos 2 x sin 2 x−3 ( sin 2 x )2=0

24. Trigonometric equations. Exercise (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:

TASK 1

sin 2 x+32 sin x cos x +9=6 cos ( 32π +2 x )

25. Application of trigonometry for solving geometric problems. (1 LESSON)
26. Summary of the unit "Equations" (3 LESSONS)
27. Tests on the unit "Equations" (1 LESSON)

UNIT 3. INEQUALITIES

THIS UNIT IS ABOUT:

 modular inequalities;
 irrational inequalities;
 exponential inequalities;
 logarithmic inequalities.

STUDENTS LEARN:
 to solve modular inequalities;
 to solve irrational inequalities;
 to solve basic exponential inequalities;
 to solve basic logarithmic inequalities;
 to estimate correctness, rationality and expediency when choosing an approach to solving a
problem

LESSONS:

28. Modular inequalities of the type |a x 2 +bx +c|<( ¿)m (1 LESSON)

- Solving the modular inequality|ax+b|<m , a≠ 0 , m>0

- Solving modular inequalities of the type |a x 2 +bx +c|<m,a ≠ 0 , m> 0

- Solving modular inequalities of the type|ax+b|>m , a≠ 0 , m>0

- Solving modular inequalities of the fype |a x 2 +bx +c|>m ,a ≠ 0 , m> 0

Example tasks:

TASK 1
|2 x−3|<7
TASK 2

|5 x 2−3 x−1|<75

TASK 3
|x +4|>5

TASK 4

|6 x 2−2 x+ 1|>1

29. Modular inequalities of the form |a x 2 +bx +c|<( ¿)m Exercise. (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:

TASK 1

|( x +3 )2−2 ( x+ 1 )−7|≤5

TASK 2

|x 4 −2|≥7

√ √
30. Irrational inequalities of the type a x 2+ bx+ c< mx+n( f ( x ) < g ( x )) (1 LESSON)

- Irrational inequalities

Example tasks:

TASK 1

√ x 2+5 x−24−2< x

TASK 2

√ 3 x+ 4 ≤|x−2|

TASK 3

√ 5−| x −1|≤ 3
2

31. Irrational inequalities of the type √ a x 2+ bx+ c> mx+n ¿ (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:
TASK 1

√ x 2−x−2+1> x

TASK 2

√ 2+1>|x−1|

TASK 3

√ 3−| x+2|≥ 2

32. Irrational inequalities. Exercise. (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:

TASK 1

√ x 4−1> x 2 +1

33. Basic Exponential Inequalities (1 LESSON)

- Exponential inequality

Example tasks:

TASK 1
x+2 x+1 x
3 +5.3 −2.3 ≤ 594

TASK 2
x+ √ 3
x− √5
7 ≥1

TASK 3
3

3 x −3 x−2,5 ≥ 9 √ 3

TASK 4
x
≤ ( 4 √ 2)
−1 2 x−3
8 .4

34. Exponential Inequalities. Exercise. (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:
TASK 1
2
x −9 x+8

√7 x−4
≥1

TASK 2
2x x 2 x−1
5. 3 −8. 15 +15. 5 ≤0

35. Basic logarithmic inequalities (1 LESSON)

- Logarithmic inequality

Example tasks:

TASK 1

( )
2
log 1 x +2 log 1 x−8 ≤ 0
4 4

TASK 2
log x−2 (2 x−9) ≤ 0

36. Logarithmic inequalities. Exercise. (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:

TASK 1
2
log 7 log 5 (x −2 x ¿−3)≤0 ¿
4

TASK 2
¿¿¿¿

TASK 3
2
log x (x −7 x+13) ≤1

37. “Inequalities” unit summary (3 LESSONS)

38. Tests on the unit "Inequalities" (1 LESSON)

TOPIC 4. EXTREMAL PROBLEMS

THIS UNIT IS ABOUT:

  largest and smallest value of elementary functions;
 basic elementary inequalities;
 extremal problems
 practical tasks.

STUDENTS LEARN:
 to find the smallest and/or largest value of a linear function in a finite closed interval;
 to find the smallest and/or largest value of quadratic function in interval;
 to apply in certain situations, the basic elementary inequalities between arithmetic mean,
geometric mean, harmonic mean and square mean;
 to solve extremal problems that are modeled with a linear or quadratic function;
 to model geometric situations with the means of algebra;
 to estimate correctness, rationality and expediency in choosing an approach to solving a
problem.

LESSONS:

39. Linear and quadratic function. Largest and smallest value (1 LESSON)
- A linear function
- Quadratic function
- Greatest value
- Smallest value

Example tasks:

TASK 1
Find the smallest and largest value
2
f ( x )=−2 x +5 , xϵ ¿

40. Basic elementary inequalities. (1 LESSON)

- Inequality between geometric mean and arithmetic mean
- Inequality between harmonic mean and geometric mean
- Inequality between arithmetic mean and mean square

Example tasks :

TASK 1
Prove the inequality

p +1 ¿ ( p+1 ) ≥ 4 p √ p , p ≥ 0
2
TASK 2
Prove the inequality
2
≤ p 2 , p>0
1 1
+
p p3

41. Basic elementary inequalities. Exercise. (1 LESSON)

Example tasks :

TASK 1

Find the smallest value of the function f ( x )=

x 3+ 3+2 if
xϵ ( 0; +∞ )and the value of x at which it
x
occurs

42. Extremal problems in algebra (1 LESSON)

- Variable selection
- Constructing an analytic expression
- Defining the function
- Simplifying the function
- Solving the extremal problems
- Qualitative conclusion

Example tasks:

TASK 1
Represent the number 38 as the sum of two positive addends so that their product is as large as
possible. Find this product.

TASK 2
Represent the number 20 as the sum of three positive addends with the following properties: the ratio
of the first two addends should be 1 : 2, and the product of the second, third and the first number
increased by 4 should be as large as possible. Find this product.

TASK 3
Find the arithmetic progression a1, a2, a3, 11, a5, ... for which the sum a1 a2 + a1 a3 + a2 a3 is
possible
smallest. Find this amount.

TASK 4
arithmetic progression a1, a2, 12, a4, ... for which the sum a1 a2, + a2 a4 is as small as possible. Find
this amount.
43. Extremal problems in planimetry. (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:

TASK 1
The segment AB has a length of 18 cm and is divided by the points M and N into three parts with the
following properties: MN = AM + 2 cm, and the sum of the areas of the squares with sides AM, MN
and NB is as small as possible. Find AM, MN, NB and the sum of the areas of the squares.

TASK 2
Given a right-angled trapezium ABCD with bases AB = 18 cm and CD = 6 cm, angle ABC = 90° and
BC = 8 cm. Point N lies on AD, and M and Q are its orthogonal projections on base AB and BC.
Determine the position of point N at which the perimeter of the rectangle MBON is the smallest and
find this perimeter.

44. Extremal problems in planimetry. Exercise. (1 LESSON)

Example tasks:

TASK 1
In an isosceles trapezium ABCD (AD = BC), rectangles are inscribed with base MN on base AB and
vertices P and Q on hips BC and AD, respectively. If AB = 12 cm, CD = 6 cm and the height of the
trapezoid is 8 cm, find the sides of the rectangle with the largest perimeter and calculate this
perimeter.

45. Practical tasks for finding the largest and smallest value of elementary functions
(1 LESSON)

Example tasks:

TASK 1
From the corners of a square cardboard with a side of 30 cm, identical squares should be cut so that a
box with the largest volume is folded. Find the side of the squares and the volume of the box.

TASK 2
A rectangular plot with the largest face is to be fenced off by a river, using a 400 m long fence and
dividing the plot into four identical rectangular plots facing the river
(towards her the place is not fenced off). Find the area and face dimensions of each lot.

46. Graphical models in solving extremal problems

47. Summary of the UNIT "Extreme Tasks" (3 LESSONS)