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    IE

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    9 views1 page

    1

    Uploaded by

    Bogdan Bogdan
    IE

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 1

    1.7.2 Single unparalleled generator This configuration may offer the most options for grounding.

    The
    distribution system may be particularly designed for flexibility in applying grounding by having only
    three-wire loads connected directly to the generator or even having only a single transformer connected
    to the generator (unit bank). Thus the design may employ high-resistance grounding to minimize
    damage from internal ground faults, or low-resistance grounding if needed to operate selective ground
    relays. In either case the ground-current level should be substantially less than the phase-current fault
    levels. The generator may also be applied to a four-wire load without transformation. If the generator is
    rated for solidly grounded service, the neutral may be connected directly to Figure 1-27—Zero-sequence
    currents during a wye side fault IEEE SYSTEM GROUNDING Std 142-2007 Copyright © 2007 IEEE. All
    rights reserved. 41 the grounded circuit conductor. If a standard generator is used, a reactor should be
    connected between neutral and the grounded circuit conductor so as to limit the momentary ground-
    fault current to no more than the momentary three-phase fault current (see Beeman; NEMA MG 1).
    When 3i0 = i"d the value of this neutral reactor, XN, should be as shown in Equation (1.1): (1.1) where
    3i0 = Ground-fault current = 3Vin/(X"d + X2 + X0 + 3Xn) i"d = Three-phase subtransient fault current =
    Vin/X"d X"d = Generator subtransient reactance X2 = Generator negative-sequence reactance X0 =
    Generator zero-sequence reactance Vin = Phase to neutral voltage Note that a resistor should not be
    used for this purpose, since its impedance is in quadrature with the machine reactance and thus would
    require a much larger value of resistance than reactance. This resistance would incur large losses from
    the flow of either fault or load current. The zero-sequence load current would also produce an
    objectionable voltage drop, since the load is primarily resistive. On the other hand, the neutral reactor
    will cause little voltage drop to be produced by inphase zero-sequence load current. The total zero-
    sequence current will be a small value because the generator has limited unbalanced current capacity.
    The continuous negativesequence current capability of generators covered in ANSI C50 standards is 8%
    or 10%. For salient-pole generators covered under NEMA MG 1, the limit is 10% at full load. The use of
    the reactor between the generator neutral and the neutral circuit conductor does not affect the NEC
    requirement that the neutral circuit conductor be solidly grounded. If generators are solidly grounded,
    the system’s circuit breaker duty must be calculated at the higher ground-fault duty. If the wye side of a
    delta-wye transformer is connected to a generator that is configured for four-wire service, the generator
    should be designed with a two-thirds pitch winding. This transformer will act as a short circuit to third
    harmonic currents, and without cancellation of third harmonic voltage, the resultant current may
    adversely affect groundfault relaying and generator capacity.

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