The Kukri Khukuri Knife of The Gurkhas A
The Kukri Khukuri Knife of The Gurkhas A
The Kukri Khukuri Knife of The Gurkhas A
GURKHA ANTIQUES & SIRKUKRI.
The Kukri (Khukuri) Knife of the Gurkhas; A Historical description 1793‐
2014.
Intro ‐
The Kukri knife, also written as Khukuri, Khukri, Khookree, Kookeri,
Kukoori, Koorkerie, Kookery, Kukery, Koukoori, Khokreis, Cookri, Gurkha
Knife and other variations, takes its name from the Nepali word "खुकुरी" . This
dagger‐knife is today world famous and known as the Symbol of the Gurkhas,
National weapon of Nepal and a most excellent knife with a long and ancient
history. Ive used the term "Kukri" over the more proper "Khukuri" as it is
probably a wider used word and thus more familiar to the reader.
This article/post is the result of an attempt to collect information from various
authors and written sources over the last 221 years (1793 ‐ 2014) in regards to
what has been written about the Kukri knife. Wikipedia gives the following
statement (January, 2014):
"The Kukri or Khukuri (Nepali: खुकुरी)) is a Nepalese knife with an inwardly curved
edge, used as both a tool and as a weapon in Nepal. Traditionally it was, and in
many cases still is, the basic utility knife of the Nepalese people. It is a
characteristic weapon of the Nepalese Army, the Royal Gurkha Rifles and of
all Gurkha regiments throughout the world, so much so that many English‐
1
speakers refer to the weapon as a "Gurkha blade" or "Gurkha knife". The kukri
often appears in Nepalese heraldry and is used in many traditional rituals such as
wedding ceremonies."
Objective:
My general focus has been on how the Kukri has been described in various times
by various authors. Its use over history is only briefly mentioned here and there,
will be left for another time. Some of the main questions I´ve tried to find
answers/view about has been:
‐ What have been the conceptions, ideas and views regarding the Kukri from 1793‐
2014?
‐ How has the Kukri been described, has it changed or had periods of "media"
attention?
‐ Are the views of the authors based on a particular "system of thought" or have
other ideas been followed, which may dramatically change the prevailing idea of a
given time or the author’s viewpoint.
A Sirmoor, Nahan Style Kukri, 19th Century, North India / Nepal.
Photo: Gurkha‐Antiques & Sirkukri.
These questions I've not answered in a traditional way but leave it up to you the
reader to find out based on the different quotes and writings found over the last
+ 200 years. Even though Col. Kirkpatrick made his notes in 1793 when he was
in Nepal they were only published in 1811, the Kukri was now available “public
knowledge” and potentially exposed to a larger number of people then ever
before being depicted in his book. 3 years later when the Anglo‐Nepal broke out
in 1814, the Kukri became a weapon to be reckoned with and widely known to
the British Indian Military Establishment of the Bengal Presidency, India and
throughout the Himalayas.
The main "theme" or purpose for this work has been to collect information
regarding how the Kukri has been described in writing. I hope that this article
can serve us to understand the Kukri as a weapon and symbol much better and
broader while also assisting further needed research of the Kukri knife. Any
flaws I hold as my own and do not necessarily agree with all information found,
but still useful for the discourse. Further material that I may have overseen
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would be most appreciated if you could mail in to me so that we can keep it fully
updated!
‐JAI KUKRI / JAY KHUKKRI –
A collection of 8 kukri (Gurkha) knifes, Collection & Photo:
VK Kunwor / Gurkha Antiques / SirKukri.
Part 1‐ 1793 ‐ 1899.
1793 / 1811 ‐
"It is in felling small trees or shrubs, and lopping the branches of others for this
purpose, that the dagger, or knife worn by every Nepaulian, and called Khookheri,
is chiefly employed; it is also of very great use, as I repeatedly experienced, in
clearing away the road when obstructed by the low hanging boughs of trees, and
other similar impediments (p.118)."
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Illustration from Kirkpatrick’s work (p. 118‐119) and thus probably the first Kukri
to be shown to an international public. Further info can be found in my article on
Academia (PDF), IKRHS (JPG) and on SirKukri Blog.
A Early Gurkha
/Ghoorka soldier,
ca 1815, found in India
Revealed.
"Besides matchlocks, they are generally armed with bows and arrows; and Kohras,
or hatchet swords; of the two last weapons, drawings are annexed (p. 214.)"
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‐ An Account of the Kingdom of Nepaul by Col. William J. Kirkpatrick, London, 1811,
(reprint New Delhi, 2007).
"This example was possibly captured during the Gurkha (Nepal) War (1814‐1816),
but may date from the eighteenth century." National Army Museum, London, UK.
Weapons, Kukri/Khukuri, Katar, Kora/Khora sword, and Dhal (shield) of Kaji
Amar Singh Thapa, Western commanding General during Anglo‐Nepal War
1814‐1816. National Museum of Nepal, 2014.
Photo: VK Kunwor /Gurkha Antiques /Sirkukri.
1826 ‐
“During the Nepal war, the sepoys unable to profit so much by their discipline, as
they would have done in compact charges on the plain, found the musket and
bayonet so unequal a weapon to oppose in single combat to the Goorkahs, that they
endeavored clandestinely to take with them their tulwars, and latterly ten men of
each company were permitted to do so (p. 182).”
‐ "On improving the mode of fixing the Bayonet & co" in The British Indian Military
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Repository, vol. IV, by by Capt. Samuel Parlby, Calcutta, 1826.
Early Gurkha warriors, ca 1815‐1820`s, Osprey “The Gurkhas”
1833 ‐
“The Kookree, or knife, is their favorite weapon; but the Government has sagely
armed them with fuses, and has taught them to rely upon the superior advantages
of the bayonet; though, like the Highlanders, their predilection for the knife (a sort
of claymore) is still cherished; at close quarters it is a formidable, but not equal to a
broadsword. In bivouacking, stockading, and the more harmless occupations of
household matters, building, hewing, & c. the natives are very expert in the use of
this their national weapon (p. 219)."
‐ Tours in Upper India and in parts of the Himalaya Mountains by Maj. E. C. Archer,
London, 1833, vol 2.
1846 ‐
“The kookree is sharp and narrow at the point, suddenly increasing in breadth,
and thus presenting a great surface of cutting edge, which is rendered still more
effectual by its bent shape and short edge. The Goorkhas generally drive the
kookree into the abdomen or belly of their opponents, and thus rip them up with
great dexterity and expedition.”
‐ History of the Sikhs, by Dr. W. L. M’Gregor, London, 1846.
6
1852 –
A Gurkha, painted 19th century, Gurkha Museum.
"…by the Goorkas, is a most useful weapon at all times, and at close quarters in
action a most dangerous and deadly one. The khokery is shaped like a curved knife,
narrow near the handle, and curving inwards, the blade varying from fourteen to
sixteen inches in length, and two and half inches wide at its broadest part. The case
in which it is contained is likewise furnished with various useful articles, viz.: a
couple of small knifes, a pair of scissors, needle and thread, tweezers, and the
requisite apparatus for striking a light, and in the use of which the Goorkhas are
remarkably expert…(p. 250)."
‐ Narrative of a Five Years’ Residence at Nepaul (Nepal), by Capt. Thomas Smith,
London: 1852.
A Ang Khola Hanshee model Kukri with damascus/wootz blade, dating to the Indian Mutiny,
ca 1857‐1858, in which both British Indian Gurkha troops and Royal Nepal Army
Gorkhali troops led by Maharajah Jung Bahadur Kunwar Rana partook.
Collection of VK Kunwor / Gurkha Antiques / SirKukri.
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1858 ‐
"The chief implement of the Goorkah is the Koorkerie, a curved knife, which has
proved very formidable to the rebels, and with which they encounter a foe at close
quarters, or dispatch a wounded man.
...1500 Goorkahs and two guns, was met by some 5000 of the enemy with seven
guns...The curved knives made quick work. Ten minutes after their charge the
enemy had disappeared.
...the Goorkahs carry koorkeries, formidable couteaux de chasse (p. 13)."
‐ "The Goorkah Knife" in The Illustrated London News, 2 January, 1858.
Two soldiers of the 66th Regiment native Infantry (later 1st Gurkha Rifles) 1854,
from The Gurkha Museum, UK.
“The facility with which the Gorkhas wielded the kukree—a native knife, and a
most effective weapon of war in experienced hands—elicited the wonder of every
beholder. Once plunged into the abdomen of an enemy, in a second he was ripped
up, just as clean and cleverly as the butcher divides an ox or a sheep (p. 86).”
‐ The Chaplain’s Narrative of the Siege of Delhi, by Rev. John Edward Wharton
Rotton, London, 1858.
"....an officer, met a drunken Goorkha who drew his " kookree " (a weapon
as rooked and ugly as its name) (p.100)."
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‐ The crisis in the Punjab, by Frederic Cooper, London, 1858.
1863 ‐
" There is another curious form of cutting‐blade in which the curve is the reverse
way to the usual form. Instances of this form are seen in the Khora, and Kookree
knife of the Ghoorkas. In tools we have a familiar illustration in the billhook used to
lop off small branches of trees, and in some forms of pruning‐knives. The Kookree
knife is the best known weapon of this kind, and the stories related of its cutting
power are very marvelous. If you examine it you will find that the weight is well
forward, and in advance of the wrist, and in fig. 4 you will see that the effect of the
inward curve is to increase the cutting power by rendering the angle more acute. It
acts, in fact, in precisely the same way, but in an inverse direction, to the outward
curve in the blade, fig. 2. (p. 417)."
Image of the Line of Impulse (fig. 1) depicting a Kora sword and thus partly the
curved shape of the Kukri which both share a very similar striking point in the
forward curved blade.
“The Shape of Sword Blades,” by John Latham in Journal of the Royal United
Service Institution, vol VI, London, 1863.
1869 ‐
"Their arm, as they were told in another place, was the kookre, and they rushed at
the troops, raised their muskets, and cut them across their stomachs (p. 637)."
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‐ Hon. Captain (W. D. H.) Baillieby in New Zealand Parliamentary Debates, vol
6, Wellington, 1869.
1871 ‐
"No notice of the Goorkhas would be complete without some remarks on their
national weapon the kookree, their skill in wielding which makes it and them
objects of no small dread to the other natives of India. So universal is the use of this
peculiar knife among the Nepaulese that even the women not infrequently carry
one on their journey, adapting it, and the two smaller knifes affixed to the sheath,
to the most ordinary culinary operations.
The kookree then is a large curved knife, in shape no unlike an exaggerated sickle,
but
with great depth and weight of blade, to which the haft, to inexperienced eyes
and hands, appears utterly disproportionate, though, wielded by a Goorkha or by
one accustomed to its use, this seeming defect ceases to exists, save the handles,
being generally made of wood (though many adopt iron instead) are of course
frequently broken, and have to be replaced. The sheath is generally covered with
leather, and affixed to one side near the handle two small knives, not unlike the
Highlander`s dirk, and a pocket with a sort of loose purse or slide enclosed, in which
money or papers are occasionally carried, but which the Goorkha usually devotes
to flint and tinder, the back of his kookree itself, or one of the small knives
furnishing the steel requisite for striking a light. The national weapon of Nepaul is
therefore also a domestic article, in a universal use throughout the country (p.
519)."
"…some idea may be formed from the slicing off at one stroke of the head of a
good sized buffalo calf—a feat which I have seen accomplished more than once at
some of the religious festivals of the Goorkhas (pp. 519‐520)."
An Indian Kukri Knife, presented by the Maharani of Balrampur in 1885 to
Norman Noble.
Photo: Gurkha Antiques /SirKukri /VK Kunwor.
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"…this formidable knife forms part of the equipment of every Goorkha soldier,
each recruit bringing one with him on appearing for enlistment. The kookree is
worn when in uniform on the right side in a leather frog… the height of a Goorkhas
ambition is to get to sufficiently close quarters when in action to admit of bringing
his favorite weapon into play, on which occasions he will not unfrequently use his
rifle as a shield in his left hand to protect his head (p. 520)."
"Rough Notes on the Goorkhas,” in Colburns United Service Magazine, vol 1, no 4;
London, 1871.
A "tin chirra" Kukri with carved ivory handle depicting a lions head, ca 1880.
The Royal Armories in Leeds, UK.
1877 ‐
“Each column was to be preceded by twenty men with tulwars, or native swords.
But the sword is no match for the Gurkhas kukri and small shield, as the number of
casualties in the 8th Dragoons sufficiently proves. An amusing account of one of the
encounters has been preserved, which, if correct in all its details, shows that a
dragoon, though a good swordsman, could gain no advantage over his antagonist
until he had, by skill or luck, disarmed him of his kukri. Even then it was only by a
blow of the left fist in the stomach, while the shield was raised to cover the Gurkhas
head, which doubled him up, that he was able to deliver his point (note on p. 4)."
"The Gurkhas, with their shields and kukris, getting within the point of the sabre,
had the advantage; and in a few minutes the dragoons had to give way, having lost
four killed and fifty‐eight wounded (p. 6)."
History of the organization, equipment, and war services of the regiment of Bengal
artillery ... by Major Francis W. Stubbs, London, 1877.
19th century stamps of Nepal depicting crossed Khukuri/kukri knife and 3
shields. Image; http://www.bilder‐aus‐nepal.de
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1880 ‐
"Kukri ‐ Their (Nepalese, Gorkhas) national weapon is the Kukri, originally a kind
of bill‐hook, for cutting through small wood in the dense low jungles of the Terai
and the Himalayas. The Gorkha Kukri is generally ornamented with Aryan designs
and sometimes even bears the figure of a Hindu deity inlaid in gold on the blade
(Egerton, p. 100)."
‐ Indian and Oriental Arms and Armor by Lord Egerton of Tatton,
London,1880, (reprint: New York, 2002.)
Earlier page, above and below images from Lord Egertons book, which may be
the first comprehensive work to bring the Kukri and other Nepali / Gurkha
Traditional Arms & Armor into a wider debate of its origins and styles. While
also showing a variety of Nepali / Gurkha Arms as found in England (mainly
India Office Museum) in the late 1800`s. A must read work!
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Egerton, various Khukuri / Kukri Knifes, Tulwar, Dhal (shield), Kora/Khora and
Spearheads.
1886 ‐
“The Kukri, the national weapon of Nepal, is only eighteen or nineteen inches in
total length, and has a blade of bright steel, incurved, heavy, and widening towards
the point. It has more the qualities of a good billhook than anything else, and it
was no doubt originally devised to do duty as a billhook as much as for fighting
purposes; for the Gorkha had to clear his way through the thickly growing
vegetation of the Terai forests [at the foot of the Himalayas]. What a handy tool it
is in the grasp of its true proprietor, the Gorkha, is well known—how formidable it
is as a weapon, those who have been in action with our Gorkha battalions can
emphatically testify; and this can be the more clearly realized when it is told that,
with his Kukri, the Gorkha can strike off the head of a bullock at one blow (p.786)."
‐ “Indian Arms,” in Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, London, 1886. Vol 139.
Regimental Insignia of the Assam Rifles, as in the Gurkha/Gorkha Regiments, the
Kukri is a part of the insignia and very important to the Regiments symbolism.
13
Goorung (Gurung) Tribe of Nepal, ca 1868‐1875 as found in "People of India" by
Watson & Kaye. The amazing pictures found in this book would be some of the
earliest photographs of the many ethnic groups of Nepal. The Gurungs have
traditional and still today form the majority of the soldiers in Brigade of Gurkhas
/ Gurkha Regiment of the British Army and the Indian Army Gorkha Regiments.
"Their national weapon, which is here figured, is made by themselves from steel
which they themselves smelt out of iron ore, and which is of excellent quality. The
Kookery is extremely heavy, my specimen, which is a small one, weighing twelve
ounces. It is very thick and heavy at the back, and, as the edge is kept as sharp as
that of a razor, it can inflict terrible wounds.
On one occasion a native chief boldly asserted that one of his men could kill a tiger
single‐handed. The man was nothing loth, and, armed only with the Kookery, faced
the animal boldly (p. 128)."
‐ Man and his Handiwork by Rev. J.G.Wood, London, 1886.
1890‐
"The kukri, a short, curved, broad‐bladed, and heavy knife, is the real national
weapon of the Goorkhas, and it is worn by all from the highest to the lowest. In our
regiments they are carried in a frog attached to the waist‐belt. From the beginning
of the handle to the end or point of the blade they average about 20 inches in
length. Where wood is plentiful, they are very fond of practicing cutting with the
kukri, and they will cut down with one blow a tree the size of an ordinary man's
arm (p. 32)."
"A long piece of cloth, which is often a pagri, and is wrapped round the
waist, and by which the kukri is carried (p. 33)."
14
" A white or colored waist cloth or pagri, with the invariable kukri, a pair of
pajamas very loose down to just below the knee, and from thence fitting the leg
down to the ankle, and a pair of the national shoes (p. 35)."
‐ Notes on the Goorkhas by Capt. Eden Vansittart (2/5 GR); Calcutta, 1890.
An early depiction of the Kukri/Khukuri Knife, 1886, in Wood.
1893‐
"In addition to their military equipment’s, they carry (as may be said of the whole
nation) the ancient weapon of Nipal namely, the terrible kokre, which,
parenthetically described, is a massive curved knife some twenty inches long and
about five broad, manufactured from the finest‐tempered steel, and whetted with
an edge as sharp as that of a razor. The reader, who may not have seen the kokre
used, cannot by mere description form any conception of its power in the hands of a
strong man skillful in the art of wielding it. Even we ourselves, while looking on at
some Nipalese sacrificing animals to their gods, could hardly believe our eyes when
we saw the head of a buffalo severed from the neck by a single stroke from this
truly formidable weapon. The man who performed this amazing feat informed us,
with broad grins following a convulsive " Ha, ha ! " that he could as easily
decapitate two human heads with one blow ; and a confederate bystander
explained the purport of this savage remark by observing that, in divorce cases, not
the ordinary law of civilization, but the all‐powerful kokre, summarily settles, and
effectually avenges any injury to the matrimonial bed. A more useful weapon it
would be impossible to place in the hands of any man than the kokre is in those of
the Nipalese. He
uses it for all purposes, and without it he seldom stirs out abroad. It is his sword, his
table‐knife, his razor, and his nail‐parer ; with it he clears the jungle for his
cultivation, builds his log‐hut, skins the animals that he slaughters in short, without
15
the kokre he is as helpless as a child ; with it he is a formidable warrior, as well as a
man of all work (p. 30‐31)."
“ Volunteering in India: Or an Authentic Narrative of the Military Services of the
Bengal During the Indian Mutiny, and Sepoy War”, by Lt. John Tulloch Nash;
London, 1893.
Two Kukri`s / Khukuri`s with a Tulwar‐Kora Sword handle, ca 1850‐1920, Nepal
/ North India.
Collection of Gurkha Antiques / VK Kunwor / SirKukri.
1896‐
“Every soldier (Royal Nepal Army) carries a kukri in addition to his bayonet (p.
52).”
“The kukri, a short, curved, broad‐bladed and heavy knife, is the real national
weapon of the Gurkhas, and it is worn by all from the highest to the lowest. In our
regiments they are carried in a frog attached to the waist belt.
From the beginning of the handle to the end or point of the blade they average
about 20 inches in length.
Where wood is plentiful, they are fond of practicing cutting with the kukri, and they
will cut down with one blow a tree the size of and ordinary man`s arm (p. 74).”
“...his national weapon the kukri has in Burma and other places proved itself
invaluable (p. 78).”
“In this fight (Indian Mutiny) Colonel Gambar Sing had no other weapon than his
kukri (p. 88)...”
‐ Notes on Nepal by Capt. Eden Vansittart (2/5 GR); Calcutta, 1896. (reprint New
Delhi, 1992).
16
1898 ‐
"Rear Adm. the Hon. Victor Alexander Montagu: “Their [the Ghoorkas’] chief
weapon was the kookerie (a long‐handled, curved‐blade knife), which they were
supposed to throw with the utmost precision a matter of fifty yards; and it was said
that these knives were thrown during a charge before coming to very close
quarters….They were adepts at cutting off the head of a bullock with one stroke of
the kookerie; I saw this done on more than one occasion (p. 174).”
‐ A Middy’s Recollections 1853‐1860 by Victor Alexander Montagu, London,
1898.
Above/ Previous page, One of the most famous images of a Gurkha Soldier titled
"A Goorkha sharpening his Kookree", London Illustrated News, June 21, 1879
1899 ‐
“For close in‐and‐in fighting in the hands of a man who knows how to use it, no
more terrible weapon has ever been devised. They vary in size from a foot to about
two feet six inches; and you can judge of the severity of its blow when you see a
stout little Gurkha cutting, with one stroke, clean through the neck of a fair‐sized
buffalo (p. 81)."
“Cold Steel, and Indian Swordsmanship,” by P. B. Bramley in Journal of the United
Service Institution of India, 1899.
Maharajah Prime Minister Jung Bahadur Kunwor Ranaji,, ca 1850.
17
Part 2 ‐ 1900 ‐ 1999.
1902 ‐
His fondness for cold steel is proverbial. His national arm, the terrible leaf‐shaped
kukrie, half sword, half dagger, is never far from his hand, and is one of the most
terrible weapons for close quarters ever invented by man. His bravery and coolness
are marvelous. Armed with a kukrie alone lie will cheerfully encounter a tiger in
the jungle, and terrible as the odds may seem against him, will often emerge from
the contest victorious (p.4)."
"SIKHS AND GOORKHAS" in Bendigo Advertiser (Vic: 1855‐1918) , 8 Sep 1902: 4.
Below: The MK1 kukri, the first Official British (Indian) Military Pattern Gurkha
Issue Kukri, that came into existence in the first years of 1900`s. Depicted are the
two models of the MK 1 Kukri. Photo & Collection: VK Kunwor / Gurkha Antiques
/ SirKukri.
The Mark (MK) 1 standard issue Gurkha Kukri in World War 1 time period.
Gurkha Antiques /SirKukri/VK Kunwor
1905 ‐
A Gurkha (Nepalese) family, please see child on left caring Kukri, ca 1905.
18
“One of the most notable features about a Gurkha is the marvelous skill with which
he handles his heavy‐bladed kukri. It may be said that from childhood, since as soon
as his little hands become strong enough to lift one, he is never without one; hence,
when older, he is very adept in its manifold uses. With one of those knives, Gurkhas
can cut a buffalo’s head off at one stroke; and they can make fairly good shots, at
considerable distance, when throwing the kukri (p.59).”
‐ Tibet and Nepal by A. Henry Savage Landor,
New York, 1905.
1908 ‐
"A Gurkha Kukri ‐ Another weapon distinguished by the curve of the blade which
is the reverse to that of the sabre. In the case of the Kukri the outer edge is un‐
sharpened and the inner edge performs the cutting. The shape of the blade of
necessity entails a curious upward action of the arm when stabbing. The Kukri
possesses a scabbard which is fitted with two smaller weapons of the same shape."
‐ Weapon: Disclosure on Hand weapons other than Firearms by Bertram E
Sargeaunt, London: Hugh Rees, 1908.
Gurkhas at War with Khukuri knife, WW1.
1914 ‐
"Kukri, or knife, which forms the main weapon of offence and defense of the
Nepaulese.
The Gurkhas serving in Europe are, of course, armed with the latest pattern of rifle
and bayonet, but, In addition, they are allowed to carry the national" weapon, in
which they always seem to place more reliance than the bayonet. When it comes to
fighting at close quarters and it has always been a source of anxiety to their officers
that in their moment of excitement the men not in frequently throw away the
whole of their modern arms and equipment and trust solely to the kukri. As,
however, they do very effective work with it,
19
Gurkha soldier with Kukri/Khukuri knife in hand, Western theatre, WW1.
the danger of their best bested is small, particularly as there are very few who care
to face a Gurkha maddened with the lust of war. The little leather case attached to
the sheath of the kukri is a purse. The kukri has to be very carefully handled by the
tyro, as a downward slash is far more likely to carry away his own legs than do
damage to an enemy."
"THE KUKRI" in The Leader and Stock and Stallion News (Orange, NSW : 1912 ‐
1922), 7 Dec 1914: 4.
1915 ‐
"The Gurkhas knife. The presence of the Indian troops in France is exciting the
greatest interest in the towns through which they pass to their base. French
soldiers, civilians, and girls all want to see the famous Gurkha knife and are some
what appalled when the little natives of Nepal solemnly declare that their religion
forbids them to draw the weapon without drawing blood. What seemed an
insurmountable' difficulty however was overcome when some British soldiers who
had served in India wore able to tell the curious that the knife would be shown if
the spectators would allow a slight cut with it to be made in the top of their finger
in order to fulfill the letter of the law. A bandaged finger is now becoming quite
popular with the French girls (p. 6)."
"THE GURKHA'S KNIFE" in The Wodonga and Towong Sentinel (Vic. : 1885 ‐
1954), 1915, February 19.
20
1918 ‐
“Gurkhas, those wonderful troops from Nepal. Mountaineers and soldiers from
childhood, their greatest joy is hand to hand combat. Perhaps a description of their
favorite weapon, the terrible kukri, would be of interest. It is from fifteen to
eighteen inches long, with a keen edge, tapering from a thickness at the back, of
about a quarter of an inch, to a razor‐like edge. The handle or haft is of wood,
bound tightly with copper wire, the distance between each band of wire being
enough for a man’s finger to snugly enclose itself around the handle (p. 135).”
“Holding the Line” by Sgt Harold Baldwin, Chicago, 1918.
A acid etched Officers presentation Kukri marked with the insignia crest of 4th
Gurkhas, British Royal Cypher, crossed Union Jack, Bugle, and engraved
Goorkmans, Nepal Works, Goorkha Knife, Star and Moon and stamped P.A.H.
Lallsingh Gurkha C.S.F. 1925.
C.S.F. most likely stands for Chamba Security Force and the state of Chamba is in
the vicinity of Bakloh, the Regimental HQ of the 4th Gurkha Rifles in 1925.
Collection of VK Kunwor / Gurkha Antiques / SirKukri.
1928 ‐
"On either side of the pair of crossed kukri’s, the sun and moon are represented.
these are very common symbols on coins, flags, copper and other inscriptions, and
are inserted to invoke the blessings of the gods and to make the objects or the name
and fame of the donor as everlasting as the two prominent orbs in heaven (p. 234)."
"It is interesting, for example, to note the original form of the famous Nepalese
kukhri. This has a blade 10,5 inches in length, and an ivory handle a shade under 5
inches (No. 3). The blade suggests clearly enough the present shape of the Nepalese
kukhri, and is reputed to have been among those taken by Prithwi Narayan at his
capture of Kathmandu in 1769. It would be interesting to be able to decide the
question whiter the characteristic weapon of the Gurkhas was adapted from this
Malla knife. Near by is another kukhri of exactly the modern shape. The blade is 24
inches in length, and the handle about 5 inches (p. 260)."
"Another treasure of the Museum is the same kings kukhri, which has overlapping
waves of steel upon the blade, apparently intended to add to the weight of it (No.1)
21
(p. 262)."
‐ Nepal by Perceval Landon, London; 1928 (reprint: New Delhi 2007). vol. 1.
1929 ‐
"The Khukuri of the Gurkhas of India is a sword‐knife with a blade convex along
the back, and expanding so that a large part of the cutting edge is also convex. It is
used in hunting as well as in war, and armed with this weapon along the Gurkha
will kill a tiger single handed."
‐ A handbook to the Weapons of War and the Chase by Herbert S
Harrison, Horniman Museum (London County Council), London, 1929.
Three Royal Kothimora Kukri/Khukuri knifes with the Nepali State Arms/Coat of
Arms, ca 1911‐1962. Collection of VK Kunwor / Gurkha Antiques / SirKukri.
22
1934‐
"KUKRI, COOKRI, KOOKERI ‐ the national knife and principal weapon of the
Gurkhas of Nepal. It has a heavy, curved, single‐edged blade sharp on the concave
side. The hilt is usually straight and without guard; occasionally it has a disk guard
and pommel like a sword (kora) from the same sharpener. Quite often one, or both,
of these knifes have hilts of branching stag horn. The weight of the blade of the
kukri is well towards the point and a tremendous blow can be struck with it with
very little muscular exertion. There are well‐authenticated instances of a Gurkha
having split the head of a man and cut well down into his chest with a single blow.
It is carried by Gurkhas at all times and used as a jungle and hunting knife as well
as for war. The scabbards are often embroidered with quills or decorated with
silver or gold chapes (pp 397‐398)."
‐ A Glossary of the Construction, Decoration and Use of Arms and Armor by George
Cameron Stone, New York, 1961 (orig 1934).
A Interesting article is found here regarding the Khukuri / Kukri.
Below Image: from Stones work which shows eight different kukri knifes as
found in the period of ca 1934‐1961 in the USA and UK.
1943 –
"Subadar Lal Bahadur Thapa, member of the famous Fourth Indian Division. He
carries the kukri, his exploits with which in North Africa won him the V.C."
"Won his V.C. with knife" in Sunday Times (Perth, WA : 1902 ‐ 1954), Sunday 24
October 1943, page 5.
23
Subedar Lal Bahadur Thapa, 1/2 Gurkha Rifles
Victoria Cross recipient 1943.
1947 ‐
"A reader wanted to know what a kukri is. His answer: A kukri is the traditional
knife of the Gurkha. He carries it in addition to his ordinary British Army
equipment. It is heavy and curved and can decapitate an enemy quite easily."
"OUEBIES, The Gurkhas Knife." in The Daily News (Perth, WA : 1882 ‐ 1950) 12
Feb 1947: 4.
Kothimora Khukuri / Kukri of Governor‐General of India, Admiral Earl Louis
Mountbatten, ca 1940‐1950.
SirKukri / Gurkha Antiques /VK Kunwor
24
1948 ‐
"The Khukuri is the national as well as religious weapon of the Gurkhas. It is
incumbent on a Gurkha to carry it while awake and place it under the pillow while
retiring. As a religious weapon it is worshipped during the Dashera (dasai) and at
other times whenever any sacrifice is to be made."
‐ Maharajah Padma Shamsher Jung Bahadur Rana,
Prime Minister, Commander in Chief of Nepal, 1948. Quoted in Pamphlet.
!0th Gurkha Rifles at Second World War /WW2. Sharpening the blade and enjoy
the result of the great Khukuri / Kukri and the smiling Gurkha.
Image from 10th Gurkha Rifles, One Hundred years.
1954 ‐
“Those little hill men who swooped on their enemies with their curved knifes...
(p. 140)."
‐All This and a Medal too by Tim Carew; London, 1954.
Below: Gurkha Officers hexagonal Ivory handle MK3 Kukri from World War 2.
Collection of VK Kunwor / Gurkha Antiques / SirKukri.
25
1957 ‐
"The kukri, a short, curved, broad‐bladed, and heavy knife, is the real national
weapon of the Gurkhas, and it is worn by all from the highest to the lowest (p. 91,
Vansittart)."
"The value of the kukri as a close combat or trench weapon became patently
manifests. It is strange that no others adopted it for this war and for the next Great
War: they were too wedded to the useless bayonet (p. 196)."
"For arms the men had firelock or bows and arrows, khoras and kukris. They did
not use the bayonet but seem to have had some means of fixing the kukri to the
muzzle of the fire‐weapon (p. 276)."
‐ Gorkha, the Story of the Gurkhas of Nepal by Lt‐Gen. Sir Francis Tuker, London,
1957.
26
Four Kukri /Khukuri /Gurkha knife(s) from ca 1900‐2000,
Bottom: MK 1 Kukri (ca. 1900‐1916).
Royal Kothimora Kukri with Prime Ministers Crest (ca 1940`s),
gift to British Officer.
World War 2 Paratrooper/Special Forces Kukri.
Top: Kothimora Kukri presented on the 25th Anniversary of the Falklands war.
Collection of VK Kunwor / Gurkha Antiques / SirKukri.
1967 ‐
“The Gurkhas rose as one man and charged with their kukri (p. 99).”
‐ Gurkhas by David Bolt; London, 1967.
1968‐
"Kukri ‐ "Far the best known forms of Nepalese swords are the two commonly
associated with the Gurkhas, the Kukri and the Kora. Despite the fact that in
modern times the Kukri has come to be regarded as the national weapon of the
Gurkhas, its form shows that it is a weapon of purely Indian descent, related to the
Kopis‐bladed sword of Ajanta, and the modern Rajput Sosun Pattah."
"...members of all classes of society in Nepal owned and always carried a Kukri in a
belted sheath which contained as well one or more smaller knifes, and often a purse
holding flint and steel for making fire. The quality and richness of the sheath and
its trappings, often very fine, show the wealth of the owner. The Kukri, however,
was fundamentally an implement for cutting though the dense jungles of the Terai
and the Himalayan slopes, and this purpose it never ceased to serve.
KB Thakuri, Ghoom, Darjeeling, 1945 marked Khukuri / Kukri.
Gurkha Antiques.
"..since they were probably in continuous hard use, and were valued by their
owners for their utility, not as ornaments. Such decoration as is applied to them is
always in the nature of an inessential addition, which does not interfere with their
27
use.
The aesthetic virtues of many Nepalese weapons are considerable. It is clear that
the craftsmen worked to well‐established proportional schemes and had a strong
sense of the expressive possibilities of contours; for despite their simplicity and
plainness most of the weapons are very beautiful."
"The root of the edge of a Kukri blade contains a semicircular nick about three‐
quarters of an inch deep, generally with a tooth at the bottom, which like the lotus
on the blade of the Kora, the Gurkhas say represents the female generative organ,
intended presumably to render the blade 'effective'. The sheaths of Kukris are
frequently adorned with a scroll pattern in a band stitched in peacock quills,
worked in repoussè or filigree, or chiseled, with great skill.
Many of the small Kukri knives carried in the sheaths of Kukris have their pommels
carved into the form of lion‐heads."
‐ The Indian Sword by Phillip S. Rawson, New York, 1968; (pp. 52‐54).
The Indian Sword by Phillip S. Rawson’s work above, depicting two Kukri knife.
More of Rawson is found in Kukri 101, Kukri 102, The Kora Sword part 1‐ 5 on
SirKukri.blogspot.com.
1976‐
“Head on the Gurkhas charged, kukris held high into a hail of machine‐gun
fire...(p.112)”
‐Better to Die: the story of the Gurkhas by Edward Bishop; London, 1976.
28
Nepal Army Officers Rank Insignia. Khukuri and Khanda Sword.
Gurkha Antiques.
1992‐
“It is noted that Gurkhas were `extremely brave` and (did) not hesitate to draw
their knives and kill even in quarrels among themselves (p. 32)."
‐ The Unforgettable Army: Slim`s XIVth Army in Burma by Michael Hickey;
Turnbridge Wells, 1992.
1994‐
"`Kukri’s now the accepted spelling; `khukuri `the strict transliteration of the
Nepali word. Either way, the thing itself is the renowned national weapon of Nepal
and the Gurkhas."
Three Royal Nepal Army Khukuri /Kukri Knifes, ca late 19th century‐early 20th
century. Marked with Sun and Lion sign/mark on each side.
29
"A Nepali boy is likely to have his own kukri at the age of five or so and necessarily
becomes skillful in its use before manhood. By the time a Gurkha joins the army, the
kukri has become a chopping extension of his dominant arm. This is important
because it is not the weight and edge of the weapon that make it so terrible as close
quarters so much as the skilled technique of the stroke; it can claim to be almost
impossible to parry.
But it is important to remember that the kukri is a tool of all work; at home in the
hills and on active service it will be used for cutting wood, hunting and skinning,
opening tins, clearing undergrowth and any other chore."
"...weight, balance and `fit` are crucially important....good ones are forged from
railway track and old‐motor vehicles springs. But the best are forged from the
finest continental steel and be of the highest quality, fluted or damascened."
The MK2, “M43” issue model kukri, famous in WW2, with canvas‐covered sheath.
Gurkha Antiques /SirKukri /VK Kunwor.
"Most handles are made of wood, often walnut or pat‐pate (Talauma
Hodgsoni).They are secured to the blade either by rivets through a two‐piece hilt or
by the tang inserted through a one‐piece grip and riveted over the cap."
"The notch (kaura), ..is essentially a Hindu religious and phallic symbol."
"Nepal, the Gurkha, the Kukri: the three are inseparable in reputation. The Gurkha
soldier keeps his kukri as he keeps his honour ‐ bright and clean."
‐ "The Kukri," compiled and published by The Gurkha Museum, Winchester,
England, UK, 1994; (pp. 1‐5)
Gurkha & Kukri inspired art, France, WW1.
30
1995 ‐
“...a full page drawing of a Gurkha unit `charging the German trenches, with the
deadly kukri drawn`. (p.7)”
“ the Khukuri is a curved knife which serves as an all‐purpose implement in the hills
of Nepal (p. 26)”
“The Gurkhas seem to draw only their Khukuri’s‐the short curved knife‐which is a
general utility instrument in the Nepalese countryside, but is represented in the
discourse as the national weapon (p. 134).”
“The dust jackets of numerous books on Gurkhas highlight the Khukuri. One
contains an engraving which portrays three Gurkhas charging over a hill, Khukuri’s
held high on the right hand, rifles behind in the left (Bolt 1967). Another features a
single Gurkha with Khukuri ready to strike (smith 1978) (p. 134).”
“Indeed one of the `humorous` stories which features in many books has a Gurkha
meeting an enemy in hand‐to‐hand combat. He swings his Khukuri, but the other
responds with the taunt: `you missed!` `Try shaking your head`, replies the Gurkha.
31
Even their enemies were apparently persuaded by these Gurkha tales (p. 134).”
“There is something of this attitude in the literature on Gurkhas, in that it harks
back to an imagined time when individual initiative and determination took
precedence over machines‐the Khukuri over the tank‐when men enjoyed primacy
on the battlefield. Thus, through their discourse on Gurkhas, British officers‐writers
articulate values which, in their own idiom, are `time‐expired` (p. 150).”
“The Khukuri appears in the insignia of all Gurkha regiments (p. 150).”
“In the praises sung of Gurkha bravery, we can detect a harking back to an
imagined time when individual gallantry stood for more than impersonal
instruments, the Khukuri for more than the machine gun and tank (p. 156).”
Warrior Gentlemen: “Gurkhas” in the Western Imagination by Prof. Lionel
Caplan; Oxford,1995.
Mark (MK)1 Kukri, date, regimental and issue marked, typical ca 1903‐1920`s.
Standard Issue British‐Indian Army Model, often issued to Gurkha Regiments
and carried in World War 1.
1999‐
"Probably the knife most associated with the Indian sub‐continent is the famed and
feared kukri. Found in several design variations, the kukri was not only used by the
Gurkhas but also found widespread use among other Indian and Allied troops (p.
194)."
‐ British and Commonwealth military knifes, by Ron Flock, 1999.
32
A Second World War (WW 2) Sirupate Kukri/Khukuri, used in Burma by
Sgt. Charles “Dick” Lambert ( 3773195), 2 East Lancashire Regiment.
Perfectly balanced, metal handle.
Image: VK Kunwor/Gurkha Antiques /SirKukri.
Part 3 ‐ 2000 ‐ 2014.
2000‐
"The famous Kukri is a source of immense pride. No other symbol quite so
succinctly signals "Gurkha."...Designed for cutting, as opposed to thrusting , it is
seventeen inches overall with a blade of about eleven inches but looks bigger given
the bearer`s diminutive size and fearsome aggression. The scabbard has a metal
chape and leather frog, while a small knife and honing steel are tucked into the
back. Gurkhas feel very comfortable with a kukri in their hands and there are far
too many stories of them preferring them to firearms, which in any other unit
would bring heavy criticism. But when you see what they can do with the kukri, you
don`t want to interfere.(p. 31)."
‐ "Kukri," in SLN Guide by The British Brigade of Gurkhas, Feb/March 2000.
Nepal Army, Paratrooper badge, crossed Khukuri in middle.
Gurkha Antiques.
33
Khukuri / Kukri knifes, ca 1900‐1960, most likely WW1‐WW2 era.
Field Marshall Kaiser Shumshere Rana.
2002 ‐
"More than any other weapon that has made a name for itself on the battlefield
and off, the Khukuri looms large in the annals of war."
"The Khukuri, which terrorized the enemy during Nepal's battle with the British in
1814, and then again during both the World Wars, figures nowhere in a collection
of modern weaponry. Even in the Imperial War Museum, there is only a small kukri
in a glass case to remind visitors of this remarkable weapon."
"There is little use for the Khukuri in modern warfare," says Lalit Kumar Lama, an
ex British Gurkha officer."
"Khukuri’s have traditionally been made by Kami’s with little more than an open
forge and a handful of tools"
"Gurkhas, it is said, feel bare without their blade, and even though as a warrant
officer Lama never wielded a Khukuri against the enemy, he did use one to hack
down branches to build a bash or shelter during jungle exercises, and learnt
enough about the different kinds of military Khukuri’s."
"The Khukuri is inscribed with the year of enlistment"
" Made from reinforced steel, mostly salvaged from railway track construction, the
Dehradune or World War Khukuri, originated in Nepal and was later emulated by
the Indian Gurkha Army in Dehradun during World War II. This was the only
Khukuri used in the war, and Nepal was unable to keep up with the demand, which
was when Dehradun started to produce these on a massive scale."
34
"Since railway tracks, and the materials to build them, are hard to come by in
Dharan, Lama's factory uses the spring sheets of cars and trucks. Kami’s generally
heat the metal in a fire and temper it in a teakettle. This may not sound very
impressive, but tests show that Khukuri steel is just the right hardness to cut
through almost anything, including bone, with relative ease, while still remaining
soft enough to take this kind of abuse and keep a decent edge. This is why Khukuri’s
function more like extremely good quality high‐grade carbon steel kitchen tools
than one might imagine."
Weapons of General Kaji Abhiman Singh Basnyat, Royal Nepal Army, late 18th‐
Early 19th century. National Museum of Nepal, 2014.
SirKukri / Gurkha Antiques /VK Kunwor.
"The Khukuri has been present in every collection of weapons of Nepal's famous
fighting men including Amar Singh Thapa, Bal Bhadra Kunwar, Kalu Pandey, and
Bhimsen Thapa."
"There are plenty of explanations that attribute spiritual and religious significance
to the Khukuri. The kaudi, for instance, is said to symbolize Shiva's trident, or the
Nepali sun and the moon. The butt cap of the knife, called the chapro, is said to
resemble the eye of god, and the very shape of the blade, the crescent, is supposed
to be an invocation of the Nepali moon. Among the other beliefs associated with the
Khukuri is the belief that Newar artisans should never touch one."
"Khukuri," in Nepali Times, Issue # 113 / 27/9‐03/10, 2002 by Ramyata Limbu.
2003‐
"The Kukri is at the very heart of the tradition and culture of Nepal, and, as a very
good friend or deadly foe, it mirrors the duality of human nature and nature of
mankind."
35
Gurkha Warriors: The Inside Story of the World's Toughest Regiment by Bob Crew,
London, 2003.
The Gurkha Welfare Trust carries out great work in Nepal among Gurkha
veterans. Here also the Kukri is used as one of their symbols.
Gurkha=Kukri, Kukri=Gurkha, a simple equation as they go hand in hand.
SirKukri, 2014.
2004‐
"Kukri; Gurkha knife from Nepal with a heavy, single‐edged Kopis blade, widening
towards the point. 'The kookree is a semicircular, long, heavy knife, always carried
by the Ghoorkas; sometimes the sheath is curiously embroidered with strips from
the quill of the peacock's feather: two small crooked knives are generally in the
sheath. The kookree is used for war as well as for all domestic purposes (p. 253)."
Hindu Arms and Ritual: Arms and Armor from India 1400‐1865 by Dr. Robert
Elgood, Chicago/Delft, 2004.
“Kukri (Khukuri). Famous curved Nepali knife used as a symbol of Gorkha soldiers.
Quite typical of Nepal, they are made in the town of Bhojpur and come in many
different sizes. (p. 188).”
‐ Historical Dictionary of Nepal by N.R. Shrestha and K. Bhattarai; New Delhi,
2004.
2005 ‐
"The kukhri has a short, heavy, forward angled blade which broadens towards the
tip. The length of the blade is only about 35 to 40 centimeters but it is heavier
towards the point which adds to the effectiveness of the blow."
36
Kothimora Kukri with two important symbols of Nepal‐ The crossed kukri knifes
and the Royal crown.
"The root of the edge of a kukhri blade has a semicircular nick about one and a half
centimeter deep and a projecting tooth at the bottom. This, supposedly, represents
the female generative organ and is intended to make the blade more effective. The
hilt is straight and without a guard. It is made of metal, horn or ivory and
sometimes has carved foliate embellishments in deep relief. ...The sheaths
of kukhris shaped implements are also decorated with big chapes and lockets of
gold and silver worked in [r]epousse or filigree. A smaller sheath is affixed to the
back of the larger sheath in which two smaller kukhri shaped implements are
housed ‐‐ a blunt sharpening steel and a small skinning knife."
Village Kukri of Eastern Nepal, the Kirat (Rai & Limbu) heartland,
mid 20th century. VK Kunwor / Gurkha Antiques.
37
"The kukhri is not only a weapon but is also used as an implement for cutting
through the thick jungles of the Terai and the Himalayan slopes. It has therefore
always retained its functional and utilitarian character. ...It is maintained that a
Gurkha never sheaths his kukhri without first drawing blood with it, and most
Gurkhas still swear by this custom even today (pp. 62‐63)."
Arms & Armor: Traditional Weapons of India by E. Jaiwant Paul, 2005.
2007‐
"The Guru (Gorakhnath) gave him the khukri knife, the famous curved dagger of
the present day Gurkhas. The legend continues that he told Bappa that he and his
people would henceforth be called Gurkhas, the disciples of the Guru Gorakhnath
(p.2)."
"Kukri, the curved knife with its two little skinning knives, its tinder and flint (p.
33)."
"They are armed with a musket with or without a bayonet, a sword, and stuck in
their girdles is a crooked instrument called a Kookuree... (p. 39)” (account of Capt.
Hearsay during Anglo‐Nepal War, 1814‐1816)
"...fleeing from the highland warriors kukris (p. 74)."
"It is interesting to note that the first VC won by a Gurkha was given because he
saved the lives of his fellow soldiers, instead of killing the enemy during close
quarter fighting with his kukri, which many would have anticipated ( p. 118)."
"Subedar Lal Bahadur Thapa in April, 1943, was to cause the Gurkhas to move into
the limelight. He won his medal using pistol and kukri and story hit the headlines
(p.129)."
Nepalese Gorkhas By Dr.R.K. Purthi; New Delhi, 2007.
Two Gurkha Kukri knifes from mid 1800`s, Indian Mutiny Era.
Gurkha Antiques.
38
2009 ‐
"Here, the Gorkhas sallied out of the Fort and attacked the British troops with
Kukris, inflicting heavy casualties. ...Inspired by Bal Bhadra, these soldiers used
their Kukris to neutralize the British (p. 47)."
"The origin of the Kukri is traced to Machira the cavalry sword of ancient
Macedonians carried by Alexander`s horsemen, or to a similar form of blade of
Greek sword Kopis. Few others feel it follows early Hindu weapons. Nepali scholars
say that it was first used by the Malla rulers of t13th century, but trace its links to
sword construction in Japan. It is most likely that the peasants may have developed
it in Nepal as multi‐purpose weapon, themselves. (p.164)."
Khukuri knifes of King Dravya Shah, early ‐ mid 16th century, Nepal.
National Museum of Nepal, 2014. SirKukri & Gurkha Antiques.
"The oldest kukri of Dravya Shah... 1627.
...Kalu Pande... heaviest kukri...(p.164‐165)."
Khukuri of Kalu Pandey, mid 18th century, Nepal.
National Museum of Nepal, 2014. SirKukri & Gurkha Antiques.
39
"Kukri was used by the soldiers of the Gorkha King, Prithvi Narayan Shah, very
effectively during their invasion of Nepal valley in 1767‐78. ...it remains practically
un‐replaceable by sword, saber or rapier. Kukri is the most often used weapon of
close quarter battle and multi‐purpose tool used by the Gorkhas (p. 165)."
Weapons incl. 4‐6 Kukri / Khukuri knifes of King Prithiwi Narayan Shah, mid‐late
18th century, Nepal.
National Museum of Nepal, 2014. SirKukri / Gurkha Antiques.
"A slightly curved knife of normally 12,5 in (18 cm) length and 2 in (4 cm) wide at
its greatest width, it is reverse of a saber, as its outer edge is unsharpened and the
inner edge preforms the act of cutting. Normally made from steel by local
blacksmiths (kami’s), it weighs approximately 500 g. The main Kukri being a sharp
tool or weapon is normally kept in the scabbard, along with two small Kukris of 8
cm. In Nepal, the quality of steel, finish of the blade, material of the handle (wood,
steel, ebonite or ivory) and cover of the scabbard in cloth, leather or velvet) not
only indicate the intended use of the Kukri, but also the status of the person.
Every officer and soldier serving in a Gorkha unit has his own Kukri used for
parades and other ceremonial occasions, while a certain numbers are also issued
by the Government and kept as a reserve for various occasions, like sacrifice during
dussehra. Contractors normally manufacture these.
While Kukri may vary in shape or length depending upon the purpose for which it is
being manufactured, all of them have two notch near the handle and groove along
the edge of the blade (p.165)."
" Carried tucked into waist band in the front when in civilian clothes, in uniform it
is slung by a loop on the belt, at the back. A Gorkha learns to use kukri from
childhood (p. 166)."
"Bigger size kukris are made for special occasions like Dussehra, and are used
40
exclusively for sacrificing animals like buffalo, with one stroke. Kukri made from
white metal, with silver plated scabbard, are also given as presents at important
occasions by the Gorkhas or Gorkha Units (p.166)."
Top Kukri, regimentally marked to the 4th Prince of Wales Own Gurkha rifles, ca
1920‐1930. The Kukri is over 60 cm in total, probably for Dussehra.
Below: MK 2 World War 2 issue kukri of normal size.
Gurkha Antiques / SirKukri.
"Due to its significance for military bravery, Kukri forms an important part of the
Regimental Badge and crest of every Gorkha unit, including that of Assam Rifles,
though the positioning of Kukri may differ (p. 166)."
"A Gorkha carrying a Kukri (a right based on custom to a war like race which has
no religious significance at all (p. 167)."
"Carrying of the Kukri by Gorkha soldiers is covered in the Tripartite Agreement of
1947 between Nepal, India and the UK (p. 167)."
"In 1882, it was re‐designated as Assam Military Police and adopted a crest with
two kukris (p. 169‐170)."
"the Kukri wielding Gorkhas had created so much fear in the minds of the
infiltrators that the task was carried out against light opposition (p. 198)" and
"advance by Kukri wielding Gorkhas (p.225)."
The author has detailed accounts of the Kukri being used in all if not most post
1947 Indian Army conflicts;
1947‐48 Jammu & Kashmir, 1948 Hyderabad, 1949 Aurangabad,
Indo‐china war 1962:
"In the absence of digging tools, the troops had to use Kukris and other implements
to dig defenses’ and construct over head shelters using local wood (p. 231)."
41
Indian Gorkha Regiment Soldiers on Khukuri inspection.
"As the Gorkhas got down to preparing defenses’ at Rupa defile with their Kuris
and mess tins... (p.238).”
Indo ‐ Pak war 1965:
Gorkahs swept swiftly over the objective and giving free play to their Kukris quickly
evicted an enemy rifles company and a mujahid company (. p. 283‐4)
Indo ‐ Pak war 1971:
"11 GR..., Rfn Dhoj Limbu engaged them, while Maj. Shekhawat and his men used
their Kukris boldly (p.303)."
"Hav. Bir Bahadur Rai used his Kukris effectively (p. 316)."
"They (1/5 GR) attacked the depth locality with Kukris, as the village woke with the
sound of the Gorkhas shouting, “Ayo Gorkhali”, a war cry which made the enemy
lose their nerves (p. 321)."
"They (5/3 GR) began silently by using Kukris but by then the enemy was fully alert.
...continued to press the assault with Kukris... (p. 324)."
"The old fashioned Kukri wielding foot soldiers are becoming a relic of the past in a
high technology military forces of modern times (p. 497)."
Gorkhas of the Indian Army by Lt Gen Y.M. Bammi; New Delhi, 2009
42
The Gorkha (Gurkha) soldier, the above sign is frequently used by the Indian
Army Gorkha Regiments.
2010 ‐
" The kukri ‐ a curved knife, commonly used by hill farmers in the Himalayas ‐ has
become synonymous with the Gurkha soldiers from Nepal.
It is the emblem of the Gurkha regiments in the British army and is a symbol of the
Nepalese nation.
Gerald Davies, curator of the Gurkha Museum in Winchester said: "It is really the
symbol of the kukri, the strength and loyalty of the Gurkhas that has continued to
this day."
Pictures published of the Gurkhas sharpening their kukri were part of the
propaganda war prior to the Falklands conflict, designed to instill fear into
Argentine conscript soldiers who knew the fearsome reputation of their
prospective enemy.
The Gurkhas are also currently fighting in Afghanistan as part of the NATO mission
in the country and a kukri is still part of the standard kit of a Gurkha soldier.
A 4th Gurkha Rifles regiment etch marked kukri, ca 1920´s, India.
Gurkha Antiques.
Utility weapon
The earliest record of a kukri goes back to 1627 but the design has not changed
over the centuries.
Made by the Nepalese Kami clan of blacksmiths, an average kukri is 14‐16 inches in
43
length with a steel blade and a wooden, bone or metal curved handle. Its compact
size means less metal is used in its manufacture than a conventional sword.
It is also widely used utility instrument ‐ handed down between generations for use
around the hillside farms by Nepalese men and boys.
The distinctive indentation serves the practical purpose of preventing blood
running down handle but also has a religious significance as at Dashain, the Hindu
religious festival, a ceremonial version of the kukri, (a konra) is used to sever the
head of an animal in one blow. A clean cut signifies good luck and wellbeing for
those attending the ceremony.
The design is the perfect balance of weight allowing the full force of movement to
be translated to into the blade.
Gerald Davies explains it is a slashing as well as a stabbing weapon:
"It can be used in the hands of a skilled kukri operator to disembowel a horse ‐
which they did in the olden days ‐ or cut off an arm or even a head in battle."
Symbol of loyalty
As well as an effective weapon, it is a powerful symbol of the special relationship
between Nepal and the UK. Nepal is Britain's oldest ally in Asia ‐ diplomatic
relations were first established in 1815.
Gerald Davies explained: "It has stood the test of time for nearly 200 years ‐
representing Gurkhas serving the crown. Wherever that soldier has been, in any
part of the world, the kukri has been used. Our enemies have known when they are
up against a Gurkha because it the kukri that has been imprinted on their minds."
"It links two countries in a unique situation which I think we should all be proud.""
"Gurkha kukri knife's historic role in war and peace" in BBC Hampshire & Isle of
Wight , 15 January 2010.
A Kurki presented to Lt. Mills, 1930`s of the 7th Gurkha Rifles.
2011 ‐
"All habitually carry the national weapon the khukri (p. 34).2
"Buffaloes and goats are sacrificed by means of decapitation with a khukri....the
decapitation of a fully‐grown buffalo at one stroke of the khukri is a feat
demanding no ordinary strength and skill (p. 70)."
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"The Guru (Gorakhnath) gave him the Kukri (Khukuri) knife, the famous curved
blade of the present day Gurkhas (p. 93)"
"Gorkha Regiments (India)...the regiments are famous for their use of the Khukri (p.
113).”
"...Emerging from the fort under the leadership of fort commander Bal Bhadra
Kunwar, naked Khukuri’s in their hand and boldly marching...(p. 156)."
‐ The Gurkhas by Dr. R.K. Purthi, New Delhi, 2011
3 various Kukri Knifes, Sirupate style, Mark 3, MK 2. WW2 period.
Gurkha Antiques / SirKukri
2012 ‐
"The khukui, or kukri, as it has come to be known in the West, initially came to
British attention during the first assault on Nepal by British and Indian troops in
1814. "
"...The soldier that did survive returned to camp with stories about comrades who
had been `chopped down y a hook‐like knife, possibly an agricultural implement.`"
"...a multi‐purpose appliance used for cutting up food, tree felling, ritualistic animal
slaughter as we as for combat, the kukri as been a staple tool of Nepalese life for
hundred of years. A Nepalese boy will be given his first kukri around the age of five
and, from then, he will start learning the skills needed to utilize it to its full capacity
as a weapon and, more importantly, as a life‐tool."
"...his kukri will ultimately become an extension of his arm."
"The kukri has a deep‐rooted heritage with the Nepalese people as well as the
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Gurkhas of the British Army and the Gorkhas of the Indian Army. A medium‐length
curved knife, the kukri is a close‐quarter weapon with lethal capabilities, believed
by many to be far superior to the bayonet, sword or pike..."
"Each knife the Kami make, although based around the same basic design, is
individual to the man they are making it for."
"Legend has it that a kukri has never been broken in battle."
Potential Gurkha recruit, with Khukuri in waist.
"The selective hardening of the steel spring with a high carbon content means that
it remains durable while at the same time allowing the blade to flex without
snapping, remaining so sharp that it can take an edge."
"Due to its size and versatile nature, the kukri is the Gurkha soldier`s weapon of
choice. Long before Gurkhas became integrated with the British Army, these
Nepalese fighters would happily go into combat with nothing more then their
trusty blades."
“The kukri is to Nepal and Gurkhas what the Sword of Honour is to Britain`s
military institutions. It is a symbol that is held in high regard for those soldiers
fighting on the battlefield. The kukri has been adopted as the national weapon of
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honour and glory in Nepal and ranks of soldiers are distinguished from one and
another by differently graded kukris; the higher‐rank officers having elaborate
patterns etched into their blades."
"The kukri is a royal affair; the kukris belonging to the senior members of Nepal`s
royal family will be etched with even more elaborate patterns and will bear
circular insignias that symbolize a high caste."
"Over the years the kukri has become a mystical weapon, something that, if written
about in a children`s story, would have a mind of its own....it needs to be utilized
professionally and with respect."
"The Kukri Knife" in Gurkhas: Better to die than live a coward, by Benita Estevez,
2012.
2013‐
"Gorkha soldiers have long been known the world over for their valor and these
Khukuri‐wielding warriors winning the British many a battle have become folklore.
...A retired Indian Gorkha soldier recently revisited those glory days when he
thwarted 40 robbers, killing three of them and injuring eight others, with his
Khukuri during a train journey. He is in line to receive three gallantry awards from
the Indian government.
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...He said the rest of the robbers fled after he killed three of them with his Khukuri
and injured eight others.
...I am proud to be able to prove that a Gorkha soldier with a Khukuri is really a
handful. I would have been a meek spectator had I not carried that Khukuri,” he
said."
"Lone Nepali Gorkha who subdued 40 train robbers" in My Republica, Jan 13,
2013.
"Edged weapons were developed to function in foot or mounted combat. The
primary battlefield function often determined the specific design of the weapon. In
poorer societies the general populace frequently modified agricultural tools into
weapons of war (p. 4)."
"...specific note of how battlefield need and geography influenced the design of the
weapon....and the type of armor available to counter the blow of a knife or sword
(p. 5.)."
"edged weapons are not randomly chosen bars of steel that can cut and kill. The
difference between victory and defeat often lies in the soldier`s knowledge, skills,
and fortitude; in how well he handles his weapon, but also in how well the weapon
adheres to the laws of physics with respect to balance and motion (p. 7)."
"The kukri gave (and gives) the Gurkhas mental superiority over their enemy
...accounts of their use of the kukri for decapitation purposes that caused the enemy
to surrender (p. 24)."
"The heavy‐duty blade of the kukri is designed primarily for chopping. A
distinguishing characteristic of a chopping knife is the curved edge."
"According to one Gurkha sergeant, the shape of the kukri symbolizes the three
Hindu gods of Brahma (the creator), Vishnu (the caretaker of Heaven), and Shiva
(the Destroyer of Evil) (p.31)."
"Philosophically the notch represents the sun and moon, symbols of Nepal, or the
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female generative organ, which is said to give the blade strength and efficiency.
The Gurkhas believed that a kukri used to kill an enemy captured a part of his soul,
thus becoming a spirited sword.
The kukri has three primary uses; disarm, disable, and kill (p.34)."
"As a combat weapon the kukri has seen its greatest use in jungle warfare (p. 41)."
"Kukris and Gurkhas" by Martina Sprague, 2013.
Various Kukri / Khukuri styles and models, ca 1850‐1990.
Gurkha Antiques & SirKukri.
2014‐
"The Khukuri, a semi curve metal knife, is synonymous with the valor of legendary
Gurkha soldier. It is probably the most functional knife in existence, due to its
unique design. This formidable blade is the national weapon of Nepal (p.40)."
"...Khukuri has great historical and religious significance. You can discover
thousands of myths and legends behind it (p.40)."
"Most Khukuri keep their name from the place where they made such as Bhojpure,
Dhankute, chainpure, Ankhhola, Salyani, Piuthani in different size 4” to 36” long
blade (largest knife made in Nepal). There are the Bishwakarmas or Kami’s (metal
smith), the untouchable cast, who make the Kuhukuris. Khukuri making is one of
the oldest profession of Kami. There is another different clan called Sarki who
makes scabbard of Sheath (Dap) (p.40)."
"The knife is made only from high‐grade carbon steel often taken from a railway
line or truck spring. A Khukuri handle is usually made from rosewood, buffalo
horns or metal such as Aluminum, Brass, in some cases ivory and Antler are also
49
used for making the handle. The common scabbard is made from leather or
wood...(p.40)."
"Most Khukuri’s feature two little knives attached at the back of the sheath held
either in a built‐in‐pocket or a leather purse. The small sharp knife is a karda.
Besides being used to hone the master bade, it serves for small cutting jobs. Perhaps
the most unusual task it has is at the time of a child`s birth: the Karda is then used
to cut the umbilical cord. Afterwards the knife is placed at the side of the cot to
ward off evil spirits. The other knife is called a Chakmak. It is blunt and once
rubbed against stone will produce enough sparks to start a fire (p.41)."
"None of us know the fact as to how the Khukuri originated and where it was
developed. The place of origin has been lost into the times gone by (p.41)."
"Another thing that adds to the magic of the Khukuri is the cultural and religious
significance that has worked its way into the knife.
...the crescent‐moon shaped notch as the base of the blade. Some say it is a fertility
symbol or a lock for securing the Khukuri in its sheath. Others say it is to interrupt
the flow of blood down onto the handle.
The notch of the Khukuri near the hilt is said the trident of the Hindu god Shiva..., it
has various other meanings such as cow tract, the sexual apparatus of Hindu gods
and goddesses, the sun and the moon, the symbols of Nepal (p. 41)."
"The Gurkhas (Nepalese Army, British Gurkhas Regiments, Indian Gurkha Army are
considered as real Gurkhas) who did more than anybody to bring this knife to the
attention of the world (p. 41)."
"Nepalese people traditionally carry the Khukuri when travelling beyond their
homeland. ...The Khukuri is also the peaceful all purpose knife of the hill people of
Nepal. It is a versatile working tool and therefore an indispensable possession of
almost every household and travellers (p. 41)."
"Mystique and magic are inherent in Khukuri (p. 41)."
“The Khukuri – Edge of Myth & Legends,” by Tilak Sunar, in Travel Nepal, Jan
2104, Kathmandu, Nepal., pp. 40‐41.
Museums:
National Army Museum, London, UK:
"The curved fighting knife, or kukri, is the Gurkha's trademark, and these
distinctive weapons of unknown origin have been used for both peaceful and
warlike purposes since at least the thirteenth century."
"Effective as both a chopping and a slashing weapon, the heavy blade of the 'kukri'
enables the user to inflict deep wounds and to cut through muscle and bone. It was
not unknown for a Gurkha to chop off an enemy soldier's head with one stroke of
the 'kukri'."
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Four various Khukuri knife, Officers models, ca 1920‐1950,
1st Gurkha Rifles, 4th Gurkha Rifles, Indian Army Gorkha Regiment.
Pitt River Museum, Oxford, UK:
"The kukri is the knife of the Gurkhas of Nepal. Noted for their strength and
courage, the Gurkhas have served in the British Army for over 200 years.
With its distinctive forward‐angled blade and separate pouches for smaller knives,
tweezers and a whetstone (for sharpening blades), the kukri is an multi‐purpose
weapon. It is useful for all sorts of tasks, from clearing undergrowth to opening
tins. Although this example is perhaps 200 years old, many modern survival knives
still take the kukri as their inspiration."
The Gurkha Museum, Winchester, UK:
"The Kukri, regarded as traditional to all hill tribes of Nepal, is both a formidable
weapon and a tool which has innumerable uses from shaping timber to chopping
up meat and vegetables. The handle is usually of wood or buffalo horn. A nick in the
blade close to the handle serves the purpose of preventing blood from reaching the
handle and is also symbolic of the Hindu Trinity of Bramah, Vishnu and Shiva. The
blade is enclosed in a scabbard of wood and leather and the whole weapon is some
sixteen to eighteen inches long.
For ceremonial and presentation purposes, Kukri with scabbards ornamented in
gold and silver and handles of ivory are often seen, and there is also a form of
sacrificial Kukri with a longer blade and handle, suitable for gripping with two
hands. (p.10)"
‐ "The Kukri"; type written note from HQ British Gurkhas, date unknown, given
by The Gurkha Museum.
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"Prithiwi Narayan`s soldiers carried a comparatively new weapon: a short oddly‐
curved knife and the inability of his enemies to develop a parry for this knife,
known as the kukri, was, in some measure at least, responsible for their defeat. As
long as edged weapons continued as the principal arm of soldiers, the kukri
remained superior in hand‐to‐hand conflict. Even today the kukri, in the hands of
an expert, remains practically un‐parryable by sword, sabre or rapier.
The father and unifier of Nepal, King Prihiwi Narayan Shah assembling his
troops, Gorkhalis, ca 1760`s.
Image: www.ikrhs.com.
Its efficiency as a fighting weapon caused it to be adopted as the national weapon
of Nepal and even now every soldier in the army of Nepal and The Brigade of
Gurkhas is issued a serviceable kukri of good steel. Today most "hill" people and
valley dwellers still carry a kukri in their belts or sashes and use it for all purposes:
butchering, defense against wild animals, tree cutting and the peeling of vegetables
‐ in fact, an all‐purpose instrument. When the King of Nepal is absent from any
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official festival or ceremony a gold kukri (the King`s own) is reverently placed on
his throne and obeisance is made thereto by his family and ministers; officially the
King, though his kukri, is present (p. 38)."
‐ "The Kukri, National Weapon of Nepal," article from The Gurkha Museum,
Winchester, England, date unknown.
Kukri (Khukuri) knife & Kora (Khora) Sword.
Traditional Gurkha & Nepalese Weapons.
Gurkha Antiques & SirKukri.
Unconfirmed Sources:
"The Gurkha is worthy of notice, if only for the remarkable weapon which they use
in preference to any other. It is called the 'Kukri' and is of a very peculiar shape.
. Before passing to the mode in which the kukri is used, it should be mentioned that
it is not employed for domestic purposes, being too highly valued by the owner. For
such purposes two smaller knives are used, of very similar form, but apparently of
inferior metal. These are kept in little cases attached to the side of the kukri sheath,
just as in the case with the knives attached to a Highlander's dirk.
In the hands of an experienced wielder this knife is about as formidable a weapon
as can be conceived. Like all really good weapons, its efficiency depends much more
upon the skill than the strength of the wielder, and thus it happens that the little
Gurkha, a mere boy in point of stature, will cut to pieces a gigantic adversary who
does not understand his mode of onset. The Gurkha generally strikes upwards with
the kukri, possibly in order to avoid wounding himself should his blow fail, and
possibly because an upward cut is just the one that can be least guarded against.
When we were engaged in the many wars in India the Gurkha proved themselves
our most formidable enemies, as since they have proved themselves most
invaluable allies. Brave as lions, active as monkeys, and fierce as tigers, the lithe
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wiry little men came leaping over the ground to the attack, moving so quickly, and
keeping so far apart from each other, that musketry was no use against them.
When they came near the soldiers, they suddenly crouched to the ground, dived
under the bayonets, struck upwards at the men with their kukris, ripping them
open with a single blow, and then, after having done all the mischief in their power,
darting off as rapidly as they had come. Until our men learned this mode of attack,
they were greatly discomfited by their little opponents, who got under their
weapons, cutting or slashing with knives as sharp as razors, and often escaping
unhurt from the midst of bayonets. They would also dash under the bellies of the
officers' horses, rip them open with one blow of the kukri, and aim another at the
leg of the officer as he and his horse fell together."
"Travels in India and Nepal" by the Reverend Wood, 1896, found in
http://nepalitimes.com/news.php?id=5750#.Urya1vt1KHM and frequently used by
several Khukuri dealers in Nepal.
Capt. Bal Bhadra Kunwor, Commander of Nalapani (Kalinga) fort, Anglo‐Gurkha
(Nepal) War 1814‐1816. Image; VK Kunwor.
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Often believed to be Capt. Bal Bhadra Kunwor, Fort Commander of the Nepali
(Gorkhali/Gurkha) troops at the battle of Nalapani in the Anglo‐Nepal War, 1814.
Though it has been suggested that it maybe more likely (General) Kaji Amar
Singh Thapa, Chief Commander of the Gorkhali troops in the West.
Other Useful Sources:
"Thirty‐eight Years in India: From Juganath to the Himalaya Mountains" by
William Tayler, London, 1882.
"Memories of India; recollections of soldiering and sport" by Baron Baden‐
Powell of Gilwell, Philadelphia, 1915.
"Memoirs of India" by R.G. Wallace, London, 1824.
"Life and Opinions of General Sir Charles James Napier", by Lt. Gen Sir W. Napier,
London, 1857.
SFI & IKHRS forums.
Collection late 19th ‐ early 20th century “Holstein”.
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This series of posts is in no way a 100% complete account, any other quotes may
be mailed in to me. Thank you.
Best wishes,
Viking Krishna Kunwor
Proprietor & Researcher
Gurkha Antiques & The Adventures of Sir Kukri & Co.
.
The original version is found on Sirkukri.blogspot.com:
Part 1‐
http://www.sirkukri.blogspot.no/#!http://sirkukri.blogspot.com/2014/01/the‐
kukri‐knife‐of‐gurkhas‐historical.html
Part 2 ‐
http://www.sirkukri.blogspot.no/#!http://sirkukri.blogspot.com/2014/01/the‐
kukri‐knife‐of‐gurkhas‐historical_9.html
Part 3 ‐
http://www.sirkukri.blogspot.no/#!http://sirkukri.blogspot.com/2014/01/the‐
kukri‐knife‐of‐gurkhas‐historical_10.html
JAI GURKHA (Gorkha) & JAI KHUKURI (Kukri).
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