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    Alcohol Met

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    Milkoo saba
    Alcohol is metabolized primarily in the liver via two pathways: (1) the major pathway converts alcohol to acetate via alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase, and (2) the minor pathway converts it to acetaldehyde via microsomal cytochrome P450. Chronic alcoholism can lead to metabolic alterations like increased lactate and fatty liver due to a high NADH/NAD+ ratio during alcohol metabolism. Effects of long term alcohol abuse include cirrhosis of the liver, neurological changes, and heart damage.

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    Alcohol Met

    Uploaded by

    Milkoo saba
    24 views11 pages
    Alcohol is metabolized primarily in the liver via two pathways: (1) the major pathway converts alcohol to acetate via alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase, and (2) the minor pathway converts it to acetaldehyde via microsomal cytochrome P450. Chronic alcoholism can lead to metabolic alterations like increased lactate and fatty liver due to a high NADH/NAD+ ratio during alcohol metabolism. Effects of long term alcohol abuse include cirrhosis of the liver, neurological changes, and heart damage.

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    Alcohol metabolism

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    18. Alcohol met

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    Alcohol is metabolized primarily in the liver via two pathways: (1) the major pathway converts alcohol to acetate via alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase, and (2) the minor pathway converts it to acetaldehyde via microsomal cytochrome P450. Chronic alcoholism can lead to metabolic alterations like increased lactate and fatty liver due to a high NADH/NAD+ ratio during alcohol metabolism. Effects of long term alcohol abuse include cirrhosis of the liver, neurological changes, and heart damage.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    24 views11 pages

    Alcohol Met

    Uploaded by

    Milkoo saba
    Alcohol is metabolized primarily in the liver via two pathways: (1) the major pathway converts alcohol to acetate via alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase, and (2) the minor pathway converts it to acetaldehyde via microsomal cytochrome P450. Chronic alcoholism can lead to metabolic alterations like increased lactate and fatty liver due to a high NADH/NAD+ ratio during alcohol metabolism. Effects of long term alcohol abuse include cirrhosis of the liver, neurological changes, and heart damage.

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    Download as pdf or txt
    of 11

    ALCOHOL METABOLISM

    ALCOHOL METABOLISM
    Walker has rightly said

    'alcohol can be a food, a


    drug or a poison
    depending on the dose.
    ALCOHOL METABOLISM
    Sources
    (a)Endogenous Small amounts of alcohol in the
    blood may be produced by intestinal flora.

    (b) Exogenous Alcohol consumed by pleasure


    seekers is absorbed easily all along gastro
    intestinal tract and reaches liver.
    Site
    Liver is the major site of alcohol metabolism.
    There are two pathways for alcohol degradation.
    1. Major pathway
     Alcohol is converted to acetate
    by the action of two enzymes.

     Cytosolic alcohol dehydrogenase


     Mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase

     Acetyl-CoA may be formed from acetate which


    enters TCA cycle or fatty acid biosynthesis.
    2. Minor pathway
     Alcohol is converted to acetaldehyde
    by
     Microsomal cytP450-dependent ethanol
    oxidizing system.
     It is an induceble pathway and become
    prominent in chronic alcoholics.
    Biochemical changes in alcoholism

     The metabolism of alcohol (by both


    dehydrogenases) involves the consumption of
    NAD+, and consequently a high NADH/NAD+ ratio.
     This is mostly responsible for the metabolic
    alterations observed in alcoholism.
    1. High concentration of NADH favours the
    conversion of pyruvate to lactate which may lead
    to lactic acidosis.
    2. Hypoglycemia due to reduced gluconeogenesis
    is observed. This happens as a result of
    decreased availability of pyruvate and
    oxaloacetate (the latter gets converted to malate
    by high NADH).
    3. Citric acid cycle is impaired since the
    availabilitv of oxaloacetate and NAD+ is
    reduced.
     As a result, acetyl CoA accumulates which
    gets diverted towards ketogenesis,
    cholesterologenesis, and fatty acid synthesis.
     Accumulation of fats leads to fatty liver and
    hyperlipidemia.
    4. Increased concentration of serum uric acid
    due to its reduced excretion is observed in
    alcoholism. This is due to lactic acidosis
    5. Acetaldehyde interferes with the functioning
    of neurotransmitters, with an overall effect of
    neurological depression.
    6. Acetaldehyde causes headache, nausea/
    tachycardia, reduced blood pressure etc.

    Effects of Chronic alcoholism


    Cirrhosis Of Liver,
    Neurodegenerative Changes,
    Cardiomyopathy,
    Diuresis,
    Impotence etc.
    How much alcohol I can
    drink?

     Alcohol consumption should not exceed


    moderate drinking.
     Moderation is defined as no more than one
    drink per day for women and no more than
    two drinks per day for men.
     A drink is defined as 1 regular beer,
     5 ounces of wine (a little over ¹⁄ cup), or
     1.5 ounces of an 80-proof liquor, such as
    whiskey.
    Pregnant women should drink no alcohol.
    Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)
     The ingestion of alcohol by
    pregnant women can result in

     Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is marked by


     prenatal and postnatal growth
    deficiency,
     developmental delay, and
     craniofacial,limb, and cardiovascular
    defects.

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