SCIENCE REVIEWER: 2nd Grading – 1st Monthly exam

WEEK 1: DESCARTES’ RULE OF SIGNS AND GRAPHS OF

POLYNOMIAL FUNCTION
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- A central angle of a circle is an angle whose
- To determine the number of real zeros of a
vertex is at the center of a circle.
polynomial function, Descartes’ rule of Signs can be
used. This rule was developed by the French - A semicircle is an arc with measure 180° whose
endpoints are the endpoints of a diameter. A
Mathematician Rene Descartes.
Descartes’ Rule of Signs semicircle is named using three points.The
- Let P(x) be a polynomial function written in entire circle is then the arc intercepted by one
complete revolution. Its measure is 360°.A
descending powers of x with real coefficients.
minor arc is an arc which is smaller than a
- The number of positive real zeros of P(x) is
semicircle.
either equal to the number of variations in sign
- Its measure (and that of its central angle) is less
in P(x), or less than that number by a positive
than 180°. A minor arc is named by using only
even integer.
- The number of negative real zeros of P(x) is two points, which are two endpoints of the
either equal to the number of variations in sign arc.A major arc is an arc which is bigger than a
semicircle. Its measure (and that of its central
in P(−x), or less than that number by a positive
angle) is greater than 180°. A major arc is named
even integer.
- An upper bound is an integer that is greater by using three points (sometimes by using only
two points) in the same way that we name a
than equal to the greatest real zero of a
semicircle.
polynomial function. A lower bound, on the
- In a circle or in congruent circles, two minor arcs
other hand, is an integer that is less than or
equal to the least real zero of the polynomial are congruent if and only if their corresponding
function. chords are congruent.
- In a circle, a diameter that is perpendicular to a
Upper and Lower Bound Theorem chord bisects the chord and its arc.
- In a circle or in congruent circles, two chords are
- Let P(x) be a polynomial with real coefficients
congruent if and only if they are equidistant
and a positive leading coefficients. Suppose P(x)
from the center.
is divided by x − c using synthetic division.
- If c > 0 and each number in the third row is WEEK 3: INSCRIBED ANGLES AND INTERCEPTED ARCS
either positive or zero, then c is an upper bound
for the real zeros of P(x). - An angle whose vertex lies on the circle and
whose sides are chords of the circle is an
- If c < 0 and each number in the third row are
inscribed
alternately nonpositive or zero and nonnegative,
- angle.
then c is an lower bound for the real zeros of
- The measure of an inscribed angle is half the
P(x).
measure of its intercepted arc.
- Inscribed angles of a circle intercepting the same
A polynomial inequality is conveniently solved
when the polynomials involved are in factored arcs or congruent arcs are congruent.
form. - An angle inscribed in a semicircle is a right angle
and therefore, its measure is equal to 90
A turning point is a curve that is higher or lower
degrees.
than all points located nearby. This occurs when
- If a quadrilateral is inscribed in a circle, then its
the function changes from sloping upwards to
opposite angles are supplementary.
sloping downwards or vice versa.
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Theorem 1:
WEEK 2: CIRCLES AND RELATED TERMS DEFINED AND
ARC ADDITION POSTULATE Half of the arc

Theorem 2:
- A circle is the set of all points having the same
distance from a fixed point. The fixed point (P in If Same arc, then both of them is congruent
the figure) is it the center. For convenience, we
will denote this circle by ∙ P(read “circle P”). Theorem 3:
- A radius (PT̅̅̅̅)̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅ is a segment having as its endpoint
Right angle, 90 degrees
the center and a point on the circle.
- A chord (MA ) is segment whose endpoints lie Theorem 4:
on the circle.
- A diameter (HA̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅ ) is a chord which passes through Supplementary, must have the sum of 180 degrees.
the center, it is the longest chords, and its
length is twice the radius.