DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ROURKELA

ASSIGNMENT-II (D.O.S.: 28th November 2022)

1. A compound beam ABC has a roller support at A, an internal hinge at B, and a fixed support at C
as shown in Figure 1. Segment AB has length a and segment BC has length b. A concentrated load
P acts at distance 2a/3 from support A and a uniform load of intensity q acts between points B and
C. Determine the deflection at the hinge B and the angle of rotation at support A (Note: The beam
has constant flexural rigidity EI.)

Figure 1
2. Simple beam with an overhang supports a uniform load of intensity q on span AB and a
concentrated load P at end C of the overhang as shown in Figure 2. Determine the deflection at C
and angle of rotation at point C. (Use the modified form of Castigliano’s theorem.)

Figure 2
3.
i) A cantilever beam of length l is loaded only one half of its length from the free end with a
uniformly distributed load of w per unit run. Derive a formula for the deflection at the free
end

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 ii) A cantilever of length 2 m carries a uniformly distributed load of 2500 N/m for a length of
1.25 m from the fixed end and a point load 1000 N at the free end. If the section is rectangular,
120 mm side and 240 mm deep, find the deflection at the free end. Take E = 10,000 N/mm2.
4. A close coiled helical spring is to have a stiffness of 1 N/mm of compression under a maximum
load of 45 N and a maximum shearing stress of 126 N/mm2. The solid length of the spring (when
the coils are touching) is to be 45 mm. Find the diameter of the wire, the mean diameter of the
coils and the number of coils required. Modulus of rigidity C = 4.2×104 N/mm2.
5. A close coiled helical spring having 24 turns is made of 8 mm diameter wire. The mean diameter
of the spring is 80 mm and it carries a load of 250 N. Determine the shear stress developed, the
deflection and the stiffness of the spring. Take G = 84GPa.
6. A close coiled helical spring has its free length as 120 mm. It absorbs 40 N-m of energy when fully
compressed and the coils are in contact. The mean coil diameter is 80 mm. Determine the diameter
of the steel wire required and the number of coils if the maximum stress is to be 120 MPa. Take G
= 82 GPa.
7. A compound spring consists of two closed-coil helical springs having exactly the same initial
length when unloaded. The outer spring has 16 coils and 12 mm diameter bar coiled to a mean
diameter of 125 mm and the inner has 24 coils with a mean diameter of 75 mm. The working stress
in each spring is to be the same. Find (a) the diameter of the steel bar for the inner spring and (b)
the stiffness of the compound spring. G = 70 GPa.
8. A close-coiled spring is required to have an axial stiffness of 5 N/mm and torsional stiffness of
100 N m degree angle of twist. The maximum bending stress should not exceed 120 MPa when
subjected to an axial twist of 2.5 Nm. If E = 200 GPa and G = 85 GPa for the material of the spring,
find the diameter of wire, the mean radius of the coil and the number of turns.
9. A steel bar of rectangular cross-section, 10 cm deep and 5 cm wide, is bent in the planes of the
longer sides. Estimate the greatest allowable bending moment if the bending stresses are not to
exceed 150 MN/m2 in tension and compression.
10. Determine the UD load that the flitched beam shown in Figure 3 can carry over a span of 3 m. The
permissible stress in steel is 150 MPa and for timber, the permissible stresses are 9 MPa in
compression and 14 MPa in tension. Take m = 20

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 Figure 3
11. A rectangular section 200 mm wide and 400 mm deep is used on a span of 6 m for the loading
shown in Figure. 4. Find the maximum value (W) so that the permissible stress of 50 MPa is not
exceeded in the material.

Figure 4
12. Compare the strengths of the two sections shown in Figure 5 if they are of the same material, area,
and thickness.

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 Figure 5
13. A 40-kN load acts on a short column of 80 mm × 60 mm rectangular cross-section at a point 30
mm from the shorter side and 15 mm from the longer side. Find the maximum tensile and
compressive stresses in the section.
14. Find Euler’s critical load for a hollow cylindrical cast iron column 200 mm external and 25 mm
thick, if it is 6 metre long and hinged at both ends. Take E = 8 ×104 N/mm2. Compare Euler’s
critical load with the Rankine’s critical load taking fc = 550 N/mm2 and a = 1/1600. For what length
of the column would the critical loads by Euler’s and Rankine’s formula be equal?
15. A rectangular column of wood, 3 m long, carries a load of 300 kN. Determine whether or not a
section of size 200 mm × 150 mm will be able to carry this load if a factor of safety of 3 is to be
used, assuming Euler’s formula is applicable. E = 12.5 GPa and the permissible stress is 12 MPa.
If this section will not be able to carry this load, design a square section to do so.
16. The framework shown in Figure 6 is subjected to a load of 30 kN. The two members are of circular
cross section and hinged at the ends. Find the minimum diameter required for the two bars. E =
200 GPa and the proportional limit is 210 N/mm2. Take a factor of safety of 3.

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 Figure 6
17. Compare the Euler crippling loads of two columns-one of solid circular section and the second of
hollow circular section of internal diameter 70% of the external diameter if they are of the same
material, same length, same area, and same end conditions.
18. In the case of a shaft of uniform circular cross-section subjected to bending and torsion, show that
the ratio of the requisite diameter according to the maximum principal stress theory and the
maximum shear stress theory is given by

d1 Me
= 3
d2 Te
where Me = equivalent bending moment and Te = equivalent torque.
19. The maximum normal stress and the maximum shear stress for a shaft of 150 mm diameter under
combined bending and torsion were found to be 120 MN/m2 and 80 MN/m2, respectively. Find the
bending moment and torque to which shaft is subjected. If the maximum shear stress be limited to
100 MN/m2, find by how much the torque can be increased if bending moment is kept constant.
20. Design a solid circular shaft subjected to a BM of 20 kN m and a torque of 12 kN m at a section.
The maximum normal stress and shear stress are limited to 150 MPa and 120 MPa, respectively.
21. At a point in a stressed material, the three principal stresses are 90 N/mm2 (tensile), 60 N/mm2
(tensile) and 30 N/mm2 (compressive). Find the factor of safety if the yield stress is 230 N/mm2
and ʋ = 0.3 by the principal stress, shear stress, and principal strain theories.
22. Design a steel bolt subjected to a tensile load of 20 kN along with a shear force of 10 kN. The yield
point for the material is 300 MPa and v = 0.3. Calculate the safe diameter by all the theories of
failure if a factor of safety of 2.5 is desired.

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23. A circular shaft, 100 mm in diameter, is subjected to a twisting moment of 8500 Nm in addition
to a BM of 6000 Nm. Check whether the shaft is safe by the principal stress, principal strain, and
maximum shear stress theories if the elastic limit in a simple tension test is 230 N/mm 2. Find the
factor safety in each case. Poisson’s ratio, v = 0.3.
24. The short concrete cylinder having a diameter of 50 mm is subjected to a torque of 500 Nm and
an axial compressive force of 2 kN. Determine if it fails according to the maximum-normal-stress
theory. The ultimate stress of the concrete is σult = 28 MPa.
25. Derive an expression for an equivalent bending moment Me that, if applied alone to a solid bar
with a circular cross section, would cause the same maximum shear stress as the combination of
an applied moment M and torque T. Assume that the principal stresses are of opposite algebraic
signs.
26. Compare the flexural strength of three beams of equal weight with the following specification:
(i) I-section with length of web, thickness of each flange and the thickness of web in terms of
width b of the flanges being 1.7b, 0.15b and 0.1b respectively.
(ii) Rectangular section of depth equal to twice the width
(iii) Solid circular section
27. A semi-circular steel ring of mean radius 300 mm is suspended vertically with the top end fixed
as shown in the above figure and carries a vertical load of 200 N at the lowest point. Calculate the
vertical deflection of the lower end if the ring is of rectangular cross- section 20 mm thick and 30
mm wide. Value of Elastic modulus is 2 × 105 N/mm2. Influence of circumferential and shearing
forces may be neglected.
28. Types of theories of failure discuss with neat sketch for different failure zones.
29. What is joint efficiency and why it needs to be considered for shell design.
30. Discuss about Castigliano’s theorem and prove it.
31. Explain and prove Maxwell’s 's reciprocal theorem.
32. Explain and prove moment area method.