HOW TO WRITE FILM/MOVIE

SCRIPT
 Understand what a script is

The script, or screenplay,

outlines all of the elements
(audio, visual, behavior, and
dialogue) that are required to
tell a story through movies or
TV.

A script is almost never the

work of a single person. Instead,
it will go through revisions and
rewrites, and ultimately will be
interpreted by the producers,
directors, and actors.
 Quiz 1

What is a script?
A. An outline of the elements of a story for a visual
medium
B. The director’s interpretation of the story.
C. A concept for TV or movie.
STAGES OF SCREENWRITING
UNDERSTAND STRUCTURE
The classic structure is to divide a
screenplay into 3 acts (set up, conflict,
resolution)

THINKING WITH PICTURES UNDERSTAND THE SCENE

Although camera angles are the Nearly all new screenwriters use
director’s province, you need to see too many words. Let your looks,
the movie you’re writing, and your scenes, silences do the talking,
script can do a huge amount to too.
nudge a professional reader into
sharing your vision.
UNDERSTAND DIALOGUE
Dialogue is best when it’s
UNDERSTAND CHARACTER fractured and oblique. If
dialogue sounds too formal or
You need to provide a framework that fluent, your words are likely to
actors fill out, so stick to your job. Use sound stilted and awkward on
action lines as cue in screenwriting. screen. Read more tips on film
dialogue.
 Writing the Script

Add sequences.
Outline your story. Write your story in three acts.
Sequences are parts of the
Begin with a basic flow of story that operate Act One: This is the set-up for the story.
your narrative. Focus on the somewhat independently Introduce the world and the characters.
conflict of the story; conflict from the main conflict. They
drives drama Act Two: This act is the main portion of the
have a beginning, middle, story. The protagonist will encounter
and end. obstacles on the path to the resolution of the
conflict.
Act Three: In the third act, the story reaches
its resolution. The third act contains the twist
of the story, and ends with the final
confrontation of the objective.
Begin writing dialogue.
Start writing scenes. Once you have scenes, you
Scenes are the events of will have characters
your movie. They take interacting.
place in specific locations
and always serve to drive Each character needs to
story forward have its own distinct,
believable voice.
 Quiz 2

Which act should contain the story’s

twist?
A. Act 1
B. Act 2
C. Act 3
D. Act 4
 Format your script elements.

Scene Heading: This is also called a “slug line.” It

sets the stage for the reader by describing the
Action: This is the descriptive text of the
location. The scene heading is written in all caps. screenplay. Write in the present tense
First, denote whether it is an interior or exterior and an active voice. Keep the
scene by writing “INT.” or “EXT.” Then, follow that paragraphs short to hold the reader’s
with the location, then the time of day. Never end a attention. A good paragraph size is 3-5
page with a scene heading, push it down to the next lines.
page.

Character Name: Before dialogue starts, the

character speaking is typed out in all caps and Dialogue: When a character is
indented 3.5” from the left margin. The name can speaking, the dialogue is indented
either be the character’s actual name, a description 2.5” from the left margin, and
if the character is not named in the movie, or by between 2-2.5” from the right.
occupation. If the character is speaking off screen, The dialogue goes directly
then “(O.S.)” is written next to the character name. If beneath the character’s name.
the character is narrating, “(V.O.)” for voice-over is
written next to the name.
Continue..

Parenthetical
Parentheticals are sections for writing contexts or
specific instructions for how a dialogue is spoken.
This is used to save lines of text for more
effective writing.
THE TRANSITION ELEMENT
 Scene transitions such as CUT TO: and DISSOLVE TO: are optional
and when used should be right-indented (but not flush right) and
preceded by one blank line and followed by two blank lines. When
breaking pages, the scene transition must remain with the shot just
completed. In other words, it is never permissible to start a new
page with a CUT TO: or a DISSOLVE TO:. It must be placed at the
bottom of the previous page.
Transitions should be omitted if you are rapidly cutting between
scenes, since inserting them would disrupt the flow of the sequence;
such as in a montage or a chase through each room of a house.
Transitions are primarily used to denote a major shift in time or
location, and sometimes, like using MATCH CUT TO:, for effect.
Term in scenario or script film
 BCU (BIG CLOSE UP): Pengambilan gambar dengan jarak yang sangat
dekat. Biasanya, untuk gambar-gambar kecil agar lebih jelas dan detail,
seperti anting tokoh.
 CU (CLOSE UP): Pengambilan gambar dengan jarak yang cukup dekat.
Biasanya, untuk menegaskan detail sesuatu seperti ekspresi tokoh yang
penting, seperti senyum manis atau lirikan mata. Tokoh biasanya muncul
gambar wajah saja.
 COMMERCIAL BREAK: Jeda iklan. Penulis skenario harus memperhitungkan
jeda ini, dengan memberi kejutan atau suspense agar penonton tetap
menunggu adegan berikutnya.
 CREDIT TITLE: Penayangan nama tim kreatif dan orang yang terlibat dalam
sebuah produksi
 CUT BACK TO: Transisi perpindahan dalam waktu yang cepat untuk
kembali ke tempat sebelumnya. Jadi, ada satu kejadian di satu tempat, lalu
berpindah ke tempat lain, dan kembali ke tempat semula
 CUT TO: Perpindahan untuk menggambarkan peristiwa yang
terjadi bersamaan, tetapi di tempat yang berbeda atau
kelanjutan adegan di hari yang sama.
 DISSOLVE TO: Perpindahan dengan gambar yang semakin
lama semakin kabur sebelum berpindah ke adegan
berikutnya.
 ESTABLISHING SHOT: Pengambilan gambar secara
keseluruhan, biasa disingkat ESTABLISH saja.
 EXT.(EXTERIOR): Menunjukan tempat pengambilan gambar
diluar ruangan
 FADE OUT: Perpindahan gambar dari terang ke gelap secara
perlahan.
 FADE IN: Perpindahan gambar dari gelap ke terang secara perlahan.
 FLASHBACK: Ulangan atau kilas balik peristiwa. Biasanya, gambarnya
dibedakan dengan gambar tayangan sekarang.
 FLASHES: Penggambaran sesuatu yang belum terjadi dalam waktu cepat;
contohnya: orang melamun.
 FREEZE: Aksi pada posisi terakhir. Harus diambil adegan yang terjadi pada
tokoh utama dan dapat membuat penonton penasaran sehingga membuat
penonton bersedia menunggu kelanjutannya.
 INSERT: Sisipan adegan pendek, tetapi penting di dalam satu scene.
 INTERCUT: Perpindahan dengan cepat dari satu adegan ke adegan lain
yang berbeda dalam satu kesatuan cerita.
 INT. (INTERIOR): Pengambilan gambar pada jarak jauh. Biasanya untuk
gambar yang terlihat secara keseluruhan.
 LS (LONG SHOT): Pengambilan gambar pada jarak jauh. Biasanya untuk
gambar yang terlihat secara keseluruhan.
 MAIN TITLE: Judul cerita pada sinetron atau film.
 MONTAGE: Beberapa gambar yang menunjukkan adegan berurutan dan mengalir.
Bisa juga menunjukkan beberapa lokasi yang berbeda, tetapi merupakan satu
rangkaian cerita.
 OS (ONLY SOUND): Suara orang yang terdengar dari tempat lain; berbeda
tempat dengan tokoh yang mendengarnya.
 PAUSE: Jeda sejenak dalam dialog, untuk memberi intonasi ataupun nada dialog.
 POV (POINT OF VIEW): Sudut pandang satu atau beberapa tokoh terhadap
sesuatu yang memegang peranan penting untuk tokoh yang bersangkutan.
 SCENE: Berarti adegan atau bagian terkecil dari sebuah cerita.
 SLOW MOTION: Gerakan yang lebih lambat dari biasanya. Untuk menunjukkan hal
yang dramatis.
 SFX (SOUND EFFECT): Untuk suara yang dihasilkan di luar suara manusia dan
ilustrasi musik. Misalnya, suara telepon berdering, bel sekolah, dll.
 SPLIT SCREEN: Adegan berbeda yang muncul pada satu frame atau layar.
 TEASER: Adegan gebrakan di awal cerita untuk memancing rasa penasaran
penonton agar terus mengikuti cerita.
 VO (VOICE OVER): Orang yang berbicara dalam hati. Suara yang terdengar dari
pelakon namun bibir tidak bergerak
Term in using visual effect
 · In : gambar masuk atau terlihat.

 · Out : gambar keluar (tidak terlihat).

 · Fade In (FI): gambar muncul perlahan-lahan.

 · Fade Out (FO): gambar terlihat hilang secara perlahan-lahan.

 · Super impose : menampilkan sesuatu diatas gambar (biasanya judul

atau caption).

 · Dissolve : pembauran atau pergantian gambar secara perlahan (gambar

pertama menggantikan gambar kedua hampir bertumpukan).

 · Wipe : teknik mengganti gambar secara langsung (switching) dengan

penghapusan.

 · Off Screen (OS) : objek tidak tampak pada layar, hanya suaranya saja.