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Optimization, Modelling and Simulation

1. Optimization involves obtaining the best result under given circumstances and is used to minimize effort or maximize benefits in engineering systems. 2. There is no single optimization method, and different techniques were developed for various problem types including linear programming, non-linear methods, and dynamic programming. 3. Key components of optimization problems include decision variables, objective functions, constraints, and parameters. Power optimization models hydropower generation using variables like reservoir discharge and head over time.

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104 views20 pages

Optimization, Modelling and Simulation

1. Optimization involves obtaining the best result under given circumstances and is used to minimize effort or maximize benefits in engineering systems. 2. There is no single optimization method, and different techniques were developed for various problem types including linear programming, non-linear methods, and dynamic programming. 3. Key components of optimization problems include decision variables, objective functions, constraints, and parameters. Power optimization models hydropower generation using variables like reservoir discharge and head over time.

Uploaded by

rakesh yadav
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Optimization, Modelling and Simulation

By- Nirajan Chiluwal


Optimization

• Optimization is the act of obtaining the best result under given


circumstances.
• In design, construction, and maintenance of any engineering system,
engineers have to take many technological and managerial decisions at
several stages.
• The ultimate goal of all such decisions is either to minimize the effort
required or to maximize the desired benefit.
• optimization can be defined as the process of finding the conditions that
give the maximum or minimum value of a function.
Optimization

• There is no single method available for solving all optimization problems efficiently.
Hence number of optimization methods have been developed for solving different
types of optimization problems.
• The optimum seeking methods are also known as mathematical programming
techniques and are generally studied as a part of operations research.
• During the World War- II, the British military faced the problem of allocating very
scarce and limited resources (such as fighter airplanes, radars, and submarines) to
several activities (deployment to numerous targets and destinations). Because
there were no systematic methods available to solve resource allocation problems,
the military called upon a team of mathematicians to develop methods for solving
the problem in a scientific manner.
Optimization
Types of Optimization
Types of Optimization
1. Linear Method: Linear programming based on approach of linear
variability and can provide the optimal solution for the problem where
the objective function and constrains can be represented linearly.
• In complex nature of project objective function is non-linear.

2. Non-Linear Method: Describes more accurately the characteristics of


hydropower production, however it fails to address the question of
infinite quadratic programming within finite time.

3. Dynamic Programming Method: It is like the divide and conquer


methods, solve problem by combining the solution of sub-problem.
Ingredient of Optimization Problem
1. Decision Variables: The controllable input which affects the value of
the objective function (O.F).

2. Objective Function: That we wants to minimize or maximize (cost


minimize, benefit maximize, increase power).

3. Constraints: Relation between decision variables and the parameters


(e.g.: physical, social, economic)

4. Parameters: Uncontrollable input which may be fixed number.


Power Optimization

Po(t) : Power generation in time (t)


Qi(t) : Discharge at ith reservoir time
Hi(t) : Net head of water at ith reservoir in time (t)
N : no of reservoir
Ki : coefficient of power generation
Reservoir
operation
Model
• Representation of a system, its components and the interaction
between them in order to relate certain known quantity (input) to
certain unknown quantity (output).

Input System (Parameters) Outputs


Why Modelling?
• To replicate the process involved within a system.
• Identity the problem associated within a system.
• Planning and decision making.
• To suggest the possible solution.
• For "what if analysis".
Types of Modelling
1. Deterministic or Probabilistic (Stochastic model)
2. Physical or numerical model
3. Empirical or physical based model (Green and Ampt model)
4. Event based or continuous simulation model
5. Hydrological and hydraulic model
6. Lumped, semi-distributed and distributed model
7. Distorted and Un-distorted model
Ingredient of Model
1. Boundary condition: Fixed parameters (Temperature, precipitation)
2. Initial Condition: Known at the beginning of Simulation
3. Parameters: Entities that contribute directly or indirectly to convert
given inputs to outputs (basin characteristics, soil characteristics)
Simulation
• Simulation is the modelling technique, which is often used to examine
and evaluate the performance of complex water resources system.
• It is used where Optimization technique cannot be used because of
their limitation.
• Simulation is not an optimization technique.
• Simulation are mostly used to select the performance of alternative
systems.
• It’s an approximate imitation (copy) of the situation or the process of
a system and its operation over a period.
• Moel is requisite for simulation.
• Robert is human body simulation.
Components of Simulation Model
1. Inputs: Those essential which drive the model (reservoir inflows,
evaporation rate, water demand for hydropower)
2. Physical Relationship and constraints: Relationship among the
physical variables of the system (reservoir storage-elevation-area curve,
storage continuity relationship, soil moisture balance)
3. Operating Rules: It is the operating rules of the system (reservoir
release policies, rule curves etc.)
4. Outputs: System response results (release quantities)
Simulation Method
1. Monte Carlo / Risk Analysis Simulation: Built on mathematical model, it
uses the empirical data of the real system input and outputs.
• It identifies uncertainties and potential risk through probability
distribution.

2. Agent-based modelling & Simulation: Impact of agent on the system or


environment.

3. Discrete Event Simulation : Observe the specific events that results in your
processes.

4. Distributed Simulation: Results distributed within the range of analysis.


Flow Chart of the Optimal Design Procedures

Identify Formulates
Need For Formulate
decision Objective
Optimization Constraints
variables Function

Select an
Setup Variable Perform Obtain
optimization
bounds optimization Solution
algorithm

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