LESSON 1: Physical Education

INTRODUCTION:

Sports after and the Second World War were less focused on training in war and more on games. Instead of the students’ physical activity, teachers began to

educate students through sports, and the sports philosophy was developed. Physical education is aimed at teaching students about values and character.

Players have been designed to teach teamwork and sportsmanship.

Welcome, my dear students! In this module, you would gain knowledge on the role, importance, and the needs of having its philosophy in P.E. and sports.

Specifically, after working on this lesson, you would be able to:

1. Understand the nature, concept, and meaning of philosophy.

2. Identify and discuss the key aspects of the philosophy discipline.

3. Develop a well-through philosophy of sports and physical education.

4. Assert why physical education is an integral part of the educational process.

PRE-TEST:

What are the major philosophies of Physical Education?

LESSON PROPER

Activity

When you hear the word “philosophy,” what particular word comes to your mind? Write your idea inside the box.

Philosophy originates from the Greek roots of Philo-meaning “love” and Sophos-meaning “wisdom.” Philosophy is an area of study that aims to help individuals

determine, in a reasonable and meaningful way, their relationship to the universe. Philosophy seeks to help people understand themselves and their

environment by providing them with a framework for coping with the issues of life and death, good and evil, equality and constraint, beauty and ugliness. It is

also a system of values by which one lives and works; these beliefs and values guides your conduct in both physical and professional life

Webster said that the love of wisdom implies a duty to search out the real facts and ideals of life and the universe and to analyze and perceive them with an

objective and unbiased mind.

How to earn wisdom

1. Be humble in a new situation. As Socrates wrote, “the only real wisdom is in knowing that you know nothing.”

2. Think before acting. Take much time as you need to deliberate on a problem before making a decision

3. Act your values

4. Learn from your mistakes

5. Share your wisdom with others.

To understand the nature of philosophy better, Charles Bucher Identify the main components of philosophy:

Metaphysics is the study of existence. This component answers the question: “What experiences in the physical education program will better enable students

to meet the challenges of the real world?” A contemporary philosopher, Will Durant, says that metaphysics investigates the reality of everything concerned

with human beings and the universe.

Epistemology is the study of knowledge. This component answers the question, “What should I do?” In physical education, one is concerned with knowledge

regarding the role of physical activity and its impact on the physical, mental, and emotional, and social development of individuals.
Axiology is the study of the nature of value. This component answers the question: How can the values that society holds so dearly be embraced in the

physical education program?” This is concerned with the aim and values of society and is extremely important in physical education because the purposes

and values set by society become the basis of the curriculum used in schools and colleges.

Ethics is the study of action. It helps to define the moral character and serves as a basis for a personal code of conduct. This component answers the

question: How games and sports are utilized to help the individual learn the right behavior. Physical activity and sports place individuals in situations that

reveal their true nature and character.

Logic is the study of systematic and orderly reasoning. This describes the steps that should be taken in thinking and put ideas into an orderly, structured

sequence that leads to accurate thinking. When a student asks, “Why should I play football?” the teacher should explain in clear reasoning the benefits and

risks associated with playing football, since only then will the student really understand its true value.

Aesthetics is the study and determination of criteria for beauty in nature and arts. It is a branch of Axiology, concerned not only with art but also with the artist

and the appreciation of what he or she has created. There is aesthetic appreciation involved in watching a gymnast performing on the trampoline, and a

football player leaps high to catch a pass, etc.

Physical education entails principles that teach students the mechanics of physical activity, why it is imperative, how they should, and can be physically

healthy on their own. This will benefit them tremendously in physical and mental well-being. This will, in turn, will help the entire nation since healthy people

don’t take up many health resources. Good physical education affects the health and economics of individuals and the whole nation

PHILOSOPHY AND PHYSICAL EDUCATION

1. The philosophy of idealism. Mind and reason are the essential things in life. The mind and reason are important things in reality. The Greek

philosopher Plato referred to as the father of idealism, claimed that ideas had lasting quality, and actual objects were ideas presented in a less than ideal way.

“I think therefore I am” the most quoted quote from Rene Descartes, the most famous of the idealist philosophers.

Idealists claim that the body should be developed at the same time as the mind. Strength and fitness activities contribute to the growth of their own personality.

Students can only develop when they are playing an important part in the activity. The teacher must be the model through vigorous health and personality.

2. The philosophy of realism. The physical world is the real world. Opposed the idealism because a realist believes in the scientific way of

investigation. Truth must be discovered by experimentation, realism is the philosophical correlate of science.

The realist physical educator believes that the one who possesses a physically fit body is one who may be most productive in society.

3. The philosophy of pragmatism. Pragmatism emphasizes experience as a key to life. The idea is good if the result is good, and the idea is not of

value if not.

Creative activities and sports are highly valued. The teacher is the motivator; the students are encouraged to participate in activities that the teacher believes

are most beneficial to them.

4. The philosophy of naturalism. The oldest philosophy is known to the Western world. It is often referred to as a materialistic philosophy because

things that actually and physically exist are the only things that have value.

The naturalist believes that physical activity is the main source of development of the individual. Students interact with one another in playful activities and

develop social habits that will prove beneficial to them when they leave the school environment.

5. The philosophy of existentialism. They were concerned with individuality. Soren Kierkegaard, a theologian and philosopher, is considered to be the

father of existentialist thought. The existentialist fears that people are being forced to conform to society, thus forfeiting their individuality.

The physical education program should provide some freedom of choice on the part of the student. A balanced and varied program that satisfies individual

needs and interests should be provided. By participating in dual and individual activities, students gain knowledge about themselves. Self-testing activities aid

in the development of self-responsibility and require students to know themselves.

Analysis

Write your stand on the topic “Physical education and sport is an important subject in schools as English or Science.”

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Abstraction

So we have discussed everything about philosophy and its importance to physical education and sport. Again what is Philosophy?

What are the components of philosophy?

What are the different types of philosophy?

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Application

Determine your personal philosophy by writing down a few key points that feel are applicable to the philosophy of physical education.

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Reflection

Think back to your PE experience, write a brief reflection on the experiences in elementary and high school.