Department of Statistics & Operations research Tutorial (9)

Stat 102 Statistics for Biological Sciences

In a study, researchers examined bone strength for 10 subjects in three age groups: young (19-49 years), middle
aged (50-69 years), and elderly (70 years or older) [Note: one value is missing in the middle-aged group]. One of
the outcome measured (W) was the force in Newtons required to facture the bone. Can you conclude that there is
a difference among population means in the three groups? Let α = 0.05.

The following table shows the data for the three age group:
Young (Y) Middle-Aged (MA) Elderly (E)

193.6 125.4 59
137.5 126.5 87.2
122 115.9 84.4
145.4 98.8 78.1
117 94.3 51.9
105.4 99.9 57.1
99.9 83.3 54.7
74 72.8 78.6
74.4 83.5 53.7
112.8 0 96
𝒏𝒊 10 10 10
𝑻𝒊 . 1182 900.4 700.7 𝑻.. =2783.1
𝑛𝑖
∑𝑘=3 2
𝑖=1 ∑𝑗=1 𝑥𝑖𝑗 = 295462.5 SST = 37274.31

k: Number of treatments/ samples/ groups, for i = 1, … , k

ni: Sample size for each treatment i / sample i / group i, for n = 1, … ,ni

Source of variation df SS MS Fc
𝑘=3
𝑇𝑖.2 𝑇.. 2 𝑆𝑆𝑇𝑟
𝑆𝑆𝑇𝑟 = ∑ − 𝑀𝑆𝑇𝑟 =
k-1 𝑛𝑖 𝑁 𝑘−1
𝑖=1
Treatment

𝑘=3 𝑛𝑖 𝑘=3
2
𝑇𝑖.2 𝑆𝑆𝐸
𝑆𝑆𝐸 = ∑ ∑ 𝑥𝑖𝑗 −∑ MSE= 𝑁−𝑘
𝑛𝑖
𝑖=1 𝑗=1 𝑖=1
N-k
𝑘 𝑀𝑆𝑇𝑟
Error 𝐹𝑐 = 𝑀𝑆𝐸
𝑆𝑆𝐸 = ∑(𝑛𝑖 − 1)𝑆𝑖2
𝑖=1

𝑘=3 𝑛𝑖
2
𝑇.. 2
𝑆𝑆𝑇 = ∑ ∑ 𝑥𝑖𝑗 −
N-1 𝑁
𝑖=1 𝑗=1
Total
1. Complete the ANOVA table

Source of variation df SS MS Fc
Treatment

Error

Total -

2. Hypothesis Test

3. Test Statistic

4. Decision Rule Reject H0 if Fc > F1−α(k − 1, N − k)

5. Conclusion