FIRE SYSTEM

IN HIGH RISE BUILDINGS

 CONTENTS
❏ FIRE DETECTION AND ALARM SYSTEM
❏ DETECTORS
❏ MANUAL FIRE ALARMS
❏ COMPONENTS OF SECURITY ROOM
❏ INITIATION OF SUPPRESSION SYSTEM
❏ CAPACITY CALCULATION
❏ FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEM
❏ FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
❏ SPRINKLER SYSTEM
❏ EXITS,DOORWAYS,STAIRCASES AND SETBACKS
❏ NBC STANDARDS
❏ ENERGY EFFICIENT STRATEGIES
❏ FIRE RATING
❏ MARKETING

GROUP MEMBERS SOURCES

● AISHAH ALZAHRA NBC 2016 VOLUME 1

● ASHIA TANIA NBC 2016 VOLUME 2
● ASIYA SHOUKATH IS 9668
● ALEENA BIJU BUILDING SERVICES HANDBOOK
● ANISHA A S KMBR
● NAEEMA K K
● NIHALA P R
● NITHUNA SIVANANDAN
● FARHAN
● SHIVKRISHNAN V NAIR
● SUNIL JOSEPH
● TANIYA SARA PHILIP
WORKING PRINCIPLE DIAGRAM OF FIRE SYSTEM
 WORKING OF FIRE SYSTEM

STEP 1 : FIRE DETECTION AND ALARM SYSTEM

A FIRE DETECTION SYSTEM DETECTS AND WARNS PEOPLE ABOUT

FIRE, SMOKE AND OTHER FIRE RELATED EMERGENCIES.
:

TYPES OF DETECTORS:

HEAT DETECTOR -
➔ Respond to the energy emission from the fire in the for of heat.
➔ They are placed at kitchen,smoking rooms,basements
➔ The sensing elements of the detector should be between 25mm-
150mm below ceiling.
➔ A clear space of 500mm is maintained below each detector.
➔ Max. height 7.5m
 SMOKE DETECTOR -

➔ Senses the presence of smoke.

➔ Located at each bedroom,outside each sleeping area,corridors, near the
stairway to the upper floor,public places,air conditioned spaces, in
kitchen 3m away from cooking area.
➔ Coverage of these detector is 100sqm
➔ Max. height is 10.5m
➔ The horizontal distance from the wall and the detector should be 5m

RADIATION DETECTOR -
➔ Used to detect or identify high-energy particles, such as those produced
by nuclear decay, cosmic radiation, or reactions in a particle accelerator.

Requirements of detection zones shall be as follows:

● The floor area of single zone shall not exceed 2000 sqmtr.
● If the total area of a building is less than 300 sqmtr, a zone can cover
more than one floor.
● If the total area of a building is more than 300 sqmtr, each zone shall
be restricted to a single floor.
● Voids above or below the floor area of a room, can be included in the
same zone. The voids and the room constitute a single compartment.
● The traveled distance by anyone responding to a fire alarm signal, shall
not exceed 30 mtrs.
● It is advisable to provide adequate fire separation between the zones.
● If the requirement of detectors or call points is less than 20 in any
area, division of the area into zones is not necessary. Similarly,
sectorization is not necessary if the number is not very large.
Spacing and sitting of detector :-

Under flat ceilings, the horizontal distance between any point in a protected
area and the detector nearest to that point shall not exceed
i) 7.5 mtrs. in case of smoke detector and ii) 5.3 mtrs. in case of heat
detector.
● Under sloping roof pitched ceiling (where the distance between the top of
apex and bottom of the roof exceeds 600mm), spacing of detectors at or in
the vicinity of apex may be spaced between 7.5 mtrs. to 8.5 mtrs. for
smoke detectors.
● Heat detectors should be installed that sensing element is not less than
25mm and more than 150mm below the ceiling/roof level. For smoke
detectors. Sensing element should not be less than 25 mm and not more
than 600mm below the ceiling/roof level except as necessary.
● Detectors shall not be mounted within 500mm of any walls, partitions or
obstructions to flow of smoke or hot gases, such as structural beams and
ductwork where the obstructions are greater than 250mm in depth.
● When structural beams or ductwork of any other ceiling attachments, not
greater than 250mm depth, create obstacles to the flow of smoke, detectors
shall not be mounted closer to the obstruction than twice the depth of the
obstruction.
● Where partitions or storage racks that reach within 300mm of the ceiling,
they shall be construed as walls that extend to the ceiling for the purpose of
sitting the detectors.
● Similarly, ceiling obstructions such as structural beams, deeper than 10% of
the overall ceiling height shall be construed as walls for the purpose of
sitting the detectors.
● Detectors shall not be mounted within 1000mm of any air inlet (supply air
Grills of HVAC system) or a forced ventilation system.
● A clear space of 500mm is maintained below each detector.
● Where detectors are constrained to be fixed to the wall, they shall be sited in
such away that the top of the detection element is between 150mm and
300mm below the ceiling.
● Additional detector shall be placed on the ceiling at a position 1500 mm
from any opening which might act like a flue.
● A detector shall be placed on the protected side of the premises on the
ceiling 1500mm from any door, window or any opening in the wall partitions
separating the protected premises from the other premises.
● All stairwells, lift shafts, other utility shafts, etc. shall have a detector at the
top.
● Lift machine rooms shall be provided with a detector.
● All enclosed staircase shall have one detector at each main landing within
the staircase.
 TYPES OF MANUAL FIRE ALARMS:
A building fire emergency notification system consisting minimally of
audible and visual appliances that is horns and strobes installed within
all common use areas of a building and manual alarm stations that is
pull station installed at every exits from every level.
➔ They should not be placed more than 5 feet from the entrance of
each exit.
➔ If the occupant load is less than 50 then manual fire alarm system is
not required.
➔ If the occupant load is 51 to 100 a manual fire alarm system is required.
➔ When the occupant load is greater than 100 a manual fire alarm
system with emergency voice over alarm communications system
is required.

PULL ALARM SYSTEM BREAK GLASS SYSTEM

PULL ALARM SYSTEM : The user activates the alarm by pulling the
handle down, which completes a circuit and locks the handle in the
activated position, sending an alarm to the fire alarm control panel.
➔ Present in all floors.
➔ Pull stations are placed within 60 inches of every individual exit.
➔ The alarms must be installed between 42 to 48 inches from the floor.
➔ The height of the manual fire alarm boxes shall be a minimum of
42 inches and a maximum of 54 inches measured vertically, from
the floor level to the activating handle or lever of the box. Manual fire
alarm boxes shall be red in color.

BREAK GLASS SYSTEM : The glass works to protect the fire alarm
from accidental activations. However, these alarms are activated by
a pressure switch, which is why glass is incorporated into the trigger.
When the glass fails or breaks, the switch will be triggered, the
signal will be sent to the alarm panel, and the sound will go off.
➔ Located in all floors.
➔ Located within a 20 foot radius of the windows.
➔ Also known as manual call point system (MCP)
 COMPONENTS OF SECURITY ROOM

➔ An fire alarm control panel (FACP) which monitors the state of all
parts of the installation.It identifies the point of origin of an
alarm,displays this on the panel and communicates this to remote
control locations.
➔ Panel supplies electrical energy to operate any associated initiating
device.
➔ There are four types
● Coded panels
● Conventional panels
● Addressable panels( commonly used )
● Multiplex systems

➔ FACP must be located in an area such as the storage

room,electricity space or security room if the structure is not rising.
➔ There should always be a staff to keep watch.
➔ When it receives the signals the panel activates the notification
devices to alert the occupants via audible and visual alarm devices.
➔ Installation of FACP shall not exceed 6 feet height measured from
the floor to the top floor unit.

➔ REPEATER PANELS(ANNUNCIATOR PANELS) are control and

indication equipments that are present in all floors of a building.
They are used if FACP is located in a place that are not easily
accessed.
Classified into 3 types
● ACTIVE SYSTEM : Can detect as well as control signals.
● PASSIVE SYSTEM : Can only detect and notify.
● MIMIC SYSTEM : A map to show the location of FACP and the
detectors.
 STEP 2 : INITIATION OF SUPPRESSION SYSTEM

➔ After receiving signal,the attendee follows the below mentioned process

➔ A signal is transmitted to the attendee in the pump room to follow the
protocol..
➔ In the pump room,water is being collected in fire tank from borewell and
it is stored in the fire tank.
➔ Pump room size - 5.5m*8m*3.5m.
➔ The fire tank is connected to an overflow pipe and drain pipe.
➔ Overflow pipe lets the excess water to other domestic water tanks.
➔ Drain pipe provided to drain the water in the tank for cleaning purposes
and these are controlled using valves.
➔ Gate valve is opened by the attendee when notified.
➔ The water gets strained in a strainer.This filters the water from
impurities.
➔ The portable water initially passed through the jockey pipe and based on
further requirement,the main electric driven pump and diesel pump are
used with the help of valves.

JOCKEY PUMP : These pumps are initiated first in the case of an event of
fire.

ELECTRIC DRIVEN PUMPS : These are electrically driven pumps

connected
to the emergency control panel.They have primary and secondary pumps.

DIESEL PUMP : These are driven by diesel and is used in the case of a
power shutdown.

JOCKEY PUMP ELECTRIC PUMP DIESEL PUMP

➔ When fuse in sprinkler breaks,the jockey pump is automatically initiated.
➔ The water goes through the riser pipe and distributes the water to the
hydrants in each floor and sprinklers.
➔ The same riser pipe fills the OHT which is located at the terrace placed
on a platform.
OVERHEAD TANK (OHT) : Overhead Water Storage Tank is a usual
Water storage tank as its name stands for itself these tanks are placed
over the head that is built on a certain height. The tank may be built of
any material but the idea is to achieve maximum efficiency by placing a
tank in some elevated distance.

➔ The capacity of an overhead water tank is 3000 liters.

➔ This implies that the height of bottom of tank must be minimum 5 m
above the tap or faucet on the top most floor and preferably it
should be 10 m above the shower point on the topmost floor.

(As per NBC)

 CAPACITY CALCULATION

PUMP CAPACITY-

● Pump near underground static water storage tank (fire pump) with
minimum pressure of 3.5 kg/sqcm at terrace level

*15-30m high buildings = one electric one diesel pump of capacity

2280l/min and one electric pump of capacity 180l/min

*30m+ high buildings = two electric and one diesel pump of capacity
2280l/min and one electric pump of capacity 180l/min

● At terrace tank level with minimum pressure of 2kg/sqcm

*15-30m high buildings = 20000l/min

*30m high buildings =20000l/min

WATER SUPPLY -

● Underground static water storage tank

*15-30m high buildings =150000l

*30m+ high buildings =200000l

● Terrace tank

*15-30m high buildings =20000l

*30m+ high buildings =20000l

 STEP 3: FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEM

They are used to extinguish,control and in some cases prevent the

fire from spreading and occuring.

WET RISER:
➔ The riser pipe is full of water and is pressurised using gravity tanks
or dedicated fire pumps hence water is always available for fire
fighting.
➔ The pipe system is connected to a permanent water supply
normally a tank fed from the town mains
➔ The maximum number of sprinklers on one control valve is 1000.
➔ They are provided in high rise buildings with height more than
23m.

DRY RISER:
➔ The riser pipe is empty and does not have any water in them in
the event of fire incident water is pumped into the riser from the
fire tenders using the fire brigade inlets provided at the bottom of
the riser.
➔ Dry risers are normally installed in low rise buildings of height
less than 23 meters.
➔ Dry riser of minimum 100mm diameter pipe with hydrant outlet
on the floors constructed with a fire service inlet to boost the
water in the dry riser.(As per NBC)
➔ Water storage tank capacity 20,000 litres.(As per NBC)
➔ Drums of 2000 litre capacity filled with water with two fire
buckets on each floor.
 FIRE HOSE CABINET

➔ A hose reel with axial supply. a water supply stop tap adjacent to the
hose reel.
➔ They should be located where users are least likely to be endangered
by the fire, i.e. the staircase landing.
➔ Fixed or swinging hose reels are located in wall recesses at a height of
about 1m above floor level.A basic length of semi-rigid hose 30m
maximum in length.
➔ Fire Hose Cabinet, Size: 750 x 600 x 250 mm

FIRE EXTINGUISHER-

➔ Is an active fire protection device used to extinguish or control small fires,

often in emergency situations.
➔ Fire extinguishers need to be mounted to the wall so that they are
secure, visible, and readily accessible.
➔ Extinguishers need to be placed 75 feet apart throughout the building.
 TYPES OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

● Powder extinguishers
● Wet chemical extinguishers
● Water extinguishers
● Foam extinguishers
● Carbon Dioxide CO2 extinguishers

Portable Fire Extinguishers can save lives and property by putting out
or containing fires within the capability of the extinguisher.

1. Class A fires—Fires involving solid combustible materials of organic

nature such as wood, paper, rubber, plastics, etc, where the cooling
effect of water is essential for extinction of fires.
2. Class B fires—Fires involving flammable liquids or liquefiable solids
or the like where a blanketing effect is essential.
3. Class C fires—Fires involving flammable gases under pressure
including liquefied gases, where it is necessary to inhibit the burning
gas at fast rate with an inert gas, powder or vaporising liquid for
extinguishment.
4. Class D fires—Fires involving combustible metals, such as
magnesium, aluminium, zinc, sodium, potassium, etc,

when the burring metals are reactive to water and water containing
agents and in certain cases carbon dioxide, halogenated hydrocarbons
and ordinary dry powders. These fires require special media and
techniques to extinguish.

1. Class A fires—Water, foam, ABC dry powder and halocarbons.

2. Class B fires—Foam, dry powder, clean agent and carbon dioxide
extinguishers.
3. Class C fires—Dry powder, clean agent and carbon dioxide
extinguishers.
4. Class D fires—Extinguishers with special dry powder for metal fires.
5. Class K fires— involve vegetable oils, animal oils, or fats in cooking
appliances.
 FIRE SPRINKLER SYSTEM
➔ Water sprinklers provide an automatic spray dedicated to the area of fire
outbreak.
➔ Sprinkler heads have temperature sensitive elements that respond
immediately to heat, discharging the contents of the water main to which
they are attached.
➔ In addition to a rapid response which reduces and isolates fire damage,
sprinklers use less water to control a fire than the firefighting service,
therefore preventing further damage from excess water.
It is usually located in areas where the intensity of crowd is more such
as
● Corridors ● basement parking ● auditoriums.

➔ Pipe sizes - 25mm minimum incoming service to supply at least

60 l/min. through any one sprinkler head, or 42 l/min. through any two
sprinkler heads operating simultaneously in the same room.

➔ Sprinkler head spacing -area covered by one head, maximum 12m2.

➔ Maximum distance between heads - 4 m.
➔ Maximum distance from wall to ceiling mounted head -2 m.
➔ Minimum distance between heads in the same room - 2 m (only
➔ 1 head per room is normal).
➔ Operating pressure - Minimum 0.5 bar (50 kPa).
 FIRE ESCAPE

➔ A fire escape is a special kind of emergency exit, usually mounted to

the outside of a building or occasionally inside.It provides a method
of escape in the event of a fire or other emergencies that makes the
stairwells inside a building inaccessible.

EXIT

➔ The fire exit should be provided every 30m aparts in a building as

per NBC.
➔ Exit access should not pass through storage rooms,closets etc.

STAIRCASES

➔ All external staircases shall be directly connected to the ground.

➔ Straight flight not less than 1500mm wide.
➔ HAndrails provided on both sides,shall be a height not less than 1000mm
and not exceeding 1200mm.
➔ Minimum 120 min fire resistance.
➔ Baluster gap should be 150mm.
➔ Minimum headroom under a staircase passage should be 2.2m.
➔ Acces to staircase thorugh a fire door of 120 min fire rating.
➔ Number of riser should be 12 per flight.
➔ Width of tread should be 300mm for hotels.
➔ Handrail width should be 1500mm.

DOORWAYS

A horizontal exit shall be through a fire door of 120 min rating in a fire
resistant wall.Horizontal exit require separation with the refuge area or
adjoining compartment through 120 min fire barrier.
➔ Doorways shall not be less than 2000mm in height.
➔ Width shall not be less than 1000mm .
➔ Doors shall not be located within 3m of the foot or top of stairs
or escalators.
➔ Doors shall have fire rating as per the requirements at the point of
Installation.
➔ Each door shall be capable of exiting 50 people.
➔ A manual release device shall be provided in the readily accessible
vicinity of the egress door with a signage PUSH TO EXIT.
 PANIC BARS

➔ Shall be provided in the fire exits.

➔ Located at a height between 86cm and 1220cm from the floor level.
➔ All guest rooms and suites shall be protected by extended throw,quick
response type sprinklers only.Also these areas shall be provided with
audio based detectors,having a sound level of atleast 75 dB.
➔ Horizontal sliding doors shall not be used for door openings across
corridors.
 SETBACKS

➔ Adequate passage way and clearances required for fire fighting vehicles
to enter the premises shall be provided at the main entrance; the width
of such entrance shall be not less than 5 metres or as stipulated
elsewhere in these rules, whichever is higher.
➔ If an arch or covered gate is constructed, it shall have a clear headroom
of not less than 5 meter.

TURNING RADIUS
➔ Minimum turning radius of 9 metres to be provided for fire tenders.

REFUGE AREA shall be provided in buildings of height more than 24 m.

Refuge area provided shall be planned to accommodate the occupants of
two consecutive floors (this shall consider occupants of the floor where
refuge is provided and occupants of floor above) by considering area of
0.3 m2 per person for the calculated number of occupants and shall
include additionally to accommodate one wheelchair space of an area of
0.9 m2 for every 200 occupants, portion thereof, based on the occupant
load served by the area of refuge or a minimum of 15 m2, whichever is
higher, shall be provided as under:

1) The refuge area shall be provided on the periphery of the floor and open
to air at least on one side protected with suitable railings.
2) Refuge area(s) shall be provided at/or immediately above 24 m and
thereafter at every 15 m or so.

Each refuge area shall be ventilated and provided with first aid box, fire
extinguishers, public address speaker, fireman talk back, and adequate
emergency lighting as well as drinking water facility.
Refuge areas shall be approachable from the space they serve by an
accessible means of egress.
Refuge areas shall connect to firefighting shaft (comprising fireman's lift,
lobby and staircase) without having the occupants requiring to return to
the building spaces through which travel to the area of refuge occurred.
➔ The refuge area shall always be kept clear. No storage of combustible
products and materials, electrical and mechanical equipment, etc shall
be allowed in such areas. k) Refuge area shall be provided with
adequate drainage facility to maintain efficient storm water disposal.
➔ m) Entire refuge area shall be provided with sprinklers.
➔ n) Where there is a difference in level between connected areas for
horizontal exits, ramps of slope not steeper than 1 in 12 shall be
provided (and steps should be avoided).
➔ NOTE
➔ Refuge area provided in excess of the requirements shall be counted
towards FAR.
➔ High rise apartment buildings with apartments having balcony, need not
be provided with refuge area; however apartment buildings without
balcony shall provide refuge area as given above. Refuge areas for
apartment buildings of height above 60 m while having balconies shall
be provided at 60 m and thereafter at every 30 m. The refuge area shall
be an area equivalent to 0.3 m2 per person for accommodating
occupants of two consecutive floors, where occupant load shall be
derived on basis of 12.5 m2 of gross floor area and additionally 0.9 m2
for accommodating wheelchair requirement or shall be 15 m2,
whichever is higher.
TYPES OF FIRE PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS
(ACTIVE DEFENSE)

First aid fire extinguishers Minimum First aid fire extinguishers bearing ISI
mark shall be installed in the each floor as per
the scale laid down in IS 2190:1992.

First aid hose reel To provide on each floor in the staircase landing
and shall be connected directly to the wet/dry
riser main and diameter of the hose reel shall be
not less than 19 mm with set off nozzle.

Wet riser Provided for each floor landing with single

landing valve, main not less than 100mm dia m,
GI ‘C’ class pipe. Single hose box with a delivery
hose & standard branch pipe 19 mm diameter

External Hydrant system At all around the building as ring man and having
main not less than 200/150/100 mm internal dia
meter G.I. ‘C’ class pipe. Single/Double hose box
with a delivery hose & standard branch pipe 19
mm diameter

Water(Underground static water 2, 00,000 liters.

storage tank)

Water tank (terrace level) 20,000 Liters

Centrifugal fire pump 2 Electric main and 1 Diesel stand by pumps of

2850 l/min. and 1 Electric (jockey pump) of 180
l/min. with auto control penal at ground level

Access The Premises should be located as to provide

easy access to fire brigade. The width of
entrance shall not less than 4.5 m and if an arch
or covered gate is constructed, it shall have clear
headroom of not less than 5 meters

Side Set Back area Total height of the building divided by 03 (h/3= m
all around the building)

Staircase (1.5 m width) Minimum 01 No. subject to depend upon floor

area and travel distance as per NBC.

Refuge area Refuge area to be provided at 24th meters in

height, refuge area of 15m2 or an area equivalent
to 0.3 m2 per person as per NBC.
 STANDARDS :NBC

➔ A horizontal exit shall be through a fire door of 120 min rating in a fire
resistant wall. Horizontal exit require separation with the refuge area or
adjoining compartment through 120 min fire barrier. The adjoining
compartment of the horizontal exit should allow unlocked and ease of
egress and exits for the occupants using defend in place strategy.
➔
➔ Requirements of horizontal exits are as under:
➔ a) Width of horizontal exit doorway shall be suitable to meet the
occupant load factor foregress.
➔ b) Doors in horizontal exits shall be openable at all times from both
sides.
➔ c) All doors shall swing in the direction of exit
➔ travel. For horizontal exits, if a double leaf door is used, the right hand
door leaf shall swing in the direction of exit travel.

ATRIUM REQUIREMENTS
➔ Smoke detectors shall be provided on the underside of each floor
protruding into the atrium, at the atrium roof and adjacent to each
return air intake from the atrium. Within atrium space, beam type or
aspirating type smoke detectors shall be used to ensure detection of
smoke, considering factors such as stratification of smoke.
➔ Where the ceiling of the atrium is more than 17 m above the floor,
water based protection (automatic sprinklers) at the ceiling of atrium is
not required.
➔ Hydrants shall be available at the floor of the atrium and also at the
adjoining upper spaces/floors of the atrium.
➔ Sprinklers are required to be installed for coverage of glass areas of
retail, tenant and other areas adjoining the exit access corridor and
atrium.
➔ Sprinklers shall be at a distance of 450 mm to 600 mm enabling
cooling of such glass and limiting the extent of fire and smoke to the
atrium.
➔ Atrium in business occupancy shall be planned with 6 air changes per
hour (ACPH) while atrium in hotels and assembly occupancy shall be
planned with 8 ACPH smoke extraction system.
➔ Such air changes shall be planned in atrium for a height of 15 m from
the top. Smoke exhaust fans shall be capable of operating effectively
at 250°C for 120 min
 COMMERCIAL KITCHEN

➔ A kitchen fire suppression system needs to be installed whenever

cooking appliances are using LPG/PNG/oil/electricity and/or dry fuel like
wood or charcoal for cooking and/or can ignite the exhaust or fat for
cooking and/or can ignite the ventilation system. Cooking equipment
that produces grease-laden vapours and that might be a source of
ignition of grease in the hood, grease removal device, or duct shall be
protected by fire-suppression equipment.
➔ Food serving areas shall be fire separated from the kitchens/cooking
areas by fire rated elements having a resistance of at least 60 min.
Doors shall have fire resistance of 60 min rating and fitted with
automatic self-closing device.
➔ In open type kitchen cooking area, sitting area needs to be segregated
by 60 min fire rated glass or drop fire curtains
➔ If the commercial kitchen/cooking is situated in a building that is not
sprinkler protected, the floor area of the kitchen/cooking shall not
exceed 50 m2.
➔ Commercial kitchen/cooking using LPG as fuel for the 'open flame'
cooking activities shall not be allowed to be located at the basements.
➔ It is advisable to locate the kitchen/cooking operations on the external
periphery of the building so that in the event of mechanical ventilation
failure, it can be naturally ventilated.

CAR PARKING FACILITIES

➔ Where both parking and repair operations are conducted in the same
building, the entire building shall comply with the requirements for
Group G occupancies, unless the parking and repair sections are
effectively separated by separation walls of 120 min.

➔ Floor surfaces shall be non-combustible, sloping towards drains to

remove accumulation of water.
➔ Those parts of parking structures located within, immediately above or
below, attached to, or less than 3 m away from a building used for any
other purpose shall be separated by fire resistant walls and floors
having fire resistance rating of not less than 120 min. This shall
exclude those incidental spaces which are occupied by cashier,
attendant booth or those spaces used for toilets, with a total area not
exceeding 200 m2.
➔ All sprinklers in car parking shall be standard response type with
minimum K-Factor of 80, area coverage of 9 m2.
➔ All fire exit doors from the car parking to exits shall be painted green
and shall display exit signage..
 ENERGY EFFICIENT STRATEGIES

● fire sprinklers: reduce fire damage by up to 97%; reduce water usage to

fight a home fire by upwards of 90%; and reduce the amount of water
pollution released into the environment.

● greenhouse gases released by burning buildings can be reduced by

98% when automatic fire sprinklers are installed.

● green roof”, a vegetative roof system is a roof of a building that is

covered in plant material. The roof is covered with layers of barrier
materials, soil, irrigation systems, and plants. These roofs help insulate
a building, collect rainwater, and reduce heat island effects. It is
important to ensure the plant material is maintained and watered
properly because dry plant material can contribute to fire spread.

● Standoff/Double skin facades: A standoff or double skin façade creates

a vertical flue space for air to travel along the outside of a building. This
feature helps regulate building temperature and conserve energy.
● Double curtain wall traps the heat within the curtain wall cavity and
removes heated air via ceiling relief duct.

RATING

The time that a material or construction will withstand the standard fire
exposure as determined by fire test done in accordance with the standard
methods of fire tests of materials/structures.

● Walls of lift enclosures shall have a fire rating of two hours. Lift shafts
shall have a vent at the top of area not less than 0.2 sq m.
● Landing doors in lift enclosures shall have a fire resistance of not less
than one hour.
● The number of lifts in one lift bank shall not exceed four. A wall of two
hours fire rating shall separate individual shafts in a bank
● Lift car doors shall have a fire resistance rating of 1 hour.
 RATING
● Wherever the air conditioning ducts pass through fire walls or floor, the
opening around the ducts should be sealed with fire resisting material
of the same rating as of walls/floors.
● Composite roofs may be used over as addition to the roofs of buildings
as a weatherproofing, but should not be considered as a roof in itself
that is, without the support of a non-combustible construction beneath,
unless it is of not less than half an hour fire resistance.
● Service ducts should be enclosed by walls and doors (if any) of 2 hours
fire rating; if ducts are larger than Im3 the floor should seal them, but
provide suitable openings for the pipes to pass through, with the gaps
sealed.
● Linings or false ceilings should not be permissible in buildings and in
situations, where permitted, such additions should not detract in
anyway from minimum fire rating of half an hour.
In some cases, requiring provision of skylights, monitor lights or north
lights in the roofs and where these are necessary, the glazings should
be of glass in metal frames for tire rating of half an hour minimum.
● The enclosure for staircases and hoists should be constructed entirely
of brick, concrete or of reinforced concrete or similar material of
construction having 2 hours rating. Every opening from the enclosure
on to a roof used as floor or to any other part of the building should be
fitted with a fire resistant door of rating not less than 1 hour.
● Every opening in the wall should be protected by fire resisting doors
having the fire rating of not less than 1 hour. Similar protection should
also be done in other openings like rope races, motor alley ways,
staircases, etc, of rating not less than 2 hours.
● Openings provided to allow plumbing/gas/steam pipes and similar
services should be sealed with filler material of fire rating not less than
that of the walls in which these are situated.
● If there is an opening on both sides of the separating wall within 3 m of
the wall, those on one side should be bricked up to full thickness of
wall, or an alternative should be provided with fire resisting doors of fire
rating not less than of 2 hours for walls of 4 hours rating and 1 hour for
other rating.
 RATING

● In case of a building more than 15 m in height, all floors should be

compartmented with area not exceeding 750 m by a separation wall
with 2 hours fire rating, for floors having provision of sprinklers.
● The staircase of basements should be of enclosed type having fire
resistance of not less than 2 hours.
● Upper storeys should communicate with basement through a lobby
provided with fire resisting self-closing doors of 1 hour fire resistance.
● The inspection panel doors and any other opening in the shaft for
electrical services should be provided with fire doors having fire
resistance of not less than 1 hour.
● The doors provided for the electrical service room should have fire
resistance of not less than 2 hours.
TOP FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURERS IN INDIA

Safex Fire Services Ltd

Ceasefire Industries Pvt. Ltd
Reliance Fire and Safety Limited
UTC Fire & Security India Ltd
Fire Protection NewAge industries Pvt. Ltd
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Usha Fire Safety Equipments (P) Ltd
Kanadia Fyr Fyter Pvt Ltd
SafeGuard Industries
ABC Fire India

6 KG. ABC TYPE FIRE Rs 1,450/

EXTINGUISHER

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Swinging Hose Reel
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Hose Box RRL @Rs.5300/-

Collecting Heads 2 Way @ Rs 2900/-

3 Way @ Rs 3900/-
4 Way @ Rs 4900/