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    20) Chemistry-in-Power-Plant

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    IIN
    Water chemistry is an important discipline in power plants. High water quality standards must be maintained to achieve higher efficiency and reduce downtime. The document discusses water treatment processes like demineralization that produce various grades of water for uses like boiler makeup. It also covers monitoring of steam and water parameters, chemical dosing of systems, and maintaining strict quality standards for feed water, condensate, boiler water and steam to prevent issues like silica deposition in turbines.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    20) Chemistry-in-Power-Plant

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    IIN
    45 views25 pages
    Water chemistry is an important discipline in power plants. High water quality standards must be maintained to achieve higher efficiency and reduce downtime. The document discusses water treatment processes like demineralization that produce various grades of water for uses like boiler makeup. It also covers monitoring of steam and water parameters, chemical dosing of systems, and maintaining strict quality standards for feed water, condensate, boiler water and steam to prevent issues like silica deposition in turbines.

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    chemistri dalam power plan

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    Water chemistry is an important discipline in power plants. High water quality standards must be maintained to achieve higher efficiency and reduce downtime. The document discusses water treatment processes like demineralization that produce various grades of water for uses like boiler makeup. It also covers monitoring of steam and water parameters, chemical dosing of systems, and maintaining strict quality standards for feed water, condensate, boiler water and steam to prevent issues like silica deposition in turbines.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    45 views25 pages

    20) Chemistry-in-Power-Plant

    Uploaded by

    IIN
    Water chemistry is an important discipline in power plants. High water quality standards must be maintained to achieve higher efficiency and reduce downtime. The document discusses water treatment processes like demineralization that produce various grades of water for uses like boiler makeup. It also covers monitoring of steam and water parameters, chemical dosing of systems, and maintaining strict quality standards for feed water, condensate, boiler water and steam to prevent issues like silica deposition in turbines.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 25

    WATER CHEMISTRY IN POWER

    PLANT

    1 December 15, 2021


    WATER CHEMISTRY IN POWER
    PLANT

    WATER CHEMISTRY IS A VERY IMPORTANT


    DISCIPLINE IN POWER SECTOR.

    TO ACHIEVE HIGHER OPERATION


    EFFICIENCY AND TO REDUCE PLANT
    DOWNTIME, HIGH WATER QUALITY
    STANDARDS ARE TO BE MAINTAINED

    2 December 15, 2021


    WATER CHEMISTRY IN
    POWER PLANT

    ⚫ PRODUCTION OF : -
    --- D.M. WATER FOR BOILER MAKE-UP.
    --- FILTER WATER FOR SOFTENING PLANT, D.M.
    PLANT, DRINKING WATER AND A.C. COOLING
    SYSTEM.
    ⚫ MONITORING OF STEAM/ WATER PARAMETERS
    ⚫ H.P./L.P. DOSING.
    ⚫ TESTING OF COAL.
    ⚫ TESTING OF LUB OIL.

    3 December 15, 2021


    WATER CHEMISTRY IN
    POWER PLANT

    ⚫ CIRCULATING WATER TREATMENT


    ⚫ POLLUTION MONITORING
    – STACK MONITORING
    – AMBIENT AIR
    – WATER EFFLUENT
    ⚫ EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANT
    ⚫ COMMISSIONING ACTIVITES

    4 December 15, 2021


    WATER FLOW DIAGRAM

    RAW CLARIFLOCC GRAVITY


    WATER ULATOR FILTER

    D.M. BOILER
    U/G STORAGE PLANT MAKEUP
    TANK
    SOFTENING C.W.
    PLANT MAKEUP

    DRINKING COOLING
    WATER WATER

    5 December 15, 2021


    D.M. PLANT

    WEAK STRONG
    ACF ACID ACID
    CATION CATION DEGASSER

    WEAK STRONG MIXED D.M.


    BASE BASE BED WATER
    ANION ANION STORAGE
    TANK

    6 December 15, 2021


    D.M. WATER QUALITY

    ⚫ pH - 7.0 ± 0.2
    ⚫ CONDUCTIVITY < 0.1  mho
    ⚫ TDS - NIL
    ⚫ SiO2 < 20 ppb

    7 December 15, 2021


    WATER STEAM CYCLE
    (GAS PROJECT)
    L.P. DOSING

    D.M. WATER RFT CONDENSER D/A

    LP TURBINE LP STEAM LP BOILER

    LP BFP
    H.P. DOSING

    HP TURBINE HP STEAM HP BOILER

    HP BFP
    8 December 15, 2021
    WATER STEAM CYCLE
    (THERMAL PROJECT)

    HYDRAZINE AMMONIA
    DOSING DOSING

    CEP

    D.M. WATER CST CONDENSER D/A

    TURBINE STEAM BOILER


    BFP
    T.S.P. DOSING

    9 December 15, 2021


    WATER/STEAM CHEMISTRY

    PARAMETERS MONITORED
    – pH
    – Silica
    – Conductivity
    – After Cation Conductivity
    – Dissolved Oxygen
    – Sodium
    – Copper
    – Iron

    10 December 15, 2021


    WATER QUALITY

    ⚫ FEED WATER
    – ACC <0.2 uS/cm
    – pH 8.8-9.2
    – Total Iron+Copper <0.02 ppm
    – Silica <0.02 ppm
    – Dissolved Oxygen <7 ppb

    11 December 15, 2021


    WATER QUALITY

    ⚫ CONDENSATE WATER
    – ACC <0.2 uS/cm

    – pH 8.8-9.2

    – Silica <0.02 ppm

    – Dissolved Oxygen <40 ppb

    12 December 15, 2021


    WATER QUALITY

    ⚫ BOILER WATER
    – Conductivity <30 uS/cm

    – pH 9.2-9.6

    – Silica <0.300 ppm

    – Phosphate 2-4 ppm

    13 December 15, 2021


    WATER QUALITY

    ⚫ STEAM
    – ACC <0.2 uS/cm
    – pH 8.8-9.2
    – Total Iron+Copper <0.02 ppm
    – Silica <0.02 ppm
    – Sodium <10 ppb

    14 December 15, 2021


    DISTRIBUTION RATIO BETWEEN
    STEAM & BOILER WATER AT pH 9.5

    Drum Pressure Silica in Boiler Water


    194 Kg/Cm2 130 ppb
    176 Kg/Cm2 220 ppb
    159 Kg/Cm2 290 ppb
    134 Kg/Cm2 500 ppb
    117 Kg/Cm2 1000 ppb
    100 Kg/Cm2 2220 ppb
    65 Kg/Cm2 4000 ppb --
    Boiller Drum Pressure is to be maintined as
    such,Silica value in Main Steam maintain
    15 bellow 20December
    ppb. 15, 2021
    PARTITION COEFFICIENT AT
    DIFFERENT PRESSURES

    100

    10-1

    10-2

    10-3

    10-4

    10-5

    10-6

    10-7

    226 220 200 180 160 140 120 100 50 40 30

    PRESSURE ( BAR)
    16 December 15, 2021
    SOURCES OF IMPURITIES IN STEAM

    ⚫ By evaporation from the boiler drum


    ⚫ By entrainment of boiler water droplets in
    saturated steam.
    ⚫ As impurity present in feed water used in de-
    super heater spray.

    17 December 15, 2021


    EFFECTS OF SILICA

    ⚫ Silica has high partition coefficient, so it has


    tendency to deposit from steam onto turbine.

    ⚫ Silica can deposit on turbine blades specially


    on LP turbine, which can lead to significant
    loss of output.

    18 December 15, 2021


    H.P. DOSING

    COORDINATED PHOSPHATE CONTROL

    Na3PO4+H2O Na2HPO4 + NaOH


    Na2HPO4+H2O NaH2PO4 + NaOH
    NaOH + HCl (As Impurity) NaCl + H2O

    19 December 15, 2021


    L.P.DOSING

    AMMONIA & HYDRAZINE HYDRATE DOSING

    AMMONIA IS USED TO INCREASE THE


    pH OF THE SYSTEM AND HYDRAZINE
    IS USED TO REMOVE THE OXYGEN
    N2H4 + O2 N2 + H2O
    3N2H4 4NH3 + N2

    20 December 15, 2021


    CHEMICAL CONTROL OF GENERATOR
    STATOR WATER COOLING CIRCUITS

    GENERATOR STATOR COOLANT


    --- D.M. WATER
    STATOR WATER PARAMETER TO BE MAINTAINED
    - pH 6.8 + .2
    -K < 1.0 µs/cm
    - Copper < 50 PPb
    - D.O. < 10 PPb in low D.O. regime
    2.0 to 5.0 PPM in high D.O.
    regime

    21 December 15, 2021


    CORROSION OF COPPER

    There are two methods where the copper is


    best passivated and minimum corrosion is
    found.
    1. Low dissolved oxygen regime.
    2. High dissolved oxygen regime.

    22 December 15, 2021


    LOW D.O. REGIME

    - Limits below 10 PPb

    With low D.O. concentration, copper


    corrosion is inhibited by a passive film of
    Cuprous Oxide(Cu2O).

    23 December 15, 2021


    HIGH D.O. REGIME

    - Limits 2 to 5 PPM

    With high D.O. concentration, copper


    corrosion is inhibited by a passive film of
    Cupric Oxide(CuO).

    24 December 15, 2021


    25 December 15, 2021

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