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Final Examination in SS 208

This document contains the answers to five questions about educational philosophies and curriculum development from a student named Jacinth Rivera Gallego. [1] It discusses how the historical foundations of education influence curriculum development by providing context and highlighting enduring lessons. [2] It defines anthropology as the study of mankind and notes that communication is important for transferring culture and socializing. [3] It explains that a philosophy of education identifies the beliefs and values of an educational system and can influence what is taught and how. [4] It argues that studying philosophies of education helps teachers understand their purpose and role. [5] It then enumerates and discusses five educational philosophies: perennialism, essentialism, progressivism

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Jacinth Gallego
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110 views5 pages

Final Examination in SS 208

This document contains the answers to five questions about educational philosophies and curriculum development from a student named Jacinth Rivera Gallego. [1] It discusses how the historical foundations of education influence curriculum development by providing context and highlighting enduring lessons. [2] It defines anthropology as the study of mankind and notes that communication is important for transferring culture and socializing. [3] It explains that a philosophy of education identifies the beliefs and values of an educational system and can influence what is taught and how. [4] It argues that studying philosophies of education helps teachers understand their purpose and role. [5] It then enumerates and discusses five educational philosophies: perennialism, essentialism, progressivism

Uploaded by

Jacinth Gallego
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Name：Jacinth Rivera Gallego

MaEd Social Science

Submitted To: Doc. Trudy Castillo Cerbo


Final Examination in SS 208

1. How do historical foundation influence the development of a curriculum?


Answer:
Knowing the foundation of education is powerfully beneficial both for the curriculum
maker and curriculum implementer- the teacher. The historical foundation of education tells us
that the world has changed, and the modes of teaching and learning must cope with it. The era of
spoon-feeding the lessons and letting the teacher monopolize the knowledge has already ended.
We are now in a time where students get bored when the teacher cannot engage in learning and
tend to have a plain discussion. However, the historical foundation of education gave us a hint
that there are perennial lessons and learning. Just like students must learn patriotism and nation-
building, learning by doing, and holistic development for both bodies, minds, and morals even
though we are in the 21st century and the contemporary age.
2. Discuss anthropology as a communication.
Answer:
Anthropology is the science concerned with the study of mankind. One of the
characteristics of a rational person is being able to communicate with someone whether in
spoken words or gestures. To socialize with others we need to communicate with them.
Communication is one of the important elements in transferring culture and learning the culture
as well as knowing the behavior of someone. Communication also holds an important duty for
peacekeeping not only in the family but also in society.3.
3. How does philosophy of education affect the educational system?
Answer:
According to Scots college (2017), philosophy of education is a statement (or set of
statements) that identifies and clarifies the beliefs, values and understandings of an individual or
group with respect to education. Defined in this sense, it may be thought of as a more-or-less
organized body of knowledge and opinion on education, both as it is conceptualized and as it is
practiced.
A philosophy of this sort is critical in defining and directing the purposes, objectives and focus
of a school. It should also serve to inspire and direct educational planning, programs, and
processes in any given setting.
A philosophy of education may influence what subjects or topics are taught, how they are
taught, and perhaps more importantly, the supporting beliefs and values that are taught, both
implicitly and explicitly, within and around the core curriculum.

4. Why is it important for teachers to study the philosophies of education?


Answer:
An exemplary educator should have a sense of purpose in our pedagogy. As a teacher, we
should know the expectation of our students and make plans to meet those expectations both
from us and the subject that we taught. Also as a teacher, we must have our belief system and
ideologies on what must happen in our classroom and how we meet our goals in the teaching-
learning process.
We know that learning has its own time and students has their own pace. In today's
educational system we teachers face a lot of difficulties not only in the corruption of our
department but also in how we handle the behavior of the parents and the students towards us.
By learning the laid foundation of education, we can answer the question; of why we as teachers
exist, and how education started and take place and evolved throughout time.
According to ‘Education: Philosophy, Sociology and Economics’ Edited by Naseerali
M.K.(2016). Philosophy helps the teacher in shaping and molding the ideals, habits, manners,
tastes, and ways of life, and above all the character and personalities of the students. Every
teacher is a philosopher. We influences the personality of the child and gives them a new outlook
on life. A philosophical background gives teachers the power to choose the curriculum, organize
the school day, and construct classroom activities. Each philosophy determines the place of the
teacher differently in the education system.

5. Enumerate five educational philosophies and discuss them comprehensively.


Answer:

PERENNIALISM
Education aims to secure that students cultivate cognition about the great thoughts of Western
civilization. These ideas have the potential for solving problems in any era. The priority is to
teach ideas that are everlasting and to seek unchanging truths which are constant, not changing,
as the natural and human worlds at their most essential level, do not change. Instructing these
unchanging principles is critical. Humans are rational beings, and their minds need to be
developed. The loftiest accomplishments of humankind are emphasized– the great works of
literature and art, the laws or principles of science are examples of the perennial subjects that are
being discussed in perennialism

ESSENTIALISM
Essentialists acknowledge that there is a standard core of knowledge that needs to be transmitted
to learners in a systematic, disciplined manner. The emphasis in this traditionalistic perspective
is on intellectual and moral benchmarks that schools should teach. The core of the curriculum is
essential knowledge and skills and academic rigor. Education should be functional, preparing
students to become valuable members of society. It should focus on facts-the objective reality
out there--and "the basics," training students to read, write, speak, and compute clearly and
logically. Students should be taught hard work, respect for authority, and discipline.

PROGRESSIVISM
Progressivists acknowledge that education should concentrate on the whole child, rather than on
the scope or the teacher. This educational philosophy highlights that students should theorize by
active experimentation. Learning is embedded in the questions of learners that arise through
experiencing the world. It is active, not passive. The learner is a problem solver and thinker who
makes significance through his or her individual experience in the physical and cultural context.
Effective teachers provide experiences so that students can learn by doing.

SOCIAL RECONSTRUCTIONISM
Social reconstructionism is a principles that accentuates the addressing of social questions and a
quest to create a more acceptable society and worldwide democracy. Reconstructionist educators
focus on a curriculum that stresses social reform as the aim of education.
For social reconstructionists and crucial theorists, curriculum focuses on student background and
bearing social action on real problems, such as violence, hunger, global terrorism, inflation, and
inequality. Strategies for dealing with controversial issues (particularly in social studies and
literature), inquiry, dialogue, and multiple perspectives are the focus. Community-based
understanding and bringing the world into the classroom are also strategies.

EXISTENTIALISM
In the existentialist classroom, subject matter takes second place to supporting the students
understand and value themselves as extraordinary individuals who accept entire accountability
for their thoughts, feelings, and actions. The teacher's function is to help students express their
own essence by exposing them to diverse paths they may take in life and creating an atmosphere
in which they may freely choose their own preferred way. Since feeling is not divorced from
reason in decision making, the existentialist demands the education of the entire person, not just
the intellect.

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