PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2

SEPTEMBER 28, 2022

RESEARCH TITLE
BASIC GUIDELINES IN MAKING A RESEARCH TITLE
1. Use an accurate description of the subject and scope of the study
instead of using general terms.
2. Do not use abbreviations except for commonly known ones like DNA
and ICT.
3. Do not include words like “The study of,” “Analysis of,” “An
investigation of” or similar construction as these would only lengthen
the title.
4. Include the main dependent and independent variables.
5. Be mindful of the proper use of grammar and punctuation.
6. Capitalize all nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs as well as
the first letter of the first and last words.
RESEARCH TITLE
BASIC GUIDELINES IN MAKING A RESEARCH TITLE
7. State in a declarative form, although you may also see titles in question
form from time to time.
8. The year the study has been conducted should not be indicated unless it is
a historical study.
9. Use current terminology.
10. Depending on the institutional requirements, 5 to15 words are sufficient
to describe the research study.
11. Use the common name instead of chemical formula (e.g., Ammonium
instead of NH4)
12. Write and italicize full scientific names.
13. Make sure to reflect the tone of the paper. An academic research paper
has title which is not casual, or informal, or does not contain humor.
A good research paper title:
✓Condenses the paper‘s content in a few words
✓Captures the readers‘ attention
✓Differentiates the paper from other papers of
the same subject area
The following steps can guide you in writing your research title:
1. Determine what it is that you wish to accomplish or know from your
study. Write one to two sentences to state the main objectives of your
research project.
2. Include important keywords and variables. Revise the sentences into one
complete sentence that includes important keywords and variables of the
study.
3. Shorten the title by eliminating unnecessary words. You may also shrink
a phrase into a simpler phrase or a single word. In doing this, make sure
that the main thought of the research study is retained.
4. Correct grammar and punctuation errors if there is any.
5. Observe proper formatting. The format may vary according to the
requirements of the course or school. Please seek guidance from your
professor.
BACKGROUND OF RESEARCH

• The background of the study is the part of your paper where

you inform the reader of the context of the study.
• Ideally, this part is written when you have already conducted
a literature review and has a good perception of the topic so
you can articulate the importance and validity of the
research problem.
• It is also in this part of the paper where you justify the need
to conduct a research study about the topic selected by
establishing the research gap.
BACKGROUND OF RESEARCH

• A research gap is an under or unexplored area of a

topic that requires further exploration.
• The gap can be in a form of other variables,
conditions, population, methodology, or test subject.
• Identifying research gaps sometimes would even
make researchers modify their research problem as
they get noteworthy ideas from fellow researchers.
BACKGROUND OF RESEARCH

The background of the study answers the following questions:

1. What is already known about the topic?
2. What is not known about the topic?
3. Why do you need to address those gaps?
4. What is the rationale of your study?
ACTIVITY
Directions: Organize the reviewed related literature about the research problem previously
selected (see page 6) by completing the table below. Write your answers on a separate sheet of
paper.

Author/s & Yr.

Topic
Sample
Data Collection Method
Major Findings
Recommendation
RESEARCH QUESTION
Feasible. Consider the amount of time, energy, money, respondents, and even your current
situation as a student-researcher. Is the research problem possible? Will it not spend unreasonable
amount? Consider these examples: “How do parents feel about the blended learning modality for
elementary learners?” and “How would giving each learner their own laptop to be used in this
blended learning modality affect their performance tasks?” The first example is definitely a more
feasible research question. Considering the resources, it is more possible to gather the data needed
to answer the question.
Clear. The clarity of how the questions are stated lead to agreement of meaning of the readers of
your study. Since your research questions are also considered as the main focus in the gathering
and analyzing the data, it is therefore very important that these are stated clearly.
Significant. Ask if your research questions are relevant or important to ask. Will answering these
questions provide an additional contribution to address the given research problem? In other
words, are the research questions really worth investigating?
Ethical. Always consider the welfare of people, animals or whosoever are involved in your study.
Look into ways of answering the research questions without inflicting physical and psychological
harm to persons involved.
Formulating Research Problem
Research questions can be generally classified into two: general and
specific. The general question of the study is derived from the research
problem while the specific questions are anchored on the general
research problem.
For example:
This study aims to determine the relationship between the types of
learning delivery mode and students’ learning styles. Furthermore, it
seeks to answer the following research questions: (1) What are the
different learning delivery modes of the school? (2) What are the
various learning styles of the students? (3) Is there a significant
relationship between the different learning delivery modes of the
school and the learning styles of its students?
Research Questions for Descriptive Research focus on
observing, describing, and reporting factors or aspects of the
research problem. Phrases such as how often/frequently,
how many/much, what is/are, to what extent/degree, and the
likes are used in these questions. For example, you study the
use of social media among Senior High School Students, you
can ask the following questions:
What are the various social media platforms used by Senior
High Students?
How many hours students spend on social media per day?
Research Questions for Correlational Research aim to
determine the relationships among two or more variables in
your research problem. Correlational research questions
usually begin with the phrases “Is there a significant
relationship...” or “What is the relationship between/among...”.
In the study of use of social media and level of digital literacy
of students following questions can be asked:
What is the relationship between the length of hours spent on
social media and level of digital literacy of students?
Is there a significant relationship between the type of social
media used and the level digital literacy of students?
Research Questions for Ex Post Facto Research attempt to
identify the causes of the phenomenon in the context of your
research problem. It is also assumed that no control or
manipulation of variable has been done in order to cause the
effect. It is also understood that the cause of the problem
already exists before you conducted your study. For example,
ex post facto study on family background and digital literacy
of students, the following questions can be asked:
Is there a difference in the literacy level of students between
their cultural and educational family background?
Research Questions for Experimental and Quasi-
experimental Research suggest that answers to these
questions are brought about by manipulation or control
of a certain variable during the conduct of the study.
These questions provide explanation to the causal
relationship of variables. The following research
questions can be asked on studies on elementary
student’s remedial sessions and academic
performance of students:
Is there a significant difference in the posttest scores
of the control group and experimental group?
SCOPE AND DELIMITATION OF STUDY

The scope specifies the coverage of your study

such as variables, population or participant,
and timeline. Delimitation cites factors of your
study that are not included or excluded or
those you will not deal in your study.
COMPONENTS SCOPE AND DELIMITATION
Topic of the Study. What are the variables to be included and
excluded?
Objectives or Problems to be Addressed. Why are you doing
this study?
Time Frame. When are you going to conduct this study?
Locale of the Study. Where are you going to gather your data?
Characteristics of the Respondents. Who will be your
respondents?
Method and Research Instruments. How are going to collect
the data?