Scribd
Upload
40 views

SQL Functions

The document describes several SQL functions for dates, strings, and numbers. Date functions include ADD_MONTHS, LAST_DAY, MONTHS_BETWEEN, NEXT_DAY, and GREATEST. String functions include INITCAP, LOWER, UPPER, LTRIM, RTRIM, TRANSLATE, REPLACE, and SUBSTR. Numeric functions include ABS, CEIL, COS, EXP, FLOOR, POWER, MOD, ROUND, TRUNC, and SQRT.

Uploaded by

Yogesh Guru
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
40 views

SQL Functions

The document describes several SQL functions for dates, strings, and numbers. Date functions include ADD_MONTHS, LAST_DAY, MONTHS_BETWEEN, NEXT_DAY, and GREATEST. String functions include INITCAP, LOWER, UPPER, LTRIM, RTRIM, TRANSLATE, REPLACE, and SUBSTR. Numeric functions include ABS, CEIL, COS, EXP, FLOOR, POWER, MOD, ROUND, TRUNC, and SQRT.

Uploaded by

Yogesh Guru
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

SQL FUNCTIONS

1. DATE FUNCTIONS

I. ADD_MONTHS –Returns a date after adding a specified date with the


specified number of months.

Syntax: add_months (d, n)

Example: select add_months ('07-Feb-23', 2) from dual;

Output:
ADD_MONTH
------------------
07-APR-23

II. LAST_DAY – Returns the date corresponding to the last day of the month.

Syntax: last_day (d)

Example: select sysdate, last_day (sysdate) from dual;

Output:
SYSDATE LAST_DAY
------------- --------------
07-FEB-23 28-FEB-23

III. MONTHS_BETWEEN – Returns the number of months between two dates.

Syntax: months_between (d1, d2)

Example: select months_between ('01-Apr-23', '01-Feb-23') from dual;

Output:
MONTHS_BETWEEN ('01-APR-23', '01-FEB-23')
--------------------------------------------------------------
2

IV. NEXT_DAY – Returns the next date for the specified day from the specified date.

Syntax: next_day (d, day)

Example: select next_day ('07-Feb-23', 'Thursday') from dual;


 The Thursday that immediately follows the date '07-Feb-23' will be displayed.

Output:

NEXT_DAY
------------------
14-FEB-23

V. GREATEST – Returns the latest date present in the argument.

Syntax: greatest (d1, d2, …)

Example: select greatest (to_date ('07-Feb-23', 'dd-Mon-yy'), to_date ('10-Jul-23',


'dd-Mon-yy'), to_date ('15-Jun-23', 'dd-Mon-yy')) from dual;
Output:

GREATEST
-----------------
10-JUL-23

2. CHARACTER FUNCTIONS /STRING FUNTIONS

FUNCTION INPUT OUTPUT

Initcap (char) select initcap (‘hello’) from dual; Hello

Lower (char) select lower (‘FUN’) from dual; fun

Upper (char) select upper (‘sun’) from dual; SUN

Ltrim (char, set) select ltrim (‘xyzadams’, ‘xyz’) from dual; adams

Rtrim (char, set) select rtrim (‘xyzadams’, ‘ams’) from dual; xyzad

Translate (char, from, to) select translate (‘jack’, ‘j’, ‘b’) from dual; back

Replace (char, select replace (‘jack and jue’, ‘j’, ‘bl’) from
black and blue
searchstring, [rep string]) dual;

Substr (char, m, n) select substr (‘abcdefg’, 3, 2) from dual; cd


I. LPAD

Example: select lpad ('function', 15, '=') from dual;

 The output gives the sign ‘=’ before the word function. The entire string is 15 in
length after the padding is done.

Output:

LPAD ('FUNCTION'
--------------------------
= = = = = = =function

II. RPAD – Pads the value given to the right of the given string.

Example: select rpad ('function', 15, '=') from dual;

Output:

RPAD ('FUNCTION'
--------------------------
Function= = = = = = =

3. NUMERIC FUNCTIONS

FUNCTION INPUT OUTPUT


Abs select abs (–15) from dual; 15
select ceil (44.778) from dual; 45
Ceil (n)
select ceil (44.478) from dual; 45
Cos (n) select cos (180) from dual; –.59846007
Exp (n) select exp (4) from dual; 54.59815
Floor (n) select floor (100.75) from dual; 100
Power (m, n) select power (4, 2) from dual; 16
Mod (m, n) select mod (10, 3) from dual; 1
Round (m, n) select round (100.256, 2) from dual; 100.26
Trunc (m, n) select trunc (100.256, 2) from dual; 100.25
Sqrt (n) select sqrt (4) from dual; 2

FLOOR() function rounds the number, towards zero, always down. 


CEILING() function rounds the number, away from zero, always up.

ROUND() function rounds a number to a specified number of decimal places.

You might also like