Module 5 Hydraulics CE MAY 1994, MAY 2004 The pump shown draws water from reservoir A at elevation 10 m and lifts it to reservoir B at elevation 60 m. The loss of head from A to 1 is two times the velocity head in the 200 mm diameter pipe and the loss of head from 2 to B is ten times the velocity head in the 150 mm diameter pipe. Determine the rated horsepower of the pump and the pressure heads at 1 and 2 in meters when the discharge is 0.03 m'/sec. Solution: 2g PORN vt 8(0.03) 2g 1(9.81)(0.15)* Energy Equation between A and B: Eq ~ Hy, +HA~HLy-g vg? Typ aa Hn FHA Hag 0 +0+1—~2(0,0465) + HA — 10(0.147) = 0+0+ 60 HA = 51563 m Power output = QyHA = 0.03(9,810)(51.563) hp Power output = 14,175 watts x (72) Power output = 20.34 horsepower (rated power of the pump) Pressure heads at 1 and 2: Energy Equation between A and 1: Ey—Hlya =F 2 2 APA Hy = Pee, ay 2g *y 0+0-+ 10 -2(0.0465) = oo4es +740 : = 9.86 m of water Energy Equation between 2 and B: va? | De we Pet 2g 7” a1a7 +284 0~ 100147) =0+0+ 60 61.323 mof water(CE BOARD A jet is issued from the side of a tank under a constant head of 3 m. The side of the tank has an inclination of 1H to 1V. The total depth of water in the tank is 6.70 m. Neglecting air resistance and assuming C, = 1.0, determine the following (a) The maximum height to which the jet will rise (b) the point it strike a horizontal plane 1.20 m below the bottom of the tank, and {© the velocity of the jt as it strike the ground Solution: v= CoJZaH v= (DY2OBD@) = 7.672= (2) Maximum height (at point 1, wy = 0) From physics: vy? = v9? — 2gy 0= (7.672sin45*)? ~ 209.81), yy = 1.5m (maximum height above the orifice) (b) Point is strike the ground (at point 2, y> = ~4.9 m) From physics: 2 =xtano-— y= x tan — 7 e057 : 8D 49°= xatan45" 777 672)tcostA 0.167x.? — x. —4.9=0 Xz = 9.18 m (horizontal distance from the orifice) (0 Velocity of the jet as it strikes the ground: Work-energy equation between O and 2: 7.672)" v2? 2081) ~~ 20.81) m vp = 12.45PROBLEM Determine the diameter of an orifice that permits a tank of horizontal cross-section 1.5 m® to have its liquid surface draw down at the rate of 160 mm/s for a 3.35 m head on the orifice. Use C = 0.63, Solution: The discharge through the orifice is equal to the tank's cross-sectional area times the draw down rate. Q = Aranx * Paraw down g=isxais=o24™ Q= CA, 2H 0.24 = 0.63 x 0 /2gB35) D=0.245m = 245mm CE BOARD 1992 A composite non-prismatic 5-m high cylindrical tank shown has a frustum of a cone at the bottom with upper base diameter 2.5 m, 1.25m diameter at the bottom, and 2 m high. The bottom contains 100-mm diameter sharp edged orifice with coefficient of discharge of 0.60. If fully filed to the top, determine the time to empty the tank in minutes. Solution: The cross sectional area from level 1 to level 2is constant. a= Hy — Hp] aa yag Vl 4, = 5 (25)? = 4.91 m? CoG 0.6 x7 (0.1)*-\208) CA, (2g = 0.02087 Hy = 9m; Hy =4m 2(4.91) [5-va]=4705s heFrom level 2 to level 3: 625 P a+ ] Ag = 0.0767(16 + 8h +h?) H=h . i 0.076716 + 8h + h?)dh = | aceite rene rae cA, 2aVR t 16h? + 8h2 + hz 4 123 25 ty = 3.675 [16(2)h2 + 85h? + = h2| t = 439.045 Total time to empty, t= t+ te = 470.5 + 439.04 t= 909.545 = 15.16 minutesPROBLEM Two vertical cylindrical tanks 1 and 2 having diameters 2 m and 3 m, respectively, are connected with a 200- mm diameter tube at its lower portion, and having C = 0.60. When the tube is closed, the water surface in tank 1 is 5 meters above tank 2. How long will it take after opening the tube, for the water surface in tank 2 to rise by 1 meter? Solution: Yate Z ayty = 2 (32 ZY = FPO y=2.25 m Hy, t+y+1=5 H, = §— 1-225 Hy =1.75m An As: rca) Yh vial Hy, =Sm Z Qe Ay at 7? = 2250 An = CA, J29 = 060 x5 (0.202081) CAyy/2g = 0.0835 _ B25) (_2 2250 (onaas) ST t= 47.575PROBLEM A glass tube with a 90° bend is open at both ends. Itis inserted into a flowing stream of il (SG = 0.90) so that cone of the opening is directed upstream and the other is directed upward. Ifthe oil inside the tube is 50 mm higher than the surface outside, determine the velocity measured by the tube. Solution: v Zgh (theoretical velocity) (2031)0.05) PROBLEM A rectangular, sharp-crested weir with end contractions is 1.4 m long. How high should it be placed in a channel to maintain an upstream depth of 2.35 m for a flow of 400 liters/second? Solution: Using Francis Formula: Q = 1.84LH3? 14-024 2 0.40 = 1.84(1.4—0.2H)H2 Solve for H by trial and error: Try H = 03 1.84(1.4 — 0.2(0.3)](0.3)2 = 0.405~0.4 From the figure shown above: Pad-H P= 235-03 P=2.05m(CE BOARD NOVEMBER 1991 A V-notch weir is located or cut at one end of a tank having a horizontal square section 10 m by 10m. Ifthe initial head on the weirs 1.20 m and it takes 375 seconds to discharge 100 m’ of water, what could have been the vertex angle of the weir. Use C = 0.60. Solution: When 100 m’ is discharged from the tank, the water level drops by y meters. 100 x y = 100 ysim Thus, the flow is unsteady with initial head Hy = 1.20 m and final head H. = 0.2 m _ (Asai Sy Qoue A, = 10 x 10 = 100 m? 8 os Qoue a wang : Qoue = 7g (0.60) 2g tan HE Qoue t oo AAT tan 5H are 6 pes sai37tang =f HmiaH op 2 ap saa7tang = [- 3 HE 3 loo 62 3 s3137tang = ~5{(1.20)"? - 02093] o tang = 130726 = 105,17°(CE BOARD MAY 2003 A pipe network consist of pipeline 1 from A to B, then at B it is connected to pipelines 2 and 3, where it merges again at Joint C to form a single pipeline 4 up to point D. Pipelines 1, 2 and 4 are series connection whereas pipelines 2 and 3 are parallel to each other. If the rate of flow from A to B is 10 liters/sec and assuming f = 0.02 for all pipes, determine the flow in each pipe and the total head lost from A to D. Pipeline | Length (m) | Diameter (mm) 1 3,000 200 2 2,200 300 3 3,200 200 4 2,800 400, L 1 = Q = 102 = 0.01 m¥/s 0.0826fL.Q? nae 2 penny = 549m yy = LOOMED EAONO « sH95. 640, 2 agg = 2820 02VG 20000)" «16,520 052 2 0.0826(0.02)(2800)(001)? 4 pe 16,520 Q3? (Eq.1) Q + Qs =0.01 3.32305 + Qs = 0.01 Q; = 0.00231 m?/s Qs =2.31L/s Substitute Q3 to Eq. 1: = 3.323(0.00231) 0.007687 m?/s 7,687 L/s HL = hips + hya + hy HL = 1.549 + 1495.64(0.007687)? + 0.0452 HL = 1.683 mCE BOARD MAY 2000 three reservoirs A, B, and C are connected respectively with pipes 1, 2, and 3 joining at a common Junction P whose elevation is 366 m. Reservoir A is at elevation 933 m and reservoir B is at elevation 844 m. The properties of each pipes are as follows: L; = 1500 m, Dy = 600 mm, f = 0.02; Lz = 1000 m, Dz = 450 mm, f: = 0.025; Ls = 900 m, Ds = 500 mm, fy = 0.018. A pressure gage at junction P reads 4950 kPa. What is the flow in pipe 3 in m’/s and the elevation of reservoir C. Solution: yy = 624m 2 0.0826(0.02)(1500)0.7 _ 6, 4 Q, = 1.399 m3 /s hy = 266m £0.0826(0.025)(1000) 3" 0.455 ~ Qe = 0.488 m?/s +O 399 — 0.488 Q) = 0.911 m/s Elevation of reservoir C: 1826 (0.018)(900)(0.911)? 0.55 igs = 3554 m Elevation of C = 870.6 — 35.54 Elevation of C = 835.06mPROBLEM The section of a storm drain is as shown. During the heavy storm, the water surface is 2.5 m above the semicircular section. If n = 0.02 and the slope of the channel is 0.009, calculate the discharge. Solution: AsRish gaan ; A= S525) + 5n(1.25)? A= 16.20 m? P = 25(2) + 15(2) + m(1.25) P=1193m A _ 1620 559m P1193 1 oo Q = 16.20 x57 (1.358)5(0.009)2 Q = 94.28 m/sCE BOARD EXAM NOV 1988 A flood occurs in a main channel having a trapezoidal section (side slope on both sides: 2H to 1V) and base width of 12 m. The depth of flow in this secti 3.60 mand the flood spills out over an almost horizontal plane on one side of the main channel, The width of the flood plain is 60 m with an overflow depth of 1 m. Ifn = 0.025 for the main channel and two times as large for the overflow section, estimate the discharge of the slope for both is 0.00030. Solution: For the main channel: 12 rain = A; RIS? 50236) +12(3.6) + 7G6+ 16.2) A= 68.12 m? p=a0(2 +12+26($)=2506ne 68.12 P 25.86 Onain = (68:12) (sa) 2.634)8(0.0003)! one : 0.025, : Qmain = 90.01 m3/s =2.634m For the flood plane: tad Qpione = AS; RBS? A= 60(1) = 60 m? P= 6041 Total flow: Q = 9001 + 20557 Q = 110.567 m/s