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    Significance of Krebs Cycle in ATP Formation: and The Production of NADH and FADH, Oxidation and Decarboxylation

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    Brianna Melbourne
    The Krebs cycle is the main source of energy production in cells through aerobic respiration. It harnesses the chemical energy from acetyl-CoA molecules derived from pyruvate to produce ATP, NADH, FADH2, and carbon dioxide. During each turn of the Krebs cycle, one ATP is generated through substrate-level phosphorylation, while three NADH and one FADH2 are produced to carry electrons to the electron transport chain to generate additional ATP. Overall, the Krebs cycle contributes to the production of ATP, NADH, and FADH2 that drive oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria.

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    Significance of Krebs Cycle in ATP Formation: and The Production of NADH and FADH, Oxidation and Decarboxylation

    Uploaded by

    Brianna Melbourne
    20 views10 pages
    The Krebs cycle is the main source of energy production in cells through aerobic respiration. It harnesses the chemical energy from acetyl-CoA molecules derived from pyruvate to produce ATP, NADH, FADH2, and carbon dioxide. During each turn of the Krebs cycle, one ATP is generated through substrate-level phosphorylation, while three NADH and one FADH2 are produced to carry electrons to the electron transport chain to generate additional ATP. Overall, the Krebs cycle contributes to the production of ATP, NADH, and FADH2 that drive oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria.

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    The Krebs cycle is the main source of energy production in cells through aerobic respiration. It harnesses the chemical energy from acetyl-CoA molecules derived from pyruvate to produce ATP, NADH, FADH2, and carbon dioxide. During each turn of the Krebs cycle, one ATP is generated through substrate-level phosphorylation, while three NADH and one FADH2 are produced to carry electrons to the electron transport chain to generate additional ATP. Overall, the Krebs cycle contributes to the production of ATP, NADH, and FADH2 that drive oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    20 views10 pages

    Significance of Krebs Cycle in ATP Formation: and The Production of NADH and FADH, Oxidation and Decarboxylation

    Uploaded by

    Brianna Melbourne
    The Krebs cycle is the main source of energy production in cells through aerobic respiration. It harnesses the chemical energy from acetyl-CoA molecules derived from pyruvate to produce ATP, NADH, FADH2, and carbon dioxide. During each turn of the Krebs cycle, one ATP is generated through substrate-level phosphorylation, while three NADH and one FADH2 are produced to carry electrons to the electron transport chain to generate additional ATP. Overall, the Krebs cycle contributes to the production of ATP, NADH, and FADH2 that drive oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria.

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    of 10

    Significance of

    Krebs cycle in ATP


    formation
    And the production of NADH and FADH²,
    Oxidation and decarboxylation
    Keep in mind that:
    Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the source of energy for use and storage at the cellular level.

    ● ATP consists of a base, in this case adenine (red), a ribose (magenta) and a phosphate chain
    (blue).

    NADP+ is a coenzyme that functions as a universal electron carrier, accepting electrons and
    hydrogen atoms to form NADPH, or nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate.

    ● NADP+ is created in anabolic reactions, or reaction that build large molecules from small
    molecules.

    FADH²: High energy electron carrier used to transport electrons generated in Glycolysis and Krebs
    Cycle to the Electron Transport Chain.

    Oxidation: A chemical reaction that takes place when a substance comes into contact with oxygen or
    another oxidizing substance.

    Decarboxylation, the removal of carbon dioxide from organic acids


    Krebs Cycle
    The tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, also known as the Krebs or citric acid cycle, is the main
    source of energy for cells and an important part of aerobic respiration. The cycle harnesses
    the available chemical energy of acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA) into the reducing power of
    nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH).
    Krebs Cycle cont.

    The Krebs cycle is a cycle of reactions that occurs in the mitochondrion. The Krebs cycle begins
    with an acetyl group and produces carbon dioxide, ATP, NADH and FADH2/
    The pyruvate produced by glycolysis in the cytosol passes into the mitochondrion where it will
    enter the Krebs cycle. Inside the mitochondrion, pyruvate undergoes both oxidation and
    decarboxylation. During the course of this reaction, a molecule of NADH is generated from
    NAD.
    ● Remember that NAD is an electron acceptor and the electrons that are removed from
    pyruvate when it is oxidised are accepted by NAD. NAD can oxidise a metabolite by
    accepting electrons and can reduce a metabolite by giving up electrons.
    Krebs Cycle cont.
    The Krebs cycle has eight steps and during these steps some of the energy
    released by the oxidation of carbon atoms is used to convert ADP to ATP. The
    conversion of ADP to ATP in the Krebs cycle occurs by substrate-level
    phosphorylation.
    One molecule of ATP is generated for each turn of the Krebs cycle but most of
    the chemical energy is transferred to NAD and FAD. The electrons and H+
    removed in the oxidation of carbon are accepted by NAD to give NADH and by
    FAD to give FADH2.
    Three molecules of NADH and one molecule of FADH2 are generated for each
    turn of the cycle and these molecules take their high-energy electrons to the
    electron transport chain.
    Krebs Cycle cont.
    An overall general summary for the Krebs cycle can be represented as follows:

    oxaloacetate + acetyl-CoA + 3H2 O + ADP + P (inorganic phosphate) + 3NAD + FAD A


    oxaloacetate + 2CO2 + CoA + ATP + 3NADH + 3H+ + FADH2
    .
    Oxaloacetate is CH2CO (COOH)2 and acetyl-CoA is CH3CO–CoA.

    ● Remember that two pyruvate molecules are produced from one glucose molecule
    and each pyruvate is converted to acetyl CoA. Therefore,one glucose results in
    two turns of the Krebs cycle.
    Krebs Cycle cont.

    A glucose molecule is converted to pyruvate during glycolysis and is then completely


    oxidised in the Krebs cycle. Energy remains in the electrons that were removed from the
    carbon atoms as they were oxidised. Most of the energy of the glucose molecule remains in
    the electrons that were passed to the electron carriers NAD and FAD.
    Electrons at a high-energy level in NADH and FADH2 enter the electron transport chain at
    the final stage of aerobic respiration. In glycolysis, two ATP molecules and two NADH
    molecules were generated per glucose molecule. In the Krebs cycle, two ATP, six NADH
    and two FADH2 molecules were generated per glucose molecule.
    Krebs Cycle Diagram
    YouTube Explaination

    Krebs Cycle diagram explain

    https://youtu.be/ubzw64PQPqM

    Krebx Cycle Explained

    https://youtu.be/juM2ROSLWfw
    https://youtu.be/ubzw64PQPqM

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