STATISTICS

8
GROUPED
FREQUENCY
DISTRIBUTION

WEEK NO. 3
GROUPED FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION

▪ When the data is quantitative in nature and the range of the

data is large, the data must be grouped into classes.
SAMPLE ILLUSTRATION
GROUPED FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION

▪ There are a total of five (5) columns in a grouped frequency

distribution unlike a categorical frequency distribution
where there are only three.
STEPS TO MAKE A GROUPED
FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION
1. Determine number of classes.
Example:

Each row
corresponds to a
class. Therefore,
there are 6 classes
in this grouped
frequency table.
STEPS TO MAKE A GROUPED
FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION
1. Determine number of classes.
Formula: 𝐾 = 1 + 3.322𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑁
where K=number of classes, N=total number of data values
Even if there are no values in a class, the class must be
included in the frequency distribution. The only exception
occurs when the class with a zero frequency is the first or
last class.
STEPS TO MAKE A GROUPED
FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION
2. Compute for the class width (CW) or class interval (CI).
range highest value−lowest value
CW = =
no.of classes (K) no.of classes (K)

Note: Range = highest value – smallest value

Round up the answer in case of remainder, e.g. 4.9≈5

If no remainder, add an extra class to accommodate all data.
STEPS TO MAKE A GROUPED
FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION
3. Get the class limits

Class limits –numerical limits of a class / found in first column

Lower Class Limit (LCL)– smallest data value that can be
included in the class
Upper Class Limit (UCL) - largest data value that can be
included in the class
STEPS TO MAKE A GROUPED
FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION
3. Get the class limits

Lower Class
Limits (LCLs)

Upper Class
Limits (UCLs)
STEPS TO MAKE A GROUPED
FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION
3. Get the class limits
▪ Select a starting point for the lowest class limit. Usually, this is the
smallest data value in the dataset.
▪ Add the class width/interval to the lowest value taken as the starting
point to get the lower limit of the next class.
▪ Keep adding until all the classes are filled.
▪ Subtract one unit from the lower limit of the second class to get the
upper limit of the first class.
▪ Then add the class width/interval to each upper limit to get all the upper
limits.
STEPS TO MAKE A GROUPED
FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION
3. Get the class limits
Word of caution in “Subtract one unit from the lower limit of the
second class to get the upper limit of the first class.”

When the original data involves decimals, subtract 0.1 instead

of 1 if original data are in tenths, and 0.01 if original data are in
hundredths
STEPS TO MAKE A GROUPED
FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION

4. Get the class boundaries

Class Boundaries - numbers used to separate the classes so
that there are no gaps in the second column
- the gaps are due to the class limits e.g. there is a gap between
30 and 31 (30.01, 30.02, 30.50, and so on)
STEPS TO MAKE A GROUPED
FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION
4. Get the class boundaries
Find the class boundaries by subtracting 0.5 from each lower
class limit and adding 0.5 to each upper class limit
STEPS TO MAKE A GROUPED
FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION
Rule of Thumb: Class limits should have the same decimal place
value as the data, but the class boundaries should have one
additional place value and end in a 5.

For example, if the values in the data set are whole numbers,
such as 24, 32, and 18, the limits for a class might be 31–37,
and the boundaries are 30.5–37.5
STEPS TO MAKE A GROUPED
FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION
For example, if the values in the data set are whole numbers,
such as 24, 32, and 18, the limits for a class might be 31–37,
and the boundaries are 30.5–37.5

Lower Limit – 0.5 = 31 – 0.5 = 30.5 = Lower Boundary

Upper Limit + 0.5 = 37 + 0.5 = 37.5 = Upper Boundary
STEPS TO MAKE A GROUPED
FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION
If the data are in tenths, such as 6.2, 7.8, and 12.6, the limits
for a class hypothetically might be 7.8–8.8, and the boundaries
for that class would be 7.75–8.85.
Lower Limit – 0.05 = 7.8 – 0.05 = 7.75 = Lower Boundary
Upper Limit + 0.05 = 8.8 + 0.05 = 8.85 = Upper Boundary

*Use 0.05 if data are in tenths, 0.005 if data are in hundredths

STEPS TO MAKE A GROUPED
FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION
5. Compute for the class midpoint
Class Midpoint - the midpoint of a class is found by getting the
sum of the lower class limit and upper class limit then dividing it
by 2 (average) e.g. (24+30)/2=54/2=27
STEPS TO MAKE A GROUPED
FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION
6. Count the frequency for each class
Simply count how many data values in the data set belong to
each class based on its class limits. Endpoints of the class limit
are included in the counting.
STEPS TO MAKE A GROUPED
FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION
7. Count the cumulative frequency for each class
Cumulative Frequency - used to show how many data values are
accumulated up to and including a specific class.

This can be found by adding the cumulative frequency of the

class below to the frequency of the given class.
EXAMPLE #1:

▪ The data shown are the number of grams per serving of 30

selected brands of cakes. Construct a grouped frequency
distribution.
SOLUTION:

Step 1: Determine number of classes using the formula:

𝐾 = 1 + 3.322𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑁
Since the total number of data values is 𝑁 = 30, 𝐾 = 1 +
3.322𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑁 will become
𝐾 = 1 + 3.322𝑙𝑜𝑔30
𝐾 = 1 + 3.322(1.477)
𝐾 = 1 + 4.907
𝐾 = 5.907 or 6 classes
SOLUTION:

Step 1: Based on the formula we applied, we are going to use 6

classes, hence, we have six rows.
Class Limits Class Boundaries Class Midpoint Frequency Cumulative
Frequency
SOLUTION:
Step 2: Compute for the class width (CW) or class interval (CI)
range highest value−lowest value
CW = =
no.of classes (K) no.of classes (K)
52 − 21 31
CW = = = 5.167
6 6
Round up the answer in case of remainder, so, the class width
becomes 5.167 ≈ 6.
SOLUTION:

Highest value in the data set

Lowest value in the data set
SOLUTION:

Step 3: Get the class limits. Since there are 6 classes so there
will be 6 class limits. The starting point of the first class is the
lowest value in the data set
Class Limits Class Boundaries Class Midpoint Frequency Cumulative
Frequency
21
SOLUTION:

Step 3: Add the class width/interval to the lowest value taken

as the starting point to get the lower limit of the next class.
Keep adding until all the classes are filled. (CW = 6)
Class Limits Class Boundaries Class Midpoint Frequency Cumulative
Frequency
21
27
33
39
45
51
SOLUTION:

Step 3: Subtract one unit from the lower limit of the second
class to get the upper limit of the first class.
Class Limits Class Boundaries Class Midpoint Frequency Cumulative
Frequency
21 - 26
27
33
39
45
51
SOLUTION:

Step 3: Add the class width/interval to each upper limit to get

all the upper limits. (CW = 6)
Class Limits Class Boundaries Class Midpoint Frequency Cumulative
Frequency
21 - 26
27 – 32
33 – 38
39 – 44
45 – 50
51 - 56
SOLUTION:

Step 4: Get the class boundaries by subtracting 0.5 from each

lower class limit and adding 0.5 to each upper class limit (if
original data values and class limits are in whole numbers)
Class Limits Class Boundaries Class Midpoint Frequency Cumulative
Frequency
21 - 26 20.5 – 26.5
27 – 32 26.5 – 32.5
33 – 38 32.5 – 38.5
39 – 44 38.5 – 44.5
45 – 50 44.5 -50.5
51 - 56 50.5 – 56.5
SOLUTION:

Step 5: Compute for the class midpoint by getting the sum of the
lower class limit and upper class limit then dividing it by 2
Class Limits Class Boundaries Class Midpoint Frequency Cumulative
Frequency

21 - 26 20.5 – 26.5 (21+26)/2 = 23.5

27 – 32 26.5 – 32.5 (27+32)/2 = 29.5
33 – 38 32.5 – 38.5 (33+38)/2 = 35.5
39 – 44 38.5 – 44.5 (39+44)/2 = 41.5
45 – 50 44.5 -50.5 (45+50)/2 = 47.5
51 - 56 50.5 – 56.5 (51+56)/2 = 53.5
SOLUTION:

Step 5: Compute for the class midpoint by getting the sum of the
lower class limit and upper class limit then dividing it by 2
Class Limits Class Boundaries Class Midpoint Frequency Cumulative
Frequency

21 - 26 20.5 – 26.5 23.5

27 – 32 26.5 – 32.5 29.5
33 – 38 32.5 – 38.5 35.5
39 – 44 38.5 – 44.5 41.5
45 – 50 44.5 -50.5 47.5
51 - 56 50.5 – 56.5 53.5
SOLUTION:

Step 6: Count the frequency for each class by counting how

many data values in the data set belong to each class
Class Limits Class Boundaries Class Midpoint Frequency Cumulative
Frequency

21 - 26 20.5 – 26.5 23.5

27 – 32 26.5 – 32.5 29.5
33 – 38 32.5 – 38.5 35.5
39 – 44 38.5 – 44.5 41.5
45 – 50 44.5 -50.5 47.5
51 - 56 50.5 – 56.5 53.5
SOLUTION:

▪ For 21-26: 5 data values

SOLUTION:

Step 6: Count the frequency for each class by counting how

many data values in the data set belong to each class
Class Limits Class Boundaries Class Midpoint Frequency Cumulative
Frequency

21 - 26 20.5 – 26.5 23.5 5

27 – 32 26.5 – 32.5 29.5
33 – 38 32.5 – 38.5 35.5
39 – 44 38.5 – 44.5 41.5
45 – 50 44.5 -50.5 47.5
51 - 56 50.5 – 56.5 53.5
SOLUTION:

▪ For 27-32: 6 data values

SOLUTION:

Step 6: Count the frequency for each class by counting how

many data values in the data set belong to each class
Class Limits Class Boundaries Class Midpoint Frequency Cumulative
Frequency

21 - 26 20.5 – 26.5 23.5 5

27 – 32 26.5 – 32.5 29.5 6
33 – 38 32.5 – 38.5 35.5
39 – 44 38.5 – 44.5 41.5
45 – 50 44.5 -50.5 47.5
51 - 56 50.5 – 56.5 53.5
SOLUTION:

▪ For 33-38: 7 data values

SOLUTION:

Step 6: Count the frequency for each class by counting how

many data values in the data set belong to each class
Class Limits Class Boundaries Class Midpoint Frequency Cumulative
Frequency

21 - 26 20.5 – 26.5 23.5 5

27 – 32 26.5 – 32.5 29.5 6
33 – 38 32.5 – 38.5 35.5 7
39 – 44 38.5 – 44.5 41.5
45 – 50 44.5 -50.5 47.5
51 - 56 50.5 – 56.5 53.5
SOLUTION:

▪ For 39-44: 3 data values

SOLUTION:

Step 6: Count the frequency for each class by counting how

many data values in the data set belong to each class
Class Limits Class Boundaries Class Midpoint Frequency Cumulative
Frequency

21 - 26 20.5 – 26.5 23.5 5

27 – 32 26.5 – 32.5 29.5 6
33 – 38 32.5 – 38.5 35.5 7
39 – 44 38.5 – 44.5 41.5 3
45 – 50 44.5 -50.5 47.5
51 - 56 50.5 – 56.5 53.5
SOLUTION:

▪ For 45-50: 6 data values

SOLUTION:

Step 6: Count the frequency for each class by counting how

many data values in the data set belong to each class
Class Limits Class Boundaries Class Midpoint Frequency Cumulative
Frequency

21 - 26 20.5 – 26.5 23.5 5

27 – 32 26.5 – 32.5 29.5 6
33 – 38 32.5 – 38.5 35.5 7
39 – 44 38.5 – 44.5 41.5 3
45 – 50 44.5 -50.5 47.5 6
51 - 56 50.5 – 56.5 53.5
SOLUTION:

▪ For 51-56: 3 data values

SOLUTION:

Step 6: Count the frequency for each class by counting how

many data values in the data set belong to each class
Class Limits Class Boundaries Class Midpoint Frequency Cumulative
Frequency

21 - 26 20.5 – 26.5 23.5 5

27 – 32 26.5 – 32.5 29.5 6
33 – 38 32.5 – 38.5 35.5 7
39 – 44 38.5 – 44.5 41.5 3
45 – 50 44.5 -50.5 47.5 6
51 - 56 50.5 – 56.5 53.5 3
SOLUTION:

Step 7: Count the cumulative frequency for each class by adding the
cumulative frequency of the class below to the frequency of the given class.
Class Limits Class Boundaries Class Midpoint Frequency Cumulative
Frequency

21 - 26 20.5 – 26.5 23.5 5 5

27 – 32 26.5 – 32.5 29.5 6 11
33 – 38 32.5 – 38.5 35.5 7 18
39 – 44 38.5 – 44.5 41.5 3 21
45 – 50 44.5 -50.5 47.5 6 27
51 - 56 50.5 – 56.5 53.5 3 30
SOLUTION:

FINAL ANSWER: (To check if your answer is correct, the last entry in the
cumulative frequency should be equal to total no. of values N in the dataset)
Class Limits0 Class Boundaries Class Midpoint Frequency Cumulative
Frequency

21 - 26 20.5 – 26.5 23.5 5 5

27 – 32 26.5 – 32.5 29.5 6 11
33 – 38 32.5 – 38.5 35.5 7 18
39 – 44 38.5 – 44.5 41.5 3 21
45 – 50 44.5 -50.5 47.5 6 27
51 - 56 50.5 – 56.5 53.5 3 30
EXAMPLE #2:

▪ The state gas tax in cents per gallon for 25 states is given
below. Construct a grouped frequency distribution.
7.5 16.0 23.5 17.0 22.0
21.5 19.0 20.0 27.1 20.0
22.0 20.7 17.0 28.0 20.0
23.0 18.5 25.3 24.0 31.0
14.5 25.9 18.0 30.0 31.5
SOLUTION:

Step 1: Determine number of classes using the formula:

𝐾 = 1 + 3.322𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑁
Since the total number of data values is 𝑁 = 25, 𝐾 = 1 +
3.322𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑁 will become
𝐾 = 1 + 3.322𝑙𝑜𝑔25
𝐾 = 1 + 3.322(1.398)
𝐾 = 1 + 4.644
𝐾 = 5.644 or 6 classes
SOLUTION:

Step 1: Based on the formula we applied, we are going to use 6

classes, hence, we have six rows.
Class Limits Class Boundaries Class Midpoint Frequency Cumulative
Frequency
SOLUTION:

Step 2: Compute for the class width (CW) or class interval (CI)
range highest value−lowest value
CW = =
no.of classes (K) no.of classes (K)
31.5 − 7.5 24
CW = = =4
6 6
Since there is no remainder, add an extra class to ensure all
data are accommodated. Hence, class width is 4+1=5
SOLUTION:

7.5 16.0 23.5 17.0 22.0

21.5 19.0 20.0 27.1 20.0
22.0 20.7 17.0 28.0 20.0
23.0 18.5 25.3 24.0 31.0
14.5 25.9 18.0 30.0 31.5

Lowest value in the data set Highest value in the data set
SOLUTION:

Step 3: Get the class limits. Since there are 6 classes so there
will be 6 class limits. The starting point of the first class is the
lowest value in the data set
Class Limits Class Boundaries Class Midpoint Frequency Cumulative
Frequency
7.5
SOLUTION:

Step 3: Add the class width/interval to the lowest value taken

as the starting point to get the lower limit of the next class.
Keep adding until all the classes are filled. (CW = 5)
Class Limits Class Boundaries Class Midpoint Frequency Cumulative
Frequency
7.5
12.5
17.5
22.5
27.5
32.5
SOLUTION:

Step 3: Subtract 0.1 from the lower limit of the second class to
get the upper limit of the first class (if the original data are in
tenths)
Class Limits Class Boundaries Class Midpoint Frequency Cumulative
Frequency
7.5 – 12.4
12.5
17.5
22.5
27.5
32.5
SOLUTION:

Step 3: Add the class width/interval to each upper limit to get

all the upper limits. (CW = 5)
Class Limits Class Boundaries Class Midpoint Frequency Cumulative
Frequency
7.5 – 12.4
12.5 – 17.4
17.5 – 22.4
22.5 – 27.4
27.5 – 32.4
32.5 – 37.4
SOLUTION:

Step 4: Get the class boundaries by subtracting 0.05 from each

lower class limit and adding 0.05 to each upper class limit (if
original data values and class limits are in tenths)
Class Limits Class Boundaries Class Midpoint Frequency Cumulative
Frequency
7.5 – 12.4 7.45 – 12.45
12.5 – 17.4 12.45 – 17.45
17.5 – 22.4 17.45 – 22.45
22.5 – 27.4 22.45 – 27.45
27.5 – 32.4 27.45 – 32.45
32.5 – 37.4 32.45 – 37.45
SOLUTION:

Step 5: Compute for the class midpoint by getting the sum of the
lower class limit and upper class limit then dividing it by 2
Class Limits Class Boundaries Class Midpoint Frequency Cumulative
Frequency

7.5 – 12.4 7.45 – 12.45 (7.5+12.4)/2 = 9.95

12.5 – 17.4 12.45 – 17.45 (12.5+17.4)/2 = 14.95
17.5 – 22.4 17.45 – 22.45 (17.5+22.4)/2 = 19.95
22.5 – 27.4 22.45 – 27.45 (22.5+27.4)/2 = 24.95
27.5 – 32.4 27.45 – 32.45 (27.5+32.4)/2 = 29.95
32.5 – 37.4 32.45 – 37.45 (32.5+37.4)/2 = 34.95
SOLUTION:

Step 5: Compute for the class midpoint by getting the sum of the
lower class limit and upper class limit then dividing it by 2
Class Limits Class Boundaries Class Midpoint Frequency Cumulative
Frequency

7.5 – 12.4 7.45 – 12.45 9.95

12.5 – 17.4 12.45 – 17.45 14.95
17.5 – 22.4 17.45 – 22.45 19.95
22.5 – 27.4 22.45 – 27.45 24.95
27.5 – 32.4 27.45 – 32.45 29.95
32.5 – 37.4 32.45 – 37.45 34.95
SOLUTION:

Step 6: Count the frequency for each class by counting how

many data values in the data set belong to each class
Class Limits Class Boundaries Class Midpoint Frequency Cumulative
Frequency

7.5 – 12.4 7.45 – 12.45 9.95 1

12.5 – 17.4 12.45 – 17.45 14.95 4
17.5 – 22.4 17.45 – 22.45 19.95 10
22.5 – 27.4 22.45 – 27.45 24.95 6
27.5 – 32.4 27.45 – 32.45 29.95 4
32.5 – 37.4 32.45 – 37.45 34.95 0
SOLUTION:

Step 7: Count the cumulative frequency for each class by adding the
cumulative frequency of the class below to the frequency of the given class.
Class Limits Class Boundaries Class Midpoint Frequency Cumulative
Frequency

7.5 – 12.4 7.45 – 12.45 9.95 1 1

12.5 – 17.4 12.45 – 17.45 14.95 4 5
17.5 – 22.4 17.45 – 22.45 19.95 10 15
22.5 – 27.4 22.45 – 27.45 24.95 6 21
27.5 – 32.4 27.45 – 32.45 29.95 4 25
32.5 – 37.4 32.45 – 37.45 34.95 0 25
SOLUTION:

Since the last class has zero frequency, we can remove this class.

Class Limits Class Boundaries Class Midpoint Frequency Cumulative

Frequency

7.5 – 12.4 7.45 – 12.45 9.95 1 1

12.5 – 17.4 12.45 – 17.45 14.95 4 5
17.5 – 22.4 17.45 – 22.45 19.95 10 15
22.5 – 27.4 22.45 – 27.45 24.95 6 21
27.5 – 32.4 27.45 – 32.45 29.95 4 25
32.5 – 37.4 32.45 – 37.45 34.95 0 25
SOLUTION:

FINAL ANSWER: (Observe that the last entry in cumulative frequency is equal
to the total number of data values in the data set)
Class Limits Class Boundaries Class Midpoint Frequency Cumulative
Frequency

7.5 – 12.4 7.45 – 12.45 9.95 1 1

12.5 – 17.4 12.45 – 17.45 14.95 4 5
17.5 – 22.4 17.45 – 22.45 19.95 10 15
22.5 – 27.4 22.45 – 27.45 24.95 6 21
27.5 – 32.4 27.45 – 32.45 29.95 4 25