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ENGR2000 Tutorial A05 Problems

This document contains 5 tutorial problems related to fluid mechanics and the Bernoulli equation. Problem 1 asks about the maximum flow rate in a pipeline containing a Venturi meter before cavitation occurs. Problem 2 involves calculating the pressure at the inlet of a pipe given the flow from a fan into a duct. Problem 3 asks about static pressures at different points in a radial sprayer head. Problem 4 involves calculating the mass flow rate of air exiting a Y-shaped pipe based on manometer readings of the jet velocities. Problem 5 demonstrates how to use the Bernoulli equation and conservation of mass to derive an equation for flow rate down a channel controlled by a sluice gate based on upstream and downstream water depths.

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UD Athukorala
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104 views3 pages

ENGR2000 Tutorial A05 Problems

This document contains 5 tutorial problems related to fluid mechanics and the Bernoulli equation. Problem 1 asks about the maximum flow rate in a pipeline containing a Venturi meter before cavitation occurs. Problem 2 involves calculating the pressure at the inlet of a pipe given the flow from a fan into a duct. Problem 3 asks about static pressures at different points in a radial sprayer head. Problem 4 involves calculating the mass flow rate of air exiting a Y-shaped pipe based on manometer readings of the jet velocities. Problem 5 demonstrates how to use the Bernoulli equation and conservation of mass to derive an equation for flow rate down a channel controlled by a sluice gate based on upstream and downstream water depths.

Uploaded by

UD Athukorala
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Faculty of Science & Engineering, Curtin University of Technology

ENGR2000: FLUID MECHANICS


For Chemical, Petroleum, Civil & Mechanical Engineering

TUTORIAL SHEET 5:
(The Bernoulli Equation)

(For ease of calculation, take the density of water to be 1000 kg/m3 and, where necessary, air to be
1.2 kg/m3 . Take gravitational acceleration to have the value 9.81 m/s2 and atmospheric pressure to
be 1.0 x 10 5 N/m2 )

1 A pipeline of 150 mm diameter carries water and contains a Venturi meter with a throat diameter
of 75 mm as shown in Fig. 1. The static pressure in the pipe just upstream of the meter is
maintained at 0.4 N/mm2 .
At very low pressures water changes phase to water vapour (it effectively ‘boils’) - this phe-
nomenon (at ordinary temperatures) is called cavitation. In the set up of Fig. 1, it is most likely
to occur where the flow speed is fastest, i.e. at the throat of the Venturi meter.
If the vapour pressure of water is 0.002 N/mm2 then what is the greatest volumetric flow rate
which can occur without producing cavitation?

Figure 1
[Ans. 129 litres/s]

1
2 A 0.3 m diameter fan is supplying 2 m3 /s of air to a 0.6 m diameter pipe by means of a duct
shown in Fig. 2. A manometer connected across the fan indicates a pressure rise equivalent
to 50 mm of water. Assuming that the circumferential component of the velocity downstream
of the fan is negligible, calculate the pressure at the entry to the 0.6 m diameter pipe. [Hint:
Apply the Bernoulli equation along a horizontal streamline from outside to just upstream of the
fan and then, separately, from just downstream of the fan to the 0.6 m diameter section.]

Figure 2
[Ans. 460 N/m2 above atmospheric]

3 Water is flowing in the sprayer head shown in Fig. 3. Assuming that the flow between the discs
is purely radial calculate the static heads at A, B, C and D. Note that the flow discharges to
atmosphere and ignore gravitational effects.

Figure 3
[Ans. At: D, 0 m (i.e. atmospheric); C, -1.84 m; B, +0.64 m; A, +0.339 m]

2
4 Air is discharged to atmosphere from a pipe of large diameter through the Y-shaped outlet
shown in Fig. 4. One branch leads to a jet of 50 mm diameter and the other to a jet of 25 mm
diameter.
As a reasonable approximation, the speed in the large diameter feed pipe can be ignored in
comparison to the speeds of the two jets and, for air, gravitational effects can be ignored.
Using these assumptions, calculate the mass flow rate when the manometer reads 150 mm of
water by first finding the air speed of the two jets.

Figure 4
[Ans. 0.147 kg/s]

5 Water flows under a sluice gate as shown in Fig. 5. Neglect viscous effects and assume steady
flow.

Figure 5

(a) Consider a streamline from the surface of the upstream flow to the surface of the down-
stream flow. Use both the Bernoulli equation and mass conservation to find the upstream
flow speed and thereby show that the volumetric flow rate (per unit width) down the water
channel is given by
1
2gh22 h21 2

Q=
h1 + h2
(b) Repeat the exercise but this time use a streamline that follows the bed of the water channel
from upstream to downstream of the sluice gate.
This question shows that a sluice gate can be used to control the flow rate in a channel and how
the flow rate can be estimated - by simply measuring h1 and h2 .

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