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Assignment 2 - CE2040

This document contains 10 questions related to hydraulic engineering concepts. Question 1 asks to derive formulas for dimensions d2 and d3 of a liquid jet impinging on a horizontal floor. Question 2 asks to calculate forces measured by scales A and B for a water jet discharging from an upper tank. Question 3 asks to calculate forces required to hold a "black sphere" in place for liquid flowing through it.

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138 views4 pages

Assignment 2 - CE2040

This document contains 10 questions related to hydraulic engineering concepts. Question 1 asks to derive formulas for dimensions d2 and d3 of a liquid jet impinging on a horizontal floor. Question 2 asks to calculate forces measured by scales A and B for a water jet discharging from an upper tank. Question 3 asks to calculate forces required to hold a "black sphere" in place for liquid flowing through it.

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Ash
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CE 2040 – HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING

ASSIGNMENT 2: 6th September 2021


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1. This two-dimensional liquid jet impinges on the horizontal floor. Derive formulas for d2 and d3 as functions of
b1 and θ. Assume that the jet speed is large enough to cause the gravitational effects to be nil. Also assume that
the speed of the liquid is the same at sections 1, 2, and 3.

Figure-1

ANSWAER: d3 = (b/2)*(1+cos theta)

2. A jet of water is discharging at a constant rate of 0.06 m3/s from the upper tank (Fig. 2). If the jet diameter at
section 1 is 10 cm, what forces will be measured by scales A and B? Assume the empty tank weighs 1335 N, the
cross-sectional area of the tank is 0.37 m2, h= 30 cm, and H =2.74 m. (density of water at 60°F = 983.2 kg/m3)
[Ans: 2837.43 N, 450.7 N]

Figure 2

3. Liquid (specific gravity = 1.6) enters the “black sphere” through a 5 cm pipe with a velocity of 8 m/s and a
pressure of 350 kPa. It leaves the sphere through two jets as shown in Fig. 3. The velocity in the top jet is 25 m/s,
and its diameter is 25 mm. The other jet’s diameter is also 25 mm. What force through the 5 cm pipe wall is
required in x- and y-directions to hold the sphere in place? Assume the sphere plus liquid inside it weighs 550 N.
[Ans: 19.6 N, -115.58 N]
Figure 3

4. A water jet pump has jet area 0.01 m2 and jet speed 30 m/s. The jet is within a secondary stream of water
having a speed Vs = 3 m/s. The total area of the duct (the sum of the jet and secondary stream areas) is 0.075 m2.
The water is thoroughly mixed and leaves the jet pump in a uniform stream. The pressure of the jet and
secondary stream are the same at the pump inlet. Determine the speed at the pump exit (At 2 in Fig. 4) and the
pressure rise p1 – p2.

Fig. 4
5. For the weird nozzle shown in Fig. 5, what force would have to be applied through the bolts in the flange to
hold the nozzle in place? Assume Bernoulli equation is applicable between any set of two points. Water is
flowing and the nozzle itself weighs 200 N. The assembly is in a vertical plane.

Fig. 5

6. Consider one-dimensional flow in an open-channel with an irregular cross section. Derive the differential
equation depicting the conservation of mass principle for unsteady flow in this channel. Note that the boundary
of the channel is porous and the average velocity of water escaping through the boundaries is proportional to
flow depth .

7. The pipe has a 180° horizontal bend in it as shown, and D is 20 cm. The discharge of water in the pipe and
bend is 0.80 m3/s and the pressure in the pipe and bend is 60 kPa gage. What horizontal force should be applied
at the flanges to hold the bend in place?
Fig. 7

8. Water discharges over a weir into a channel having the same width. It is observed that a region of still water
backs up to a height a at the back of the weir as shown. Assuming that the water discharges horizontally over the
weir and that the pressure variation at AB and CD are hydrostatic, obtain “a” in terms of V, h, and h0. Neglect
frictional stresses. Also take the pressure across PQ as atmospheric.

Fig. 8
9. A tank has a hole in the bottom with a cross-sectional area of 0.0025 m2 and an inlet line on the side with a
cross-sectional area of 0.0025 m2, as shown. The cross-sectional area of the tank is 0.1 m2. The velocity of the

liquid flowing out the bottom hole is 2gh , where h is the height of the water surface in the tank above the
outlet. At a certain time the surface level in the tank is 1 m and rising at the rate of 0.1 cm/s. The liquid is
incompressible. Find the velocity of the liquid through the inlet.

Fig. 9
10. Water stands in these tubes as shown when no rotation occurs. Derive a formula for the angular
speed at which water will just begin to spill out of the small tube when the entire system is rotated
about axis A-A.

Fig. 10 [Ans: ]

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