Scribd
Upload
138 views8 pages

Assignment 1 Solutions - CE2040

1. The document discusses seven problems related to fluid mechanics and hydraulics. The problems involve calculating shear stress between parallel plates, viscosity using a concentric cylinder viscometer, shear stress on a rotating disk, pressure differences in inclined pipes, air compression in a diving bell, torque required to open a rectangular gate, forces on a hinged solid cylinder gate, and calculating the width of a triangular gate in equilibrium. 2. The problems require using concepts such as laminar flow profiles, velocity gradients, shear stress, torque, pressure, buoyancy, hydrostatic forces, and static equilibrium to solve for unknown values like viscosity, shear stress, pressure differences, air compression, torque, forces and widths.

Uploaded by

Ash
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
138 views8 pages

Assignment 1 Solutions - CE2040

1. The document discusses seven problems related to fluid mechanics and hydraulics. The problems involve calculating shear stress between parallel plates, viscosity using a concentric cylinder viscometer, shear stress on a rotating disk, pressure differences in inclined pipes, air compression in a diving bell, torque required to open a rectangular gate, forces on a hinged solid cylinder gate, and calculating the width of a triangular gate in equilibrium. 2. The problems require using concepts such as laminar flow profiles, velocity gradients, shear stress, torque, pressure, buoyancy, hydrostatic forces, and static equilibrium to solve for unknown values like viscosity, shear stress, pressure differences, air compression, torque, forces and widths.

Uploaded by

Ash
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 8

CE 2040 – HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING

ASSIGNMENT 1
August 28th 2020 : Discussion on 2nd September 2020

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. The velocity distribution for laminar flow between parallel plates is given by u/umax = 1-(2y/h)2,
where h is the distance separating the plates and origin is placed midway between the plates.
Consider a flow of water at 150 C (µ=1.14 x 10-3 N.s/m2) with umax= 0.30 m/s and h = 0.50 mm.
Calculate the shear stress on the upper plate and give its direction.

Hint:

Evaluate the velocity gradient at upper plate i.e., @ y = h/2

Now put all the values and get the shear stress = -2.736×10-3 N/m2

Shear stress on the fluid will be shown as

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. A concentric cylinder viscometer may be formed by rotating the inner member of a pair of closely
fitting cylinders (refer Fig. 2). For small clearances a linear velocity profile may be assumed in the
liquid filling the annular clearance gap. A viscometer has an inner cylinder of 75 mm diameter and
150 mm height, with a clearance gap width of 0.02 mm. A torque of 0.021 N.m is required to turn
the inner cylinder at 100 rev/min. Determine the viscosity of the liquid in the clearance gap of
viscometer.

Velocity at inner cylinder = ωR


Velocity at outer cylinder = 0
Gap = a
Velocity gradient = ωR/a
Shear stress on inner cylinder = (μωR)/a
Shear force = shear stress x Contact area = [(μωR)/a](2πRH)
Torque = Shear force x distance = [(μωR)/a](2πRH)(R)

Torque =

In the above equation all values are known except the viscosity value and so it can be calculated.
3. The device shown consists of a disk that is rotated by a shaft. The disk is positioned very close to a
solid boundary. Between the disk and boundary is viscous oil (Fig. 3)
(a) If the disk is rotated at a rate of 1 rad/s, what will be the ratio of the shear stress
in the oil at r = 2 cm to the shear stress at r = 3 cm?
(b) If the rate of rotation is 2 rad/s, what is the speed of the oil in contact with the disk at r
= 3 cm?
(c) If the oil viscosity is 0.01 N.s/m2 and spacing is 2 mm, what is the shear stress for the
condition in (b)?

Hint:

Consider a radial distance r from the shaft on the disk


Velocity = ωr at the upper plate

Velocity = 0 at the lower plate


Velocity gradient = ωr/y
Shear stress = μωr/y
Shear force on a concentric circular strip (shown) = μωr/y. (2πr.dr)
Torque on the shaft from this force on strip = μωr/y. (2πr.dr). r
Total torque = integral of this term from 0 to D/2
4. Water flows steadily down the inclined pipe as indicated in Fig. 4. Determine the difference in
pressure p1-p2 ,

Hint:

h1 – h2 = Elevation difference between 1 and 2 = 1.5 sin30o = 0.75 m.


Δh = 0.15 m
γm = unit weight of mercury
γf = unit weight of water
5. A diving bell is idealized as a cylinder of length L closed at one end, as shown in Fig. 5. At sea level
it is full of air. As it sinks the air is compressed and the water rises into the bell to a height h. Derive a
relation between h and the depth H if the compression of air is assumed isothermal. Simplify for L <<
H.

Original volume of air = A. L ( A = Area of cross section of bell)

Final volume of air in the bell = A. (L-h)

Ideal gas law:

Pressure x volume = constant

P1 . (A.L) = P2. (L-h)A Patm. L = P2. (L-h)

But P2 = patm + ρg(H-h)

Patm. L = (L-h).[ patm + ρg(H)]


6. If the rectangular gate shown is attached to a horizontal shaft at its midpoint, what torque would
have to be applied to the shaft to open the gate. The dimensions are l = 5m and the rectangular
conduit and gate are both 4 m wide.

Pressure at centroid =

Force = pressure at centroid x (area of plate) =

Distance between centroid and Cp =

Torque to be applied =
7. A long solid cylinder of radius 0.8 m hinged at point A is used as an automatic gate, as shown in
Fig. 7. When the water level reaches 5 m, the gate opens by turning about the hinge at point A.
Determine (a) the hydrostatic force acting on the cylinder and its line of action when the gate opens
and (b) the weight of the cylinder per m length of the cylinder.

Hint:
Horizontal force
Pressure at centroid of vertical projection = γ.[5+0.4]

Horizontal Force = γ.[5+0.4][0.8]


Find the center of pressure for this horizontal component

Vertical force will be Weight of water standing directly above the quarter of a circular arc =

Vertical force = W1 (wt of water shown in the red part) + W2 (wt of water shown in green quarter
of circle part)

Find out the lines of action for these forces w.r.t point A

Take the moments of all forces i.e., the horizontal pressure force; W1, W2 and the weight of
cylinder around point A and equate it to zero
8. A gate of mass 2000 kg is mounted on a frictionless hinge along the lower edge (Fig. 8). The length
of the reservoir and gate (perpendicular to the plane of view) is 8 m. For the equilibrium conditions
shown, compute the width, b, of the gate.

Fig. 8

Pressure at centroid = γ. (0.5)


Pressure force = 0.5γ (8 x 1/sin 30) = 8.γ

This acts at (1/3)/(sin 30) from hinge = 2/3

Wt of gate acts at a distance of (b/2).cos 30

So: 8γ. (2/3) = (b/2).cos 30 x 2000 x 9.81

Calculate b

You might also like