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    Topic02 Lec08 4th

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    dr.shamima afrin
    The document discusses gas chromatography and its practical requirements and applications. It describes the basic components needed for gas chromatography like carrier gases, columns, detectors, and temperature control devices. It explains key concepts such as void time and retention volume. Specific detectors are explained in more detail, including the flame ionization detector. Finally, some advantages and applications of gas chromatography are highlighted.

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    Topic02 Lec08 4th

    Uploaded by

    dr.shamima afrin
    31 views22 pages
    The document discusses gas chromatography and its practical requirements and applications. It describes the basic components needed for gas chromatography like carrier gases, columns, detectors, and temperature control devices. It explains key concepts such as void time and retention volume. Specific detectors are explained in more detail, including the flame ionization detector. Finally, some advantages and applications of gas chromatography are highlighted.

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    The document discusses gas chromatography and its practical requirements and applications. It describes the basic components needed for gas chromatography like carrier gases, columns, detectors, and temperature control devices. It explains key concepts such as void time and retention volume. Specific detectors are explained in more detail, including the flame ionization detector. Finally, some advantages and applications of gas chromatography are highlighted.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    31 views22 pages

    Topic02 Lec08 4th

    Uploaded by

    dr.shamima afrin
    The document discusses gas chromatography and its practical requirements and applications. It describes the basic components needed for gas chromatography like carrier gases, columns, detectors, and temperature control devices. It explains key concepts such as void time and retention volume. Specific detectors are explained in more detail, including the flame ionization detector. Finally, some advantages and applications of gas chromatography are highlighted.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 22

    Dr.

    Abdur Rahim
    M.Sc(DU) M.Phil(BUET) Ph.D(Tohoku University, Japan)
    BCS(Education)

    Associate Professor
    Dept. of Chemistry
    College of Home Economics
    Azimpur, Dhaka-1205
    Email : [email protected]
    GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY
    PRACTICAL REQUIREMENTS
    • Carrier gas
    • Flow regulators & Flow meters
    • Injection devices
    • Columns
    • Temperature control devices
    • Detectors
    • Recorders & Integrators
    Retention volume & Retention time
    Retention volume & Retention time
    Void time: Because these solutes do not
    interact with the stationary phase, they
    move through the column at the same rate
    as the mobile phase. The time required to
    elute nonretained solutes is called the
    column's void time, tm.

    Void time
    Retention volume & Retention time

    (A, B & C)

    B
    C
    A

    A B C
    Retention volume & Retention time
    GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY

    Carrier gases in gas chromatography are


    used to move the solutes through the
    column. Helium, hydrogen and nitrogen are
    the most widely used as carrier gases.
    GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY
    Requirements of a carrier gas

    Inertness
    Suitable for the detector
    High purity
    Easily available
    Cheap
    Should not cause the risk of fire
    Should give best column performance
    GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY
    CARRIER GAS
    ≫ Hydrogen
    better thermal conductivity
    disadvantage: it reacts with unsaturated
    compounds & inflammable
    ≫ Helium
    excellent thermal conductivity
    it is expensive
    ≫ Nitrogen
    reduced sensitivity
    it is inexpensive
    GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY
    CHARATERISTICS OF DETECTORS

    Heart of the apparatus. The requirements of an


    ideal detector are-
    Applicability to wide range of samples
    Rapidity
    High sensitivity
    Linearity
    Response should be unaffected by
    temperature, flow rate…
    Non destructive
    Simple & inexpensive
    Flame Ionization Detector(FID)
    Destructive detector
    The effluent from the column is mixed
    with H & air, and ignited.
    Organic compounds burning in the flame
    produce ions and electrons, which can
    conduct electricity through the flame.
    A large electrical potential is applied at the
    burner tip
    The ions collected on collector or electrode
    and were recorded on recorder due to
    electric current.
    Flame Ionization Detector
    Flame Ionization Detector
    Flame Ionization Detector
    Flame Ionization Detector

    ADVANTAGES:
    • μg quantities of the solute can be
    detected
    • Stable
    • Responds to most of the organic
    compounds
    • Linearity is excellent
    DISADVANTAGE: destroy the sample
    GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY
    Chromatographic Analysis

    – The number of components in a sample is

    determined by the number of peaks.

    – The amount of a given component in a

    sample is determined by the area under

    the peaks.

    – The identity of components can be

    determined by the given retention times.


    ADVANTAGES OF

    Very high resolution power, complex mixtures can be resolved


    into its components by this method.
    Very high sensitivity with, TCD(Thermal conductivity detector)
    detect down to 100 ppm
    It is a micro method, small sample size is required
    Fast analysis is possible, gas as moving phase- rapid equilibrium
    Relatively good precision & accuracy
    Qualitative & quantitative analysis is possible
     Good detection system
     Short time is needed for analysis
    Applications of

    • G.C is capable of separating, detecting &

    partially characterizing the organic

    compounds,particularly when present in

    small quantities.

    1. Qualitative analysis Rt & RV are used for

    the identification & separation


    Applications of

    2. Checking the purity of a compound Compare

    the chromatogram of the std. & that of the

    sample

    3. Quantitative analysis It is necessary to

    measure the peak area or peak height of

    each component
    Applications of
    Contd ……

    4. Used for analysis of drugs & their metabolites


    5. Dairy product analysis-rancidity
    6. Separation & identification of volatile
    materials, plastics, natural & synthetic
    polymers, paints and microbiological
    samples.
    7. Pollutants like formaldehyde, carbon
    monoxide, benzene & DDT

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