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Database Models

This document discusses different database models including conceptual models, hierarchical, network, relational, entity relationship, and object-oriented models. It provides details on their key characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages. The relational model is now dominant with advantages like structural independence and easy querying with SQL. Newer models like entity relationship and object-oriented aim to incorporate more semantic meaning but have disadvantages around complexity and performance.

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29 views15 pages

Database Models

This document discusses different database models including conceptual models, hierarchical, network, relational, entity relationship, and object-oriented models. It provides details on their key characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages. The relational model is now dominant with advantages like structural independence and easy querying with SQL. Newer models like entity relationship and object-oriented aim to incorporate more semantic meaning but have disadvantages around complexity and performance.

Uploaded by

alfi taki
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1

Database Models
•  Collection of logical constructs used to represent
data structure and relationships within the
database
–  Conceptual models: logical nature of data
representation
–  Implementation models: emphasis on how the data
are represented in the database

Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 5th Edition, Rob & Coronel 1
1

Database Models (con’t.)


•  Relationships in Conceptual Models
–  One-to-one (1:1)
–  One-to-many (1:M)
–  Many-to-many (M:N)
•  Implementation Database Models
–  Hierarchical
–  Network
–  Relational

Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 5th Edition, Rob & Coronel 2
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Hierarchical Database Model


•  Logically represented by an upside down tree
–  Each parent can have many children
–  Each child has only one parent

Figure 1.8

Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 5th Edition, Rob & Coronel 3
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Hierarchical Database Model


•  Advantages
–  Conceptual simplicity
–  Database security and integrity
–  Data independence
–  Efficiency
•  Disadvantages
–  Complex implementation
–  Difficult to manage and lack of standards
–  Lacks structural independence
–  Applications programming and use complexity
–  Implementation limitations
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 5th Edition, Rob & Coronel 4
1

Network Database Model


•  Each record can have multiple parents
–  Composed of sets
–  Each set has owner record and member record
–  Member may have several owners

Figure 1.10

Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 5th Edition, Rob & Coronel 5
1

Network Database Model


•  Advantages
–  Conceptual simplicity
–  Handles more relationship types
–  Data access flexibility
–  Promotes database integrity
–  Data independence
–  Conformance to standards
•  Disadvantages
–  System complexity
–  Lack of structural independence

Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 5th Edition, Rob & Coronel 6
1

Relational Database Model

•  Perceived by user as a collection of tables for


data storage
•  Tables are a series of row/column intersections
•  Tables related by sharing common entity
characteristic(s)

Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 5th Edition, Rob & Coronel 7
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Relational Database Model (con’t.)

Figure 1.11

Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 5th Edition, Rob & Coronel 8
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Relational Database Model


•  Advantages
–  Structural independence
–  Improved conceptual simplicity
–  Easier database design, implementation,
management, and use
–  Ad hoc query capability with SQL
–  Powerful database management system

Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 5th Edition, Rob & Coronel 9
1

Relational Database Model


•  Disadvantages
–  Substantial hardware and system software
overhead
–  Poor design and implementation is made easy
–  May promote “islands of information” problems

Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 5th Edition, Rob & Coronel 10
1

Entity Relationship Database Model


•  Complements the relational data model concepts
•  Represented in an entity relationship diagram
(ERD)
•  Based on entities, attributes, and relationships

Figure 1.13

Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 5th Edition, Rob & Coronel 11
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Entity Relationship Database Model


•  Advantages
–  Exceptional conceptual simplicity
–  Visual representation
–  Effective communication tool
–  Integrated with the relational database model
•  Disadvantages
–  Limited constraint representation
–  Limited relationship representation
–  No data manipulation language
–  Loss of information content

Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 5th Edition, Rob & Coronel 12
1

Object-Oriented Database Model


•  Objects or abstractions of real-world entities are
stored
–  Attributes describe properties
–  Collection of similar objects is a class
•  Methods represent real world actions of classes
•  Classes are organized in a class hierarchy
–  Inheritance is ability of object to inherit attributes
and methods of classes above it

Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 5th Edition, Rob & Coronel 13
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OO Data Model
•  Advantages
–  Adds semantic content
–  Visual presentation includes semantic content
–  Database integrity
–  Both structural and data independence
•  Disadvantages
–  Lack of OODM
–  Complex navigational data access
–  Steep learning curve
–  High system overhead slows transactions

Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 5th Edition, Rob & Coronel 14
1

Database Models and the Internet


•  Characteristics of “Internet age” databases
–  Flexible, efficient, and secure Internet access
–  Easily used, developed, and supported
–  Supports complex data types and relationships
–  Seamless interfaces with multiple data sources
and structures
–  Simplicity of conceptual database model
–  Many database design, implementation, and
application development tools
–  Powerful DBMS GUI make DBA job easier

Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 5th Edition, Rob & Coronel 15

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