工業生產按比較優勢原則進行分工 Division of labor in industrial Production

according to the principle of comparative advantages

已發展國家﹕高技術﹐負責高增值工序/產品﹐經濟得益較多
Developed countries: high level of technology, responsible for high value-added
production processes/products, more economic benefits
發展中國家﹕低技術﹐負責低增值工序/產品﹐經濟得益較少 Developing countries:
low level of technology, responsible for low value-added production
processes/products, fewer economic benefits
Iphone 生產為例﹕產品設計/研發﹐由美國負責﹐賺取較高收入
外殼生產及組裝﹐由中國負責﹐賺取較低收入 Take an example of I-phone: product
design/R&D is done by the US, earn more profits; Case production and assembly is
done by China, earn fewer profits

樓市泡沫﹕樓價高於市民承擔水平。2003-2013 年﹐香港樓價上昇 3 倍﹐市民收

入只是增 30%。樓市泡沫爆破﹐負財富效應﹐消費減少﹐裁員/失業﹐經濟衰退 (信
心危機) Property bubble: Citizens cannot afford the high property prices. In
2003-2013, the property prices in HK have increased by 300%, but HK people’s
incomes have increased only by 30%. Property bubble bursts; negative wealth
effect; reduce in consumption; layoffs/unemployment; economic recession (crisis
of confidence)

為何美國政府補貼農業 Why does the US government subsidize agriculture﹕

如果美國不補貼農業->高生產成本(人工/土地價格)->美國不生產->依賴外國糧食
入口 (例如中國)->受到別國控制。國家安全受到嚴重威脅。美國政府通過向別國
輸出補貼農產品﹐控制別國 If the US does not subsidize agriculture  high
production costs (labor/land cost)  the US does not produce  rely on the
imports of foreign grain (e.g. China)  subject to the control of another country. It
poses a serious threat to the national security. The US government export
subsidized agricultural products to other countries to control them

1
美國﹕環境保護法律完善﹐工業生產技術較高﹐企業社會責任較強(教育水平高)﹐
因此美國工業生產過程所產生污染較少。中國則剛好相反
The US: complete and perfect environmental protection laws; higher industrial
production technology; strong corporate social responsibility (high levels of
education)  the industrial production process in the US is less polluting. China is
just the opposite

支持中國援助歐洲的論點﹕防止中國出口萎縮﹔防止中國投資損失﹔改善中國
國際形象 Arguments for China assisting Europe: prevent China’s exports from
dropping; prevent Chinese investment losses; improve China’s international image
反對中國援助歐洲的論點﹕中國國內面對急切問題(社會及教育)﹔援助措施的
預期成效較低﹔增加中國威脅論 Arguments against China assisting Europe: China
faces urgent domestic problems (social and education); measures are expected to
be ineffective; China threat theory

反駁(一)﹕一次性資源能以長期解決中國國內問題﹔援助歐洲可長期地增加中
國出口需求﹔長期利益 > 短期利益 Rebuttal (1): one-off resources can hardly
solve China’s domestic problems in the long run; aiding Europe can increase the
demand for Chinese exports in the long run; long-term benefits > short-term
benefits

反駁(二)﹕援助過程中可附加特別條款﹔要求各國減少福利開支﹐改善國家財
政﹔預期援助措施的成效很高﹐風險很低 Rebuttal (2): special terms can be
annexed during while aiding; requires countries to reduce welfare spending to
improve national finances; measures are expected to be effective with low risks

反駁(三)﹕中國的援助不附件苛刻條款(例如軍事及外交性質條款)﹔尋求國際組
織作為中間人﹐減少各國對中國的猜疑。整體而言﹐援助措施利大於弊
Rebuttal (3): China’s assistance does not annex harsh terms (e.g. terms of military
and diplomatic nature); seek international organizations to be the middleman and
reduce countries’ suspicions to China. Generally speaking, advantages of the
assistance measures outweigh the disadvantages

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(1) 2012 年廣東烏坎村事件﹔2011 年鐵路部部長劉志軍案件 Wukan protests in
Guangdong in 2012; scandal of Liu Zhijun, Minister of Railways of China, in 2011
(2) 2012 年中國第一艘航空母艦遼寧號建成﹔中國協調各國召開六方會談
Chinese first aircraft carrier Liaoning was built in 2012; China coordinated
countries and held the six-party talks
(3) 日本汽車品牌﹕本田﹐豐田﹐日產 Japanese automobile marques: Honda,
Toyota, Nissan﹔中國出口產品﹕成衣﹐食品﹐玩具 China’s exports: clothing,
food, toys

 釣魚島﹐日本稱為尖閣諸島
Diaoyu Islands, Japan calls them the Senkaku Islands
 2009 年 中國成為煤炭淨入口國
In 2009, China became a net importer of coal
 2010 年 中國石油入口佔消耗量 53.7% In 2010, China’s oil imports accounted
for 53.7% of its consumption
 2005 年 中國政府就人民幣匯率進行改革﹐2005-13 年﹐人民幣兌美元昇值
25% In 2005, Chinese government carried out a reform on the RMB exchange
rate. In 2005-13, RMB has a 25% appreciation against USD
 中國對美國出現貿易盈餘﹐美國對中國出現貿易赤字 China has a trade
surplus against the US. The US has a trade deficit against China
 人民幣昇值﹐美國將會減少購買中國產品﹐美國的貿易赤字得以改善 The
appreciation of RMB makes the US reduce purchasing Chinese products. The
US’ trade deficit will be improved

洗黑錢﹕中國與美國﹐加拿大﹐英國並無引渡條例﹐各國不信任中國司法
Laundering: There is no extradition ordinance between China and the US, Canada
and the UK. Countries do not trust China’s judiciary

國際性政府組織可如何解決國際問題 How can international governmental

organizations deal with international issues?
(1) 為各國提供溝通平臺 (聯合國) Provide a communication platform for
countries (United Nations)
(2) 扮演解決各國問題的調解人 (聯合特使) Act as a mediator who solves national
problems (UN envoy)

3
(3) 為各國制定國際合作的規則 (世界貿易組織) Set up rules of international
cooperation (World Trade Organization)
(4) 作為各國矛盾的仲裁者 (世界貿易組織) Act as an arbiter to settle
contradictions between countries (World Trade Organization)
(5) 監督各國執行國際條約/決議 (聯合國) Monitor countries to carry out
international treaties / resolutions (United Nations)

國際性政府組織的角色﹕(1)溝通平臺提供者﹔(2)調解者﹔(3)規則制定者﹔(4)仲
裁者﹔(5)監督者 Role of international governmental organizations: (1)
communication platform provider; (2) intermediator; (3) rule-maker; (4) arbiter; (5)
supervisor

4
速食文化(快餐文化)。中國飲食文化注重在就餐過程中人與人的交流。例如與家
人的團年飯﹔與朋輩的聯誼聚會﹔與客戶的商業談判 Fast food culture. Chinese
food culture focuses on interpersonal interactions during the meal, e.g. festive
dinner with family; gathering with peers; commercial meetings with clients

在美國麥當勞﹐客人平均就餐時間為 11 分鐘。在中國麥當勞﹐客人平均就餐時
間為 33 分鐘。在法國﹐法國人平均每天用在飲食的時間為﹕2 小時 22 分鐘。因
此法國人普遍不滿其悠閑生活模式被美國快餐文化所破壞 The average mealtime
per customer at McDonald’s in the US is 11 minutes while that in China is 33
minutes. In France, French spends 2 hours 22 minutes on meal every day on
average. Therefore, there is dissatisfaction among French as its easy lifestyle is
destroyed by American fast food culture

電影<唐山大地震>﹐注重人物描述﹐而非對抗大自然 The movie “Aftershock” put

the emphasis on the description of characters, rather than the confrontation with
nature
電影<活火熔城> <明日之後>﹐注重描述人類對抗大自然
The movie “Volcano” “The day after tomorrow”put the emphasis on people’s
confrontation with nature

阿拉伯聯合大公國杜拜境內﹕哈里發塔﹐高度為 828 米﹐是全球最高建築物

United Arab Emirates (Dubai): Khalifa Tower, 828m high, the world’s tallest building

為何不同年齡組群被西方文化影響程度不同 Why does Western culture influence

generations at different levels?
(1) 科技掌握程度不同﹕數碼鴻溝﹐年輕人接觸更多互聯網﹐電影 Mastery of
science and technology is different: The digital divide – young people have
more access to the Internet and movies
(2) 教育程度不同﹕年輕人較高教育程度﹐容易理解西方文化﹐例如電影﹐音樂
Education levels are different: Young people have higher education level and
can understand Western culture more easily, e.g. movies and music
(3) 思想開放程度不同﹕青少年較少傳統文化包袱﹐民族概念較為薄弱 Openness
of mind is different: Young people are less likely influenced by tradition culture
and their concept of nationality is relatively weak

5
(4) 潮流喜好程度不同﹕青少年容易受朋輩影響﹐炫耀心態﹐增獨特感 Fashion
and trends are different: Young people are susceptible to peer influence, to
show off and increase the sense of Selfhood

外來文化傳入是否會損害中國本土文化 Will the spread of foreign culture to China

destroy Chinese local culture?

2001 年北京故宮開設星巴克咖啡店﹐2007 年被批評損害中國傳統文化﹐被迫遷

出 In 2001, a Starbucks coffeehouse was opened in the Forbidden City in Beijing. In
2007, it was criticized for destroying Chinese traditional culture and was forced to
move out

2010 年﹐香港電影<歲月神偷>﹐在柏林影展獲獎 In 2010, HK movie “Echoes of the

Rainbow” was awarded in the Berlin International Film Festival

美國時代週刊﹕發行量 每星期 340 萬份﹔宣揚自由民主﹐時裝﹐飲食﹐節日等

不同西方文化。每年舉行“年度風雲人物選舉”(最有影響力人士)。2011 年﹐“示
威抗議者”獲選﹐鼓勵全世界人民爭取民主及自由 The American Time magazine:
circulation 3.4 million every week; promote western cultures like liberal democracy,
fashion, food and drink, festivals etc. The “Person of the Year election” (Most
influential person) is held annually. In 2011, “The Protestor” is elected, as to
encourage people in the world to fight for democracy and freedom

2012 年中國網民數量﹕6 億。香港網民人數﹕489 萬 Number of Chinese netizens in

2012: Six hundred million. Number of Hong Kong netizens: 4.89 million

2012 年中國文化產業總產值 4 萬億。2012 年全國電影票房收入 170 億﹐海外票

房 10 億人民幣。2006 年“墨攻”帶出防止戰爭﹐促進和平的信息 The gross output
value of Chinese cultural industry in 2012 is 4 trillion. In 2012, the domestic movie
box-office gross is 17 billion, and RMB 1 billion for overseas box-office gross. In
2006, “A Battle Of Wits” brings out the message of preventing war and promoting
peace

6
泰國﹕2013 年反對派發動社會運動﹐號召國民圍堵政府部門﹐要求總理英錄下
臺(受紅衫軍支持)。爆發嚴重警民衝突 Thailand: The anti-government
demonstrators launched a social movement in 2013 and called upon the citizens to
contain the compounds of government buildings. They called on the Prime Minister
Yingluck, who was supported by the Red Shirts, to resign. The demonstrators
clashed with police

2011 年﹐香港政府稅收 3748 億﹐財政盈餘 713 億。有能力推行政策/承擔開支

In 2011, the tax revenue in Hong Kong was $374.8 billion while the government
surplus was $71.3 billion. There was enough capital to implement the policy / bear
the expenses

政府應否在遇到市民反對下改變政策 Should the government change its policies

when there is public opposition﹖
支持論點﹕可減低政策阻力/減低對抗意識﹔防止社會對立/促進社會和諧﹔保
障各持份者利益﹐體現民主精神。以國民教育為例 (減少對政府不滿/防止支持
及反對陣形對立/減少社會憂慮﹐回應市民訴求) Supporting argument: Reduce
resistance to the policy / minimize the conscious of confrontation; Prevent social
antagonism / promote social harmony; Protect the interests of stakeholders and
embody democracy. E.g. Moral and National Education (reduce dissatisfaction with
the government / prevent the antagonism between two sides / reduce social
anxiety and respond to public demands)

反對論點﹕政府管治癱瘓(任何政策都不可能獲得 100%市民支持)﹔損害政府管
治威信﹔鼓勵市民以激烈方式反對政府政策﹐損社會穩定性﹔政策連貫性低﹐損
香港投資吸引力 Opposing argument: Governance paralysis (no policy can get
100% support from the public); Harm the prestige of the government; encourage
people to oppose government policies in intense ways, harm social stability; Low
coherence of government policies, reduce the attractiveness of HK to investors

香港擁有 38000 名警察﹐警民比例是全球第五高 The Hong Kong Police Force

consists of about 38,000 personnel, which gives Hong Kong the fifth highest
citizen-police officer ratio in the world

7
國會制﹕人民選舉國會議員﹐國會議員推舉內閣首相 (多數黨黨魁)
Parliamentary system: Members of Parliament are elected by the people. The
Prime Minister of the cabinet is selected by the members of Parliament. (the party
leader of the majority party)
聯合政府﹕由多於一個政黨建立的內閣。國會制度下﹐行政與立法關係和諧
Coalition government: A cabinet formed by more than one political party. The
relationship between the executive and legislative is harmonious under the
Parliamentary system

總統制﹕人民選舉總統 (美國總統奧巴馬屬民主黨)﹔人民選舉國會議員 (現時

美國共和黨是國會多數黨)。行政與立法關係一般/良好 Presidential system: The
people elect the president (US President Barack Obama is a Democrat). The people
elect the members of Parliament. (The majority party in the United States Congress
now is the Republican Party.) The relationship between the executive and the
legislative is medial/good

行政主導﹕行政部門擁有起草及動議建立任何法案的權力﹐立法會負責討論及通
過法案。由於行政部門擁有主動權﹐因此稱為行政主導。議員可提出私人條例草
案﹐但不能涉及公共財政及政治制度﹐因此受到極大局限 Executive-led: The
executive has the power to draft and propose the establishment of any bill while
the legislative is responsible for discussing and passing the bill. It is called
executive-led as the executive has the power to take the initiative. Members may
submit a private bill, but there are great limitations because public finances and
the political system shall not be involved

分組點票﹕由政府提出的議案﹐只需得到立法會一半議員的支持就能通過﹔而議
員提出的議案則須要同時獲得直選議員及功能組別議員過半支持才能通過
Separate voting system: The passage of motions introduced by the Government
only requires simple majority vote of Members present. For motions introduced by
Members, however, their passage will require a majority vote of each of the two
groups of Members present (functional constituencies and geographical
constituencies)

支持剪布的論點 Viewpoints for supporting anti-filibustering﹕

(1) 改善政府施政效率 Improve the administrative efficiency of the government
(2) 確保立法會正常運作 Ensure the Legislative Council is running normally
(3) 節省拉布帶來的額外開支 Save the extra cost brought by filibustering

8
反對剪布的論點 Viewpoints for against anti-filibuster﹕
(1) 立法部門服從行政部門﹐破壞三權分立。反駁﹕三權分立不代表三權敵視。
剪布不等於政府議案自動獲得通過﹐仍須議員進行投票。行政立法仍互相制
衡 The legislative institutions would be led by the executive institutions, and
destroy the Separation of Powers. Counter-argument: The Separation of Powers
doesn’t mean there is hostility between the three powers. Anti-filibustering
doesn’t equal to automated passage of the government proposal. Voting among
the councilors is still necessary. Checks and balances still exist between the
legislation and execution
(2) 削弱立法會議政素質。反駁﹕政策在剪布前已獲充份討論﹐直至立法會開始
討論瑣碎事務才進行剪布。已經能保障政策素質 Reduce the quality of
discussing government affairs in the Legco. Counter-argument: the policies have
already received enough discussion before anti-filibustering. Anti-filibuster
didn't start until the Legislative Council starts to discuss on unimportant
matters. Therefore, the quality of the policies is still guaranteed
(3) 減少反對派/少數派表達意見的機會。反駁﹕少數派已經在拉布過程充份表達
意見﹔有其他有效方法表達意見﹐例如遊行示威﹔為保障少數人利益而犧牲
大多數人利益﹐屬不合理 Reduce the chances for the opposition faction or
minority camps to express their opinions. Counter-argument: The minority
camps have already fully expressed their opinions during the process of
filibustering. There are also other effective ways to express opinions, e.g.
through demonstrations and protests. It’s unreasonable to sacrifice the
interests of the majority for the interests of the minority

9
中國黑心食品出現原因 Reasons of having toxic food in China﹕
(1) 經濟誘因﹕商人利益最大化﹐黑心食品低成本﹐高利潤。例如地溝油每頓成
本 1000 元﹐售價 3000 元 Economic incentive: Businessmen can maximize their
profits. The production costs of toxic food are low while the profits are high, e.g.
the production cost of gutter oil per ton is $1,000 and the selling price is $3,000
(2) 政府監察不足﹕官員法治意識薄弱﹐包庇不法商人﹐知法犯法參與營運工廠
Lack of government monitory: The government officials have weak legal
awareness and cover up the illegal businessmen. They also participated in
operating the factory
(3) 社會監察不足﹕中國缺乏新聞自由﹐媒體監察不足﹐黑心工廠被揭發風險低
Lack of social monitory: Freedom of press is lacking in China and there is
insufficient media monitory. Toxic food factory can hardly be exposed
(4) 社會道德淪喪﹕政府與國民盲目追求經濟發展﹐忽略社會責任 Lack of social
morality: The government and the people pursue blindly of economic
development but ignored social responsibility
(5) 宗教因素﹕共產黨主張無神論﹐共產黨員及國民普遍無宗教信仰﹐缺乏宗教
教條約束行為。伊斯蘭教徒禁止食用豬肉﹐禁止飲酒及賭博。印度教徒禁止
食用牛肉 Religious factors: The Communist Party advocates atheism. Most
Communists and Chinese people do not have religious belief and are not abide
by religious dogmas. Islam is prohibited from eating pork, drinking and
gambling. Hindus is prohibited from eating beef
(6) 政府部門權責不清﹕黑心食品涉及眾多不同部門﹐例如農業﹐衛生及工商部
門﹐不同部門之間缺乏有效協調﹐互相推卸責任。(香港不少市民在公眾地方
曬衣服﹐食物環境衛生署﹐路政署﹐運輸署﹐警務署互相推卸責任)
Responsibilities of government departments are unclear: Toxic food issues are
related to different sectors, e.g. agriculture, hygiene and business. They do not
coordinate well and shirk responsibility. (In HK, many people hang out the
clothes in public places. Food and Environmental Hygiene Department,
Highways Department, Transport Department and Hong Kong Police Force shirk
responsibilities.)

薄熙來﹕重慶市市委書記﹐2013 年因貪污最被判無期徒刑 Bo Xilai: secretary of

the Communist Party's Chongqing branch. In 2013, he was found guilty of
corruption and sentenced to life imprisonment

10
劉志軍﹕鐵路部部長﹐2013 年因貪污罪被判死緩 Liu Zhijun: Minister of Railways
of the People's Republic of China. In 2013, he was found guilty of corruption and
received a death sentence with reprieve

生活素質﹕物質擁有量﹐生活環境/衛生狀況﹐身體健康程度﹐精神生活
Quality of life: Possessions of materials, living environment / hygienic conditions,
body-healthiness, intellectual life

推論過程 Deduction process﹕

(1) 貪污->政府財政損失->福利減少/增加稅收->物質減少 Corruption 
government financial losses  reduce social welfare / increase taxed  fewer
materials
(2) 貪污->企業成本增加->物價上漲->購買力減少->物質減少 Corruption 
increases business costs  higher price level  reduce purchasing power 
fewer materials
(3) 貪污->不公平競爭環境->外來投資減少->就業機會減少->物質減少
Corruption  unfair competitions  fewer foreign investments  fewer
employment opportunities  fewer materials
(4) 貪污->貧富懸殊(官員/人民。商人/人民)->人民不滿->社會不穩->損精神生活
Corruption  disparity between the rich and the poor (government officials /
the people; businessmen / the people)  dissatisfaction among the people 
social instability  affect intellectual life

騰訊(QQ)﹕市值 9000 億港幣 Tencent (QQ): market price HKD$760 billion 阿里巴
巴﹕市值 8000 億港幣 Alibaba: market price HKD$800 billion

中國政府可徵收富豪稅﹐補貼低下階層 Chinese government may impose taxes on

the rich to subsidize the lower class
(美國﹕巴菲特稅﹐年薪超過 100 萬美元﹐徵收 30%稅。2013 年被國會否決) (US:
Buffett Rule: people with their annual salary higher than USD$1 million have to pay
30% tax; rejected by the Congress)
2010 年﹐蓋茨及巴菲特發起捐 50%財產的運動﹐獲得全球富豪響應。中國富豪
拒絕參與 In 2010, Bill Gates and Warren Buffett launched a campaign to donate
50% of their properties. Millionaires around the world supported this but those
from China refused to participate in it

11
社會主義﹕公有制度+計劃經濟 Socialism: public ownership system + planned
economy
有中國特色的社會主義﹕私有產制+市場經濟 (政府仍對經濟進行規劃及干預)
Socialism with Chinese characteristics: private property system + market economy
(the government still plans for and intervenes in the economy)
資本主義﹕私有產制+市場經濟 (政府不會對整體經濟進行規劃)
Capitalism: private property system + market economy (the government does not
plan for the economy)
騰訊(QQ)﹕市值 7600 億港幣 (2013) Tencent (QQ): market price HKD$760 billion
(2013)
阿里巴巴﹕市值 8000 億港幣 (2013) Alibaba: market price HKD$800 billion (2013)
互聯網企業市值超過地產企業﹐中國進入互聯網年代 Market prices of Internet
companies are than those of real estate enterprises. China enters the era of
Internet

低增值(低技術)-> 高增值(高技術) Low value-added (low-technology)  high

value added (high-technology)
(富士康)手機組裝->手機研發(蘋果公司) (Foxconn) mobile phone assembly 
mobile phone invention (Apple Inc.)

中國政府可徵收富豪稅﹐補貼低下階層 Chinese government may impose taxes on

the rich to subsidize the lower class
(美國﹕巴菲特稅﹐年薪超過 100 萬美元﹐徵收 30%稅。2013 年被國會否決) (US:
Buffett Rule: people with their annual salary higher than USD$1 million have to pay
30% tax; rejected by the Congress)
2010 年﹐蓋茨及巴菲特發起捐 50%財產的運動﹐獲得全球富豪響應。中國富豪
拒絕參與 In 2010, Bill Gates and Warren Buffett launched a campaign to donate
50% of their properties. Millionaires around the world supported this but those
from China refused to participate in it.

12
可持續發展分析 Analysis of sustainable development﹕

(1) 環境可持續發展﹕空氣/水/固體廢物污染﹐自然災害(火災/核災)﹐全球暖化
(海平面上昇)﹐生物多樣性 Sustainable environmental development: air /
water / solid waste pollution, natural hazards (fires, nuclear disasters), global
warming (sea level rises), biodiversity
(2) 經濟可持續發展﹕能源供應(化石能源/可再生能源)﹐消費主義(耗用資源)﹐
外來投資﹐經濟泡沫(就業機會)﹐環保產業﹐公共財政穩定性 Sustainable
economic development: power supply (fossil fuels / renewable energy),
consumerism (resource consumption), foreign investment, economic bubble
(job opportunities), environmental protection industry, stability of public
finance
(3) 社會可持續發展﹕人口老化(人口補充)﹐和諧程度(戰爭/動亂)﹐國民健康﹐
食物/資源供應﹐可供使用土地(堆填/核事故)﹐文化延續性 Sustainable social
development: aging population (population replacement), social harmony
(wars / unrests), public health, supply of food / resources, land available for
use (landfills / nuclear accidents), cultural continuity

台灣公民﹕權利(投票/福利)+義務(繳稅/服兵役) Taiwan citizens: Rights

(Voting/Welfare) + Obligations (Pay tax/Serve in the military)

一國兩制﹕香港採用資本主義制度﹔中國採用社會注意制度
One Country, Two Systems: Hong Kong uses the Capitalist system, while China uses
the Socialist system 港人治港(香港不接受中央委派官員)﹐高度自治(除外交/軍事
權外﹐擁其他權力) Hong Kong people ruling Hong Kong (HK doesn't accept the
Central Government delegating officials), High degree of autonomy (Other than
foreign affairs and military power, HK owns other powers)

2008 年﹕毒奶粉事件/毒餃子事件 Year 2008: Tainted milk Incident

/Contaminated dumplings Incident 2013 年﹕丁錦昊事件 (埃及) Year 2013: Ding
Jinhao scandal (Egypt)

13
為何年長人士國民身份認同高於年輕人﹖Why is the national identity of the older
people stronger than the youth?
(1) 個人成長經歷不同 (受到英國殖民統治不公平對待) Different experience in
personal growth (Received the unfair treatment when HK was colonized and
ruled by the British)
(2) 中國文化接觸程度不同 (傳統節日﹐傳統食品等) Different contact level to
Chinese cultural (Traditional festivals, food etc.)
(3) 資訊接收能力不同 (通過網絡/報章媒介接觸中國負面資訊) Different ability
in receiving information (Receive negative information about China through
mediums like the internet/newspapers and magazines)
(4) 政治理解能力不同 (民主/法治/人權等概念) Different ability to understand
political affairs (Concepts like democracy, rule of law, human rights etc.)

就解決香港吸煙問題而言﹐加煙稅比教育措施更為有效。你是否同意這個說法﹖
To solve the problem of smoking in HK, increasing the tobacco tax is more effective
than education. Do you agree with this statement?
就解決香港吸煙問題而言﹐增加煙稅是最有效方法。你是否同意這個說法﹖To
solve the problem of smoking in HK, increasing the tobacco tax is the most effective
measure. Do you agree with this statement?

2012 年國家主席胡錦濤訪港﹐蘋果記者提問六四問題被帶走(損新聞自由) Year

2012: Hu Jintao, President of the PRC visited Hong Kong. A journalist from Apple
Daily News asked questions related to the June fourth Incident and was being
taken away for interrogation. (Harming freedom of the press)

14
思考題目方法 Ways to analyze questions:
個人﹕生活素質﹐個人權利﹐個人成長﹐國民素質 Personal: Living quality,
personal rights, personal growth, Quality of HK people
社會﹕社會和諧﹐經濟狀況﹐社會多元化﹐社會自由度 Society: Social harmonies,
economic situation, social diversity, social freedom
政府﹕管治效能﹐管治威信﹐權力制衡﹐政府穩定 Government: Governance
efficiency, governance prestige, check and balance of power, government
stability
國家﹕國家形象﹐國民身份認同﹐國家利益﹐國家影響力 Country: Country image,
People's Ethnic Identity, country benefits, influence of the country
國際﹕國際合作﹐國際關係﹐全球穩定﹐各國利益 International: international
cooperation, international relations, world stability, benefits of each country

金融風暴﹐金融海嘯﹐沙士事件 Financial turmoil, Financial tsunami, SARS 量化

寬鬆->美國印製美元->貸款予銀行->貸款予企業->企業擴張
Quantitative easing (QE)  The US prints US notes > Grant loans to banks  Grant
loans to enterprises  Business expansion
香港資助房屋﹕公屋+居屋 Subsidized housing in HK: Public housing + Home
Ownership Scheme
新加坡政府推出組屋﹐樓價只有家庭年收入中位數的四倍 HDB flats is sold by the
Singaporean government. Its price is only four times the median annual household
income

高樓價帶來的問題﹕(個人/社會/政府/國家/國際) Problems caused by high

property prices: (personal / social / government / national / international)
(1) 損害市民生活素質 (居住環境惡化﹐物質享受減少) Undermine the quality of
life (deterioration of the living environment, reducing material enjoyment)
(2) 降低社會流動性 (創業困難﹐租金高昂) Reduce social mobility (starting an
enterprise is difficult, high rents)
(3) 損社會和諧 (仇富情緒/反地產霸權﹐社會運動增加) Cause social disharmony
(resentment at the rich / anti-developer hegemony, more social movements)
(4) 增政府施政困難 (不斷制定回應政策﹐例如港人港地) Increase difficulties in
government administration (keep implementing policies in response, e.g. “Hong
Kong property for Hong Kong residents”)

15
(5) 損害中港關係 (不滿內地富豪炒高香港樓價﹐國民分化﹐降低國民身份認同)
Damage the relationship between HK and China (resentment at the rich in
China for they push up property prices in HK, national differentiation, less
recognition of national identity)
(6) 損香港吸引力 (租金高昂﹐生活素質差) Undermine the attractiveness of HK
(high rents, poor quality of life)

生活素質﹕物質條件﹐心理健康﹐生理健康﹐居住環境﹐衛生狀況
Quality of life: material condition, mental health, physical health, living conditions,
sanitary conditions

貧窮﹕絕對貧窮 + 相對貧窮。每日生活費少於 1.25 美元為之絕對貧窮(赤貧)

Poverty: Absolute poverty + relative poverty. People of daily living expenses fewer
than USD$1.25 are considered as absolute poverty (extreme poverty)
貧窮線﹕收入低於家庭入息中位數一半 Poverty line: income under half of the
median household income

好處﹕增扶貧政府有效性﹔增社會對貧窮關注﹔節省政府資源﹔減少低下階層
不滿 Pros: Increase the effectiveness of poverty alleviation; raise social concern
about the poor; saving government resources; reduce grassroots discontent
壞處﹕負面標籤問題﹔劃分標準引起爭議﹔造成貧窮及非貧窮階層對立 Cons:
Negative labeling effect; Controversies over the classification standard; opposition
between the poor and non-poor

16
石油﹕國際原油價格 95 美元/桶 (2014 年 1 月) Oil: International crude oil price:
USD$95/barrel (January 2014)
2013 年﹕青島輸油管爆炸﹐導致 62 人死亡 2013: Pipeline explosion in Qingdao, 62
people died
伊拉克每日原油生產量 250 萬桶 Iraq produces 2.5 million barrels of crude oil per
day 利比亞每日原油生產量 150 萬桶 Libya produces 1.5 million barrels of crude oil
per day

推論過程﹕
汽油車輛排出廢氣(一氧化碳/碳氫化合物)->環境污染->損害人體健康(呼吸系統
疾病)->引入電動車->不會排出污染物->保護環境->保障人體健康->提昇生活素質
Petrol cars emit exhaust gases (carbon monoxide / hydrocarbon)  Environmental
pollution  Damage to human health (respiratory diseases)  Introduce electric
vehicles  No pollutants emitted  Protect the environment  Protect human
health  Improve the quality of life

電動的士在大程度上改善香港空氣素質 Electric taxis improve Hong Kong’s air

quality to a large extent﹕
(1) 電動的士->減少廢氣排放->改善空氣素質 Electric taxis  Reduce exhaust gas
emissions  Improve air quality
(2) 電動的士成功推行->有助推動其他交通工具電力化->減少廢氣排放->改善空
氣素質 Successful promotion of electric taxis  Help promote electrification of
other vehicles  Reduce exhaust gas emissions  Improve air quality
(3) 電動的士->引起社會討論/關注->增加市民環保信息->市民參與節約能源->減
少電力消耗->改善空氣素質 Electric taxis  Arouse public discussion /
concerns  Raise public awareness of environmental protection  Public
participation in energy conservation  Reduce power consumption  Improve
air quality
(4) 有意見認為﹕電動的士仍須電力驅動﹐電廠生產電力過程排放廢氣。但必須
留意電廠環保設施充足﹐電廠廢氣排放比石油氣的士少 It is said that electric
taxis are still driven by electricity and exhaust gases are emitted from power
plants when generating electricity. But we should note that there are adequate
environmental protection facilities in power plants which make them emit
fewer exhaust gases than LPG(Liquefied petroleum gas) taxi

17
電動的士在小程度上改善香港空氣素質 Electric taxis improve Hong Kong’s air
quality to a small extent﹕
(1) 的士佔交通車輛的比例低 Taxis account for a small proportion of vehicles
(2) 跨境污染及電廠污染才是香港空氣污染元兇 Cross-border pollution and
power plant pollution are the main causes of air pollution in Hong Kong
(3) 價格高/配套設施不足令電動的士難以普及 High prices / insufficient facilities
make electric taxis remain unpopular
(4) 有意見認為﹕電動的士行駛時不會排放廢氣﹐有助改善空氣素質。但必須留
意電動車由電力驅動﹐香港現時 54%電力依靠燒煤產生。廢氣只是由汽車排
放轉變為由電廠排放 It is said that electric taxis do not emit exhaust gases
which help improve air quality. But we should note that electric vehicles are
driven by electricity. In Hong Kong, 54% of electricity is generated by burning
coal. Exhaust gases are still emitted, not from vehicles, but power plants

環保議題的持份者分析﹕(考慮的因素) Analysis of stakeholders regarding

environmental issues: (factors to be considered)
(1) 香港政府﹕政府財政負擔﹐政策可行性﹐政府形象﹐經濟狀況(外來投資/遊
客)﹐醫療負擔 Hong Kong government: fiscal burden of government, feasibility
of policies, government image, economic status (foreign investments / visitors),
medical burden
(2) 中央政府﹕中港融合﹐中央政府財政﹐國家形象 The Central Government:
Integration between Hong Kong and China, financial condition of the Central
Government, state image
(3) 政黨﹕政黨支持度﹐政黨形象﹐與政府關係 Political parties: degree of support
for the party, party image, relations with the government
(4) 非政府組織﹕環境保育﹐可持續發展﹐生物多樣性 Non-governmental
organizations: environmental conservation, sustainable development,
biodiversity
(5) 企業﹕營運成本﹐企業形象﹐經濟得益(環保產業) Enterprises: operating costs,
corporate image, economic benefits (environmental industry)
(6) 市民﹕財政負擔﹐生活素質﹐就業機會﹐健康狀況 Citizens: financial burden,
quality of Life, employment opportunities, physical condition

18
中國電荒﹕電力需求量高於供應量 10%﹐嚴重缺點省份包括﹕廣東﹐福建 Power
shortage in China: The electricity demand is higher than the supply by 10%.
Provinces in serious power shortage: Guangdong, Fujian
工業區間歇性供電﹐例如一星期停電三天﹐供電四天 There is intermittent power
supply in industrial areas, e.g. having three days power cut and four days power
supply in a week 工廠安裝柴油發電機﹐造成更為嚴重空氣污染 Diesel generators
are installed in factories, causing more serious air pollution

核電所需要的原料只是燒煤發電的 1/20000。運輸成本低﹐造成污染較少 Nuclear

power generation needs only 1/20,000 of the raw materials coal-fired power
generation requires. Transport costs are low and it is less polluting.
發電成本﹕燒煤 0.6 元﹐核電 0.4 元﹐太陽能 2 元﹐風電 1 元﹐水力發電 0.35 元
Power generation costs: coal-fired power $0.6, nuclear power $0.4, solar power $2,
wind power $1, hydro power $0.35

綠色和平﹕全球發起反核活動。例如組織荷蘭及德國核廢料運往法國﹐阻礙鐵路
Greenpeace: Advocates global anti-nuclear activities, e.g. blocks the railway to stop
the nuclear waste transportation from the Netherlands and Germany to France

粗放式經濟增長﹕生產技術低﹔投入大量能源﹐人力資源促進經濟發展 Extensive
economic growth: low production technology; put in a lot of energy and human
resources to promote economic development﹔能源消耗速度超過經濟增長速度
發展; the rate of energy consumption is faster than the rate of economic growth﹔
過度開採能源﹐能源污染﹐犧牲環境換取經濟; Excessive exploitation of energy
resources, energy pollution, sacrifice the environment in exchange for economic
development

通過教育改善問題﹕(1)學校教育﹕課程改革/講座/活動。(2)媒體宣傳﹕電視/
電臺/報刊/電影(電影<明日之後>傳遞保護環境信息)。(3)官員教育﹕共產黨黨
校/公務員招聘及培訓 Improvement achieved via education: (1) School education:
curriculum reform / seminars / activities; (2) Media promotion: television / radio /
newspaper / films (the film “The Day After Tomorrow” promotes the protection of
environment); (3) Officials’ education: Central Party School of the Communist Party
of China / recruitment and training of civil servants

19
環保議題的持份者分析﹕(考慮的因素) Analysis of stakeholders regarding
environmental issues: (factors to be considered)
(1) 香港政府﹕政府財政負擔﹐政策可行性﹐政府形象﹐經濟狀況(外來投資/遊
客)﹐醫療負擔 Hong Kong government: fiscal burden of government, feasibility
of policies, government image, economic status (foreign investments / visitors),
medical burden
(2) 中央政府﹕中港融合﹐中央政府財政﹐國家形象 The Central Government:
Integration between Hong Kong and China, financial condition of the Central
Government, state image
(3) 政黨﹕政黨支持度﹐政黨形象﹐與政府關係 Political parties: degree of support
for the party, party image, relations with the government
(4) 非政府組織﹕環境保育﹐可持續發展﹐生物多樣性 Non-governmental
organizations: environmental conservation, sustainable development,
biodiversity
(5) 企業﹕營運成本﹐企業形象﹐經濟得益(環保產業) Enterprises: operating costs,
corporate image, economic benefits (environmental industry)
(6) 市民﹕財政負擔﹐生活素質﹐就業機會﹐健康狀況 Citizens: financial burden,
quality of Life, employment opportunities, physical condition

20
政府應否監管醫學美容行業﹖ 規管不等於禁止 Should the government
supervise (regulate) the aesthetic medical industry?
Supervise (regulate) does not mean prohibit
支持論點 Supporting arguments:﹕(1)防止醫療事故再發生﹐保障市民利益(健康)
Prevent future medical accidents and protect public interests (health)﹔(2)減少政
府醫療開支/負擔(醫治病人) Reduce the government’s medical expenses / burden
(to treat the patient)﹔(3)促進醫療產業發展(改善聲譽/素質保證) Promote the
development of medical services (Improve the reputation / Ensure the quality)﹔(4)
提高政府支持度(政府保障市民利益) Get more support for the government (the
government protects public interests)

反對論點 Opposing arguments﹕

(1)業界蒙受損失(結業/投資損失)。反駁﹕利大於弊﹐犧牲少數公司利益﹐保障
全港市民利益﹐整體社會得益 (因禽流感而停止活雞銷售是其中一個例子)。補
償措施﹕一次性補償 (例如政府也對交回活家禽零售牌照的人士進行賠償) The
industry suffers loss (shut down / investment loss). Rebuttal: more pros than cons.
Sacrificing the interests of few companies to protect public interests will benefit the
society as a whole (e.g. prohibiting live poultry sale due to avian influenza).
Compensation measures: disposable compensation (e.g. the government made
compensation for the people who surrendered their live poultry retail licenses)
(2)失業率惡化(沒有專業資格的從業員失業)﹔反駁﹕政府可為失業者提供培訓
課程﹔對專業醫護人員的需求增加﹐沒有職位流失 Worsening unemployment
(workers with no professional qualifications are unemployed). Rebuttal: the
government can provide training courses to the unemployed; increased demand for
health care providers, there is no losses of jobs
(3)政府干預自由市場﹐損投資吸引力。反駁﹕經濟自由不等於完全不干預﹔政
府有責任制定規則令市場有效運作。(政府制定 電訊條例﹐將合謀定價列為非法
行為﹐保障消費者利益) The government intervenes in the free market, harming
the investment attractiveness. Rebuttal: Free economy does not mean
non-intervention. The government has the responsibility to institute rules to
ensure effective market operations. (The government made the
Telecommunications Ordinance. Price collusion is regarded as an illegal act so as to
protect consumers’ interests.)

21
沙士經驗如何有助對抗甲型流感 How does the experience of having SARS help
resist Influenza A﹕
(1)市民衛生意識提高->防止流感傳播 Raise public hygiene awareness  prevent
the spread of influenza
(1) 通報機制建立->改善防禦措施 Establish notification mechanisms  improve
defensive measures
(2) 改善醫療系統->有效治療疾病 Improve the medical system  treat diseases
effectively
(3) 隔離病者措施->防止疫情在社區擴散 Isolate patients  Prevent the spread of
influenza in the community

公共衛生 Public health﹕

(1) 疾病威脅(健康風險)﹕傳染病(愛滋病/沙士/禽流感)﹐慢性病(癌症/糖尿病/心
臟病)﹐急性疾病(食物中毒/輻射/氣體中毒)。身體機能受損﹐死亡率上昇
Diseases (health risks): infectious diseases (AIDS / SARS / avian influenza),
chronic diseases (cancer / diabetes / heart diseases), acute diseases (food
poisoning / radiation / gas poisoning). impair physical functions, increased
death rate
(2) 醫療系統﹕抵禦疾病能力(沙士)﹐醫護人員充足率﹐醫療安全性(醫療事故)﹐
醫院承受能力 Medical system: ability to resist disease (SARS), sufficient
medical staff, medical safety (malpractice), capacity of hospitals
(3) 醫療開支﹕政府財政壓力﹐社會福利開支﹐病人財政負擔﹐削減醫療服務
Medical expenses: Government financial pressure, social welfare expenses,
financial burden of patients, reduce medical services
(4) 食物安全﹕入口檢疫﹐食物成份監管﹐食品銷售安全 Food safety: imports are
quarantined, supervise food ingredients, safety of food sales
(5) 健康教育﹕衛生意識﹐健康生活模式(運動)﹐食物選擇(營養標籤制度) Health
education: hygiene awareness, healthy lifestyle (exercise), food choices
(nutrition labeling system)
(6) 醫療科技﹕疫苗研發﹐治療藥物/儀器﹐科研人員培訓﹐藥品專利 Medical
technology: vaccine development, therapeutic drugs / tools, training for
professionals, drug patents

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