Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction Alternative Delivery

Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 1: BASIC CONCEPT OF DISASTER AND
DISASTER RISK

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Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures,

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Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to
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publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over
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Development Team of the Module

Writers: RUSTY JAMES D. JACILDO

ARBEN VINCENT ORDANIEL
JUNNARD ANVIN DURANGPARANG
SHERLYN F. VILLAR

Editors: BEA JOY G. LOCSIN

MARYKNOL A. SERAN

Reviewers: GLORY E. DELIMA

FEBE A. BERNARDO
ELIZER B. PINEDA

LRMDS
Coordinator: VENREY SENM ECANG
Introductory Message

For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Disaster Readiness and Risk
Reduction Grade 11/12 Alternative Delivery Mode
(ADM) Module on BASIC CONCEPT OF DISASTER AND
DISASTER RISK

This module was collaboratively designed, developed

and reviewed by educators both from public and
private institutions to assist you, the teacher or
facilitator in helping the learners meet the
standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while
overcoming their personal, social, and economic
constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the

learners into guided and independent learning
activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore,
this also aims to help learners acquire the needed
21st century skills while taking into consideration
their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will

also see this box in the body of the module:

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the

learners on how to use this module. You also need
to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing
them to manage their own learning. Furthermore,
you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the
module.
 BASIC
CONCEP
T OF
DISAST
WHAT IS THE BASIC CONCEPT OF DISASTER?
ER AND
 A disaster is a sudden, calamitous
DISAST
event that seriously disrupts the functioning of a community or society and
causes human, material, and economic or environmental losses that exceed
ER RISK
the community’s or society’s ability to cope using its own resources.
 The potential loss of life, injury, or destroyed
or damaged assets which could occur to a
system, society or a community in a specific
period of time, determined probabilistically as
a function of hazard, exposure, vulnerability
and capacity.

NATURAL DISASTERS
 Natural disasters include all types of severe weather, which have the
potential to pose a significant threat to human health and safety, property,
critical infrastructure, and homeland security. Natural disasters occur both
seasonally and without warning, subjecting the nation to frequent periods of
insecurity, disruption, and economic loss. These resources serve to prepare
IHEs for a variety of natural disasters, including winter storms, floods,
tornados, hurricanes, wildfires, earthquakes, or any combination thereof.

EFFECTS OF NATURAL DISASTERS

 Natural disasters cause destruction of property, loss of financial resources,
and personal injury or illness. The loss of resources, security and access
toshelter can lead to massive population migrations in lesser-developed
countries

EXPO
SURE
AND
VULNE
 RABIL

VARIOUS ELEMENTS THAT MAY BE EXPOSED TO HAZARDS:

 PHYSICAL HAZARDS: Structural damage or collapse buildings.
 SOCIAL HAZARD: Are smoking, being exposed to second hand smoke,
living in old toxic waste site and working with harmful chemicals.
 ECONOMIC HAZARD: Interruption of business due to damage of building
and infrastructure.
 ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD: Destruction of cultural heritage, pollution
and sedimentation.

VULNERABILITY
 The characteristics determined by physical, social, economic and
environmental factors or processes which increase the susceptibility of
an individual, a community, assets or systems to the impacts of hazards
Why certain sectors of society are more vulnerable to
disaster than others?
 The other sector of the society are
more vulnerable than the other
sectors, It depends on areas where
people live. Such as near in volcanoes
that can be affected by volcanic
eruption, near fault lines, near
mountain that can be hit by
landslides and those people lived in
low lying areas which is always
affected by the flood.

Why certain structures are more vulnerable to specific

hazards than others?
Other structures are more vulnerable because they are build near the
fault line that may be damaged when there is an earthquake and the most
dangerous is the use of non-durable materials of other companies to save
money so the quality of the structure are unstable that’s why it is easy to
break when there is an earthquake.

BASIC
CONC
EPT
OF
 A hazard is a potential source of harm. Substances, events, or
circumstances can constitute hazards when their nature would allow
them, even just theoretically, to cause damage to health, life, property, or
any other interest of value.

TYPES OF HAZARDS

There are different types of hazards, they include:

1. Physical hazard: A physical hazard is an agent, factor or circumstance

that can cause harm with or without contact. Examples are: Slippery
floors, objects in walkways, unsafe or misused machinery, excessive
noise, poor lighting, fire, etc.
2. Chemical hazards: A chemical hazard is a type of occupational hazard
caused by exposure to chemicals in the workplace. Exposure to
chemicals in the workplace can cause acute or chronic detrimental
health effects. Examples include: Gases, dusts, fumes, vapours and
liquids.
3. Ergonomic hazards: Ergonomic hazards are physical conditions that
may pose risk of injury to the musculoskeletal system, such as the
muscles or ligaments of the lower back, tendons or nerves of the
hands/wrists, or bones surrounding the knees, resulting in a
musculoskeletal disorder. These include poor design of equipment,
workstation design, (postural) or workflow, manual handling, repetitive
movement, etc.
4. Biological hazards: Biological hazards are a biological substances that
pose threat to the health of living organisms, primarily humans. They
include pathogenic micro-organisms, viruses, toxins (from
biological sources), spores, fungi and bio-active substances.
5. Psychological hazard: A psychological hazard is any occupational
hazard that affects the psychological and physical well-being of
workers, including their ability to participate in a work environment
among other people.
6. Environmental hazards: An environmental hazard is a substance, a
state or an event which has the potential to threaten the surrounding
natural environment / or adversely affect people’s health, including
pollution and natural disasters such as storms and earthquakes.

WHAT ARE THE

ECONOMIC IMPACTS
OF HAZARDS?
 The economic impacts are caused by direct and indirect results of the
hazards. Examples of economic impacts from direct results are the loss of
property and infrastructure caused by an earthquake. Economic impacts
from indirect results are negative consequences of gross domestic
product growth, trade and opportunities.

 What are the economic impacts of hazards?

The economic impacts are caused by direct and indirect results of the
hazards. Examples of economic impacts from direct results are the loss of
property and infrastructure caused by an earthquake. Economic impacts
from indirect results are negative consequences of gross domestic
product growth, trade and opportunities. The economic impacts of
tectonic hazards are heavily influenced by the time, geographic location
and land area exposed to the hazard. Because of this, earthquakes tend
to have a significantly larger economic impact in comparison to
volcanoes, as volcanoes tend to be located close together in a smaller
area of land, and fewer people live in these areas. Other important
components which influence the economic impact of hazards are the level
of development of the affected area and country, the level of insured and
non-insured losses, the population affected and urbanisation.

 What are the social impacts of hazards?

Some of the social impacts of hazards are loss of life, injuries, and
physical and psychological health issues. It often considers the aspects of
the individuals within the affected community. For instance, New Orleans
lost 20% of its population due to Hurricane Katrina. This was not due to
deaths but because people migrated as a result of losing their homes.
What are the environmental impacts of hazards?
The impacts of hazards on the environment include damage to or
destruction of physical systems, particularly ecosystems. Several of the
direct environmental damages caused by the 2011 tsunami in Japan
include contamination of groundwater, desilting of coastal waterways and
destruction of coastal ecosystems. Further indirect impacts include the
environmental toll of reconstruction.