11/13/2022 Immunology

English
Questionary
Immnunology

Professor: Dra. Leova Pacheco Gil

212E75010 ANGEL IZQUIERDO LICONA

UJAT - DACS
212E75010 Angel Izquierdo Licona Immunology

Question Excerpt

1. Which of the following is NOT a major feature (characteristic) of the

adaptive immune system?
A.Specificity D.Improvement
B.Diversity E.Speed
C.Memory

2. Antigen presenting cells (APCs) include macrophages and dendritic cells,

which are found in lymphoid tissues and the____. These are critical in the
uptake and presentation of antigen to T cells.
A.Liver
B.Kidney
C.Skin

3. Match the following innate immune system cell types with their
function: Natural killer cells
A.Phagocytosis and bacteriocidal mechanisms, antigen presentation
B.Lysis of some virally infected cells
C.Killing parasites
D.Release of histamine and other mediators
E.Phagocytosis and bacteriocidal mechanisms

4. In a resting lymphocyte, B cells and T cells can be distinguished from

each other via a simple blood smear
A.True
B.False

5. How many doses of the Hepatitis B vaccine (5µg HBsAg in 0.5mL

intramuscular) are required to reach a protective level of antibody?
A.1 D.4
B.2
C.3 E.5

6. Match the stage of an adaptive (acquired) immune response with the

description: Recognition of antigen
A.Cognitive phase
B.Activation phase
C.Effector phase
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7. Which of the following produce large amounts of antibodies (Igs) and

differentiate upon stimulation from CD4+ cells?
A.Cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4+)
B.Cluster of differentiation 8 (CD8+)
C.Plasma cells (activated B cells)

8. Humoral immunity is mediated by antibodies from____ and is involved in

the elimination of____ pathogens. Cell mediated immunity is mediated
by____ and is involved in the elimination of____ pathogens
A.B lymphocytes; Intracellular; T lymphocytes; Extracellular
B.B lymphocytes; Extracellular; T lymphocytes; Intracellular
C.T lymphocytes; Intracellular; B lymphocytes; Extracellular
D.T lymphocytes; Extracellular; B lymphocytes; Intracellular

9. Which of the following is a transmembrane glycoprotein that serves as a

co-receptor for the T cell receptor (TCR), and is also known as a cytotoxic
T cell (CTL)?
A.Cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4+)
B.Cluster of differentiation 8 (CD8+)
C.Plasma cells (activated B cells)

10. Which of the following types of antigen presenting cells (APCs) is critical
in uptake and presentation of antigen to T cells?
A.Macrophage
B.Dendritic cell
C.B cell

11. Which of the following types of antigen presenting cells (APCs) is

specialized for degradation and presentation of particulate antigens to T
cells?
A.Macrophage
B.Dendritic cell
C.B cell

12. Match the following innate immune system cell types with their
function: Neutrophils
A.Phagocytosis and bacteriocidal mechanisms, antigen presentation
B.Lysis of some virally infected cells
C.Killing parasites
D.Release of histamine and other mediators
E.Phagocytosis and bacteriocidal mechanisms
212E75010 Angel Izquierdo Licona Immunology

13. Which of the following is a glycoprotein expressed on the surface of T helper

cells, regulatory T cells, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells?
A.Cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4+)
B.Cluster of differentiation 8 (CD8+)
C.Plasma cells (activated B cells)

14. Match the following innate immune system cell types with their function: Tissue
mast cells
A.Phagocytosis and bacteriocidal mechanisms, antigen presentation
B.Lysis of some virally infected cells
C.Killing parasites
D.Release of histamine and other mediators
E.Phagocytosis and bacteriocidal mechanisms

15. Match the following innate immune system cell types with their
function: Eosinophils
A.Phagocytosis and bacteriocidal mechanisms, antigen presentation
B.Lysis of some virally infected cells
C.Killing parasites
D.Release of histamine and other mediators
E.Phagocytosis and bacteriocidal mechanisms

16. An individual is bitten by a dog with rabies and begins to develop antibodies
againstthe rabies. These antibodies are harvested and transferred to
unimmunized individuals toconfer protection more rapidly for these individuals.
This is an example of:
A.Active immunity
B.Passive immunity

17. Match the stage of an adaptive (acquired) immune response with the
description: Proliferation of cells with matching receptors
A.Cognitive phase
B.Activation phase
C.Effector phase

18. Which of the following types of antigen presenting cells (APCs) has
immunoglobulin that functions as a receptor, then the antigen is internalized,
degraded, and presented to T cells?
A.Macrophage
B.Dendritic cell
C.B cell
212E75010 Angel Izquierdo Licona Immunology

19. Match the following innate immune system cell types with their
function: Macrophages
A.Phagocytosis and bacteriocidal mechanisms, antigen presentation
B.Lysis of some virally infected cells
C.Killing parasites
D.Release of histamine and other mediators
E.Phagocytosis and bacteriocidal mechanisms

20. What stage of an adaptive immune response involves secretion of antibody

from a large plasma cell with extensive endoplasmic reticulum?
A.Cognitive phase
B.Activation phase
C.Effector phase

21. Match the stage of an adaptive (acquired) immune response with the
description: Eventual elimination of antigen
A.Cognitive phase
B.Activation phase
C.Effector phase

22. T cells are made in the____ and complete their differentiation in the____.
A.Spleen; Thyroid
B.Spleen; Thymus
C.Bone marrow; Thyroid
D.Bone marrow; Thymus
E.Bone marrow; Thalamus

QUESTIONARY II

1. Which of the following represents an important anatomic barrier to

infection by microorganisims?
A.lymphocytes
B.interferons
C.mucous membranes
D.kinin system

2. Which of the following is NOT an example of an innate immune mechanisms?

A.interferons
B.complement
C.phagocytes
D.T cell receptors
212E75010 Angel Izquierdo Licona Immunology

3. Which of the following classes of MHC proteins are produced only by antigen
presenting cells?

A.Class I C.Class III

B.Class II D.Class II & Class III

4. All of the following would be classified as cytokines, except:

A.interleukins C.tumor necrosis factors
B.kinins D.interferons

5. TcRs are present in the cell membrane of:

A.all mature null cells C.all mature T lymphocytes
B.all mature lymphocytes D.all mature monocytes

6. The specific portion of an antigen that is recognized by an antibody or TcR is

termed:
A.the agretope C.the epitope
B.the MHC D.the CD

7. A group of serum proteins that participates in an enzymatic cascade which

ultimately results in cell lysis:
A.complement system C.kinin system
B.fibrinolytic system D.clotting system

8. A hydrolytic enzyme found within mucous secretions which has the ability to
degrade the peptidoglycan cell wall of gram + bacteria:
A.interferon C.complement
B.histamine D.lysozyme

9. The uptake of particulate material by a cell is termed:

A.phagocytosis C.apoptosis
B.pinocytosis D.receptor-mediated endocytosis

10. Which of the following cells do NOT function as APCs?

A.B lymphocytes C.neutrophils
B.macrophages D.interdigitating dendritic cells

11. In an inflammatory response, which of the following physiological events occurs

first:
A.influx of phagocytic cells to the site of injury or infection
B.increased capillary permeability leading to edema
C.constriction of the blood vessels carrying blood away from the site of injury or
infection
D.vasodilation of the capillary network leading to the site of injury or infection
212E75010 Angel Izquierdo Licona Immunology

12. C reactive protein is classified as:

A.a cytokine C.an acute-phase protein
B.a chemokine D.a kinin

13. Fibrin is produced during:

A.the kinin cascade C.the complement cascade
B.the clotting cascade D.the fibrinolytic cascade

14. The kinin cascade, clotting cascade, and fibrinolytic cascade are all activated
by a substance known as:
A.plasmin C.prostaglandin
B.bradykinin D.Hageman Factor

15. Prostaglandins and leukotrienes are classifed as:

A.lipid inflammatory mediators C.acute phase proteins
B.kinins D.chemokines

16. The most abundant leucocyte in the blood of normal humans is the:
A.monocyte C.eosinophil
B.neutrophil D.lymphocyte

17. What is an opsonin?

A.a chemotactic factor C.a cytokine
B.a substance that enhances D.a hydrolytic enzyme
phagocytosis

18. Which of the following cell types are known to have Fc receptors on their
surface?
A.eosinophil C.basophils
B.macrophages D.all of the above

19. The functional equivalent to the Bursa of Fabricius in humans is:

A.the spleen D.the appendix
B.the thymus
C.the bone marrow

20. The thymus is considered to be:

A.a primary lymphoid organ
B.a secondary lymphoid organ
C.a reticuloendothelial organ
D.a specialized lymph node

21. In which area of the lymph node are considered to be “T cell rich”?
212E75010 Angel Izquierdo Licona Immunology

A.primary follicles C.paracortex

B.medulla D.germinal centers

22. CD8 is a glycoprotein found on:

A.all lymphocytes C.cytotoxic T cells
B.B cells D.helper T cells

23. In addition to T cells and B cells, there is a third category of cells in the
lymphocyte lineage known as:
A.monocytes C.granulocytes
B.null cells D.megakaryocytes

24. Antibody-secreting cells are called:

A.plasma cells C.macrophages
B.T cell blasts D.B lymphoblasts

25. Anti-viral proteins produced by virally infected cells are termed:

A.complement C.interferon
B.lysozyme D.major basic proteins

26. Which of the following is correctly matched?

A.dolor - redness C.calor - heat
B.rubor - swelling D.tumor - pain

27. Which of the following are known to stimulate pain receptors in the skin during
an inflammatory response?
A.mannose binding protein C.complement
B.bradykinin D.histamine

28. Phagocytosis, endocytosis and inflammation are all examples of:

A.innate immunity C.acquired specific immunity
B.the anamnestic response D.none of the above

29. T lymphocytes undergo the process of negative selection in which of the

following lymphoid organs?
A.bone marrow C.lymph nodes
B.thymus D.spleen

30. When monocytes complete their period of circulation in the blood and enter the
tissues they become:
A.natural killer cells C.mast cells
B.macrophages D.polymorphonuclear cells

31. Macrophages activated with lipopolysaccharide and IFN-g express are known
212E75010 Angel Izquierdo Licona Immunology

to produce high levels of:

A.IL-2
B.nitric oxide
C.hydrogen peroxide
D.complement proteins

32. The superoxide anion (O2) leads to the formation of all of the following except:
A.hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) C.nitric oxide (NO)
B.hydroxyl radicals (OH’) D.singlet oxygen

33. Cysteine-rich cationic peptides which circularize and form ion-permeable

channels in bacterial and mammalian cell membranes are termed:
A.cytokines C.kinins
B.defensins D.histamines

34. Which of the following cell types are not in the myeloid pathway of cellular
differentiation?
A.megakaryocytes C.macrophages
B.lymphocytes D.basophils

35. The hematopoietic growth factor which is believed to act at the level of the
pluripotent stem cell is:
A.IL-3 C.IL-5
B.IL-4 D.IL-6

36. Which of the following would not be considered a secondary lymphoid organ?
A.lymph nodes C.thymus
B.spleen D.tonsils

37. In humans, the thymus is at its largest actual size:

A.at birth C.in the mid-20s
B.at puberty D.in elderly individuals

38. Which of the following T cells would survive the process of negative selection?
A.those bearing a TcR specific for self MHC + self antigen
B.those bearing a TcR specific for foreign MHC + foreign antigen
C.those bearing a TcR specific for self MHC + foreign antigen
D.those bearing a TcR specific for foreign MHC + self antigen

39. Mature T cells are found in which of the following regions of the thymus?
A.subcapsular region C.medulla
B.cortex D.Hassal’s corpuscles
212E75010 Angel Izquierdo Licona Immunology

40. Which of the following statements is true?

A.95% of the progenitor T cells which enter the thymus leave as mature T cells
B.50% of the progenitor T cells which enter the thymus leave as mature T cells
C.1-5% of the progenitor T cells which enter the thymus leave as mature T cells
D.10% of the progenitor T cells which enter the thymus leave as mature T cells

41. In humans, B cells undergo a process of negative selection in:

A.the bone marrow C.the thymus
B.the spleen D.the lymph nodes

42. The red pulp of the spleen is populated primarily by:

A.macrophages and lymphocytes
B.erythrocytes and macrophages
C.erythrocytes and lymphocytes
D.plasma cells

43. The T cell region of the spleen is known as:

A.the primary follicles
B.the marginal zone
C.the periarteriolar lymphoid sheath
D.the subcapsular region

44. The specific part of an antigen that combines with a specific antibody or T cell
receptor is the
A.epitope C.allotope
B.agretope D.paratope

45. Differentiation of myeloid cells from committed progenitors to mature cells

occurs primarily in: A.bone marrow
B.thymus
C.spleen
QUESTIONARY III
D. lymph nodes
1. Anaphylaxis results from
A.wide spread vasoconstriction
B.systemic inflammation
C.usually doesn't require emergency intervention

2. Which cytokine is involved in innate and adaptive immunity and mediates

communication between cells
A.interferon
B.interleukin
C.tumor necrosis factor
212E75010 Angel Izquierdo Licona Immunology

3. This disease features inflammation of the central nervous system and

demyelination of the nerves of the brain and the spinal cord
A.ankylosing spondylitis
B.rheumatoid arthritis
C.multiple sclerosis
D.myasthenia gravis

4. Immunity received during intrauterine development via the placenta or after birth
via the breast milk would be what type of immunity?
A.natural active C.natural passive
B.artificial active D.artificial passive

5. Which of the following would you be more susceptible to if you have a B cell
deficiency
A.protozoa C.viruses
B.bacteria D.fungus

6. This disease features inflammation and ossification of the joints leading to

decreased spinal range of motion, usually affecting the sacroiliac joint
A.ankylosing spodylitis C.multiple sclerosis
B.rheumatoid arthritis D.SLE

7. Which of the following is a primary lymphoid tissue

A.tonsils C.spleen
B.bone marrow D.peyer patches

8. This class of antibodies is bound to antigens stimulating basophils and mast

cells and releases chemicals that stimulate inflammation
A.IgG C.IgM
B.IgE D.IgA

9. This antibody class attacks bacteria and is responsible for cross reactions
between incompatible blood types
A.IgE C.IgM
B.IgG D.IgA

10. Which of the following would be the last to be activated

A.memory T cells C.suppressor T cells
B.cytotoxic T cells D.B cells

11. Which of the following are functions of the lymphatic system

A.recycle lost fluids from cardiovascular system
B.transport pathogens to lymph nodes for destruction
C.store and mature immature lymphocytes
D.A & C
212E75010 Angel Izquierdo Licona Immunology

E.All of the above

12. The secondary response describes

A.the activation of the adaptive immune system after breach of the innate occurs
B.reaction upon second exposure to a pathogen
C.the second line of defense
D.less effective than the primary response

13. Which of the following is not a sign of inflammation

A.pain C.cyanosis
B.heat D.swelling

14. Which of the following is not an auto immune disease

A.rheumatoid arthritis
B.Systemic lupus erythematosus
C.myasthenia gravis
D.Multiple sclerosis
E.none of the above

15. Anaphylaxis is dangerous because it causes widespread vasodilation and low

BP
A.True
B.False

16. NK cells
A.respond after T /B cells
B.secrete perforins
C.only work against bacteria and viral infections
D.all of the above

17. These leukocytes are not mobile but are found in connective tissue where they
play a key role in allergy and anaphylaxis. they are also able to release
histamine and heparin
A.basophils
B.eosinophils
C.mast cells
D.lymphocytes

18. An attack on beneficial foreign tissue would be what type of

inappropriate immune response
A.hyperactivity (allergic)
B.immunodeficiency
C.autoimmunity
D.transplant rejection
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19. This antibody class occurs in exocrine secretions and attacks pathogens before
they enter the body
A.IgE C.IgM
B.IgG D.IgA

20. Which cytokine is produced by virus infected cells to protect uninfected cells
A.interrferon
B.interleukin
C.tumor necrosis factor

21. Which is not true about cytokines

A.promote inflammation during active infection
B.target hypothalamus to raise temperature
C.specifically identify pathogens
D.are released by neutrophils that have destroyed invaders and attract other cells
E.activate complement cascade

22. Immunity acquired as a result from vaccination would be

A.natural active C.natural passive
B.artificial active D.artificial passive

23. Immunoglobulins are

A.antibodies from plasma cells
B.insoluble proteins
C.bind to antigens
D.A & C
E.All of the above

24. This disease feature inflammation in joints, the nervous system, the kidneys
and other organs. Also features a butterfly rash on the face and rashes
elsewhere on the body
A.myasthenia gravis
B.multiple sclerosis
C.rheumatoid arthritis
D.systemic lupus erythematous

25. B cells
A.form plasma cells that secrete antibodies
B.must go through sensitization and activation
C.form memory b cells that are put on reserve for future infections
D.all of the above

26. This disease is inflammation and edema of the synovial membrane of joints
212E75010 Angel Izquierdo Licona Immunology

and leads to joint paint and stiffness. there is also destruction of cartilage and
adjacent bone with bilateral joint stiffness
A.multiple sclerosis
B.rheumatoid arthritis
C.myasthenia gravis
D.SLE

27. This antibody class is the largest and most diverse, it provides resistance
against many viruses bacteria and bacterial toxins, it also has the ability to
cross the placenta
A.IgE C.IgD
B.IgM D.IgG

28. This disease features inflammation of the walls of the blood vessels and leads
to necrosis, thrombus and infarction
A.SLE
B.rheumatoid arthritis
C.Vasculitis
D.myasthenia gravis

29. These leukocytes oppose the action of basophils and mast cells, they are
active in allergy and parasitic infestation but stop inflammation
A.basophil C.neutrophil
B.lymphocyte D.eosinophil

30. Leukocytes are born in the thymus

A.True
B.False

31. These leukocytes play a key role in allergy and anaphylaxis, they also promote
inflammation and release heparin and histamine
A.eosinophils
B.basophils
C.macrophages
D.neutrophils

32. Which of the following is a malignancy of AIDS

A.herpes zoster C.toxoplasmosis
B.kaposi sarcoma D.candida albicans

33. The thymus

A.secretes hormones that stimulate the maturation of B cells in lymph nodes
B.plays vital role in maturation of childhood immunity
212E75010 Angel Izquierdo Licona Immunology

C.located between the thoracic aorta and diaphragm

D.all of the above

34. Which cytokine stimulates macrophages into action and causes cell death in
cancer cells
A.interleukin
B.interferon
C.tumor necrosis factor

35. This antibody class is attached to B cells and is involved in their activation
A.IgD C.IgE
B.IgM D.IgA

36. Inflammation is part of the innate immunity and triggers adaptive immunity
A.True B.False

37. Which cell attacks cancer cells

A.eosinophils C.memory B cells
B.cytotoxic T cells D.natural killers
38. The first responders to the site of invasion are
A.neutrophils C.mast cells
B.basophils D.eosinophils

39. Hay fever and hives are

A.anaphylaxis
B.local hypersensitivity reactions
C.autoimmune reactions
D.immunodeficiency

40. Complement cascade is

A.leads to clumping of cells with foreign cells and attack of invading pathogens
B.inactivation of normally active plasma proteins or proteins from interstitial fluid
C.part of innate and adaptive immunity
D.A & C
E.all of the above

41. Which of the following is a difference between cytotoxic t cells and regulatory T
cells
A.regulatory T cells are a part of cell mediated immunity and cytotoxic T cells are a
part of humoral immunity
B.cytotoxic T cells directly attack foreign cells or infected cells
C.regulatory T cells only affect other T cells
D.all of the above
212E75010 Angel Izquierdo Licona Immunology

42. These cells are weakly phagocytic, but are important antigen presenters that
alert the adaptive immunity
A.mast cells C.eosinophils
B.dendrite cells D.neutrophils

43. During the inflammatory response

A.capillary permeability increases
B.vasodilation occurs
C.release of histamine and cytokines from damaged tissues
D.all of the above

44. Which of the following is not true about the spleen

A.has lymphatic sinuses
B.non essential organ but compromises immunity if removed
C.has red pulp with leukocytes and erythrocytes
D.removes old, damaged or fragile erythrocytes

45. Which is true about lymph capillaries

A.run perpendicular to blood capillaries
B.are close-ended vessels
C.body movement and smooth muscle contraction propels lymph through system
D.not found in connective tissue

46. Lymph is returns to the bloodstream at the left and right subclavian veins
A.True
B.False

47. This disease is a result of autoantibodies against acetylcholine receptors which

leads to ineffective nerve muscle junctions and weakness
A.rheumatoid arthritis C.multiple sclerosis
B.SLE D.myasthenia gravis

48. The thoracic duct drains which of the following trunks

A.subclavian trunk C.jugular trunk
B.intestinal trunk D.A & C

49. Innate immunity recognizes invaders as foreign and specifically identifies

pathogens
A.False B.True

50. These phagocytic leukocytes arrive late and are able to leave tissue and
migrate into blood
A.neutrophils C.basophils
B.macrophages D.mast cells
Commentary

Without a doubt, I consider that in this partial I learned more than in the previous one,
although obviously I needed previous knowledge to understand current issues, and that
is exactly what happens with the immune responses that occur in our body.

Innate immunity is very fast and widely diverse, something that adaptive immunity is not,
since it is slow and very specific, however, for the adaptive one to conceive the
characteristic of specificity, it needed the information thrown by the immune response.
innate

Knowing the components of each of the immune responses, and the mechanisms and
processes that are carried out individually and jointly opens my mind to finally understand
what happens when a foreign agent enters our body, or when there is some trauma or
injury, or when the patient has acute or chronic diseases, or autoimmune diseases.

I am ready, but I also have more questions that I am sure I will answer in the following
classes and therefore in the following semesters, I love Medicine, and everything related
to it.

- Angel Izquierdo Licona

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