UNIT 6

Relationships MODULE
MODULE 13
13
Area and Polygons

in Geometry COMMON
CORE

MODULE
MODULE 14
14
6.G.1, 6.EE.7

Distance and Area in

the Coordinate Plane
COMMON
CORE 6.NS.6b, 6.NS.8,
6.G.3

CAREERS IN MATH
MODULE
MODULE 15
15
Surface Area and
Volume of Solids
Theater Set Construction A person COMMON
CORE 6.G.2, 6.G.4, 6.EE.7
who works in theater set construction works
with the set designer to create scenery and
needs technical precision when scaling and
building sets based on the dimensions of the
models.
If you are interested in a career in theater
set construction, you should study these
mathematical subjects: Unit 6 Performance Task
• Geometry
• Algebra At the end of the unit,
• Trigonometry check out how theater set
construction workers
Research other careers that require technical use math.
precision in scaling and building models.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company • Image Credits: Nik Wheeler/Corbis

Unit 6 365
 UNIT 6

Vocabulary Preview
Use the puzzle to preview key vocabulary from this unit. Unscramble
the circled letters within found words to answer the riddle at the
bottom of the page.

B Y W P R E V L P G E J Z V S
P Z O A V P R K L E B L F C U
D J M R Q W O E H Z B F Z O B
Z J W A S N B G L W W M C E M
K P O L G U I E G A G B Q S O
M N D L L L R J V V E D J G H
Q E H E Q L I F G S I S G Q R
Q T W L Y V D Y A O P M C N Q
O S O O E K B Z Z C B U D P B
Q B L G S K U E N E E L G C N
F H F R T S P L E C S A S I A
W Q F A T A L V D I M A R Y P
H L G M R I X G D Z F W W E W
X Y K T V A U P L V V J P C A
Z J H L K Q C A P I Q A D J L

• A quadrilateral where opposite sides are congruent and parallel.

(Lesson 13.1)
• A quadrilateral in which all sides are congruent and opposite sides are parallel. (Lesson 13.1)
• A quadrilateral with exactly one pair of parallel sides. (Lesson 13.1)
• An arrangement of two-dimensional figures that can be folded to make a three-dimensional
figure. (Lesson 15.1) © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
• A three-dimensional figure with a polygon base and where the other faces are triangles that
all meet at a common vertex. (Lesson 15.1)
• The sum of the areas of the faces, or surfaces, of a three-dimensional figure. (Lesson 15.1)

Q: Where does a mathematician go when

she commits a crime?

A: !

366 Vocabulary Preview

 Area and Polygons
13
MODULE

? ESSENTIAL QUESTION
How can you find the area
LESSON 13.1
of an irregular polygon
using area formulas? Area of
Quadrilaterals
COMMON
CORE 6.G.1

LESSON 13.2
Area of Triangles
COMMON
CORE 6.G.1

LESSON 13.3
Solving Area
Equations
COMMON
CORE 6.G.1, 6.EE.7

LESSON 13.4
Area of Polygons
COMMON
CORE 6.G.1
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company • Image Credits: ©Getty Royalty

Real-World Video
Quilting, painting, and other art forms use familiar
geometric shapes, such as triangles and rectangles.
To buy enough supplies for a project, you need to find
my.hrw.com or estimate the areas of each shape in the project.
Free

my.hrw.com my.hrw.com Math On the Spot Animated Math Personal Math Trainer
Go digital with your Scan with your smart Interactively explore Get immediate
write-in student phone to jump directly key concepts to see feedback and help as
edition, accessible on to the online edition, how math works. you work through
any device. video tutor, and more. practice sets.

367
 Are YOU Ready?
Complete these exercises to review skills you will need Personal
for this module. Math Trainer
Online
Assessment and
my.hrw.com Intervention
Inverse Operations
EXAMPLES

7k = 35 k is multiplied by 7. k+7=9 7 is added to k.

7k
__ 35 Use the inverse
7
= __
7 k+7-7=9-7 Use the inverse
operation, division. operation, subtraction.
k=5 k= 2

Solve each equation using the inverse operation.

1. 9p = 54 2. m - 15 = 9 3. __b8 = 4 4. z + 17 = 23

Metric Units
EXAMPLE Multiply to go from a larger unit
6m= cm
to a smaller unit.
6 m = 600 cm
4,000 mL = L Divide to go from a smaller unit
to a larger unit.
4,000 mL = 4 L

Convert to the given units.

5. 64 m = cm 6. 500 g = kg 7. 4.6 kL = L

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Area of Squares and Rectangles
EXAMPLE Find the area of the rectangle.
A = bh Use the formula for the
7 ft area of a rectangle.
=7×4
Substitute for base and
= 28 height.
The area is 28 square feet.
4 ft

8. Find the area of a rectangle with a base of 5 feet and a height

of 9 _12 feet

368 Unit 6
 Reading Start-Up Vocabulary
Review Words
Visualize Vocabulary ✔ hexagon (hexágono)
✔ polygon (polígono
Use the ✔ words to complete the graphic. You will put one regular)
word in each oval. quadrilateral (cuadrilátero)
rectangular prism (prisma
Types of Polygons rectangular)
regular polygon (polígono)
right triangle (triángulo
rectángulo)
✔ triangle (triángulo)

Preview Words
parallelogram
(paralelogramo)
has 3 sides rhombus (rombo)
has 4 sides
and 3 angles
has 6 sides trapezoid (trapecio)
and 6 angles

Understand Vocabulary
Match the term on the left to the correct expression on the right.

1. parallelogram A. A quadrilateral in which all sides are congruent

and opposite sides are parallel.

2. trapezoid B. A quadrilateral in which opposite sides are

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

parallel and congruent.

3. rhombus C. A quadrilateral in which two sides are parallel.

Active Reading
Pyramid Before beginning the module,
create a pyramid to help you organize what
you learn. Label each side with one of the
lesson titles from this module. As you study
each lesson, write important ideas like
vocabulary, properties, and formulas on the
appropriate side.

Module 13 369
 MODULE 13

Unpacking the Standards

Understanding the standards and the vocabulary terms in the
standards will help you know exactly what you are expected to
learn in this module.

COMMON
CORE 6.G.1
Find the area of right triangles,
What It Means to You
other triangles, special You will use the formula for the area of a figure to write an
quadrilaterals, and polygons equation that can be used to solve a problem.
by composing into rectangles
UNPACKING EXAMPLE 6.G.1
or decomposing into triangles
and other shapes; apply these The Hudson Middle School wrestling team won the state
techniques in the context tournament and was awarded a triangular pennant to display in
of solving real-world and the school gymnasium. The pennant has an area of 2.25 square
mathematical problems. meters. The base of the pennant is 1.5 meters long. Write an
equation to find the height of the pennant.

A = _21 bh
2.25 = _21 (1.5)h 1.5 m
2.25 = 0.75h

An equation to find the height of the pennant is 2.25 = 0.75h.

COMMON
CORE 6.G.1
Find the area of right triangles, What It Means to You
other triangles, special
quadrilaterals, and polygons You will use formulas to find the area of irregular polygons.
by composing into rectangles UNPACKING EXAMPLE 6.G.1
or decomposing into triangles

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

and other shapes; apply these John is measuring his room for new carpet. Find the area of the
techniques in the context room.
of solving real-world and Find the area of the rectangle. 6 ft
mathematical problems.
A = bh = 15 × 6 = 90 ft2 6 ft
15 ft
Find the area of the square.

A = s2 = 62 = 36 ft2

The total area is 90 ft2 + 36 ft2 = 126 ft2. 6 ft

Visit my.hrw.com
to see all the
Common Core
Standards
unpacked.
my.hrw.com

370 Unit 6
 LESSON
Area of COMMON
CORE 6.G.1

13.1 Quadrilaterals
Find the area of…special
quadrilaterals, and polygons
by composing into rectangles
or decomposing into triangles
and other shapes; … .

? ESSENTIAL QUESTION
How can you find the areas of parallelograms,
rhombuses, and trapezoids?

COMMON
EXPLORE ACTIVITY CORE 6.G.1

Area of a Parallelogram
Recall that a rectangle is a special type of parallelogram.

A Draw a large parallelogram on grid paper. Cut out your parallelogram.

B Cut your parallelogram on the dashed line as shown. Then move
the triangular piece to the other side of the parallelogram.

height (h) width (w)

base (b) length (l)

C What figure have you formed?

Does this figure have the same area as the parallelogram?

base of parallelogram = of rectangle

height of parallelogram = of rectangle

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

area of parallelogram = of rectangle

Math Talk
Mathematical Practices
How is the relationship
What is the formula for the area of this figure? A = between the length and width
of a rectangle similar to the
or relationship between the
base and height of a
D What is the formula for the area of a parallelogram? A = parallelogram?

Area of a Parallelogram

The area A of a parallelogram is the

product of its base b and its height h. h
A = bh
b

Lesson 13.1 371

 EXPLORE ACTIVITY (cont’d)

Reflect
1. Find the area of the parallelogram. 7 cm
A=
14 cm

Finding the Area of a Trapezoid

To find the formula for the area of a trapezoid, notice that two copies of the
same trapezoid fit together to form a parallelogram. Therefore, the area of the
trapezoid is _21 the area of the parallelogram.
Math On the Spot
my.hrw.com
h

b
A= b ·h
The height of the parallelogram is the same as the height
of the trapezoid. The base of the parallelogram is the sum ↓
of the two bases of the trapezoid. A = (b1 + b2) · h

Area of a Trapezoid

The area of a trapezoid is half its height b1

multiplied by the sum of the lengths
of its two bases. h
1 h(b + b )
A = __
2 1 2
b2

EXAMPLE 1 COMMON

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

CORE 6.G.1

A section of a deck is in the shape of a trapezoid. What is the area of this

section of the deck?
17 ft
Math Talk b1 = 17 b2 = 39 h = 16
Mathematical Practices
Does it matter which of
the trapezoid’s bases is Use the formula for area of a trapezoid. 16 ft
substituted for b1 and which
is substituted for b2? 1 h(b + b )
A = __
Why or why not? 2 1 2
39 ft
1 · 16(17 + 39)
= __
2 Substitute.
1
= __ · 16(56)
2 Add inside the parentheses.

= 8 · 56 1 and 16.
Multiply __
Animated 2
Math
my.hrw.com = 448 square feet Multiply.

372 Unit 6
 YOUR TURN
2. Another section of the deck is also shaped like a trapezoid. For this
Personal
section, the length of one base is 27 feet, and the length of the other Math Trainer
base is 34 feet. The height is 12 feet. What is the area of this section of Online Assessment
and Intervention
the deck? A = f t2 my.hrw.com

Finding the Area of a Rhombus

A rhombus is a quadrilateral in which all sides are congruent and opposite
sides are parallel. A rhombus can be divided into four triangles that can then
be rearranged into a rectangle.
Math On the Spot
my.hrw.com

The base of the rectangle is the same length as one of A=b · h

the diagonals of the rhombus. The height of the rectangle ↓
 ↓
is _12 the length of the other diagonal.
A = d1 · _12 d2

Area of a Rhombus

The area of a rhombus is half of the

product of its two diagonals.
A = _12 d1d2 d2 d1
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

EXAMPL 2
EXAMPLE COMMON
CORE 6.G.1

Cedric is constructing a kite in the shape of a rhombus.

The spars of the kite measure 15 inches and 24 inches.
How much fabric will Cedric need for the kite?
To determine the amount of fabric needed, 15 in.
find the area of the kite.
d1 = 15 d2 = 24
Use the formula for area of a rhombus.

A = _12 d1d2
24 in.
= _12 (15)(24) Substitute.

= 180 square inches Multiply.

Lesson 13.1 373
 YOUR TURN
Find the area of each rhombus.
Personal
Math Trainer 3. d1 = 35 m; d2 = 12 m 4. d1 = 9.5 in.; d2 = 14 in.
Online Assessment
and Intervention A= m2 A= in2
my.hrw.com
5. d1 = 10 m; d2 = 18 m 6. d1 = 8_41 ft; d2 = 40 ft
A= m2 A= ft2

Guided Practice
1. Find the area of the parallelogram. (Explore Activity)
A = bh
9 in.
=( )( )
13 in.
= in2
2. Find the area of the trapezoid. (Example 1)
9 cm
A = _21h(b1 + b2)

= _12 ( )( +  ) 14 cm

= cm2
15 cm
3. Find the area of the rhombus. (Example 2)
A = _21 d1d2

( )( )
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
= _21 18 in. 11 in.

= in2

?
? ESSENTIAL QUESTION CHECK-IN

4. How can you find the areas of parallelograms, rhombuses, and trapezoids?

374 Unit 6
 Name Class Date

13.1 Independent Practice Personal

Math Trainer
COMMON Online
CORE 6.G.1 Assessment and
my.hrw.com Intervention

5. Find the area of the parallelogram. 11. The seat of a bench is in the shape of a
trapezoid with bases of 6 feet and 5 feet
and a height of 1.5 feet. What is the area of
6 cm
the seat?
14 cm

12. A kite in the shape of a rhombus has

diagonals that are 25 inches long and 15
6. What is the area of a parallelogram that has
inches long. What is the area of the kite?
a base of 12_43 in. and a height of 2_21 in.?

13. A window in the shape of a parallelogram

7. Find the area of the trapezoid.
has a base of 36 inches and a height of 45
42 in. inches. What is the area of the window?

24 in.

14. Communicate Mathematical Ideas Find

36 in. the area of the figure. Explain how you
found your answer.

10 ft
8. The bases of a trapezoid are 11 meters and 6 ft
14 meters. Its height is 10 meters. What is
the area of the trapezoid?
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

12 ft

9. Find the area of the rhombus. 18 ft

16 m 9m

10. The diagonals of a rhombus are 21 m and

32 m. What is the area of the rhombus?

Lesson 13.1 375

15. Multistep A parking space shaped like a parallelogram has a base of
17 feet and a height is 9 feet. A car parked in the space is 16 feet long and
6 feet wide. How much of the parking space is not covered by the car?

FOCUS ON HIGHER ORDER THINKING Work Area

16. Critique Reasoning Simon says that to find the area of a trapezoid, you
can multiply the height by the top base and the height by the bottom
base. Then add the two products together and divide the sum by 2. Is
Simon correct? Explain your answer.

17. Multistep The height of a trapezoid is 8 in. and its area is 96 in.2 One
base of the trapezoid is 6 inches longer than the other base. What are the
lengths of the bases? Explain how you found your answer.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

18. Multiple Representations The diagonals of a rhombus are 12 in. and
16 in. long. The length of a side of the rhombus is 10 in. What is the
height of the rhombus? Explain how you found your answer.

376 Unit 6
 LESSON COMMON
CORE 6.G.1

13.2 Area of Triangles Find the area of right

triangles, other triangles, …
by composing into
rectangles …

? ESSENTIAL QUESTION
How do you find the area of a triangle?

COMMON

EXPLORE ACTIVITY 1 CORE 6.G.1

Area of a Right Triangle h

b
A Draw a large rectangle on grid paper.
What is the formula for the area of a rectangle? A =
B Draw one diagonal of your rectangle.
The diagonal divides the rectangle into .

Each one represents of the rectangle.

Use this information and the formula for area of a rectangle to

write a formula for the area of a right triangle. A =

Reflect
1. Communicate Mathematical Ideas In the formula for the area
of a right triangle, what do b and h represent?
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

COMMON
EXPLORE ACTIVITY 2 CORE 6.G.1

Area of a Triangle
A Draw a large triangle on grid paper. Do not draw a right triangle.

B Cut out your triangle. Then trace around it to make a copy of

your triangle. Cut out the copy.
C Cut one of your triangles into two pieces by cutting through
one angle directly across to the opposite side. Now you have
three triangles — one large triangle and two smaller right
triangles.

Lesson 13.2 377

 EXPLORE ACTIVITY 2 (cont’d)

When added together, the areas of the two smaller triangles

equal the of the large triangle.

D Arrange the three triangles into a rectangle.
What fraction of the rectangle does the large
h
triangle represent?

The area of the rectangle is A = bh. What is the area b

of the large triangle? A =

How does this formula compare to the formula for the area
of a right triangle that you found in Explore Activity 1?

Reflect
2. Communicate Mathematical Ideas What type of angle is formed by
the base and height of a triangle?

Finding the Area of a Triangle

Area of a Triangle
Math On the Spot The area A of a triangle is half the product
my.hrw.com of its base b and its height h.
h

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

A = _12 bh
b

EXAMPLE 1 COMMON
CORE 6.G.1

Find the area of each triangle.

A b = 20 meters h = 8 meters
8m A = _12 bh

= _21 (20 meters) (8 meters) Substitute.

20 m
= 80 square meters Multiply.

378 Unit 6
 Find the area of each triangle.
B b = 12 inches h = 5 inches
5 in. A = _12 bh

12 in. = _12 (12 inches) (5 inches) Substitute.

= 30 square inches Multiply.

YOUR TURN
Find the area of the triangle.
Personal
3. Math Trainer
Online Assessment
and Intervention
14 in. my.hrw.com

8.5 in. A= Math Talk

Mathematical Practices
Why can you also write the
formula for the area of a
bh
triangle as A = __
2
?

Problem Solving Using Area

of Triangles
You can use the formula for the area of a triangle to solve real-world problems.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company • Image Credits: ©JOHN

Math On the Spot

my.hrw.com
EXAMPL 2
EXAMPLE COMMON
CORE 6.G.1

Each triangular face of the Pyramid of Peace in

Kazakhstan is made up of 25 smaller equilateral
triangles. These triangles have measurements as 10.4 m
shown in the diagram. What is the area of one of the
smaller equilateral triangles?
MACDOUGALL/AFP/Getty Images

12 m
STEP 1 Identify the length of the base and the
height of the triangle.

b = 12 m and h = 10.4 m
STEP 2 Use the formula to find the area of
the triangle.

A = _12 bh Substitute.

= _21 (12) (10.4) Multiply.

= 62.4

The area of one small equilateral triangle is 62.4 m2.

Lesson 13.2 379
 Reflect
4. Persevere in Problem Solving What is the total area of one face of the
pyramid? What is the total surface area of the faces of the pyramid, not
counting the bottom? (Hint: the bottom of the pyramid is a square.)

YOUR TURN
5. Amy needs to order a shade for a triangular-shaped window that has
Personal a base of 6 feet and a height of 4 feet. What is the area of the shade?
Math Trainer
Online Assessment
and Intervention
my.hrw.com

Guided Practice
Find the area of each triangle. (Explore Activities 1 and 2, Example 1)

1. A = _12 bh

8 in. = _21 ( )( )

= in2
14 in.

2. A pennant in the shape of a triangle has a base of

12 inches and a height of 30 inches. What is the area
of the pennant? (Example 2) '/ 3Ý
/9/ 4 %
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
A = _21 bh
#
= _21 ( )( )

= in2

?
? ESSENTIAL QUESTION CHECK-IN

3. How do you find the area of a triangle?

380 Unit 6
 Name Class Date

13.2 Independent Practice Personal

Math Trainer
COMMON Online
CORE 6.G.1 Assessment and
my.hrw.com Intervention

Find the area of each triangle.

4. 5.

20 ft
10 cm

15 cm 24 ft

18 ft
6. 7.
32 ft
17 in.

12 in.

8. What is the area of a triangle that has a 9. A right triangle has legs that are 11 in. and
base of 15_41 in. and a height of 18 in.? 13 in. long. What is the area of the triangle?

10. A triangular plot of land has the dimensions 11. The front part of a tent has the dimensions
shown in the diagram. What is the area of shown in the diagram. What is the area of
the land? this part of the tent?
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

20 km
5 ft

30 km 8 ft

12. Multistep The sixth-grade art students are 13. Critique Reasoning Monica has a
making a mosaic using tiles in the shape triangular piece of fabric. The height of the
of right triangles. Each tile has leg measures triangle is 15 inches and the triangle’s base
of 3 centimeters and 5 centimeters. If there is 6 inches. Monica says that the area of
2
are 200 tiles in the mosaic, what is the area the fabric is 90 in . What error did Monica
of the mosaic? make? Explain your answer.

Lesson 13.2 381

14. Multistep Wayne is going to paint the side of the house shown
in the diagram. What is the area that will be painted? Explain 8 ft
how you found your answer.

12 ft

25 ft

FOCUS ON HIGHER ORDER THINKING Work Area

15. Communicate Mathematical Ideas Explain how the areas of a triangle

and a parallelogram with the same base and height are related.

16. Analyze Relationships A rectangle and a triangle have the same area. If
their bases are the same lengths, how do their heights compare? Justify
your answer.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

17. What If? A right triangle has an area of 18 square inches.

a. If the triangle is an isosceles triangle, what are the lengths
of the legs of the triangle?

b. If the triangle is not an isosceles triangle, what are all the possible
lengths of the legs, if the lengths are whole numbers?

382 Unit 6
 LESSON
Solving Area COMMON
CORE 6.G.1

13.3 Equations
Find the area of right
triangles, other triangles,
special quadrilaterals, and
polygons…; apply these
techniques in the context
of solving...problems. Also
6.EE.7

? ESSENTIAL QUESTION
How do you use equations to solve problems about area of
rectangles, parallelograms, trapezoids, and triangles?

Problem Solving Using the Area

of a Triangle
Recall that the formula for the area of a triangle is A = _12 bh. You can also use the
formula to find missing dimensions if you know the area and one dimension. Math On the Spot
my.hrw.com

EXAMPL 1
EXAMPLE COMMON
CORE 6.G.1, 6.EE.7

The Hudson High School wrestling

team just won the state tournament
and has been awarded a triangular 1.5 ft
pennant to hang on the wall in the
school gymnasium. The base of the
pennant is 1.5 feet long. It has
an area of 2.25 square feet.
What is the height of the pennant?

A = _21 bh Write the formula.

2.25 = _12 (1.5)h Use the formula to write an equation.

Math Talk
1
2.25 = 0.75h Multiply __ and 1.5. Mathematical Practices
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

2
How can you use units in
2.25 ____ the formula to confirm that
____
0.75
= 0.75h
0.75 Divide both sides of the equation by 0.75. the units for the height
are in feet?
3= h

The height of the pennant is 3 feet.

YOUR TURN
1. Renee is sewing a quilt whose pattern contains right triangles. Personal
Each quilt piece has a height of 6 in. and an area of 24 in2. Math Trainer
Online Assessment
and Intervention
How long is the base of each quilt piece?
my.hrw.com

Lesson 13.3 383

 Writing Equations Using the Area
of a Trapezoid
You can use the formula for area of a trapezoid to write an equation
Math On the Spot to solve a problem.
my.hrw.com

EXAMPLE 2 COMMON
CORE 6.G.1, 6.EE.7

A garden in the shape of a trapezoid has an area 4.3 m

of 44.4 square meters. One base is 4.3 meters long
and the other base is 10.5 meters long. The height
of the trapezoid is the width of the garden. How
wide is the garden?
10.5 m
A = _12 h (b1 + b2) Write the formula.

44.4 = _12 h (4.3 + 10.5) Use the formula to write an equation.

44.4 = _12 h (14.8) Add inside parentheses.

Math Talk
Mathematical Practices 1 and 14.8.
44.4 = 7.4 h Multiply __
How can you check 2
that the answer is
44.4
____ 7.4 h
reasonable?
7.4
= ____
7.4
Divide both sides of the equation by 7.4.

6= h

The garden is 6 meters wide.

Reflect
2. Communicate Mathematical Ideas Explain why the first step after
substituting is addition.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

YOUR TURN
3. The cross section of a water bin is shaped like a trapezoid. The bases of the
trapezoid are 18 feet and 8 feet long. It has an area of 52 square feet. What
Personal is the height of the cross section?
Math Trainer
Online Assessment
and Intervention
my.hrw.com

384 Unit 6
 Solving Multistep Problems
You can write and solve equations that represent real-world problems related
to relationships in geometry.

Math On the Spot

EXAMPL 3
EXAMPLE Problem COMMON
Solving CORE 6.G.1 my.hrw.com

John and Mary are using rolls of fabric to make a rectangular stage curtain
for their class play. The rectangular piece of fabric on each roll measures
2.5 feet by 15 feet. If the area of the curtain is 200 square feet, what is the
least number of rolls they need?

Analyze Information
Rewrite the question as a statement.
• Find the least number of rolls of fabric needed to cover an area
of 200 ft2.
List the important information.
• Each roll of fabric is a 2.5 foot by 15 foot rectangle.
• The area of the curtain is 200 square feet.

Formulate a Plan
Write an equation to find the area of each roll of fabric.
Use the area of the curtain and the area of each roll to write an equation
to find the least number of rolls.

Solve

STEP 1 Write an equation to find the area of each roll of fabric.

A = lw
A = 15 · 2.5
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

A = 37.5 ft2

STEP 2 Write an equation to find the least number of rolls.

n = 200 ÷ 37.5
n = 5_31
STEP 3 The problem asks for the least number of rolls needed. Since 5 rolls
will not be enough, they will need 6 rolls to make the curtain.

John and Mary will need 6 rolls of fabric to make the curtain.

Justify and Evaluate

The area of each roll is about 38 ft2. Since 38 ft2 · 6 = 228 ft2, the answer
is reasonable.

Lesson 13.3 385

 YOUR TURN
4. A parallelogram-shaped field in a park needs sod. The parallelogram has a
Personal
Math Trainer base of 21.5 meters and a height of 18 meters. The sod is sold in pallets of
Online Assessment 50 square meters. How many pallets of sod are needed to fill the field?
and Intervention
my.hrw.com

Guided Practice
1. A triangular bandana has an area of 70 square inches. The height of the
triangle is 8_43 inches. Write and solve an equation to find the length of the
base of the triangle. (Example 1)

2. The top of a desk is shaped like a trapezoid. The bases of the trapezoid
are 26.5 and 30 centimeters long. The area of the desk is 791 square
centimeters. The height of the trapezoid is the width of the desk.
Write and solve an equation to find the width of the desk. (Example 2)

3. Taylor wants to paint his rectangular deck that is 42 feet long and 28 feet
wide. A gallon of paint covers about 350 square feet. How many gallons
of paint will Taylor need to cover the entire deck? (Example 3)

Write an equation to find the of the deck.

Write and solve the equation.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Write an equation to find the .

Write and solve the equation.

Taylor will need gallons of paint.

?
? ESSENTIAL QUESTION CHECK-IN

4. How do you use equations to solve problems about area of rectangles,

parallelograms, trapezoids, and triangles?

386 Unit 6
 Name Class Date

Personal
13.3 Independent Practice Math Trainer
Online
COMMON Assessment and
CORE 6.G.1, 6.EE.7 my.hrw.com Intervention

5. A window shaped like a parallelogram has an area of 18 _13 square

feet. The height of the window is 3 _31 feet. How long is the base of
the window?

6. A triangular sail has a base length of 2.5 meters. The area of the sail
is 3.75 square meters. How tall is the sail?

7. A section in a stained glass window is shaped like a trapezoid. The

top base is 4 centimeters and the bottom base is 2.5 centimeters
long. If the area of the section of glass is 3.9 square centimeters,
how tall is the section?

8. Multistep Amelia wants to paint three walls in her family room.

Two walls are 26 feet long by 9 feet wide. The other wall is 18 feet
long by 9 feet wide.
a. What is the total area of the walls that Amelia wants to paint?
b. Each gallon of paint covers about 250 square feet. How many
gallons of paint should Amelia buy to paint the walls?

9. Critical Thinking The area of a triangular block is 64 square

inches. If the base of the triangle is twice the height, how long are
the base and the height of the triangle?

10. Multistep Alex needs to varnish the top and the bottom of a
dozen rectangular wooden planks. The planks are 8 feet long and
3 feet wide. Each pint of varnish covers about 125 square feet and
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

costs $3.50.
a. What is the total area that Alex needs to varnish?
b. How much will it cost Alex to varnish all the wooden planks?

11. Multistep Leia cuts congruent triangular patches with an area

of 45 square centimeters from a rectangular piece of fabric that is
18 centimeters long and 10 centimeters wide. How many of the
patches can Leia cut from 32 pieces of the fabric?

12. Multistep A farmer needs to buy fertilizer for two fields. One field is
shaped like a trapezoid, and the other is shaped like a triangle. The
trapezoidal field has bases that are 35 and 48 yards and a height of
26 yards. The triangular field has the same height as the trapezoidal
field and a base of 39 yards. Each bag of fertilizer covers 150 square
yards. How many bags of fertilizer does the farmer need to buy?

Lesson 13.3 387

13. A tennis court for singles play is 78 feet long and 27 feet wide.
a. The court for doubles play is 9 feet wider than the court for
singles play. How much more area is covered by the tennis
court used for doubles play?
b. The junior court for players 8 and under is 36 feet long and 18
feet wide. How much more area is covered by the tennis court
used for singles play?
c. The court for players 10 and under is 18 feet shorter than the
court for singles play. How much more area is covered by the
tennis court used for singles play?

14. Draw Conclusions The cross section of a metal ingot is a

trapezoid. The cross section has an area of 39 square centimeters.
The top base of the cross section is 12 centimeters. The length of
the bottom base is 2 centimeters greater than the top base. How
tall is the metal ingot? Explain.

FOCUS ON HIGHER ORDER THINKING Work Area

15. Analyze Relationships A mirror is made

of two congruent parallelograms as shown
in the diagram. The parallelograms have a
combined area of 9 _31 square yards. The height
of each parallelogram is 1 _13 yards.
a. How long is the base of each 1 yd
—
2
parallelogram?

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

b. What is the area of the smallest rectangle of wall that the
mirror could fit on?

16. Persevere in Problem Solving 1 in.

A watercolor painting is 20 inches
20 in.
long by 9 inches wide. Ramon makes a
border around the watercolor painting 9 in.
by making a mat that adds 1 inch to
each side of the length and the width.
What is the area of the mat?

388 Unit 6
 LESSON COMMON
CORE 6.G.1

13.4 Area of Polygons Find the area of ... polygons

by composing into rectangles
or decomposing into triangles
and other shapes ....

? ESSENTIAL QUESTION
How can you find the area of a polygon by breaking it into
simpler shapes?

COMMON
EXPLORE ACTIVITY CORE 6.G.1

Finding Areas Using Tangrams

A tangram is a square that is divided into smaller shapes.
The area of the small square is 1 square unit. Use a tangram
1
to find the area of each of the other tangram pieces.
A Place one large triangle on top of the other large
triangle. What is true about these two triangles? What
does this mean about the areas of these two triangles?

B Place the two small triangles on top of the square. What is the
area of each small triangle? Write this area on the diagram.
C Arrange the square and one of the small triangles as shown.

What is the combined area?

Place the parallelogram and the other small triangle on top

of the combined square and triangle. What is the area of the
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

parallelogram? Explain.

Reflect
1. Critical Thinking Complete the rest of the diagram by filling in
the remaining areas. Explain how you found your answers.

Lesson 13.4 389

 Finding Areas of Polygons
You can find the areas of polygons by breaking the polygons into smaller
shapes. Then you can apply area formulas you already know.
Math On the Spot
my.hrw.com EXAMPLE 1 COMMON
CORE 6.G.1

Find the area of each polygon.

A STEP 1 Draw a horizontal line
segment on the diagram that
8 cm
Math Talk divides the polygon into a 13 cm
Mathematical Practices rectangle and a triangle. 7 cm
What other shapes could
you divide the polygon in
STEP 2 Find the area of the
A into? What formulas rectangle. 16 cm
would you use?
A = bh = 16 · 7 = 112 square centimeters
STEP 3 Find the area of the triangle.

b = 16 - 8 = 8 h = 13 - 7 = 6

A = _12 bh = _12 · 8 · 6 = 24 square centimeters

STEP 4 Add the areas from Steps 2 and 3 to find the total area.

A = 112 + 24 = 136 square centimeters

B STEP 1 Extend the top edge and the 20 ft

right edge of the polygon to
form a square with side length
60 feet. Find the area of this 60 ft
square.
30 ft
60 · 60 = 360 square feet

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

60 ft
STEP 2 Notice that the square you drew
has a rectangular “missing piece.”
Find the area of this missing piece.

b = 60 - 20 = 40 h = 60 - 30 = 30

A = bh = 40 · 30 = 120 square feet

STEP 3 Subtract the area in Step 2 from the area in Step 1.

A = 360 - 120 = 240 square feet

Reflect
2. Describe another way to find the area of the polygon in B .

390 Unit 6
 YOUR TURN
Find the area of each polygon.
Personal
3. 4m 4. 18 in. Math Trainer
Online Assessment
3m 9 in. and Intervention
6m 18 in. 18 in. my.hrw.com
8m
3m 36 in.

A= square meters A= square inches

Solving Real-World Problems

You can apply the technique of dividing a shape into smaller shapes in
problems that involve finding area.
Math On the Spot
EXAMPL 2
EXAMPLE COMMON
CORE 6.G.1 my.hrw.com

The diagram shows the shape and 15 ft

dimensions of Teresa’s rose garden. My Notes
9 ft
A Find the area of the garden.
18 ft
STEP 1 Draw a horizontal line segment
on the diagram that divides the
polygon into two rectangles,
one on top of the other. 24 ft
STEP 2 Find the area of the smaller (top) rectangle.

A = bh = 15 · 9 = 135 square feet

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

STEP 3 Find the area of the larger (bottom) rectangle.

The base of the larger rectangle is 24 feet.

The height is 18 - 9 = 9 feet.

A = bh = 24 · 9 = 216 square feet

STEP 4 Add the areas from Steps 2 and 3 to find the total area.

A = 135 + 216 = 351 square feet

The area of the garden is 351 square feet.

B Teresa wants to buy mulch for her garden. One bag of mulch covers
12 square feet. How many bags will she need?
351 square feet
___________
12 square feet
= 29.25 Divide to find the number of bags needed.

Teresa will need to buy 30 bags of mulch.

Lesson 13.4 391
 YOUR TURN 30 ft

5. The diagram shows the floor plan of a hotel 15.5 ft

Personal lobby. Carpet costs $3 per square foot. How 42 ft
Math Trainer
much will it cost to carpet the lobby?
Online Assessment 15.5 ft
and Intervention
my.hrw.com
30 ft

Guided Practice
1. In the diagram, the area of the large square is 1 square unit.
Two diagonal segments divide the square into four equal-sized
triangles. Two of these triangles are divided into smaller red and
blue triangles that all have the same height and base length.
Find the area of a red triangle. (Explore Activity)

Find the area of each polygon. (Example 1)

2. 4 ft 3. 16 m

10 ft 10 m
14 ft 8m

20 m
18 ft

A= square feet A= square meters

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

4. Jess is painting a giant arrow on a playground. Find the area of 5 ft
the giant arrow. If one can of paint covers 100 square feet, 18 ft
how many cans should Jess buy? (Example 2) 24 ft
10 ft

5 ft

?
? ESSENTIAL QUESTION CHECK-IN

5. How can you find the area of a polygon that is not one for which you
know an area formula?

392 Unit 6
 Name Class Date

13.4 Independent Practice Personal

Math Trainer
COMMON Online
CORE 6.G.1 Assessment and
my.hrw.com Intervention

6. Alice wants to put wall-to-wall carpeting in a small room with the

7.5 ft
floor plan shown.
5 ft
a. Alice says she can find the area of the room by dividing the 7.5 ft
10 ft
floor plan into two trapezoids. Show how she can divide the
5 ft
floor plan. Then find the area using her method.
15 ft

b. Describe another way to find the area.

c. How much will Alice pay for carpet that costs $4.50 per square foot?

6 ft
7. Hal’s backyard has a patio, a walkway, and a garden.
5 ft Patio Lawn

Walkway
a. About what percent of the total area of Hal’s
backyard is the area taken up by the patio,
walkway, and garden? Round to the nearest
Lawn Garden 3 ft
whole percent.
8 ft 9 ft

b. One longer side of Hal’s backyard lies next to the back of his house.
Hal wants to build a fence that costs $9.75 per foot around the other
three sides. How much will Hal spend on his new fence?
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

8. The students in a furniture-making class make a tabletop shaped like the 4 ft

figure shown. 1 ft 1 ft
a. What is the area of the tabletop?
3 ft

1 ft 1 ft
b. One of the students wants to make a tabletop shaped like a right
triangle. This tabletop will have the same area as the tabletop shown.
What are a set of possible lengths for the sides of the tabletop that
meet in a right angle? Explain.

Lesson 13.4 393

 9. Multistep Cho is making banners shaped like triangles out of a 28 in.
rectangular piece of fabric. She cuts out two triangular banners
as shown.
21 in.
a. What is the area of a triangular banner?

7 in.
b. What are the dimensions of the fabric left over after Cho
cuts out the two banners?

c. What is the maximum number of banners that Cho can

cut out from the fabric? Will she use all the fabric?

Work Area
FOCUS ON HIGHER ORDER THINKING

10. Persevere in Problem Solving The base of

a parallelogram is 8 units, and the height is
5 units. A segment divides the parallelogram
into two identical trapezoids. The height
of each trapezoid is 5 units. Draw the
parallelogram and the two trapezoids on
the grid shown. Then find the area of one
of the trapezoids.

11. Persevere in Problem Solving The figure shown is a b

square with a triangular hole cut into one side. The ratio
of the height h of the triangle to a side length of the h
square is 7 to 8. The ratio of the base b of the triangle
to the side length of the square is 1 to 2. If the area of

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

the square is 64 square inches, what is the area of the
shaded part of the square? Show your work.

394 Unit 6
 MODULE QUIZ

Ready Personal
Math Trainer
13.1 Area of Quadrilaterals Online Assessment
and Intervention
my.hrw.com
1. Find the area of the figure. 1 yd
12 —
2

1 yd
17 —
5

13.2 Area of Triangles

2. Find the area of the triangle. 14 ft

17 ft
13.3 Solving Area Equations
3. A triangular pane of glass has a height of 30 inches and an area of
270 square inches. What is the length of the base of the pane?

4. A tabletop in the shape of a trapezoid has an area of 6,550 square

centimeters. Its longer base measures 115 centimeters, and the shorter
base is 85 centimeters. What is the height?

13.4 Area of Polygons 5 cm

5. Find the area of the polygon. 5 cm 8 cm

square centimeters
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

ESSENTIAL QUESTION

6. How can you find the area of an irregular polygon using area formulas?

Module 13 395
 MODULE 13 MIXED REVIEW Personal
Math Trainer
Assessment Online
Assessment and
Readiness my.hrw.com Intervention

Selected Response 4. The trapezoid below has an area of

1,575 cm2.
1. The lengths of the diagonals of the
rhombus are given. What is the area of the 63 cm
rhombus?
23 in.

27 cm
28 in.

Which equation could you solve to find the

height of the trapezoid?
A 45h = 1,575 C 850.5h = 1,575
A 161 in2 C 644 in2 B 90h = 1,575 D 1,701h = 1,575

B 322 in2 D 966 in2

2. In the triangle below, the value of h is _34 the

Mini-Task
side length that is labeled on the figure. 5. Cindy is designing a rectangular fountain
What is the area of the triangle? in the middle of a courtyard. The rest of the
courtyard will be covered in stone.

h 22 ft
Courtyard
6 ft
4.8 mm 12 ft Fountain

A 3.6 mm2 C 8.64 mm2

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

B 6.4 mm2 D 17.28 mm2
The part of the courtyard that will be
3. Tim is designing a logo. The logo is a covered in stone has an area of
polygon whose shape is a square attached 246 square feet.
to an equilateral triangle. The square and
the equilateral triangle have side lengths of a. What is the width of the fountain?
2 centimeters, and the equilateral triangle
has a height of about 1.7 cm. Find the area
of the logo. b. What fraction of the area of the
A 1.7 cm
2
C 5.7 cm2 courtyard will be occupied by the
fountain?
B 4 cm2 D 7.4 cm2

396 Unit 6
 Distance and Area in
14
MODULE

the Coordinate Plane

LESSON 14.1

? ESSENTIAL QUESTION
Distance in the
Coordinate Plane
What steps might you take
COMMON
to solve a polygon problem CORE 6.NS.6b, 6.NS.8
given the coordinates of its
vertices? LESSON 14.2
Polygons in the
Coordinate Plane
COMMON
CORE 6.G.3
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company • Image Credits: © Balefire/

Real-World Video
Many cities are designed on a grid. You can use the
lengths of blocks to calculate perimeters and areas
just like on a coordinate plane.
my.hrw.com
Shutterstock.com

my.hrw.com my.hrw.com Math On the Spot Animated Math Personal Math Trainer
Go digital with your Scan with your smart Interactively explore Get immediate
write-in student phone to jump directly key concepts to see feedback and help as
edition, accessible on to the online edition, how math works. you work through
any device. video tutor, and more. practice sets.

397
 Are YOU Ready?
Complete these exercises to review skills you will need Personal
for this module. Math Trainer
Online
Assessment and
Graph Ordered Pairs my.hrw.com Intervention

EXAMPLE Find the coordinates for Point A.

y
6 Start at 0.
Count 8 units to the right
4
and 2 units up from O.
2 A
x
O 2 4 6 8 10

The coordinates for Point A are (8, 2).

Write the ordered pair for each point shown on the graph. y
10

1. Point V 2. Point W 8 X
6
W
3. Point X 4. Point Y 4 V
Z
2 Y
5. Point Z x
O 2 4 6 8 10

Identify Polygons
EXAMPLE Name the type of polygon.
Count the number of sides.
Compare the sides.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Compare the angles.

There are 4 congruent sides and angles. The shape is a rhombus.

Name each figure. Choose from hexagon, isosceles triangle,

right triangle, and trapezoid.

6. 7.

398 Unit 6
 Reading Start-Up Vocabulary
Review Words
Visualize Vocabulary ✔ absolute value (valor
absoluto)
Use the ✔ words to complete the graphic. ✔ area (área)
✔ axis (eje)
coordinate plane (plano
Use the coordinates to find Add or subtract these to find cartesiano)
the distance from the origin the distance between two ✔ perimeter (perímetro)
on each points on a coordinate plane
Preview Words
polygon (polígono)
reflection
(reflexión)
If a rectangle is formed, If a shape is formed, add the
vertex, vertices (vértice,
multiply base and height to sides to find
vértices)
find

Understand Vocabulary
Complete the sentences using the preview words.

1. A corner of a rectangle is called a .

2. How an image would appear in a mirror is called a .

3. A two-dimensional shape with straight sides is

a .
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Active Reading
Two-Panel Flip Chart Create a two-panel
flip chart to help you understand the
concepts in Lesson 14.1. Label one flap
“Reflection across the x-axis.” Label the
other flap “Reflection across the y-axis.”
Write important ideas about each type
of reflection under the appropriate flap.

Module 14 399
 MODULE 14

Unpacking the Standards

Understanding the standards and the vocabulary terms in the
standards will help you know exactly what you are expected to
learn in this module.

COMMON
CORE 6.NS.8
Solve real-world and
What It Means to You
mathematical problems by You will find the distance between two points on a coordinate
graphing points in all four plane.
quadrants of the coordinate
UNPACKING EXAMPLE 6.NS.8
plane. Include use of
coordinates and absolute value Find the distance between points A and B.
to find distances between
Add the absolute values of the y-coordinates.
points with the same first y
coordinate or the same second = | 3 | + | - 4 |
4
coordinate. A
=3+4
2
=7 x
-4 -2 O 2 4
The distance between points
A and B is 7 units. -2
B
-4

COMMON
CORE 6.G.3
Draw polygons in the coordinate What It Means to You

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

plane given coordinates for You can draw polygons on a coordinate plane by plotting the
the vertices; …Apply these vertices and connecting them.
techniques in the context
of solving real-world and UNPACKING EXAMPLE 6.G.3
mathematical problems. y
What type of polygon can you
make by plotting these points? 4
A B
Point A (-4, 2)
Point B (2, 2) x
-4 -2 O 2 4
Point C (-4, -2)
Point D (2, -2) C D
Visit my.hrw.com
Connect each point. -4
to see all the
Common Core The points make a rectangle.
Standards
unpacked.
my.hrw.com

400 Unit 6
 LESSON
Distance in the COMMON
CORE 6.NS.8

14.1 Coordinate Plane

Solve...problems by graphing
points....Include use of
coordinates and absolute
value to find distances
between points... Also
6.NS.6b

? ESSENTIAL QUESTION
How can you use absolute value to find the distance between
two points with the same x- or y-coordinates?

COMMON

EXPLORE ACTIVITY 1 CORE 6.NS.6b

Reflecting in the Coordinate Plane

A point on a coordinate plane can be reflected across an axis. The reflection Hold your paper
is located on the opposite side of the axis, at the same distance from up to the light if
the axis. necessary to see
the reflection.
Draw a coordinate plane on graph paper. Label both axes from −10 to 10.
A Graph (3, −2). Then fold your coordinate plane along the y-axis and
find the reflection of (3, −2). Record the coordinates of the new point
in the table.
B Unfold your coordinate plane. Then fold it Reflected across Reflected across
along the x-axis and find the reflection of Point y-axis x-axis
(3, −2). Record the coordinates of the new (3, −2)
point in the table.
C Choose three additional points and
repeat A and B .

Reflect
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

1. What is the relationship between the coordinates of a point and the

coordinates of its reflection across each axis?

2. Conjecture A point is reflected across the y-axis. Then the reflected

point is reflected across the x-axis. How will the coordinates of the final
point be related to the coordinates of the original point?

Lesson 14.1 401

 Finding Distances in the
Coordinate Plane
You can also use absolute values to find distances between two points that
Math On the Spot have the same x-coordinates or the same y-coordinates on a coordinate plane.
my.hrw.com

EXAMPLE 1 COMMON
CORE 6.NS.6b

Find each distance. y

A What is the distance between point A

and point B? A (4, 3)
2
STEP 1 Find the distance between x
point A and the x-axis. -2 O 2
-2
The y-coordinate is 3, so B (4, -2)
point A is |3| units from
the x-axis. D (-5, -4) C (-1, -4)
Math Talk
Mathematical Practices
STEP 2 Find the distance between
How is the distance between point B and the x-axis.
a point and its reflection
across an axis related to the
distance between the The y-coordinate of B is −2, so point B is |−2| = 2 units from
point and the axis? the x-axis.
Explain.
STEP 3 Find the sum of the distances.

Distance from A to B = |3| + |−2| = 3 + 2 = 5 units.

B What is the distance between point D and point C?
STEP 1 Find the distance between point D and the y-axis.

Point D is |−5| = 5 units from the y-axis.

STEP 2 Find the distance between point C and the y-axis.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Point C is |−1| = 1 unit from the y-axis.

STEP 3 Find the distance between C and D by finding this

difference:

Distance of D from the y-axis − distance of C from the y-axis

|−5| − |−1| = 4 units

YOUR TURN
Personal
Math Trainer Find the distance between each pair of points.
Online Assessment
and Intervention 3. E(−4, 7) and F(5, 7) 4. G(0, −5) and H(0, −10)
my.hrw.com

402 Unit 6
 Solving Distance Problems
You can solve problems using the distance between points on a grid.

EXAMPL 2
EXAMPLE Problem COMMON
Solving CORE 6.NS.8 Math On the Spot
my.hrw.com
The coordinate plane represents a map. y
Each grid unit represents 20 miles. A retail 80
company has warehouses at M(−70, 10) and
N(50, 10). How long does it take a truck that 40
drives 40 miles per hour to travel from M (-70, 10) N (50, 10)
x
warehouse M to warehouse N? -80 -40 O 40 80
-40
Analyze Information
-80
Identify the important information.
• One warehouse is located at M(−70, 10).
The other is at N(50, 10).
• A truck drives from M to N at a speed of 40 miles per hour.

Formulate a Plan
• Find the distance between M and N by adding the absolute values of
the x-coordinates of the points.
• Find the time it takes the truck to drive this distance by using the
relationship, distance = rate · time.

Justify and Evaluate

Solve
Add the absolute values of the x-coordinates to find the distance between
point M and point N on the grid.
|-70| + |50| = 70 + 50 = 120
The warehouses are 120 miles apart.
The truck drives 120 miles at 40 mi/h. Because 120 = 40(3), it takes the
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

truck 3 hours to travel from M to N.

Justify and Evaluate

You found the sum of the absolute values of the x-coordinates to find the
horizontal distance on the grid. Then you used distance = rate · time to
find the time it takes to drive that distance.

YOUR TURN
5. A store is located at P(50, -30). How long will it take a truck driving at Personal
50 miles per hour to drive from warehouse N to this store? Math Trainer
Online Assessment
and Intervention
my.hrw.com

Lesson 14.1 403

Guided Practice
1. The point (5, −2) is reflected across the x-axis. What are the coordinates of
the reflection? (Explore Activity)

2. The point (−6, 8) is reflected across the y-axis. What are the coordinates of
the reflection? (Explore Activity)

Use the coordinate plane. (Example 1) y

3. The distance between point A and point B is 2

| |+| |= + = units.
-2 O 2 4 6
x

4. The distance between point A and point C is -2 C (1, -3)

| |-| |= − = units.
B (-2, -3) A (5, -3)

5. Plot the reflection of point C across the y-axis.

What is the distance between point C and its reflection?

6. Plot the reflection of point A across the x-axis.

What is the distance of the reflection from the x-axis?

Use the map shown. Each grid on the map represents 1 city block. y
(-2, 4)
(Example 2) 4
Library (3, 4)
7. Yoko walks from the library to the mall. 2 Mall
How many city blocks does she walk?
x
8. If Yoko walks 1 block in 3 minutes, how long does it 4 2 O 2 4
take her to walk from the school to the library? How (-3.5, -3) -2
long does it take her to walk from home to school? Home (-2, -3)

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

School
-4

?
? ESSENTIAL QUESTION CHECK-IN

9. How do you use absolute value to find the distance between two points
that have the same x-coordinates but different y-coordinates?

404 Unit 6
 Name Class Date

14.1 Independent Practice Personal

Math Trainer
COMMON Online
CORE 6.NS.6b, 6.NS.8 Assessment and
my.hrw.com Intervention

Use the coordinate plane.

10. Plot the reflection of point A across the x-axis. What are the y
coordinates of the reflection of point A across the x-axis? 4
What is the distance between point A and its reflection?
2
x
11. How can you plot the reflection of point A across the y-axis? -4 -2 O 2 4
Give the coordinates of the reflection across the y-axis, and -2
tell how many units the reflection is from point A. A(1.5, -2.5)
-4

Find the coordinates of each point after the described reflection. Give the
distance between each point and its reflection.

12. R(−5, 8) is reflected across the x-axis.

13. S(−7, −3) is reflected across the y-axis.

14. T(8, 2) is reflected across the x-axis.

15. U(2.4, −1) is reflected across the y-axis

Pedro uses a coordinate system to map the locations of some tourist Historic Village Water Park
locations in a large city. Each grid unit represents one mile. (-4 12_ , 5 14_ ) (0, 5 14_ )
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

16. The planetarium, which is not marked on the map, is halfway

between the historic village and the science center. What are
its coordinates?
Science Center Museum
(-4 12_ , -1 34_ ) (2, -1 34_ )
17. Pedro wants to walk from the historic village to the science center.
Then he will walk from the science center to the museum. If he
walks at a speed of 4 _12 miles per hour, how long will it take him?

18. Pedro is staying at a hotel whose location is a reflection across

the x-axis of the museum’s location. What are the coordinates of
the location of Pedro’s hotel?

Lesson 14.1 405

 FOCUS ON HIGHER ORDER THINKING Work Area

19. Communicate Mathematical Ideas Deirdre plotted a point D in

Quadrant IV. After she reflected the point across an axis, the reflection
was in Quadrant III. Give possible coordinates for point D and its
reflection, and tell why you chose these coordinates.

20. Explain the Error Jason plotted the points (4, 4) and (−4, −4) on a
coordinate plane. He says that the distance between the two points is 8
units because |4| + |−4| = 8. What mistake is Jason making?

21. Look for a Pattern A point is reflected over the x-axis and then reflected
again over the y-axis. Will the coordinates after these two reflections be
the same or different if the point is first reflected over the y-axis and then
over the x-axis? Use an example to support your answer.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

22. Explain the Error Bentley states that the distance between R(−8, −3.5)
and S(−8, −12) is |−12| + |−3.5| = 15.5 units. Is Bentley correct? Explain
your answer. If Bentley is not correct, explain how to find the correct
distance between the points.

406 Unit 6
 LESSON
Polygons in the COMMON
CORE 6.G.3

14.2 Coordinate Plane

Draw polygons in the
coordinate plane;…find
the length of a side… in
the context of solving…
problems.

? ESSENTIAL QUESTION
How can you solve problems by drawing polygons in the
coordinate plane?

COMMON
6.G.3
EXPLORE ACTIVITY
CORE

Polygons in the Coordinate Plane

A polygon is a closed plane figure formed by three or more line
segments that meet only at their endpoints. A vertex is the point
where two sides of a polygon meet. The vertices of a polygon can be
represented as ordered pairs, and the polygon can then be drawn in
the coordinate plane.

Sheila wants to make a pattern of two different tile shapes on

a floor. She first graphs the shapes on a coordinate plane.
y
A Plot these points to form one of the tile shapes:
6
A(3, 5), B(4, 6), C(5, 5), D(4, 4)
4
Connect the points in order.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company • Image Credits: CVI Textures/

2
The polygon formed is a(n) .
x
B Plot these points to form the other tile shape: -4 -2 O 2 4
-2
P(-5, 2), Q(-4, 3), R(0, 3), S(1, 2),
-4
T(1, -2), U(0, -3), V(-4, -3), W(-5, -2)

Connect the points in order.

The polygon formed is a(n) .

Reflect
1. How is the number of vertices related to the number of sides of the
polygon and to the type of polygon? Give two examples.
Alamy

Lesson 14.2 407

 Finding Perimeter in the
Coordinate Plane
You can use what you know about finding lengths in the coordinate plane to
Math On the Spot find the perimeter of a polygon.
my.hrw.com

EXAMPLE 1 COMMON
CORE 6.G.3

The grid shows the path Tommy followed when he walked from his home
at (0, 0) to various locations and back home again. If each grid square
represents one block, how many blocks did he walk?
y
Home (0, 0)
10
Library (0, 4)
8
Park (5, 4)
6
Math Talk Friend’s house (5, 2)
Mathematical Practices 4
How do you find the
distance between two points 2 Pond (7, 2)
in the same quadrant
that have the same x Store (7, 0)
x-coordinate? 2 4 6 8 10

STEP 1 Find each distance. Each grid unit represents one block.

Tommy’s home (0, 0) to the library (0, 4) is

|4| − 0 = 4 − 0 = 4 blocks.
The library (0, 4) to the park (5, 4) is |5| − 0 = 5 − 0 = 5 blocks.
The park (5, 4) to Tommy’s friend’s house (5, 2) is
|4| − |2| = 4 − 2 = 2 blocks.
Tommy’s friend’s house (5, 2) to the pond (7, 2) is
|7| − |5| = 7 – 5 = 2 blocks.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

The pond (7, 2) to the store (7, 0) is |2| − 0 = 2 − 0 = 2 blocks.
The store (7, 0) to Tommy’s home (0, 0) is
|7| − 0 = 7 − 0 = 7 blocks.
STEP 2 Find the sum of the distances.

Tommy walked 4 + 5 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 7 = 22 blocks.

YOUR TURN
Personal 2. Suppose the next day Tommy walks from his home to the mall at
Math Trainer (0, 8), and then walks to a movie theater at (7, 8). After leaving the
Online Assessment
and Intervention theater Tommy walks to the store at (7, 0) before returning home.
my.hrw.com
How far does he walk? blocks

408 Unit 6
 Finding Area in the Coordinate Plane
You can use familiar area formulas to find areas of polygons in the coordinate
plane.

Math On the Spot

EXAMPL 2
EXAMPLE COMMON
CORE 6.G.3 my.hrw.com

Caleb is planning a new deck for his house. He graphs the deck as polygon
ABCDEF on a coordinate plane in which each grid unit represents one foot.
The vertices of the polygon are A(1, 0), B(3, 2), C(3, 5), D(8, 5), E(8, 2), and
F(6, 0). What is the area of Caleb’s deck? y

STEP 1 Graph the vertices, and connect them in 10

order. 8
6 C D
Draw a horizontal dashed line
4
segment to divide the polygon into B E
2
two quadrilaterals—a rectangle and a A F x
parallelogram. O 2 4 6 8 10

STEP 2 Find the area of the rectangle using the length of segment BE as
the base b and the length of segment BC as the height h.

b = |8| − |3| = 5 feet h = |5| − |2| = 3 feet

A = bh = 5 ∙ 3 = 15 square feet
STEP 3 Find the area of the parallelogram using the length of segment AF
as the base. Use the length of a segment from F(6, 0) to the point
(6, 2) as the height h.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company • Image Credits: Dorling

b = |6| − |1| = 5 feet h = |2| − 0 = 2 feet

A = bh = 5 ∙ 2 = 10 square feet
STEP 4 Add the areas to find the total area of the deck.

A = 15 + 10 = 25 square feet
Kindersley/Getty Images

YOUR TURN
3. The vertices of a polygon are y
L(1, 2), M(1, 6), N(7, 6), O(7, 2), P(5, 0), 10
and Q(3, 0). Graph the polygon. Then 8
find its area. 6
4
A= square units Personal
2 Math Trainer
x Online Assessment
O 2 4 6 8 10 and Intervention
my.hrw.com

Lesson 14.2 409

Guided Practice
A gardener uses a coordinate grid to design a new y
garden. The gardener uses polygon WXYZ on the grid 5
to represent the garden. The vertices of this polygon
are W(3, 3), X(−3, 3), Y(−3, −3), and Z(3, −3). Each
grid unit represents one yard.
x
1. Graph the points, and connect them in order. What -5 O 5
is the shape of the garden? (Explore Activity)

2. How much fencing will the gardener need to -5

enclose the garden? (Example 1)

Each side of the garden is yards in length.

The gardener will need yards of fencing to enclose

the garden.
3. What is the area of the garden? (Example 2)

4. A clothing designer makes letters for varsity jackets y

by graphing the letters as polygons on a coordinate 5
plane. One of the letters is polygon ABCDEF. The
vertices of this polygon are A(3, −2), B(3, −4),
C(−3, −4), D(−3, 4), E(−1, 4), and F(−1, −2). Each
grid unit represents one inch. Graph the points x
on the coordinate plane, and connect them in -5 O 5
order. Identify the letter formed. Then find its area.
(Example 2)

-5

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

?
? ESSENTIAL QUESTION CHECK-IN

5. How can you use a coordinate plane to solve perimeter and area
problems?

410 Unit 6
 Name Class Date

14.2 Independent Practice Personal

Math Trainer
COMMON Online
CORE 6.G.3 Assessment and
my.hrw.com Intervention

6. A graphic designer creates letters for wall art by first graphing the y
letters as polygons on a coordinate plane. One of the letters 10
is polygon MNOPQRSTUV with vertices M(2, 1), N(2, 9), O(7, 9), 8
P(7, 7), Q(4, 7), R(4, 6), S(6, 6), T(6, 4), U(4, 4), and V(4, 1). Each grid unit 6
represents one inch.
4
a. Graph the points on the coordinate plane, and connect them in 2
x
order. What letter is formed? O 2 4 6 8 10

b. The designer will use decorative tape to paint the outline of the

letter on a wall. How many inches of tape are needed?

c. How much space does the letter cover on the wall?
d. How did you find your answer to c? Use the name(s) of shapes in your
answer.

7. Vocabulary The polygon shown is a regular polygon since all sides have
equal length and all angles have equal measure. y
a. The polygon is a regular . 10

b. What is the perimeter of the polygon? 8

c. A line can divide the figure into two identical four-sided polygons. 6

Each polygon has two bases, and one base is twice the length of 4
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

the other base. Identify the polygon, and give its perimeter.
2
x
O 2 4 6 8 10
8. Jean wants to put furniture in her clubhouse. She drew
a floor plan of the clubhouse, as shown. Each grid unit y
represents one foot. 5

a. Which polygon names the shape of the floor?

5 x
-5 O 5 5
b. How many feet of baseboard are needed to go around the
entire clubhouse?
-5

c. How much carpet is needed for the clubhouse floor?

Lesson 14.2 411

 FOCUS ON HIGHER ORDER THINKING Work Area

9. Persevere in Problem Solving To find the y

area of triangle ABC, Jen first drew a square 10
around the figure. Two sides of the square 8
B
passed through the points B and C. The other
6 C
two sides met at point A. Draw Jen’s square,
4
and explain how you can use it to find the
2 A
area of triangle ABC. x
O 2 4 6 8 10

10. Communicate Mathematical Ideas The coordinates A(5, −2), B(3, −1),
C(−4, −4), D(−3, 8), and E(−1, 4) form the vertices of a polygon when
they are connected in order from A through E. Classify the polygon
without plotting the points. Explain your answer.

11. Explain the Error Josh’s teacher draws a regular octagon on a coordinate
plane. One side has endpoints at (1, 5) and (4, 5). Josh says he can’t
find the perimeter of the octagon because he can only find lengths of

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

horizontal and vertical segments. He says he can’t find the lengths of the
slanted sides of the octagon. What mistake is Josh making? What is the
perimeter of the octagon?

12. Critical Thinking Give coordinates for the vertices of a triangle that
could have an area of 35 square units. Prove that your triangle fits the
description by finding its area.

412 Unit 6
 MODULE QUIZ

Ready Personal
Math Trainer
14.1 Distance in the Coordinate Plane Online Assessment
and Intervention
my.hrw.com
1. Reflect A across the x-axis. Label the reflection as
N, and give its coordinates on the graph.
y

2. Reflect B across the x-axis. Label the reflection as 4

M, and give its coordinates on the graph.
B (3, 1)
3. The distance between A and N is . x
-4 O 4
4. Suppose the graph represents a map in which each A (-2, -1)
grid unit equals 1 mile. If a school is located at B
and a library is located at N, what is the distance -4

between the school and the library?

Find the coordinates of the point for each reflection.
5. (-5, 7) across the x-axis 6. (2, 5.5) across the y-axis

Find the distance between each pair of points.

7. (1, 1) and (1, -2) units 8. (-2, 3) and (-4, 3) units

14.2 Polygons in the Coordinate Plane y

9. On the coordinate plane shown, each grid unit 40
represents 10 feet. Polygon QRST has vertices
Q(10, 20), R(−10, 20), S(−10, −10), and T(10, −10),
and represents the floor plan of a room. Find the x
perimeter and area of the room. -40 -20 O 20 40
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

-40

ESSENTIAL QUESTION

10. Suppose you are given the coordinates of the vertices of a polygon. What steps
could you take to solve a problem involving the polygon’s area?

Module 14 413
 MODULE 14 MIXED REVIEW Personal
Math Trainer
Assessment Online
Assessment and
Readiness my.hrw.com Intervention

Selected Response 5. What is the distance between two points

located at (-6, 2) and (-6, 8) on a
1. Which point is a reflection of point R across coordinate plane?
the x-axis?
A 4 units C 10 units
y
B 6 units D 12 units
3
C R B
1
6. Which is the sum of __ + _3 ?
12 8
x
1 11
-3 O 3 A _ C __
A 6 48
1 11
-3 B _ D __
D 5 24

Mini-Task
A Point A C Point C
7. An artist is laying out the design for a
B Point B D Point D
wall hanging on a coordinate plane. She
2. Which point is a reflection of (12, -8) uses polygon EFGH with vertices E(4, 4),
across the y-axis on a coordinate plane? F(-4, 4), G(-4, -4), and H(4, -4) to
represent the finished piece. Each unit
A (-12, -8) C (8, 12) on the grid represents two feet.
B (-8, 12) D (12, 8)
a. Plot the polygon on the grid, and
3. What is the distance between points J and classify its shape.
L on the grid?
y
y
6
3 L (1, 2.5)

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

x
x
-6 O 6
-3 O 3
J (1, -1)
-6
-3

A 1.5 units C 3 units Name of Polygon:

B 2 units D 3.5 units
b. How much area will the art cover on
4. What is the greatest common factor of 12
a wall?
and 30?
A 2 C 6
B 3 D 12

414 Unit 6
 Surface Area and
15
MODULE

Volume of Solids
LESSON 15.1

? ESSENTIAL QUESTION
Nets and Surface
Area
How can a model help you COMMON
CORE 6.G.4
to solve surface area and
volume problems?
LESSON 15.2
Volume of
Rectangular Prisms
COMMON
CORE 6.G.2

LESSON 15.3
Solving Volume
Equations
COMMON
CORE 6.EE.7, 6.G.2
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company • Image Credits: ©Digital Vision/

Real-World Video
Surface area and volume can be important
considerations when constructing or repairing
buildings or other structures.
my.hrw.com
Getty Images

my.hrw.com my.hrw.com Math On the Spot Animated Math Personal Math Trainer
Go digital with your Scan with your smart Interactively explore Get immediate
write-in student phone to jump directly key concepts to see feedback and help as
edition, accessible on to the online edition, how math works. you work through
any device. video tutor, and more. practice sets.

415
 Are YOU Ready?
Complete these exercises to review skills you will need Personal
for this module. Math Trainer
Online
Assessment and
my.hrw.com Intervention
Use of Parentheses
1
EXAMPLE _
2
(14) (12 + 18) = _21 (14) (30) Perform operations inside parentheses first.
= 7 (30) Multiply left to right.
= 210 Multiply again.

Evaluate.

1. _12 (3) (5 + 7) 2. _12 (15) (13 + 17) 3. _12 (10) (9.4 + 3.6) 4. _12 (2.1) (3.5 + 5.7)

Area of Squares, Rectangles, Triangles

EXAMPLE Find the area of the A = bh Use the formula for area of a rectangle.
rectangle.
 = 8 · 3 Substitute for base and height.
8 ft
 = 24 Multiply.
3 ft
Area equals 24 square feet.

Find the area of each figure.

5. a triangle with base 6 in. and height 3 in.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

6. a square with sides of 7.6 m

7. a rectangle with length 3_41 ft and width 2_21 ft

8. a triangle with base 8.2 cm and height 5.1 cm

416 Unit 6
 Reading Start-Up Vocabulary
Review Words
Visualize Vocabulary area (área)
base (base)
Use review words to complete the graphic. height (altura)
rectangular prism (prisma
Shape Area Formula rectangular)
Shape Area Formula
volume (volumen)

A=b× Preview Words

net (plantilla)
pyramid (pirámide)
surface area (área total)

A = _12 × × h

Understand Vocabulary
Complete the sentences using the preview words.

1. The total area of all the faces of a three-dimensional figure is

called the .

2. A model that looks like an unfolded three-dimensional figure is a

.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

3. A three-dimensional shape with a polygon for a base and triangles

for sides is a .

Active Reading
Booklet Before beginning the module, create
a booklet to help you learn the concepts in this
module. Write the main idea of each lesson on
each page of the booklet. As you study each
lesson, write important details that support the
main idea, such as vocabulary and important steps
in solving problems. Refer to your finished booklet
as you work on assignments and study for tests.

Module 15 417
 MODULE 15

Unpacking the Standards

Understanding the standards and the vocabulary terms in the
standards will help you know exactly what you are expected to
learn in this module.
COMMON
CORE 6.G.2
Find the volume of a right What It Means to You
rectangular prism with fractional You will use the formula for the volume of a rectangular prism.
edge lengths by packing it with
unit cubes of the appropriate UNPACKING EXAMPLE 6.G.2
unit fraction edge lengths, and Jala has an aquarium in the shape of a rectangular prism. The
show that the volume is the dimensions of the base of the aquarium are 1_14 feet by _12 foot, and
same as would be found by the height is _34 foot. Find the volume of the aquarium.
multiplying the edge lengths of
v=l·w·h
the prism. Apply the formulas
V = lwh and V = bh to find = 1_41 · _21 · _43
volumes of right rectangular = _54 · _12 · _43
prisms with fractional edge 15
= __
lengths in the context of solving 32
real-world and mathematical
problems.

15
The volume of the aquarium is __
32
cubic foot.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company • Image Credits: ©GK Hart/Vikki

COMMON
CORE 6.G.4
Represent three-dimensional
figures using nets made up of
What It Means to You
rectangles and triangles, and You will use a net to find the surface area of a
use the nets to find the surface square pyramid.
area of these figures. … UNPACKING EXAMPLE 6.G.4
Meg drew a net to find the surface area of a square pyramid.
Hart/The Image Bank/Getty Images
Square face: A = b × h = 16 square inches

Triangular face: A = _21 b × h = 6 square inches 3 in.

4 in.
Total of the areas:
16 + (4 × 6) = 40 square inches

The surface area is 40 square inches.

Visit my.hrw.com
to see all the
Common Core
Standards
unpacked.
my.hrw.com

418 Unit 6
 LESSON
Nets and Surface COMMON
CORE 6.G.4

15.1 Area
Represent three-dimensional
figures using nets ... and
use the nets to find...surface
area.... Also 6.EE.2c

? ESSENTIAL QUESTION
How can you use nets to find surface areas?

COMMON
EXPLORE ACTIVITY CORE 6.G.4

Using a Net
A net is a two-dimensional pattern of shapes that can be folded
into a three-dimensional figure. The shapes in the net become
the faces of the three-dimensional figure.

A Copy each net on graph paper. Cut out each net along the blue lines.

Net A Net B

One of these nets can be folded along the black lines to make a cube.

Which net will NOT make a cube?

B On your graph paper, draw a different net that you think will make a
cube. Confirm by cutting out and folding your net. Compare results
with several of your classmates. How many different nets for a cube did

you and your classmates find?

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Reflect
How do you know that each net cannot be folded into a cube without
actually cutting and folding it?

1. 2.

Lesson 15.1 419

 EXPLORE ACTIVITY (cont’d)

3. What shapes will appear in a net for a rectangular prism that is not a
cube? How many of these shapes will there be?

Surface Area of a Pyramid

The surface area of a three-dimensional figure is the sum of the areas of its
faces. A net can be helpful when finding surface area.

Math On the Spot A pyramid is a three-dimensional figure whose base is a polygon and whose
my.hrw.com other faces are triangles that meet at a point. A pyramid is identified by the
shape of its base.

EXAMPLE 1 COMMON
CORE 6.G.4

Make a net of this square pyramid, 17 in.

and use the net to find the surface area.

16 in. 16 in.
STEP 1 Make a net of the pyramid.

Animated Draw the square base.

17 in.
Math
Draw a triangle on each side. 16 in.
my.hrw.com

Label the dimensions.

STEP 2 Use the net to find the
Math Talk surface area. 16 in.
Mathematical Practices
How many surfaces does There are four triangles with
a triangular pyramid base 16 in. and height 17 in.
have? What shape

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

are they?
The area of the 4 triangles
is 4 × _12(16)(17) = 544 in2.

The area of the base is 16 × 16 = 256 in2.

The surface area is 544 + 256 = 800 in2.

YOUR TURN
4. Use a net to find the surface area of the
pyramid. 20 in. 20 in.
Personal
Math Trainer
Online Assessment
and Intervention 16 in. 16 in.
my.hrw.com

420 Unit 6
 Surface Area of a Prism
A prism is a three-dimensional figure with two identical and parallel bases that
are polygons. The other faces are rectangles. A prism is identified by the shape
of its base.
Math On the Spot
my.hrw.com
EXAMPL 2
EXAMPLE COMMON
CORE 6.G.4

A sculpture sits on pedestal in the My Notes

shape of a square prism. The side
lengths of a base of the prism are
3 feet. The height of the prism is 4 feet.
The museum director wants to cover
all but the underside of the pedestal
with foil that costs $0.22 per square
foot. How much will the foil cost?

STEP 1 Use a net to show the

faces that will be covered 4 ft Back 4 ft Right
with foil. side
4 ft 3 ft 4 ft
Draw the top.
3 ft Top 3 ft
Draw the faces of the
prism that are connected 3 ft 4 ft
to the top. Left 4 ft
side Front
You don’t need to include
the bottom of the pedestal.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company • Image Credits: Dan Forer/

STEP 2 Use the net to find the area that will be covered with foil.

Area of top = 3 ⋅ 3 = 9 ft2

The other four faces are identical.

Area of four faces = 4 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 4 = 48 ft2

Area to be covered = 9 + 48 = 57 ft2

STEP 3 Find the cost of the foil.
57 ⋅ $0.22 = $12.54
Beateworks/Corbis

The foil will cost $12.54.

Reflect
5. Critical Thinking What shapes would you see in the net of a triangular
prism?

Lesson 15.1 421

 YOUR TURN
6. The figure shown is a triangular prism. How much
Personal would it cost to cover the bases and the other three 3 ft 4 ft
Math Trainer
Online Assessment
faces with foil that costs $0.22 per square foot?
and Intervention
2 ft
my.hrw.com
5 ft

Guided Practice
A square pyramid is shown.

1. The figure has square base

4 in.
4 in. 6 in.
and triangular faces.
(Explore Activity)
2. Find the surface area. (Example 1) 6 in. 6 in.

The area of the base is square inches.

6 in.
The area of the four faces is square inches.
The surface area is square inches.
3. Yolanda makes wooden boxes for a crafts fair. She makes
100 boxes like the one shown, and she wants to paint all 4 in.
the outside faces. (Example 2)
a. Find the surface area of one box. 6 in.
10 in.

b. Find the total surface area of 100 boxes.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

c. One can of paint will cover 14,000 square inches.
How many cans of paint will Yolanda need to buy?

?
? ESSENTIAL QUESTION CHECK-IN

4. How is a net useful when finding the surface area of prisms and pyramids?

422 Unit 6
 Name Class Date

15.1 Independent Practice Personal

Math Trainer
COMMON Online
CORE 6.G.4 Assessment and
my.hrw.com Intervention

5. Use a net to find the surface area of the cereal box.

Total surface area:

12 in.
6. Inez bought a shipping container at a packaging
store. She measured the dimensions shown.
2 in.
8 in.
a. Sketch a net of the shipping container, and label
the dimensions.

3.6 in.

15 in.

3 in.
b. Find the surface area of the shipping container.

4 in.

7. Raj builds a side table in the shape of a cube. Each edge of the cube
measures 20 inches. Raj wants to cover the top and four sides of the table
with ceramic tiles. Each tile has an edge length of 5 inches. How many
tiles will he need?
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

8. Santana wants to cover a gift box shaped like a rectangular prism with foil.
The foil costs $0.03 per square inch. Santana has a choice between Box A
which is 8 inches long, 3 inches wide, and 6 inches high, and Box B which
is 10 inches long, 3 inches wide, and 4 inches high. Which box will be less
expensive to cover with foil, and by how much?

9. Vocabulary Name a three-dimensional shape that has four triangular

faces and one rectangular face. Name a three-dimensional shape that has
three rectangular faces and two triangular faces.

5 in.
10. Victor wrapped the gift box shown with adhesive paper (with no
overlaps). How much paper did he use?
6 in.
8 in.
Lesson 15.1 423
11. Communicate Mathematical Ideas Describe how you approach a
problem involving surface area. What do you do first? What are some
strategies you can use?

FOCUS ON HIGHER ORDER THINKING Work Area

12. Persevere in Problem Solving A pedestal in a craft store is in the shape

of a triangular prism. The bases are right triangles with side lengths of
12 centimeters, 16 centimeters, and 20 centimeters. The store owner
wraps a piece of rectangular cloth around the pedestal, but does not
cover the identical bases of the pedestal with cloth. The area of the cloth
is 192 square centimeters.
a. What is the distance around the base of the pedestal? How do
you know?

b. What is the height of the pedestal? How did you find your answer?

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

13. Critique Reasoning Robert sketches two rectangular prisms, A and B.
Prism A’s side lengths are 5 centimeters, 6 centimeters, and 7 centimeters.
Prism B’s side lengths were twice those of prism A’s: 10 centimeters,
12 centimeters, and 14 centimeters. Robert says the surface area of
prism B is twice the surface area of prism A. Is he correct? If he is not,
how many times as great as prism A’s surface area is prism B’s surface
area? Show your work.

424 Unit 6
 LESSON
Volume of COMMON
CORE 6.G.2

15.2 Rectangular Prisms

Find the volume of a right
rectangular prism with
fractional edge lengths....

? ESSENTIAL QUESTION
How do you find the volume of a rectangular prism?

COMMON
EXPLORE ACTIVITY CORE 6.G.2

Using Fractional Edge Lengths

A cube with edge length 1 unit and volume 1 cubic unit is filled with
smaller cubes as shown.

A How many small cubes are there?

How does the combined volume of the small cubes
compare to the volume of the large cube?
1 unit

Number of Volume of one Volume of

∙ =
small cubes small cube large cube

∙ ? =

What is the volume of one small cube? cubic unit(s)

B Each edge of the large cube contains small cubes.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Number of small Edge length of Edge length of

∙ =
cubes per edge one small cube large cube

∙ ? =

What is the edge length of one small cube? unit(s)

C Complete:
Each small cube has edge length unit(s) and

volume cubic unit(s).

D The formula for volume of a cube with edge length ℓ is V = ℓ · ℓ · ℓ,
or V = ℓ3. Find the volume of one small cube using this formula.

V= =

Lesson 15.2 425

 EXPLORE ACTIVITY (cont’d)

Reflect
1. Several of the small cubes in the Explore Activity are arranged into
a medium-sized cube as shown.

Show two different ways to find the volume of this cube.

Finding Volume
A rectangular prism has six faces. Any pair of opposite faces can be called the
bases of the prism.

Math On the Spot

Volume of a Rectangular Prism
my.hrw.com

V = ℓwh, or V = Bh
(where B represents the area of
the prism’s base; B = ℓw) h

w
l

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

EXAMPLE 1 COMMON
CORE 6.G.2

Find the volume of the rectangular prism.

ℓ = 3 meters w = 2 _14 meters h = 4 _12 meters

V = ℓwh 1
Math Talk 42 m
Mathematical Practices
Can you also use the = 3 ∙ 2 _41 ∙ 4 _12
formula V = Bh to find the
volume? Does it matter which = 3 ∙ _94 ∙ _29 Write each mixed number as 24 m
1
face you choose as an improper fraction.
the base? 3m
243
= ___
8
Multiply.

= 30 _83 cubic meters Write as a mixed number in simplest form.

426 Unit 6
 YOUR TURN
Find the volume of each rectangular prism.
Personal
2. 3. length = 5 _41 inches Math Trainer
Online Assessment
2 12 in. width = 3 _1 inches
and Intervention
2 my.hrw.com
height = 3 inches
4 in.

7 12 in.

Solving Volume Problems

When you solve a real-world problem involving the volume of a prism, you can
choose to use either of the volume formulas you know.

Math On the Spot

EXAMPL 2
EXAMPLE COMMON
CORE 6.G.2 my.hrw.com

A terrarium is shaped like a rectangular prism. The prism is 25 _12 inches long,
13 _21 inches wide, and 16 inches deep. What is the volume of the terrarium?

STEP 1 Choose one side to be the base, and find its area.
B = 25 _12 × 13 _21
1 1
Use the 25 __2
-inch by 13 __
2
- inch face
as the base.
51 __
= __
2
× 27 2 1,377
The area of the base is _____4
square
1,377
____ inches. You need to perform another
= 4
operation, so you don’t need to write
this value as a mixed number.
STEP 2 Find the volume.
V = Bh
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

1,377
1,377
= ____ × 16 Substitute _____
4
for
4 B and 16 for h.
4
1,377 16
= _____
4
× __
1
Simplify before multiplying.
1

= 5,508

The volume of the terrarium is 5,508 cubic inches.

YOUR TURN
4. A rectangular swimming pool is 15 meters long, 10 _21 meters wide,
Personal
and 2 _21 meters deep. What is its volume? Math Trainer
Online Assessment
and Intervention
my.hrw.com

Lesson 15.2 427

Guided Practice
A large cube is made up of smaller unit cubes as shown on the right.
Each small cube has an edge length of _12 unit. (Explore Activity)

1. Each edge of the large cube is units.

2. The volume of the large cube is cubic units.

Find the volume of each prism. (Example 1)

3. 4.

5m
8m

3.2 m
10 m 4m
1
74 m
V= × ×

= cubic meters B= × = m2

V= cubic meters

5. 6.
1
6 2 in.
7.5 ft
1
4 2 in.
18 in.
4 ft
9.25 ft V= cubic inches

V= cubic feet

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

7. A cereal box is 8 _12 inches long, 3 _21 inches wide, and 12 inches high.

What is the volume of the box? (Example 2)

?
? ESSENTIAL QUESTION CHECK-IN

8. Which two formulas can you use to find the volume of a rectangular
prism? Why are these two formulas equivalent?

428 Unit 6
 Name Class Date

15.2 Independent Practice Personal

Math Trainer
COMMON Online
CORE 6.G.2 Assessment and
my.hrw.com Intervention

9. A block of wood measures 4.5 inches by 3.5 inches by 7 inches. What is

the volume of the block of wood?

10. A restaurant buys a freezer in the shape of a rectangular prism. The

dimensions of the freezer are shown. What is the volume of the freezer? 36 in.

1
24 2 in.
1
11. Rectangular prism A measures 6 inches by 4 inches by 5 inches. 72 2 in.
Rectangular prism B’s dimensions are twice those of prism A. Find
the volume of each prism. How many times as great is prism B’s volume as
prism A’s volume?

12. Leticia has a small paper weight in the shape of a rectangular prism.
The dimensions of the paper weight are shown. What is the volume of
the paper weight? 5 cm

13. A company is designing a juice box. The box is in the shape of a 3

2 4 cm
rectangular prism. The base of the box is 6 _21 inches by 2 _21 inches, and 1
4 4 cm
the box is 4 inches high. If juice fills 90% of the box’s volume, find the
volume of juice in the box.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company • Image Credits:

14. Science Density is the amount of mass in a certain volume of an object.

To find the density in grams per cubic centimeter of a substance you
can use this relationship:
mass in grams
Density = _____________________
volume in cubic centimeters
A gold bar that is 16 centimeters by 2.5 centimeters by 5 centimeters has
a density of 19.3 grams per cubic centimeter. What is the mass of the
gold bar?

15. A suitcase is a rectangular prism whose dimensions are 1 _41 feet by

1 _34 feet by 1 _14 feet. Find the volume of the suitcase.

Lesson 15.2 429

16. The Smith family is moving and needs to decide on the size of Inside Dimensions of Trucks
the moving truck they should rent.
Type Length Width Height
a. A moving van rents for $94.50 per day, and a small truck rents (ft) (ft) (ft)
for $162 per day. Based on the amount of space inside the
van or truck, which is the better deal? Explain your answer. Van 10 _12 6 6

Small
Truck 12 8 6 _34

Large
Truck 20 8 _43 8 _12

b. How much greater is the volume of the large truck than the
volume of the small truck?

c. The family estimates that they need about 1,100 cubic feet to
move their belongings. What should they rent?

FOCUS ON HIGHER ORDER THINKING Work Area

1
17. Persevere in Problem Solving A cube has a volume of ___ 512
cubic meter.
What is the length of each side of the cube? Explain your thinking.

18. Communicate Mathematical Ideas Think about two rectangular prisms,

one labeled prism P and one labeled prism Q.
a. Suppose the bases of the prisms have the same area, but the height of
prism Q is twice the height of prism P. How do the volumes compare?

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

b. Suppose the area of the base of prism Q is twice the area of the base
of prism P. How do the volumes compare?

19. Critical Thinking The dimensions of a rectangular prism are 3 _14 feet by 2 _21
feet by 5 feet. Lee found the volume by multiplying 12 _12 by 3 _41. Lola found
the volume by multiplying 16 _14 by 2 _21 . Who is correct? Explain.

430 Unit 6
 LESSON
Solving Volume COMMON
CORE 6.G.2

15.3 Equations
. . . Apply the formulas V =
ℓwh and V = bh . . . in the
context of solving real-world
and mathematical problems.
Also 6.EE.7

? ESSENTIAL QUESTION
How do you write equations to solve problems involving
volume of rectangular prisms?

Writing Equations Using the Volume

of a Rectangular Prism
You can use the formula for the volume of a rectangular prism to write an
equation. Then solve the equation to find missing measurements for a prism. Math On the Spot
my.hrw.com

EXAMPL 1
EXAMPLE COMMON
CORE 6.G.2, 6.EE.7

Samuel has an ant farm with a volume of 375 cubic inches. The width of the
ant farm is 2.5 inches and the length is 15 inches. What is the height of
Samuel’s ant farm?

V = ℓwh Write the formula.

375 = 15 · 2.5 · h Use the formula to

write an equation.
375 = 37.5h Multiply.
375
____ 37.5h Divide both sides of the
= ____
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company • Image Credits: Thom Lang/

37.5 37.5 equation by 37.5.

10 = h

The height of the ant farm is 10 inches.

Reflect
1. Communicate Mathematical Ideas Explain how you would find the
solution to Example 1 using the formula V = Bh.
CORBIS

YOUR TURN
?
2. Find the height of this rectangular prism, which has a Personal
15
volume of __
16
cubic feet. Math Trainer
1 Online Assessment
3
2 ft
4 ft and Intervention
my.hrw.com

Lesson 15.3 431

 Solving Multistep Problems
One cubic foot of water equals approximately 7.5 gallons and weighs
approximately 62.43 pounds.

Math On the Spot

my.hrw.com EXAMPLE 2 COMMON
CORE 6.G.2, 6.EE.7

The classroom aquarium holds 30 gallons of water. It is 0.8 feet wide and
has a height of 2 feet. Find the length of the aquarium.
Divide the total number
STEP 1 Find the volume of the classroom
of gallons by the unit
aquarium in cubic feet. rate to find the number
30 gallons
__________________ = 4 cubic feet of cubic feet.
7.5 gallons per cubic foot

STEP 2 Find the length of the aquarium.

Math Talk 4 = ℓ · 0.8 · 2 Use the formula V = ℓwh to write an equation.
Mathematical Practices
How much does the water 4 = ℓ(1.6) Multiply.
in the classroom aquarium
weigh? Explain. 4 ℓ(1.6)
___ = ____ Divide both sides of the equation by 1.6.
1.6 1.6

2.5 = ℓ

The length of the aquarium is 2.5 feet.

YOUR TURN
3. An aquarium holds 33.75 gallons of water. It has a length of 2 feet and a
Personal
Math Trainer height of 1.5 feet. What is the width of the aquarium?
Online Assessment
and Intervention

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

my.hrw.com

Guided Practice
1. Use an equation to find the width of the rectangular prism. (Example 1)
V = 6,336 cm3

2. One clay brick weighs 5.76 pounds. The brick is 8 inches long and
18 cm
2_14 inches wide. If the clay weighs 0.08 pounds per cubic inch, what ? cm
is the volume of the brick? Find the height of the brick. (Example 2) 16 cm

432 Unit 6
 Name Class Date

15.3 Independent Practice Personal

Math Trainer
COMMON Online
CORE 6.EE.7, 6.G.2 Assessment and
my.hrw.com Intervention

3. Jala has an aquarium in the shape of a rectangular prism

with the dimensions shown. What is the height of the
?
aquarium?

Height = V = 3,758.75
cubic inches 12.5 in.
4. The area of the base of a rectangular juice box is 4_21 square
inches. If the volume of the box is 18 cubic inches, how tall 24.25 in.
is the box?

Height =

5. A box of cereal is shaped like a rectangular prism. The box is

20 centimeters long and 30 centimeters high. Its volume is
3,600 cubic centimeters. Find the width of the box.

Width =
1
6. About 7.5 gallons of water fill up 1 cubic foot of space. How 1 2 ft
many gallons of water will fill a goldfish pool shaped like the
prism shown?
1
3 2 ft

7. Physical Science A small bar of gold measures 40 mm by 3 ft

25 mm by 2 mm. One cubic millimeter of gold weighs about
0.0005 ounce. Find the volume in cubic millimeters and the
weight in ounces of this small bar of gold.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

8. History A typical stone on the lowest level of the Great Pyramid in

Egypt was a rectangular prism 5 feet long by 5 feet high by 6 feet deep
and weighed 15 tons. What was the volume of the average stone? How
much did one cubic foot of this stone weigh?

9. Hank has cards that are 8 inches by 4 inches. A stack of these cards
fits inside the box shown and uses up 32 cubic inches of volume. 4 in.
How tall is the stack of cards? What percent of the box’s volume is
taken up by the cards?
4 in.
8 in.

Lesson 15.3 433

10. A freshwater fish is healthiest when there is at least 1 gallon of water for
every inch of its body length. Roshel wants to put a goldfish that is about
2_21 inches long in her tank. Roshel’s tank is 7 inches long, 5 inches wide, and
7 inches high. The volume of 1 gallon of water is about 231 cubic inches.
a. How many gallons of water would Roshel need for the fish?
b. What is the volume of Roshel’s tank?
c. Is her fish tank large enough for the fish? Explain.

FOCUS ON HIGHER ORDER THINKING Work Area

11. Multistep Larry has a clay brick that is 7 inches long, 3.5 inches wide,
and 1.75 inches thick, the same size as the gold stored in Fort Knox in the
form of gold bars. Find the volume of this brick. If the weight of the clay
in the brick is 0.1 pound per cubic inch and the weight of the gold is
0.7 pound per cubic inch, find the weight of the brick and the gold bar.
Round all answers the nearest tenth.
Volume of the brick or bar = cubic inches
Weight of the brick = pounds
Weight of the gold bar = pounds

12. Represent Real-World Problems Luisa’s toaster oven, which is in the

shape of a rectangular prism, has a base that is 55 cm long by 40 cm
wide. It is 30 cm high. Luisa wants to buy a different oven with the same
volume but a smaller length, so it will fit better on her kitchen counter.
What is a possible set of dimensions for this different oven?

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

13. Multiple Representations Use the formula V = Bh to write a different
version of this formula that you could use to find the area of the base B of
a rectangular prism if you know the height h and the volume V. Explain
what you did to find this equation.

14. Communicate Mathematical Ideas The volume of a cube is 27 cubic

inches. What is the length of an edge? Explain.

434 Unit 6
 MODULE QUIZ

Ready Personal
Math Trainer
15.1 Nets and Surface Area Online Assessment
and Intervention
my.hrw.com
A square pyramid is shown sitting on its base.
1. Draw the net of the pyramid. 8 cm

2. The surface area of the pyramid 12 cm

12 cm
is square centimeters.

15.2 Volume of Rectangular Prisms

Find the volume of each rectangular prism.
3. 4.
2 14 ft
8 14 m

6 12 ft
6m
8 38 m 5 ft

V= cubic meters V= cubic feet

15.3 Solving Volume Equations

Find the volume of each rectangular prism.
5. The volume inside a rectangular storage room is 2,025 cubic
feet. The room is 9 feet high. Find the area of the floor.
6. An aquarium holds 11.25 cubic feet of water, and is
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

2.5 feet long and 1.5 feet wide. What is its depth?

ESSENTIAL QUESTION

7. How can a model help you to solve surface area and volume problems?

Module 15 435
 MODULE 15 MIXED REVIEW Personal
Math Trainer
Assessment Online
Assessment and
Readiness my.hrw.com Intervention

Selected Response 5. A bathtub in the shape of a rectangular

prism is 5 feet long, 3_12 feet wide, and 4_14 feet
1. Indira is wrapping the box below. How high. How much water could the tub hold?
much wrapping paper does she need?
7 3
A 14_ ft
8
C 74_83 ft3
1 3 1 3
3 in. B 25_ ft D 87_2 ft
2
6. The point (-1.5, 2) is reflected across the
6 in. y-axis, What are the coordinates of the
8 in. point after the reflection?

A 34 in.2 C 144 in.2 A (-1.5, -2) C (2, -1.5)

B 90 in.2 D 180 in.2 B (1.5, 2) D (2, 1.5)

2. Colin has an ice cube tray with 12 identical

compartments. Each compartment is Mini-Task
a prism that is 4 centimeters long, 7. An cardboard box is open at one end
3 centimeters wide, and 3 centimeters and is shaped like a square prism missing
high. Given that 1 cubic centimeter holds one of its square bases. The volume of the
1 milliliter of water, how many milliliters of prism is 810 cubic inches, and its height is
water can the tray hold? 10 inches.
A 36 mL C 432 mL
a. What is the length of each side of
B 66 mL D 792 mL
the base?
3. A store manager set up a cardboard display
to advertise a new brand of perfume. The b. Draw a net of the box.
display is a square pyramid whose base is

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

18 inches on each side. The height of each
triangular face of the pyramid is 12 inches.
How much cardboard was used to make
the display?

A 516 in2 C 756 in2

B 612 in2 D 1,080 in2

4. Which expression is equivalent to 24 + 32?

A 8 × (3 + 4)
B 8 × (3 + 32)
c. How much cardboard is used for the
C 6 × (4 + 32) box?
D 6 × (4 + 6)

436 Unit 6
 UNIT 6
Study Guide Review
MODULE
MODULE 13
13 Area and Polygons Key Vocabulary
parallelogram

? ESSENTIAL QUESTION (paralelogramo)

rhombus (rombo)
How can you use area and volume equations to solve real-world
trapezoid (trapecio)
problems?

EXAMPLE 1 4 in.
Find the area of the trapezoid.
A = _21 (h) (b1 + b2)
10 in.
A = _21 (10) (7 + 4)

A = 55 in2
7 in.

EXAMPLE 2
Find the area of Jorge’s backyard.

18 ft Find the area of the first Find the area of the

rectangle. second rectangle.
A = bh A = bh
11 ft
A = 12 (5) A = 6 (11)
6 ft
A = 60 square feet A = 66 square feet
6 ft

Total area of yard = 60 + 66 = 126 square feet

EXERCISES
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Find the area of each figure. (Lessons 13.1, 13.2)

1. 24 in. 2. 10 cm
5 cm
12 in.

10 cm

Find the missing measurement. (Lesson 13.3)

3. 11 m 4. b

h A = 62.5 m2 4 mm

14 m A = 26 mm2

Unit 6 437
 MODULE
MODULE 14
14 Distance and Area in Key Vocabulary
the Coordinate Plane polygon (polígono)
reflection (reflexión)

? ESSENTIAL QUESTION vertex, vertices (vértice,

vértices)
What steps might you take to solve a polygon problem given the
coordinates of its vertices?

EXAMPLE 1
Find the distance between points A and B on the y
coordinate plane.
4
C B
Find the distance between point A and the x-axis. 2
The y-coordinate is -4. The absolute value represents the x
distance. -4 -2 O 2 4
| -4 | =4 The distance is 4 units. -2

Find the distance between point B and the x-axis. -4 A

D
The y-coordinate is 2. The distance is 2 units.
Add the two distances to find the distance between the two points.
4+2=6 The distance between points A and B is 6 units.

EXAMPLE 2
Find the area of the rectangle whose vertices are the points on the
coordinate plane in Example 1.

Use the distance between points A and B in Example 1 as the height.

height = 6 units
Find the distance between points A and D and use it as the base.
Distance from A to D = |-2| + 2 = 2 + 2 = 4
base = 4 units
Find the area. © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

A = bh = 4 • 6 = 24 square units
y W
EXERCISES
8
Find the distance between the two points.
Z V
4
1. Z and Y x
-8 -4 O 4 8
2. X and Y
-4
Y X
3. W and X
-8
4. Find the area of rectangle XYZV.

438 Unit 6
 MODULE
MODULE 15
15 Surface Area and Key Vocabulary
Volume of Solids net (plantilla)
pyramid (pirámide)

? ESSENTIAL QUESTION surface area (área total)

How can a model help you solve surface area and volume
problems?

EXAMPLE 1
Draw a net and find the surface area of the
pyramid.

8 cm
8 cm
4 cm

4 cm

Find the area of the square base. Find the area of one triangle and multiply
A = bh by four.
A = _21bh
A= 4•4
A = _21 (4 • 8)
A = 16 cm2
A = 16 cm2

The area of the 4 triangles is 4 • 16 = 64 cm2.

The total surface area of the pyramid is 16 cm2 + 64 cm2 = 80 cm2.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

EXAMPLE 2
A cubic centimeter of gold weighs approximately 19.32 grams. Find
the weight of a brick of gold that has a height of 6 centimeters,
width of 3 centimeters, and length of 8 centimeters.
8 cm V = lwh

V = 8 (3) (6)
6 cm V = 144 cm3
3 cm
The weight of the gold is 144 × 19.32 grams,
which is 2,782.08 grams.

Unit 6 439
 EXERCISES
Draw a net to find the surface area of each solid shape. (Lesson 15.1)

1. 2.
7 in.
5 in.
3 in.
14 cm

8 cm

Find the volume of each rectangular prism. (Lesson 15.2)

3. 6 in. 4. A rectangular prism with a width of

7 units, a length of 8 units, and a height
8 in.
of 2 units
20 in.

Unit 6 Performance Tasks

1. CAREERS IN MATH Theater Set
Construction Ahmed and Karina are 1.5 ft
building scenery of the Egyptian pyramids 1 ft 0.75 ft
out of plywood for a community play. The
pyramids are represented by triangles on 1.5 ft 2 ft 1 ft
a rectangular base. The diagram shows the 0.75 ft
measurements of the piece of scenery.
5 ft
a. How many square feet of plywood is in the scenery? Show your work.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

b. The pyramids (the triangles) will be painted gray, and the base (the
rectangle) will be painted black. How much of each paint color will
they use, if one quart covers 45 square feet? Only one side of the
model needs to be painted, but two coats of paint will be needed.
Show your work. Round to the nearest hundredth of a square foot.

440 Unit 6
 UNIT 6 MIXED REVIEW Personal
Math Trainer
Assessment Online
Assessment and
Readiness my.hrw.com Intervention

Selected Response 5. The trapezoid below has an area of

475 square meters.
1. Jessie has a piece of cardboard that is 8.5
28 m
inches by 11 inches. She makes a picture
frame with the cardboard by cutting out a 4
inch by 4 inch square from the center of the
cardboard. What is the area of the frame?
A 16 in2 C 93.5 in2
18 m
B 77.5 in2 D 118.5 in2
Which equation could you solve to find the
2. Jermaine is ordering a piece of glass in the height of the trapezoid?
shape of a trapezoid to create a patio table
top. Each square foot of glass costs $25. The A 23h = 475
trapezoid has base lengths of 5 feet and 3 B 252h = 475
feet and a height of 4 feet. What is the cost
C 46h = 475
of the glass?
D 504h = 475
A $400 C $800
6. A rectangular prism has a volume of 1,500
B $437.50 D $1,500
cubic centimeters. It has a length of 34
3. What is the area of a trapezoid that centimeters and a width of 22 centimeters.
has bases measuring 19 centimeters Which equation could be solved to find the
and 23 centimeters, and a height of height of the rectangular prism?
14 centimeters?
A 374h = 1,500
A 105 square centimeters B 28h = 1,500
B 266 square centimeters C 748h = 1,500
C 294 square centimeters D 56h = 1,500
D 322 square centimeters
7. Which expression represents the sum of 59
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

4. What is the area of the triangle shown and x?

below?
A 59 + x

B 59 ÷ x

17 in. C 59x

D 59 - x

26 in.

A 110.5 square inches

B 221 square inches

C 442 square inches

D 884 square inches

Unit 6 441
 8. Which number has more than two factors? 11. Chuck is making a map of his
neighborhood. Each grid unit represents
A 19
one city block. He uses the following
B 23 coordinates, with north being the direction
C 25
of the positive y-axis.
Library: (-5, 5)
D 29
Chuck’s house: (-5, -3)
9. Which of the following statements about City Hall: (3, -3)
rational numbers is not correct? a. Plot each point on the coordinate grid
A All whole numbers are also rational
below.
numbers. y

B All integers are also rational numbers. 6

C All rational numbers can be written in 4

the form _a.
b
2
D Rational numbers cannot be negative.
x
-6 -4 -2 O 2 4 6
Mini-Tasks -2

10. Lisa bought a tank for her hermit crab. -4

The tank can hold 1,331 cubic inches of
water and includes a top. The base of the -6
aquarium is a square. The height of the
aquarium is 11 inches.
b. How far does Chuck live from the library
a. What is the length of each side of the and from City Hall?
base of the tank?

c. Chuck decided to add the post office to

b. What shape is Lisa’s tank? his map. The post office is 6 blocks east
of the library. What are the coordinates
of the post office? Plot the post office
c. Draw a net of the tank. on the coordinate grid.

d. If you connect the points on the map, © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

what shape do you make?

e. What is the area of the shape in d? Use

square blocks as the unit.
d. What is the surface area of the tank?

442 Unit 6