UNIT 2

Number MODULE
MODULE 4
Operations with

Operations Fractions
COMMON
CORE 6.NS.1, 6.NS.4

MODULE
MODULE5
Operations with
Decimals
COMMON
CORE 6.NS.2, 6.NS.3
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company • Image Credits: ©Corbis

CAREERS IN MATH
Chef The role of a chef is diverse and can
include planning menus, overseeing food
preparation, training staff, and ordering and
purchasing food items. Chefs use mathematics
when scaling recipes as well as in budgeting
and financial planning.
If you are interested in a career as a chef, you
should study these mathematical subjects:
• Basic Math Unit 2 Performance Task
• Business Math At the end of the unit, check
Research other careers that require the use of out how chefs use math.
scaling quantities, and financial planning.

Unit 2 73
 UNIT 2

Vocabulary Preview
Use the puzzle to preview key vocabulary from this unit. Unscramble
the circled letters to answer the riddle at the bottom of the page.

1. ISROPCALCER

2. INERADRME

3. RENNOOAIDTM

4. DXMIE RUBMEN

5. NEIDIDDV

6. DRVIOSI

1. Two numbers whose product is one. (Lesson 4.2)

2. The whole number left over when you divide and the divisor doesn’t divide the dividend
evenly. (Lesson 5.1)
3. The part of a fraction that represents how many parts the whole is divided into.
(Lesson 4.1)
4. A number that is a combination of a whole number and a fraction. (Lesson 4.3)

5. The amount that you want to divide in a division problem. (Lesson 5.4)
6. The number you divide by in a division problem. (Lesson 5.4) © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Q: Decimals always win in arguments with fractions.

What do decimals have that fractions don’t?

A: !

74 Vocabulary Preview
 Operations with
Fractions
MODULE

LESSON 4.1
4
? ESSENTIAL QUESTION
Applying GCF and
LCM to Fraction
How can you use operations
with fractions to solve Operations
COMMON
real-world problems? CORE 6.NS.4

LESSON 4.2
Dividing Fractions
COMMON
CORE 6.NS.1

LESSON 4.3
Dividing Mixed
Numbers
COMMON
CORE 6.NS.1

LESSON 4.4
Solving Multistep
Problems with
Fractions and Mixed
Numbers
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company • Image Credits: (c)Tetra Images /

COMMON
CORE 6.NS.1

Real-World Video
To find your average rate of speed, divide the distance
you traveled by the time you traveled. If you ride in a
taxi and drive _21 mile in _14 hour, your rate was 2 mi/h
my.hrw.com which may mean you were in heavy traffic.
Alamy

my.hrw.com my.hrw.com Math On the Spot Animated Math Personal Math Trainer
Go digital with your Scan with your smart Interactively explore Get immediate
write-in student phone to jump directly key concepts to see feedback and help as
edition, accessible on to the online edition, how math works. you work through
any device. video tutor, and more. practice sets.

75
 Are YOU Ready?
Complete these exercises to review skills you will need Personal
for this module. Math Trainer
Online
Assessment and
Write an Improper Fraction my.hrw.com Intervention

as a Mixed Number
13 _
EXAMPLE __
5
= 55 + _55 + _53 Write as a sum using names for one plus a
proper fraction.
= 1 + 1 + _35 Write each name for one as one.

= 2 + _35 Add the ones.

= 2_35 Write the mixed number.

Write each improper fraction as a mixed number.

1. _49 2. _38 23
3. __
6
11
4. __
2
17 15 33 29
5. __
5
6. __
8
7. __
10
8. __
12

Multiplication Facts
EXAMPLE 7×6= Use a related fact you know.
6 × 6 = 36
Think: 7 × 6 = (6 × 6) + 6
= 36 + 6
= 42
7 × 6 = 42

Multiply.

9. 6 × 5 10. 8 × 9 11. 10 × 11 12. 7 × 8

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13. 9 × 7 14. 8 × 6 15. 9 × 11 16. 11 × 12

Division Facts
EXAMPLE 63 ÷ 7 = Think: 7 times what number equals 63?
7 × 9 = 63

63 ÷ 7 = 9 So, 63 ÷ 7 = 9.

Divide.

17. 35 ÷ 7 18. 56 ÷ 8 19. 28 ÷ 7 20. 48 ÷ 8

21. 36 ÷ 4 22. 45 ÷ 9 23. 72 ÷ 8 24. 40 ÷ 5

76 Unit 2
 Reading Start-Up Vocabulary
Review Words
Visualize Vocabulary area (área)
✔ denominator
Use the ✔ words to complete the triangle. Write the review word (denominador)
that fits the description in each section of the triangle. ✔ fraction (fracción)
greatest common factor
(GCF) (máximo común
divisor (MCD))
part least common multiple
of a whole (LCM) (mínimo común
múltiplo (m.c.m.))
length (longitud)
top number ✔ numerator (numerador)
of a fraction product (producto)
width (ancho)

bottom number of a fraction Preview Words

mixed number (número
mixto)
order of operations (orden
de las operaciones)
reciprocals (recíprocos)
Understand Vocabulary
In each grouping, select the choice that is described by the given
vocabulary word.
3 _ 3
1. reciprocals A 1:15
_ 1
B 4÷6 C
_
5
and _35

1 1 1
2. mixed number A _-_ B 3_ C -5
3 5 2
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

3. order of operations A 5-3+2=0 B 5-3+2=4 C 5-3+2=6

Active Reading
Layered Book Before beginning the module,
create a layered book to help you learn the
concepts in this module. Label each flap with
lesson titles. As you study each lesson, write
important ideas, such as vocabulary and
processes, under the appropriate flap. Refer
to your finished layered book as you work on
exercises from this module.

Module 4 77
 MODULE 4

Unpacking the Standards

Understanding the standards and the vocabulary terms in the
standards will help you know exactly what you are expected to
learn in this module.

COMMON
CORE 6.NS.1
Interpret and compute
What It Means to You
quotients of fractions, and You will learn how to divide two fractions. You will also understand
solve word problems involving the relationship between multiplication and division.
division of fractions by
UNPACKING EXAMPLE 6.NS.1
fractions, e.g., by using visual
fraction models and equations Zachary is making vegetable soup. The recipe makes 6_34 cups of
to represent the problem. soup. How many 1_21 -cup servings will the recipe make?

6_43 ÷ 1_12
Key Vocabulary
quotient (cociente) = __
4
÷ 23
27 _
The result when one number is
27 _
divided by another. = __
4
× 32
fraction (fracción) = _92
A number in the form _ba , where
b ≠ 0. = 4_12

The recipe will make 4_12 servings.

COMMON
CORE 6.NS.4
Find the greatest common
What It Means to You
factor of two whole numbers You can use greatest common factors and least common multiples

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

less than or equal to 100 and to simplify answers when you calculate with fractions.
the least common multiple of
UNPACKING EXAMPLE 6.NS.4
two whole numbers less than or
equal to 12. Use the distributive Add. Write the answer in simplest form.
property to express a sum of 1 _
_ + 61 = _26 + _61 Use the LCM of 3 and 6 as
3 a common denominator.
two whole numbers 1–100 with
2+1
a common factor as a multiple = _____
6
Add the numerators.
of a sum of two whole numbers
with no common factor. = _36
3÷3 Simplify by dividing by the GCF.
= ____
6÷3 The GCF of 3 and 6 is 3.
Visit my.hrw.com
to see all the = _12 Write the answer in simplest form.
Common Core
Standards
unpacked.
my.hrw.com

78 Unit 2
 LESSON
Applying GCF and COMMON
CORE 6.NS.4

4.1 LCM to Fraction

Find the greatest common
factor…and the least
common multiple of two
whole numbers…

Operations
? ESSENTIAL QUESTION
How do you use the GCF and LCM when adding, subtracting,
and multiplying fractions?

Multiplying Fractions
To multiply two fractions you first multiply the numerators and then multiply
the denominators.
numerator × numerator
_____________________ numerator
denominator × denominator
= __________
denominator
Math On the Spot
my.hrw.com
The resulting product may need to be written in simplest form. To write
a fraction in simplest form, you can divide both the numerator and the
denominator by their greatest common factor.
Example 1 shows two methods for making sure that the product of two
fractions is in simplest form.

EXAMPL 1
EXAMPLE COMMON
CORE 6.NS.4

Multiply. Write the product in simplest form.

A _31 × _53
1× 3
3
× 53 = _____
1 _
_
3× 5
Write the problem as a single fraction.

3
= __
15
Multiply numerators. Multiply denominators.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

3÷ 3 Simplify by dividing by the GCF.

= ______
15 ÷ 3 The GCF of 3 and 15 is 3.
= _51 Write the answer in simplest form.

6 in the numerator and 3 in the

denominator have a common factor
B _67 × _32 other than one. Divide by the GCF 3.

6 _ 6× 2
_
7
× 32 = _____
7× 3
Write the problem as a single fraction.

Math Talk
2
6× 2
= ______
7× 3
Simplify before multiplying using the GCF.
1 Mathematical Practices
2× 2 Compare the methods in
= _____
7× 1 Multiply numerators. Multiply denominators. the Example. How do you
know if you can use the
= _74 method in B ?

Lesson 4.1 79
 YOUR TURN
Multiply. Write each product in simplest form.
Personal
Math Trainer
Online Assessment 1. _16 × _53 2. _34 × _97
and Intervention
my.hrw.com
3. _37 × _32 4. _45 × _72

8
7
5. __
10
× __
21
6. _67 × _61

Multiplying Fractions and

Whole Numbers
To multiply a fraction by a whole number, you rewrite the whole number as a
Math On the Spot fraction and multiply the two fractions. Remember to use the GCF to write the
my.hrw.com product in simplest form.

EXAMPLE 2 COMMON
CORE 6.NS.4

A class has 18 students. The teacher asks how many students in the class have
pets and finds _95 of the students have pets. How many students have pets?

STEP 1 Estimate the product. Multiply the whole number by the nearest
benchmark fraction.
5
_
9
is close to _12 , so multiply _12 times 18.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company • Image Credits: ©Life on

1
_
2
× 18 = 9
5
You can write __
9
times 18
STEP 2 Multiply. Write the product three ways.
in simplest form. 5
__ ×18 5
__ · 18 5
__ (18)
9 9 9
5
_
9
× 18

5
_
9
× 18 = _59 × __
18
1
Rewrite 18 as a fraction.

Math Talk
2
× 18
= 5______
9×1
Simplify before multiplying using the GCF.
Mathematical Practices 1
5×2
How can you check = ____
1×1
Multiply numerators. Multiply denominators.
to see if the answer is
white/Alamy

correct? 10
= __
1
= 10 Simplify by writing as a whole number.

10 students have pets.

80 Unit 2
 Reflect
7. Analyze Relationships Is the product of a fraction less than 1 and a
whole number greater than or less than the whole number? Explain.

YOUR TURN
Multiply. Write each product in simplest form.
Personal
5
_ 3
_ Math Trainer
8. 8
×  24 9. 5
×  20
Online Assessment
and Intervention
1
_ 1
_
10. 3
×  8 11. 4
×  14 my.hrw.com

7 3
12. 3 __
10
×  7 13. 2 __
10
×  10

Adding and Subtracting Fractions

You have learned that to add or subtract two fractions, you can rewrite the
fractions so they have the same denominator. You can use the least common
multiple of the denominators of the fractions to rewrite the fractions.
Math On the Spot
my.hrw.com
EXAMPL 3
EXAMPLE COMMON
CORE 6.NS.4

8 1
Add __ _
15 + 6 . Write the sum in simplest form. My Notes
STEP 1 Rewrite the fractions as equivalent fractions. Use the
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

LCM of the denominators as the new denominator.

8
__ 8×2 16
15
→ _____
15 × 2
→ __
30 The LCM of 15 and 6 is 30.
×5
1
_
6
→ 1____
6×5
→ __5
30

STEP 2 Add the numerators of the equivalent fractions. Then simplify.

16 __
__ 5 21
30
+ 30 = __
30
÷3 Simplify by dividing by the GCF.
= 21
_____
30 ÷ 3 The GCF of 21 and 30 is 3.
7
= __
10

Reflect
14. Can you also use the LCM of the denominators of the fractions to
8 _1
rewrite the difference __
15 - 6 ? What is the difference?

Lesson 4.1 81
 YOUR TURN
Add or subtract. Write each sum or difference in simplest form.
Personal
Math Trainer
5 5 3
Online Assessment 15. __
14
+ _61 16. __ -  __
12 20
and Intervention
my.hrw.com
5 3
17. __
12
- _83 18. 1 __
10
+  _14

19. _23 +  6 _15 20. 3 _61 -  _71

Guided Practice
Multiply. Write each product in simplest form. (Example 1)

1. _21 × _58 2. _35 × _95 3. _38 × _52

4. 2 _83 × 16 5. 1 _54 × __

5
12
2
6. 1 __
10
× 5

Find each amount. (Example 2)

7. _41 of 12 bottles of water = bottles 8. _23 of 24 bananas = bananas

9. _53 of $40 restaurant bill = $ 10. _56 of 18 pencils = pencils

Add or subtract. Write each sum or difference in simplest form.

11. _83 + __

5
24
1
12. __
20
5
+ __
12
9
13. __ - _1
20 4

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

9
14. __ 3
- __
10 14
15. 3 _83 + __
5
12
7
16. 5 __ 5
- __
10 18

?
? ESSENTIAL QUESTION CHECK-IN

17. How can knowing the GCF and LCM help you when you add, subtract,
and multiply fractions?

82 Unit 2
 Name Class Date

4.1 Independent Practice Personal

Math Trainer
COMMON Online
CORE 6.NS.4 Assessment and
my.hrw.com Intervention

Solve. Write each answer in simplest form. 21. Marcial found a recipe for fruit salad that
he wanted to try to make for his birthday
18. Erin buys a bag of peanuts that weighs party. He decided to triple the recipe.
_3 of a pound. Later that week, the bag is _2
4 3
full. How much does the bag of peanuts Fruit Salad
weigh now? Show your work.
3_21 cups thinly sliced rhubarb

15 seedless grapes, halved

_1 orange, sectioned
2
19. Multistep Marianne buys 16 bags of
potting soil that comes in _85 -pound bags. 10 fresh strawberries, halved
_3 apple, cored and diced
a. How many pounds of potting soil does 5
Marianne buy? _2 peach, sliced
3

1 plum, pitted and sliced

_1 cup fresh blueberries
4
b. If Marianne’s father calls and says he
needs 13 pounds of potting soil, how a. What are the new amounts for the
many additional bags should she buy? oranges, apples, blueberries, and
peaches?

20. Music Two fifths of the instruments in the

marching band are brass, one third are
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

percussion, and the rest are woodwinds.

a. What fraction of the band is
woodwinds? b. Communicate Mathematical Ideas
The amount of rhubarb in the original
recipe is 3_21 cups. Using what you know
b. One half of the woodwinds are of whole numbers and what you know
clarinets. What fraction of the band is of fractions, explain how you could
clarinets? triple that mixed number.

c. One eighth of the brass instruments

are tubas. If there are 240 instruments
in the band, how many are tubas?

Lesson 4.1 83
22. One container holds 1 _87 quarts of water and a second container holds
5 _34 quarts of water. How many more quarts of water does the second
container hold than the first container?

23. Each of 15 students will give a 1_21 -minute speech in English class.
a. How long will it take to give the speeches?
b. If the teacher begins recording on a digital camera with an hour
available, is there enough time to record everyone if she gives a
15-minute introduction at the beginning of class and every student
takes a minute to get ready? Explain.

c. How much time is left on the digital camera?

FOCUS ON HIGHER ORDER THINKING

24. Represent Real-World Problems Kate wants to buy a new bicycle from
a sporting goods store. The bicycle she wants normally sells for $360. The
store has a sale where all bicycles cost _65 of the regular price. What is the
sale price of the bicycle?

25. Error Analysis To find the product _37 × _94 , Cameron simplified _73 to _17 and
then multiplied the fractions _17 and _94 to find the product __
4
63. What is
Cameron’s error? Work Area

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26. Justify Reasoning To multiply a whole number by a fraction, you can

first write the whole number as a fraction by placing the whole number
in the numerator and 1 in the denominator. Does following this step
change the product? Explain.

84 Unit 2
 LESSON COMMON
CORE 6.NS.1

4.2 Dividing Fractions Interpret and compute

quotients of fractions, …,
e.g., by using visual fraction
models… .

? ESSENTIAL QUESTION
How do you divide fractions?

COMMON

EXPLORE ACTIVITY 1 CORE 6.NS.1

Modeling Fraction Division

In some division problems, you may know a number of groups and need to
find how many or how much are in each group. In other division problems,
you may know how many there are in each group, and need to find the
number of groups.

A You have _43 cup of salsa for making burritos. Each

burrito requires _81 cup of salsa. How many burritos
can you make?
To find the number of burritos that can
be made, you need to determine how
many _18 -cup servings are in _34 cups.
3
Use the diagram. How many eighths 4

are there in _43 ?

You have enough salsa to make

1
burritos. 8
B Five people share _21 pound of cheese
equally. How much cheese does each
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

person receive?

To find how much cheese each person

receives, you need to determine how

much is in each of parts.

How much is in each part?

Each person will receive pound.

Reflect
1. Write the division shown by each model.

Lesson 4.2 85
 Reciprocals
Another way to divide fractions is to use reciprocals. Two numbers whose
product is 1 are reciprocals.
3 _
Math On the Spot _
4
× 43 = __
12
12
=1 _3 and _4 are reciprocals.
4 3
my.hrw.com
To find the reciprocal of a fraction, switch the numerator and denominator.
numerator ·  ___________
____________ denominator = 1
denominator numerator

EXAMPLE 1 COMMON
CORE Prep for 6.NS.1

Find the reciprocal of each number.

A _92 9
_ Switch the numerator and denominator.
2
The reciprocal of _29 is _29.

Math Talk B _81 8

_ Switch the numerator and denominator.
1
Mathematical Practices
How can you check The reciprocal of _81 is _18, or 8.
that the reciprocal in A is
correct? C 5
5 = _51 Rewrite as a fraction.
5
_ 1
_ Switch the numerator and the denominator.
1 5
The reciprocal of 5 is _15.

Reflect
2. Is any number its own reciprocal? If so, what number(s)? Justify your answer.

3. Communicate Mathematical Ideas Does every number have a

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

reciprocal? Explain.

4. The reciprocal of a whole number is a fraction with in the

numerator.

YOUR TURN
Personal Find the reciprocal of each number.
Math Trainer
Online Assessment 7
_ 1
__
and Intervention 5. 8 6. 9 7. 11
my.hrw.com

86 Unit 2
 COMMON
EXPLORE ACTIVITY 2 CORE 6.NS.1

Using Reciprocals to Find

Equivalent Values
A Complete the table below.

Division Multiplication
6 _ 6 _
_ ÷2=3
7 7
_ ×7=
7 2

5 _
_ ÷ 3 = _5
8 8 3
5 _
_ ×8=
8 3

_ ÷ 5 = _1
1 _
6 6 5
_
6 5
6
1× _ =

1 _
_ ÷ 1 = _3
4 3 4
_ ×3=
1 _
4 1

B How does each multiplication problem compare to its corresponding

division problem?

C How does the answer to each multiplication problem compare to the

answer to its corresponding division problem?

Reflect
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

8. Make a Conjecture Use the pattern in the table to make a conjecture

about how you can use multiplication to divide one fraction by another.

9. Write a division problem and a corresponding multiplication problem like

those in the table. Assuming your conjecture in 8 is correct, what is the
answer to your division problem?

Lesson 4.2 87
 Using Reciprocals to Divide Fractions
Dividing by a fraction is equivalent to 1 _
multiplying by its reciprocal.
_
5
÷ 41 = _45 _
5
4 _
1×_
1
= 45

Math On the Spot

my.hrw.com EXAMPLE 2 COMMON
CORE 6.NS.1

Divide _59 ÷ _32 . Write the quotient in simplest form.

STEP 1 Rewrite as multiplication, using the reciprocal of the divisor.

5 _
_ ÷ 2 = _59 × _32
9 3
is 23 .
2 __
The reciprocal of __
3
Animated
Math
my.hrw.com STEP 2 Multiply and simplify.
5 _
_
9
× 23 = __
15
18 Multiply the numerators. Multiply the denominators

= _56 Write the answer in simplest form.

15 ÷ 3 __
_ ÷ 32 = _65
5 _ ______ =5
18 ÷ 3 6
9

YOUR TURN
Divide.
Personal
Math Trainer 9 9
Online Assessment 10. __
10
÷ _52 = 11. __
10
÷ _53 =
and Intervention
my.hrw.com

Guided Practice
Find the reciprocal of each fraction. (Example 1)

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

10
1. _52 2. _19 3. __
3

Divide. (Explore 1, Explore 2, and Example 2)

4. _34 ÷ _35 = 3
5. __
10
÷ _54 = 6. _12 ÷ _25 =

?
? ESSENTIAL QUESTION CHECK-IN

7. How do you divide fractions?

88 Unit 2
 Name Class Date

4.2 Independent Practice Personal

Math Trainer
Online
COMMON
CORE 6.NS.1 Assessment and
my.hrw.com Intervention

8. Alison has _21 cup of yogurt for making fruit 13. Jackson wants to divide a _43 -pound box of
parfaits. Each parfait requires _81 cup of trail mix into small bags. Each of the bags
1
yogurt. How many parfaits can she make? will hold __
12
pound of trail mix. How many
bags of trail mix can Jackson fill?

9. A team of runners is needed to run a _14 -mile

1
relay race. If each runner must run __
16
mile, 14. A pitcher of contains _32 quart of lemonade.
how many runners will be needed? If an equal amount of lemonade is
poured into each of 6 glasses, how much
lemonade will each glass contain?
10. Trevor paints _61 of the fence surrounding his
farm each day. How many days will it take
him to paint _34 of the fence? 15. How many tenths are there in _45 ?

11. Six people share _53 pound of peanuts 16. You make a large bowl of salad to share
equally. What fraction of a pound of with your friends. Your brother eats _31 of it
peanuts does each person receive? before they come over.
a. You want to divide the leftover salad
1
evenly among six friends. What
12. Biology If one honeybee makes __ expression describes the situation?
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company • Image Credits: © Irochka/

12
teaspoon of honey during its lifetime, how Explain.
many honeybees are needed to make _12
teaspoon of honey?

b. What fractional portion of the original

bowl of salad does each friend receive?
Fotolia

Lesson 4.2 89
 FOCUS ON HIGHER ORDER THINKING Work Area

17. Interpret the Answer The length of a ribbon is _34 meter. Sun Yi needs
pieces measuring _31 meter for an art project. What is the greatest number
of pieces measuring _31 meter that can be cut from the ribbon? How much
ribbon will be left after Sun Yi cuts the ribbon? Explain your reasoning.

9
18. Represent Real-World Problems Liam has __ 10
gallon of paint for painting
1
the birdhouses he sells at the craft fair. Each birdhouse requires __20
gallon
of paint. How many birdhouses can Liam paint? Show your work.

19. Justify Reasoning When Kaitlin divided a fraction by _12, the result was
a mixed number. Was the original fraction less than or greater than _12 ?
Explain your reasoning.

20. Communicate Mathematical Ideas The reciprocal of a fraction less than

1 is always a fraction greater than 1. Why is this?

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

21. Make a Prediction Susan divides the fraction _58 by __ 1

16
. Her friend Robyn
5
_ 1
__
divides 8 by 32 . Predict which person will get the greater quotient. Explain
and check your prediction.

90 Unit 2
 LESSON
Dividing Mixed COMMON
CORE 6.NS.1

4.3 Numbers
Interpret and compute
quotients of fractions,
and solve word problems
involving division of fractions
by fractions… .

? ESSENTIAL QUESTION
How do you divide mixed numbers?

COMMON
6.NS.1
EXPLORE ACTIVITY
CORE

Modeling Mixed Number Division

Antoine is making sushi rolls. He has 2_12 cups of rice and will use _14 cup
of rice for each sushi roll. How many sushi rolls can he make?

A To find the number of sushi rolls that can be made, you

need to determine how many fourths are in 2 _21. Use fraction
pieces to represent 2_12 on the model below.
1
1 1 2
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

B How many fourths are in 2_12?

Antoine has enough rice to make sushi rolls.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company • Image Credits: Stockbyte /Getty

Reflect
1. Communicate Mathematical Ideas Which mathematical operation
could you use to find the number of sushi rolls that Antoine can make?
Explain.

2. Multiple Representations Write the division shown by the model.

3. What If? Suppose Antoine instead uses _81 cup of rice for each sushi roll.
How would his model change? How many rolls can he make? Explain.
Images

Lesson 4.3 91
 Using Reciprocals to Divide
Mixed Numbers
Dividing by a fraction is equivalent to multiplying by its reciprocal. You can
Math On the Spot use this fact to divide mixed numbers. First rewrite the mixed numbers as
my.hrw.com fractions greater than 1. Then multiply the dividend by the reciprocal of the
divisor.

EXAMPLE 1 COMMON
CORE 6.NS.1
My Notes
One serving of Harold’s favorite cereal contains 1_52 ounces. How many
servings are in a 17_21 -ounce box?

STEP 1 Write a division statement to represent the situation.

17_21 ÷ 1_25 You need to find how many

2 1
groups of 1__
5 are in
17__
2.

STEP 2 Rewrite the mixed numbers as fractions greater than 1.

35 _
17_21 ÷ 1_25 = __
2
÷ 75

STEP 3 Rewrite the problem as multiplication using the reciprocal of

the divisor.
7 5
35 _
__ 35 _
÷ 75 = __ × 57 The reciprocal of __ __
5 is 7 .
2 2

STEP 4 Multiply.
35 _ 5 5__
__
2
× 7
= 35
2
× _57 Simplify first using the GCF.
1
5×5
_____
= 2× 1 Multiply numerators. Multiply denominators.

25
= __
2
, or 12_12 Write the result as a mixed number.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

There are 12_12 servings of cereal in the box.

Reflect
4. Analyze Relationships Explain how can you check the answer.

5. What If? Harold serves himself 1_21 -ounces servings of cereal each
morning. How many servings does he get from a box of his favorite
cereal? Show your work.

92 Unit 2
 YOUR TURN
6. Sheila has 10 _21 pounds of potato salad. She wants to divide the potato
Personal
salad into containers, each of which holds 1_41 pounds. How many containers Math Trainer
does she need? Explain. Online Assessment
and Intervention
my.hrw.com

Solving Problems Involving Area

Recall that to find the area of a rectangle, you multiply length × width. If you
know the area and only one dimension, you can divide the area by the known
dimension to find the other dimension.
Math On the Spot
my.hrw.com
EXAMPL 2
EXAMPLE COMMON
CORE 6.NS.1

The area of a rectangular sandbox is 56_32 square feet. The length of the
sandbox is 8_12 feet. What is the width?

STEP 1 Write the situation as a division problem.

56 _32 ÷ 8 _21
Math Talk
Mathematical Practices
STEP 2 Rewrite the mixed numbers as fractions greater than 1.
Explain how to find
170 __
56 _23 ÷ 8 _21 = ___
3
÷ 17
2
the length of a rectangle
when you know the area
and the width.
STEP 3 Rewrite the problem as multiplication using the reciprocal of
the divisor.
170 __ 170 __
___
3
÷ 17
2
= ___
3
2
× 17
10 ×2
  = 170
______
3 × 17
Multiply numerators. Multiply denominators.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

1
20
= __
3
, or 6 _32 Simplify and write as a mixed number.

The width of the sandbox is 6 _23 feet.

Reflect
7. Check for Reasonableness How can you determine if your answer
is reasonable?

Lesson 4.3 93
 YOUR TURN
8. The area of a rectangular patio is 12_38 square meters.
Personal The width of the patio is 2_34 meters. What is the length?
Math Trainer
1
Online Assessment
and Intervention 9. The area of a rectangular rug is 14 __ 12 square yards.
my.hrw.com The length of the rug is 4 _31 yards. What is the width?

Guided Practice
Divide. Write each answer in simplest form. (Explore Activity and Example 1)
1. 4_41 ÷ _34 2. 1_12 ÷ 2_41

3=
_____ ÷ __ _____ ÷ _____ =
4 4 2 4

_____ × _____ = _____ × _____ =

4 2

3. 4 ÷ 1_18 = 4. 3_15 ÷ 1_71 =

5. 8_31 ÷ 2_12 = 6. 15_31 ÷ 3_65 =

Write each situation as a division problem. Then solve. (Example 2)

7. A sandbox has an area of 26 square feet, and

the length is 5_21 feet. What is the width of the

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

sandbox?

8. Mr. Webster is buying carpet for an exercise

room in his basement. The room will have an
area of 230 square feet. The width of the room
is 12_21 feet. What is the length?

?
? ESSENTIAL QUESTION CHECK-IN

9. How does dividing mixed numbers compare with dividing fractions?

94 Unit 2
 Name Class Date

4.3 Independent Practice Personal

Math Trainer

COMMON
Online
CORE 6.NS.1 Assessment and
my.hrw.com Intervention

10. Jeremy has 4 _21 cups of iced tea. He wants to divide the tea into _43 -cup
servings. Use the model to find the number of servings he can make.

1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

11. A ribbon is 3 _32 yards long. Mae needs to cut the ribbon into pieces that are
_2 yard long. Use the model to find the number of pieces she can cut.
3

1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

12. Dao has 2 _38 pounds of hamburger meat. He is making _14 -pound hamburgers.
Does Dao have enough meat to make 10 hamburgers? Explain.

13. Multistep Zoey made 5 _12 cups of trail mix for a camping trip. She wants
to divide the trail mix into _34 -cup servings.
a. Ten people are going on the camping trip. Can Zoey make enough
_3 -cup servings so that each person on the trip has one serving?
4
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

b. What size would the servings need to be for everyone to have a

serving? Explain.

c. If Zoey decides to use the _34 -cup servings, how much more trail mix
will she need? Explain.

14. The area of a rectangular picture frame is 30 _31 square inches. The length of
the frame is 6 _12 inches. Find the width of the frame.

Lesson 4.3 95
 11
15. The area of a rectangular mirror is 11 __ 16 square feet. The width of the
3
_
mirror is 2 4 feet. If there is a 5 foot tall space on the wall to hang the
mirror, will it fit? Explain.

16. Ramon has a rope that is 25 _21 feet long. He wants to cut it into 6 pieces
that are equal in length. How long will each piece be?

17. Eleanor and Max used two rectangular wooden boards to make a set for
the school play. One board was 6 feet long, and the other was 5 _12 feet
long. The two boards had equal widths. The total area of the set was
60 _83 square feet. What was the width?

FOCUS ON HIGHER ORDER THINKING Work Area

18. Draw Conclusions Micah divided 11 _23 by 2 _65 and got 4 __

2
17 for an answer.
Does his answer seem reasonable? Explain your thinking. Then check
Micah’s answer.

19. Explain the Error To divide 14 _23 ÷ 2 _34 , Erik multiplied 14 _23 × _43 . Explain
Erik’s error.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

20. Analyze Relationships Explain how you can find the missing number
in 3 _45 ÷ = 2 _57 . Then find the missing number.

96 Unit 2
 LESSON
Solving Multistep Problems COMMON
CORE 6.NS.1

4.4 with Fractions and Mixed

Numbers
...Solve word problems
involving division of fractions
by fractions...

? ESSENTIAL QUESTION
How can you solve word problems involving more than one
fraction operation?

Solving Problems with

Rational Numbers
Sometimes more than one operation will be needed to solve a multistep
problem. You can use parentheses to group different operations. Recall Math On the Spot
that according to the order of operations, you perform operations in my.hrw.com
parentheses first.

EXAMPL 1
EXAMPLE Problem COMMON
Solving CORE 6.NS.1

Jon is cooking enough lentils for lentil barley soup and lentil salad. The
lentil barley soup recipe calls for _43 cup of dried lentils. The lentil salad
recipe calls for 1_21 cups of dried lentils. Jon has a _18 -cup scoop. How many
scoops of dried lentils will Jon need to have enough for the soup and
the salad?

Analyze Information
Identify the important information.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company • Image Credits:

• Jon needs _34 cup of dried lentils for soup and 1_12 cups for salad.
• Jon has a _18 -cup scoop.
• You need to find the total number of many scoops of lentils he needs.

Formulate a Plan

( )
You can use the expression _34 + 1_21 ÷ _81 to find the number of scoops of
dried lentils Jon will need for the soup and the salad.
Photodisc/Getty Images

Justify and Evaluate

Solve

Follow the order of operations. Perform the operations in parentheses first.

First add to find the total amount of dried lentils Jon will need.
3
_
4
+ 1_21 = _34 + _23

= _34 + _46

= _94 John needs

1
2 __
4
cups of
= 2_41 lentils.

Lesson 4.4 97
 Jon needs 2 _14 cups of dried lentils for both the soup and the salad.
To find how many _81 -cup scoops he needs, divide the total amount of dried
lentils into groups of _81 .
2_41 ÷ _18 = _49 ÷ _18

= _94 × _81 Simplify before

multiplying using
×8
2 the GCF.
= 9____
4×1
1

18
= __
1
= 18
Jon will need 18 scoops of dried lentils to have enough for both the lentil
barley soup and the lentil salad.

Justify and Evaluate

You added _34 and 1_12 first to find the total number of cups of lentils. Then
you divided the sum by _18 to find the number of _18 -cup scoops.

YOUR TURN
1. Before conducting some experiments, a scientist mixes
Personal _1 gram of Substance A with _3 gram of Substance B. If
Math Trainer 2 4
Online Assessment the scientist uses _18 gram of the mixture for each
and Intervention experiment, how many experiments can be conducted?
my.hrw.com

Guided Practice
1. An art student uses a roll of wallpaper to decorate two gift boxes. The

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

student will use 1 _31 yards of paper for one box and _65 yard of paper for the
other box. The paper must be cut into pieces that are _16 yard long. How
many pieces will the student cut to use for the gift boxes? (Example 1)

?
? ESSENTIAL QUESTION CHECK-IN

2. How can you solve a multistep problem that involves fractions?

98 Unit 2
 Name Class Date

4.4 Independent Practice Personal

Math Trainer

COMMON
Online
CORE 6.NS.1 Assessment and
my.hrw.com Intervention

1
3. Naomi has earned $54 mowing lawns 6. A picture framer has a thin board 10 __ 12
3
the past two days. She worked 2 _21 hours _
feet long. The framer notices that 2 8 feet
yesterday and 4 _14 hours today. If Naomi is of the board is scratched and cannot be
paid the same amount for every hour she used. The rest of the board will be used to
works, how much does she earn per hour make small picture frames. Each picture
to mow lawns? (Example 2) frame needs 1 _23 feet of the board. At most,
how many complete picture frames can
be made?
4. An art teacher has 1_12 pounds of red clay
and _34 pound of yellow clay. The teacher
mixes the red clay and yellow clay 7. Jim’s backyard is a rectangle that is 15 _65
together. Each student in the class needs yards long and 10 _52 yards wide. Jim buys sod
_1 pound of the clay mixture to finish the in pieces that are 1 _13 yards long and 1 _13 yards
8
assigned art project for the class. How wide. How many pieces of sod will Jim need
many students can get enough clay to to buy to cover his backyard with sod?
finish the project?

8. Eva wants to make two pieces of pottery.

5. A hairstylist schedules _41 hour to trim a She needs _53 pound of clay for one piece and
7
__
customer’s hair and _61 hour to style the 10 pound of clay for the other piece. She
customer’s hair. The hairstylist plans to has three bags of clay that weigh _54 pound
work 3 _31 hours each day for 5 days each each. How many bags of clay will Eva need
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company • Image Credits: Nicholas

week. How many appointments can the to make both pieces of pottery? How many
hairstylist schedule each week if each pounds of clay will she have left over?
customer must be trimmed and styled?

9. Mark wants to paint a mural. He has 1 _13

gallons of yellow paint, 1 _14 gallons of green
paint, and _87 gallon of blue paint. Mark
Eveleigh/The Image Bank/Getty Images

plans to use _43 gallon of each paint color.

How many gallons of paint will he have left
after painting the mural?

Lesson 4.4 99
10. Trina works after school and on weekends. She always works three days
each week. This week she worked 2 _43 hours on Monday, 3 _53 hours on
Friday, and 5 _21 hours on Saturday. Next week she plans to work the same
number of hours as this week, but will work for the same number of
hours each day. How many hours will she work on each day?

FOCUS ON HIGHER ORDER THINKING Work Area

11. Represent Real-World Problems Describe a real-world problem that

can be solved using the expression 29 ÷ ( _38 + _56 ). Find the answer in the
context of the situation.

12. Justify Reasoning Indira and Jean begin their hike at 10 a.m. one
morning. They plan to hike from the 2 _52 -mile marker to the 8 __
1
10
-mile
marker along the trail. They plan to hike at an average speed of 3 miles
1
per hour. Will they reach the 8 __
10
-mile marker by noon? Explain your
reasoning.

13. Multiple Representations You are measuring walnuts for banana- © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
walnut oatmeal and a spinach and walnut salad. You need _38 cup of
walnuts for the oatmeal and _43 cup of walnuts for the salad. You have a
_1 -cup scoop. Describe two different ways to find how many scoops of
4
walnuts you will need.

100 Unit 2
 MODULE QUIZ

Ready Personal
Math Trainer
4.1 Applying GCF and LCM to Fraction Operations Online Assessment
and Intervention

Solve. my.hrw.com

9
1. _54 × _43 2. _57 × __
10

3. _38 + 2 _21 4. 1 _53 − _56

4.2 Dividing Fractions

Divide.

5. _13 ÷ _97 6. _13 ÷ _85

7. Luci cuts a board that is _34 yard long into pieces that
are _83 yard long. How many pieces does she cut?

4.3 Dividing Mixed Numbers

Divide.

8. 3 _13 ÷ _23 9. 1 _87 ÷ 2 _25

10. 4 _14 ÷ 4 _12 11. 8 _31 ÷ 4 _27

4.4 Solving Multistep Problems with Fractions

and Mixed Numbers
12. Jamal hiked on two trails. The first trail was 5 _31 miles
long, and the second trail was 1 _34 times as long as
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

the first trail. How many miles did Jamal hike?

ESSENTIAL QUESTION
13. Describe a real-world situation that is modeled by dividing two
fractions or mixed numbers.

Module 4 101
 MODULE 4 MIXED REVIEW Personal
Math Trainer
Assessment Online
Assessment and
Readiness my.hrw.com Intervention

Selected Response 6. What is the reciprocal of 3 _37 ?

1. Two sides of a rectangular fence are 5 _58 feet 7

A __
3
B _
24 7
long. The other two sides are 6 _14 feet long.
7 24
What is the perimeter? C _ D __
3 7
7 7. A rectangular patio has a length of 12 _21 feet
A 11 _ feet B 13 feet
8 and an area of 103 _81 square feet. What is
3 5
C 23 _ feet D 35 __ feet the width of the patio?
4 32
18
2. Which shows the GCF of 18 and 24 with __
24
1
A 4 _ feet
8
in simplest form?
1
B 8 _ feet
3 4
A GCF: 3; _ 1
4 C 16 _ feet
6 2
B GCF: 3; _
8 D 33 feet
3
C GCF: 6; _
4 8. Which number is greater than the absolute
6
D GCF: 6; _ value of -_83 ?
8
5
3. A jar contains 133 pennies. A bigger jar A -_
8
contains 1 _72 times as many pennies.
1
What is the value of the pennies in the B -_
8
bigger jar? 1
C _
4
A $1.49 B $1.52
D 0.5
C $1.68 D $1.71

4. Which of these is the same as _53 ÷ _47 ?

Mini-Task

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

3 7 9. Jodi is cutting out pieces of paper that
A _÷ _ measure 8 _12 inches by 11 inches from a
5 4
4 3 larger sheet of paper that has an area of
B _÷_
7 5 1,000 square inches
3 4
C _× _
5 7 a. What is the area of each piece of paper
3 7
D _×_ that Jodi is cutting out?
5 4
5. Andy has 6 _32 quarts of juice. How many
_2 -cup servings can he pour?
3
b. What is the greatest possible number of
4 pieces of paper that Jodi can cut out of
A 4_ B 6
9
the larger sheet?
C 7 D 10

102 Unit 2
 Operations with
Decimals
MODULE

LESSON 5.1
5
? ESSENTIAL QUESTION
Dividing Whole
Numbers
How can you use operations
COMMON
with decimals to solve CORE 6.NS.2
real-world problems?
LESSON 5.2
Adding and
Subtracting Decimals
COMMON
CORE 6.NS.3

LESSON 5.3
Multiplying Decimals
COMMON
CORE 6.NS.3

LESSON 5.4
Dividing Decimals
COMMON
CORE 6.NS.3

LESSON 5.5
Applying Operations
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company • Image Credits: ©PhotoDisc/

with Rational
Numbers
COMMON
CORE 6.NS.3

Real-World Video
The gravitational force on Earth’s moon is less than
the gravitational force on Earth. You can calculate
your weight on the moon by multiplying your
my.hrw.com weight on Earth by a decimal.
Getty Images

my.hrw.com my.hrw.com Math On the Spot Animated Math Personal Math Trainer
Go digital with your Scan with your smart Interactively explore Get immediate
write-in student phone to jump directly key concepts to see feedback and help as
edition, accessible on to the online edition, how math works. you work through
any device. video tutor, and more. practice sets.

103
 Are YOU Ready?
Complete these exercises to review skills you will need Personal
for this module. Math Trainer
Online
Assessment and
Represent Decimals my.hrw.com Intervention

EXAMPLE Think: 1 square = 1 of 100 equal parts

1 , or 0.01
= ____
100
10 squares = 10 of 100 equal parts
1
= ___
10
, or 0.1
So, 20 squares represent 2 × 0.1, or 0.2.

Write the decimal represented by the shaded square.

1. 2. 3. 4.

Multiply Decimals by Powers of 10

EXAMPLE 6.574 × 100 Count the zeros in 100: 2 zeros.

6.574 × 100 = 657.4 Move the decimal point 2 places to the right.

Find the product.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

5. 0.49 × 10 6. 25.34 × 1,000 7. 87 × 100

Words for Operations

EXAMPLE Write a numerical expression for Think: Product means “to multiply.”
the product of 5 and 9.
5×9 Write 5 times 9.

Write a numerical expression for the word expression.

8. 20 decreased by 8 9. the quotient of 14 and 7

10. the difference between 72 and 16 11. the sum of 19 and 3

104 Unit 2
 Reading Start-Up Vocabulary
Review Words
Visualize Vocabulary decimal (decimal)
✔ denominator
Use the ✔ words to complete the chart. You may put more (denominador)
than one word in each section. divide (dividir)
✔ dividend (dividendo)
✔ divisor (divisor)
÷ 450 ÷ 9 = 50
✔ fraction bar (barra de
fracciones)
✔ multiply (multiplicar)
✔ numerator (numerador)
Dividing Numbers ✔ operation (operación)
450
✔ product (producto)
___
9 Not division ✔ quotient (cociente)
✔ rational number (número
racional)
✔ symbol (símbolo)
whole number (número
entero)
Understand Vocabulary
Match the term on the left to the definition on the right.

1. divide A. The bottom number in a fraction.

2. denominator B. The top number in a fraction.

3. quotient C. To split into equal groups.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

4. numerator D. The answer in a division problem.

Active Reading
Booklet Before beginning the module, create
a booklet to help you learn the concepts in this
module. Write the main idea of each lesson on
its own page of the booklet. As you study each
lesson, record examples that illustrate the main
idea and make note of important details. Refer to
your finished booklet as you work on assignments
and study for tests.

Module 5 105
 MODULE 5

Unpacking the Standards

Understanding the standards and the vocabulary terms in the
standards will help you know exactly what you are expected to
learn in this module.

COMMON
CORE 6.NS.2
Fluently divide multi-digit
What It Means to You
numbers using the standard You will use your prior knowledge of division of whole numbers
algorithm. to perform division with decimals.

Key Vocabulary UNPACKING EXAMPLE 6.NS.2

quotient (cociente) Eugenia and her friends bought frozen
The result when one number is yogurt for 45 cents per ounce. Their
divided by another. total was $11.25. How many ounces
did they buy?

Divide 11.25 by 0.45.

25
⎯
0.45⟌ 11.25
90
225
225
0

They bought 25 ounces of frozen yogurt.

COMMON
CORE 6.NS.3
Fluently add, subtract, multiply, What It Means to You
and divide multi-digit decimals You will use your prior knowledge of operations with whole

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

using the standard algorithm numbers to perform operations with decimals.
for each operation.
UNPACKING EXAMPLE 6.NS.3
Key Vocabulary
Estimate and find the exact answer.
algorithm (algoritmo)
A set of rules or a procedure A. 3.25 × 4.8 B. 132.5 - 18.9
for solving a mathematical
problem in a finite number 3 × 5 = 15 133 - 19 = 114
of steps.
3.25 132.5
× 4.8 -18.9
2600 113.6
Visit my.hrw.com 13000
to see all the 15.600
Common Core
Standards
unpacked.
my.hrw.com

106 Unit 2
 LESSON
Dividing Whole COMMON
CORE 6.NS.2

5.1 Numbers
...Divide multi-digit
numbers using the standard
algorithm....

? ESSENTIAL QUESTION
How do you divide multi-digit whole numbers?

COMMON
6.NS.2
EXPLORE ACTIVITY CORE

Estimating Quotients
You can use estimation to predict the quotient of multi-digit whole numbers.

A local zoo had a total of 98,464 visitors last year. The zoo was open
every day except for three holidays. On average, about how many
visitors did the zoo have each day?
quotient
⎯
A To estimate the average number of visitors per day, you can divide divisor⟌ dividend
the total number of visitors by the number of days. To estimate the
quotient, first estimate the dividend by rounding the number of visitors
to the nearest ten thousand.

98,464 rounded to the nearest ten thousand is .

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company • Image Credits: ©John Coletti/

B There were 365 days last year. How many

days was the petting zoo open?

C Estimate the divisor by rounding the number of days that the zoo was
open to the nearest hundred.

rounded to the nearest hundred is .

D Estimate the quotient. ÷ =

The average number of visitors per day last year was about .

Reflect
Getty Images

1. How can you check that your quotient is correct?

2. Critical Thinking Do you think that your estimate is greater than or

less than the actual answer? Explain.

Lesson 5.1 107

 Using Long Division
The exact average number of visitors per day at the zoo in the Explore Activity
is the quotient of 98,464 and 362. You can use long division to find this
quotient.
Math On the Spot
my.hrw.com
EXAMPLE 1 COMMON
CORE 6.NS.2

A local zoo had a total of 98,464 visitors last year. The zoo was open every
day except three holidays? On average, how many visitors did the zoo
have each day?

STEP 1 362 is greater than 9 and 98, so divide 984 by 362. Place the first
digit in the quotient in the hundreds place. Multiply 2 by 362 and
Math Talk place the product under 984. Subtract.
Mathematical Practices
How does the estimate from 2
the Explore Activity compare ⎯
362⟌ 98,464
to the actual average
number of visitors - 72 4
per day?                 26 0

STEP 2 Bring down the tens digit. Divide 2,606 by 362. Multiply 7 by 362
and place the product under 2,606. Subtract.

27
⎯
362⟌ 98,464
-72 4
26 06
-25 34
72

STEP 3 Bring down the ones digit. Divide the ones.

272
⎯
362⟌ 98,464

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

-72 4
26 06
-25 34
724
-724
          0

The average number of visitors per day last year was 272.

YOUR TURN
Personal
Math Trainer Find each quotient.
Online Assessment
and Intervention 3. 34,989 ÷ 321 4. 73,375 ÷ 125
my.hrw.com

108 Unit 2
 Dividing with a Remainder
Suppose you and your friend want to divide 9 polished rocks between you so that
you each get the same number of polished rocks. You will each get 4 rocks with 1
rock left over. You can say that the quotient 9 ÷ 2 has a remainder of 1.
Math On the Spot
my.hrw.com
EXAMPL 2
EXAMPLE COMMON
CORE 6.NS.2

Callie has 1,850 books. She must pack them into My Notes
boxes to ship to a bookstore. Each box holds 12
books. How many boxes will she need to pack all
of the books?
154 R2
⎯
Divide 1,850 by 12. 12 ⟌ 1,850
-12
65
-60
50
-48
_
2

The quotient is 154, remainder 2. You can write 154 R2.

Reflect
5. Interpret the Answer What does the remainder mean in this situation?

6. Interpret the Answer How many boxes does Callie need to pack the
books? Explain.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

YOUR TURN
Divide.
⎯
7. 5,796 ÷ 25 8. 67⟌ 3,098

9. A museum gift shop manager wants to put 1,578 polished rocks into
small bags to sell as souvenirs. If the shop manager wants to put
15 rocks in each bag, how many complete bags can be filled? How Personal
Math Trainer
Online Assessment
many rocks will be left over? and Intervention
my.hrw.com

Lesson 5.1 109

Guided Practice
1. Estimate: 31,969 ÷ 488 (Explore Activity)

Round the numbers and then divide.

31,969 ÷ 488 = ÷ =

Divide. (Example 1, Example 2)

2. 3,072 ÷ 32 = 3. 4,539 ÷ 51 = 4. 9,317 ÷ 95 =

9
⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯
32 ⟌ 3, 0 7 2 51 ⟌ 4, 5 3 9 95 ⟌ 9, 3 1 7
− − −
1 9 2 4 5 9
− − −
 

5. 2,226 ÷ 53 = 6. Divide 4,514 by 74. 7. 3,493 ÷ 37 =

8. 2,001 ÷ 83 = 9. 39,751 ÷ 313 = 10. 35,506 ÷ 438 =

11. During a food drive, a local middle school collected 8,982 canned food
items. Each of the 28 classrooms that participated in the drive donated
about the same number of items. Estimate the number of items each
classroom donated. (Explore Activity)
12. A theater has 1,120 seats in 35 equal rows. How many seats are in each
row? (Example 1)

13. There are 1,012 souvenir paperweights that need to be packed in boxes.
Each box will hold 12 paperweights. How many boxes will be needed?
(Example 2)

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

?
? ESSENTIAL QUESTION CHECK-IN

14. What steps do you take to divide multi-digit whole numbers?

110 Unit 2
 Name Class Date

5.1 Independent Practice Personal

Math Trainer
COMMON Online
CORE 6.NS.2 Assessment and
my.hrw.com Intervention

Divide.
15. 44,756 ÷ 167 = 16. 87,628 ÷ 931 =

17. 66,253 ÷ 317 = 18. 76,255 ÷ 309 =

19. 50,779 ÷ 590 = 20. 97,156 ÷ 107 =

21. 216,016 ÷ 368 = 22. 107,609 ÷ 72 =

23. Emilio has 8,450 trees to plant in rows on his tree farm. He will plant
125 trees per row. How many full rows of trees will he have? Explain.

24. Camilla makes and sells jewelry. She has 8,160 silver beads and 2,880
black beads to make necklaces. Each necklace will contain 85 silver beads

and 30 black beads. How many necklaces can she make?

25. During a promotional weekend, a state fair gives a free admission to every
175th person who enters the fair. On Saturday, there were 6,742 people
attending the fair. On Sunday, there were 5,487 people attending the fair.
How many people received a free admission over the two days?

26. How is the quotient 80,000 ÷ 2,000 different from the quotient
80,000 ÷ 200 or 80,000 ÷ 20?
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

27. Given that 9,554 ÷ 562 = 17, how can you find the quotient
95,540 ÷ 562?

28. Earth Science The diameter of the Moon is about 3,476 kilometers. Diameter 3,476 km
The distance from Earth to the Moon is about 384,400 kilometers.
About how many moons could be lined up in a row between Earth
and the Moon? Round to the nearest whole number.

Lesson 5.1 111

29. Vocabulary Explain how you could check the answer to a division
question in which there is a remainder.

30. Yolanda is buying a car with a base price of $16,750. She must also
pay the options, fees, and taxes shown. The car dealership will give Jackson
her 48 months to pay off the entire amount. Yolanda can only afford Auto Dealer
to pay $395 each month. Will she be able to buy the car? Explain. 4-door sedan

base price $16,750

options $ 500

fees $ 370

taxes $ 1,425

FOCUS ON HIGHER ORDER THINKING

Work Area
31. Check for Reasonableness Is 40 a reasonable estimate of a quotient for
78,114 ÷ 192? Explain your reasoning.

32. Critique Reasoning Harrison predicted that the actual quotient for
57,872 ÷ 305 will be less than the estimate 60,000 ÷ 300 = 200. Is
Harrison correct? Explain how Harrison arrived at his prediction (without
dividing the actual numbers).

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

33. Make a Prediction In preparation for a storm, the town council buys
13,750 pounds of sand to fill sandbags. Volunteers are trying to decide
whether to fill bags that can hold 25 pounds of sand or bags that can
hold 50 pounds of sand. Will they have more or fewer sandbags if they fill
the 25-pound bags? How many more or fewer? Explain your reasoning.

112 Unit 2
 LESSON
Adding and COMMON
CORE 6.NS.3

5.2 Subtracting Decimals

Fluently add [and] subtract...
decimals using the standard
algorithm....

? ESSENTIAL QUESTION
How do you add and subtract decimals?

COMMON
6.NS.3
EXPLORE ACTIVITY
CORE

Modeling Decimal Addition

You have probably used decimal grids to model decimals. For example,
25
the decimal 0.25, or ___
100
, can be modeled by shading 25 squares in a
10 × 10 grid. You can also use decimal grids to add decimal values.

A chemist combines 0.17 mL of water and 0.49 mL of hydrogen

peroxide in a beaker. How much total liquid is in the beaker?
A How many grid squares should you shade to represent
0.17 mL of water? Why?

B How many grid squares should you shade to represent

0.49 mL of hydrogen peroxide?

C Use the grid at the right to model the addition. Use one
color for 0.17 mL of water and another color for 0.49 mL of
hydrogen peroxide.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

D How much total liquid is in the beaker? 0.17 + 0.49 = mL

Reflect
Multiple Representations Show how to shade each grid to represent the
sum. Then find the sum.
1. 0.24 + 0.71 = 2. 0.08 + 0.65 =

Lesson 5.2 113

 Adding Decimals
Adding decimals is similar to adding whole numbers. First align the numbers by
place value. Start adding at the right and regroup when necessary. Bring down
the decimal point into your answer.
Math On the Spot
my.hrw.com
EXAMPLE 1 COMMON
CORE 6.NS.3

Susan rode her bicycle 3.12 miles on Monday and 4.7 miles
on Tuesday. How many miles did she ride in all?

STEP 1 Align the decimal points.

3 · 1 2

STEP 2 Add zeros as placeholders + 4 · 7 0

when necessary.
7 · 8 2

STEP 3 Add from right to left.

Susan rode 7.82 miles in all.

STEP 4 Use estimation to check that the answer is reasonable.

Round each decimal to the nearest whole number.
3.12 3
+
__4.70 +
_ 5
7.82 8
Since 8 is close to 7.82, the answer is reasonable.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company • Image Credits: Jacek

Reflect
3. Why can you rewrite 4.7 as 4.70?

4. Why is it important to align the decimal points when adding? Chabraszewski / Shutterstock

YOUR TURN
Add.
Personal 5. 0.42 + 0.27 = 6. 0.61 + 0.329 =
Math Trainer
Online Assessment
and Intervention
my.hrw.com 7. 3.25 + 4.6 = 8. 17.27 + 3.88 =

114 Unit 2
 Subtracting Decimals
The procedure for subtracting decimals is similar to the procedure for adding
decimals.

Math On the Spot

EXAMPL 2
EXAMPLE COMMON
CORE 6.NS.3 my.hrw.com

A Mia is 160.2 centimeters tall. Rosa is 165.1 centimeters tall.

How much taller is Rosa than Mia?
STEP 1 Align the decimal points. 4 1 My Notes
1 6 5 · 1
STEP 2 Add zeros as placeholders - 1 6 0 · 2
when necessary.
4 · 9
STEP 3 Subtract from right to left,
regrouping when necessary.

Rosa is 4.9 centimeters taller than Mia.

To check that your answer is reasonable, you can estimate.

Round each decimal to the nearest whole number.
165.1 165
-
__160.2 -
__160
4.9 5
Since 5 is close to 4.9, the answer is reasonable.

B Matthew throws a discus 58.7 meters. Zachary throws the discus

56.12 meters. How much farther did Matthew throw the discus?
STEP 1 Align the decimal points. 6 10
5 8 · 7 0
STEP 2 Add zeros as placeholders when - 5 6 · 1 2
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

necessary.
2 · 5 8
STEP 3 Subtract from right to left,
regrouping when necessary. Math Talk
Mathematical Practices
Matthew threw the discus 2.58 meters farther How can you
than Zachary. check a subtraction
problem?
To check that your answer is reasonable, you can estimate.
Round each decimal to the nearest whole number.

58.7 59
-
__56.12 -
_ 56
2.58 3
Since 3 is close to 2.58, the answer is reasonable.

Lesson 5.2 115

Guided Practice
Shade the grid to find each sum. (Explore Activity)
1. 0.72 + 0.19 = 2. 0.38 + 0.4 =

Add. Check that your answer is reasonable. (Example 1)

3. 54.87 55 4. 5.
+ 7.48 + 7 2.19 0.215
__ _
+ 34.92 + + 3.74 +
__ __ __ __

Subtract. Check that your answer is reasonable. (Example 2)

6. 9.73 10 7. 8.
18.419 5.006
- 7.16
__ - 7
_
- 6.47 - - 3.2 -
__ __ __ __

Add or subtract. (Example 1, Example 2)

9. 17.2 + 12.9 = 10. 28.341 + 37.5 = 11. 25.36 - 2.004 =

12. 15.52 − 8.17 = 13. 25.68 + 12 = 14. 150.25 - 78 =

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

15. Perry connects a blue garden hose and a green garden hose to
make one long hose. The blue hose is 16.5 feet. The green hose is
14.75 feet. How long is the combined hose? (Example 1)

16. Keisha has $20.08 in her purse. She buys a book for $8.72.
How much does she have left? (Example 2)

?
? ESSENTIAL QUESTION CHECK-IN

17. How is adding and subtracting decimals similar to adding and subtracting
whole numbers?

116 Unit 2
 Name Class Date

5.2 Independent Practice Personal

Math Trainer
COMMON Online
CORE 6.NS.3 Assessment and
my.hrw.com Intervention

Add or subtract.

18. 28.6 - 0.975 = 19. 5.6 - 0.105 =

20. 7.03 + 33.006 = 21. 57.42 + 4 + 1.602 =

22. 2.25 + 65.47 + 2.333 = 23. 18.419 - 6.47 =

24. 83 - 12.76 = 25. 102.01 - 95.602 =

26. Multiple Representations Ursula wrote the sum 5.815 + 6.021 as a sum
of two mixed numbers.
a. What sum did she write?
b. Compare the sum of the mixed
numbers to the sum of the decimals.

Use the café menu to answer 27–29.

27. Stephen and Jahmya are having lunch. Stephen buys a

garden salad, a veggie burger, and lemonade. Jahmya buys a
fruit salad, a toasted cheese sandwich, and a bottle of water.
Whose lunch cost more? How much more?

28. Jahmya wants to leave $1.75 as a tip for her server. She has a
$20 bill. How much change should she receive after paying
for her food and leaving a tip?
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

29. What If? In addition to his meal, Stephen orders a fruit salad
for take-out, and wants to leave $2.25 as a tip for his server.
He has a $10 bill and a $5 bill. How much change should he
receive after paying for his lunch, the fruit salad, and the tip?

30. A carpenter who is installing cabinets uses thin pieces of

material called shims to fill gaps. The carpenter uses four
shims to fill a gap that is 1.2 centimeters wide. Three of the
shims are 0.75 centimeter, 0.125 centimeter, and 0.09
centimeter wide. What is the width of the fourth shim?

Lesson 5.2 117

31. A CD of classical guitar music contains 5 songs. The length of each song is
shown in the table.

Track 1 Track 2 Track 3 Track 4 Track 5

6.5 minutes 8 minutes 3.93 minutes 4.1 minutes 5.05 minutes

a. Between each song is a 0.05-minute break. How long does it

take to listen to the CD from the beginning of the first song

to the end of the last song?

b. What If? Juan wants to buy the CD from an Internet music site.
He downloads the CD onto a disc that can hold up to 60 minutes
of music. How many more minutes of music can he still buy after

downloading the CD?

FOCUS ON HIGHER ORDER THINKING Work Area

32. Analyze Relationships Use the decimals 2.47, 9.57, and 7.1 to write two
different addition facts and two different subtraction facts.

33. Communicate Mathematical Ideas The Commutative Property of

Addition states that you can change the order of addends in a sum. The
Associative Property of Addition states that you can change the grouping

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company • Image Credits: ©Creatas/

of addends in a sum. Use an example to show how the Commutative
Property of Addition and the Associative Property of Addition apply to
adding decimals.

34. Critique Reasoning Indira predicts that the actual difference of

Getty Images

19 - 7.82 will be greater than the estimate of 19 - 8 = 11. Is Indira

correct? Explain how Indira might have arrived at that prediction without
subtracting the actual numbers.

118 Unit 2
 LESSON COMMON
CORE 6.NS.3

5.3 Multiplying Decimals Fluently …multiply…

multi-digit decimals using
the standard algorithm… .

? ESSENTIAL QUESTION
How do you multiply decimals?

COMMON
EXPLORE ACTIVITY CORE 6.NS.3

Modeling Decimal Multiplication

Use decimal grids or area models to find each product.
0.3
A 0.3 × 0.5
0.3 × 0.5 represents 0.3 of 0.5. Shade 5 rows
0.5
of the decimal grid to represent 0.5.
Shade 0.3 of each 0.1 that is already shaded

to represent 0.3 of .

square(s) are double-shaded.

This represents hundredth(s), or 0.15.
0.3 × 0.5 =
B 3.2 × 2.1 3.2
Use an area model. In the model, the large
squares represent wholes, the small rectangles
along the right and lower edges represent tenths,
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

and the small squares at the lower right represent 2.1

hundredths. The model is 3 and 2 tenths units long,
and 2 and 1 tenth unit wide.
The area of the model is
whole(s) + tenth(s) + hundredth(s) square units.
3.2 × 2.1 =

Reflect
1. Analyze Relationships How are the products 2.1 × 3.2 and 21 × 32
alike? How are they different?

Lesson 5.3 119

 Multiplying Decimals
To multiply decimals, first multiply as you would with whole numbers. Then
place the decimal point in the product. The number of decimal places in the
product equals the sum of the number of decimal places in the factors.
Math On the Spot
my.hrw.com
EXAMPLE 1 COMMON
CORE 6.NS.3

Delia bought 3.8 pounds of peppers. The peppers cost $1.99

per pound. What was the total cost of Delia’s peppers?
1.99 ← 2 decimal places
×
__ 3.8 ← + 1 decimal place
1592
+
__5970
7.562 ← 3 decimal places
Round the answer to hundredths
The peppers cost $7.56. to show a dollar amount.

Reflect
2. Communicate Mathematical Ideas How can you use estimation to
check that you have placed the decimal point correctly in your product?

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company • Image Credits: ©PhotoDisc/

YOUR TURN
Multiply.
3. 12.6 ← decimal place(s) 4. 9.76 ← decimal place(s)

× + 
15.3 ← _____________________ × 0.46 ← _____________________
decimal place(s) __________ +  decimal place(s)
Getty Images

______
378

Personal
Math Trainer +
____________ +
____________
Online Assessment
and Intervention ← ←
decimal place(s) decimal place(s)
my.hrw.com

120 Unit 2
 Estimating to Check Reasonableness
In Example 1, you used estimation to check whether the decimal point was
placed correctly in the product. You can also use estimation to check that your
answer is reasonable.
Math On the Spot
my.hrw.com
EXAMPL 2
EXAMPLE COMMON
CORE 6.NS.3

Blades of grass grow 3.75 inches per month. If the grass continues
to grow at this rate, how much will the grass grow in 6.25 months?
3.75 ←  2 decimal places
× + 2 decimal places
6.25 ← _________________ Animated
__ Math
1875 my.hrw.com
7500
+
__225000
My Notes
23.4375 ←  4 decimal places

The grass will grow 23.4375 inches in 6.25 months.

Estimate to check whether your answer is reasonable.
Round 3.75 to the nearest whole number.
Round 6.25 to the nearest whole number.
Multiply the whole numbers. × = 24
The answer is reasonable because 24 is close to 23.4375.

YOUR TURN
Multiply.
5.   7.14 6. 11.49
×
__ 6.78 ×
__8.27
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

5712

 ____________
+
 +
  ____________

7. Rico bicycles at an average speed of 15.5 miles per hour.

What distance will Rico bicycle in 2.5 hours? miles

8. Use estimation to show that your answer to 7 is reasonable. Personal

Math Trainer
Online Assessment
and Intervention
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Lesson 5.3 121

Guided Practice
1. Use the grid to multiply 0.4 × 0.7. 2. Draw an area model to multiply 1.1 × 2.4.
(Explore Activity) (Explore Activity)

0.4 × 0.7 = 1.1 × 2.4 =

Multiply. (Example 1 and Example 2)

3. 0.18 × 0.06 = 4. 35.15 × 3.7 =

5. 0.96 × 0.12 = 6. 62.19 × 32.5 =

7. 3.4 × 4.37 = 8. 3.762 × 0.66 =

9. Chan Hee bought 3.4 pounds of coffee that cost $6.95 per pound.

How much did he spend on coffee? $

10. Adita earns $9.40 per hour working at an animal shelter.

How much money will she earn for 18.5 hours of work? $

Catherine tracked her gas purchases for one month. Week Gallons Cost per gallon ($)
11. How much did Catherine spend on gas in week 2? 1 10.4 2.65
2 11.5 2.54
$
3 9.72 2.75

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

12. How much more did she spend in week 4 than 4 10.6 2.70

in week 1? $

?
? ESSENTIAL QUESTION CHECK-IN

13. How can you check the answer to a decimal multiplication problem?

122 Unit 2
 Name Class Date

5.3 Independent Practice Personal

Math Trainer

COMMON
Online
CORE 6.NS.3 Assessment and
my.hrw.com Intervention

Make a reasonable estimate for each situation.

14. A gallon of water weighs 8.354 pounds. Simon uses 11.81 gallons
of water while taking a shower. About how many pounds of water
did Simon use?

15. A snail moves at a speed of 2.394 inches per minute. If the snail
keeps moving at this rate, about how many inches will it travel
in 7.489 minutes?

16. Tricia’s garden is 9.87 meters long and 1.09 meters wide. What is the
area of her garden?

Kaylynn and Amanda both work at the same store. The table shows
how much each person earns, and the number of hours each person
works in a week.
Wage Hours worked
per week
Kaylynn $8.75 per hour 37.5
Amanda $10.25 per hour 30.5

17. Estimate how much Kaylynn earns in a week.

18. Estimate how much Amanda earns in a week.

19. Calculate the exact difference between Kaylynn and Amanda’s weekly
salaries.

20. Victoria’s printer can print 8.804 pages in one minute. If Victoria prints
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

pages for 0.903 minutes, about how many pages will she have?

A taxi charges a flat fee of $4.00 plus $2.25 per mile.

21. How much will it cost to travel 8.7 miles?

22. Multistep How much will the taxi driver earn if he takes one passenger
4.8 miles and another passenger 7.3 miles? Explain your process.

Lesson 5.3 123

Kay goes for several bike rides one week. The table shows her speed and
the number of hours spent per ride.
Speed (in miles per hour) Hours Spent on Bike
Monday 8.2 4.25
Tuesday 9.6 3.1
Wednesday 11.1 2.8
Thursday 10.75 1.9
Friday 8.8 3.75

23. How many miles did Kay bike on Thursday?

24. On which day did Kay bike a whole number of miles?

25. What is the difference in miles between Kay’s longest bike ride and her
shortest bike ride?
26. Check for Reasonableness Kay estimates that Wednesday’s ride was
about 3 miles longer than Tuesday’s ride. Is her estimate reasonable?
Explain.

FOCUS ON HIGHER ORDER THINKING

Work Area

27. Explain the Error To estimate the product 3.48 × 7.33, Marisa multiplied
4 × 8 to get 32. Explain how she can make a closer estimate.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

28. Represent Real-World Problems A jeweler buys gold jewelry and resells
the gold to a refinery. The jeweler buys gold for $1,235.55 per ounce, and
then resells it for $1,376.44 per ounce. How much profit does the jeweler
make from buying and reselling 73.5 ounces of gold?

29. Problem Solving To find the weight of the gold in a 22 karat gold object,
multiply the object’s weight by 0.917. To find the weight of the gold in
an 18 karat gold object, multiply the object’s weight by 0.583. A 22 karat
gold statue and a 14 karat gold statue both weigh 73.5 ounces. Which one
contains more gold? How much more gold does it contain?

124 Unit 2
 LESSON COMMON
CORE 6.NS.3

5.4 Dividing Decimals Fluently …divide multi-digit

decimals using the standard
algorithm… .

? ESSENTIAL QUESTION
How do you divide decimals?

COMMON
EXPLORE ACTIVITY CORE 6.NS.3

Modeling Decimal Division

Use decimal grids to find each quotient.
A 6.39 ÷ 3
Shade grids to model 6.39. Separate the model into 3 equal groups.

How many are in each group?

6.39 ÷ 3 =
B 6.39 ÷ 2.13
Shade grids to model 6.39. Separate the model into groups of 2.13.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

How many groups do you have?

6.39 ÷ 2.13 =

Reflect
1. Multiple Representations When using models to divide decimals,
when might you want to use grids divided into tenths instead of
hundredths?

Lesson 5.4 125

 Dividing Decimals by Whole Numbers
Dividing decimals is similar to dividing whole numbers. When you divide
a decimal by a whole number, the placement of the decimal point in the
quotient is determined by the placement of the decimal in the dividend.
Math On the Spot
my.hrw.com
EXAMPLE 1 COMMON
CORE 6.NS.3

My Notes A A high school track is 9.76 meters wide. It is divided 1.22

⎯⎯⎯
into 8 lanes of equal width for track and field events. 8⟌ 9.76
How wide is each lane? - 8
17
Divide using long division as with whole numbers. -1 6
16
Place a decimal point in the quotient directly above -16
the decimal point in the dividend. 0
Each lane is 1.22 meters wide.
B Aerobics classes cost $153.86 for 14 sessions. 10.99
Math Talk ⎯⎯⎯⎯
What is the fee for one session? 14⟌ 153.86
Mathematical Practices
- 14
How can you check Divide using long division as with whole numbers. 13
to see that the answer
is correct? -0
Place a decimal point in the quotient directly above 13 8
the decimal point in the dividend. -1 2 6
1 26
The fee for one aerobics class is $10.99.
-1 2 6
0
Reflect
2. Check for Reasonableness How can you estimate
to check that your quotient in A is reasonable?

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

YOUR TURN
Divide.

⎯⎯⎯ ⎯⎯⎯
3. 5⟌ 9.75 4. 7⟌ 6.44
Personal
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and Intervention
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126 Unit 2
 Dividing a Decimal by a Decimal
When dividing a decimal by a decimal, first change the divisor to a whole
number by multiplying by a power of 10. Then multiply the dividend by
the same power of 10.
Math On the Spot
my.hrw.com
EXAMPL 2
EXAMPLE COMMON
CORE 6.NS.3

A Ella uses 0.5 pound of raspberries in each raspberry cake that

she makes. How many cakes can Ella make with 3.25 pounds
of raspberries?
STEP 1 The divisor has one decimal STEP 2 Divide.
place, so multiply both the 6.5
dividend and the divisor ⎯⎯⎯
5⟌ 32.5
by 10 so that the divisor −30
is a whole number. 25
⎯⎯⎯ ⎯⎯⎯ −2 5
0.5⟌ 3.25 0.5⟌ 3.25 0
0.5 × 10 = 5

3.25 × 10 = 32.5
Math Talk
Ella can make 6 cakes. Mathematical Practices
The number of cakes Ella
B Anthony spent $11.52 for some pens that were on sale can make is not equal to the
for $0.72 each. How many pens did Anthony buy? quotient. Why not?

STEP 1 The divisor has two decimal STEP 2 Divide.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company • Image Credits: ©Photodisc/

places, so multiply both the 16

dividend and the divisor by ⎯⎯⎯
⟌
72 1152
100 so that the divisor is a −72
whole number. 432
⎯⎯⎯ ⎯⎯⎯ − 432
0.72⟌ 11.52 0.72⟌ 11.52 0
0.72 × 100 = 72

11.52 × 100 = 1152

Anthony bought 16 pens.

Getty Images

YOUR TURN
Divide.

⎯⎯⎯ ⎯⎯⎯
5. 0.5⟌ 4.25 6. 0.84⟌ 15.12 Personal
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and Intervention
my.hrw.com

Lesson 5.4 127

Guided Practice
Divide. (Explore Activity, Examples 1 and 2)
⎯⎯⎯ ⎯⎯⎯⎯
1. 4⟌ 29.5 2. 3.1⟌ 10.261
⎯ ⎯⎯⎯
3. 2.4⟌ 16.8 4. 0.96⟌ 0.144

5. 38.5 ÷ 0.5 = 6. 23.85 ÷ 9 =

7. 5.6372 ÷ 0.17 = 8. 8.19 ÷ 4.2 =

9. 66.5 ÷ 3.5 = 10. 0.234 ÷ 0.78 =

11. 78.74 ÷ 12.7 = 12. 36.45 ÷ 0.09 =

13. 90 ÷ 0.36 = 14. 18.88 ÷ 1.6 =

15. Corrine has 9.6 pounds of trail mix to divide into 12 bags. How many
pounds of trail mix will go in each bag?

16. Michael paid $11.48 for sliced cheese at the deli counter. The cheese cost
$3.28 per pound. How much cheese did Michael buy?

17. A four-person relay team completed a race in 72.4 seconds. On average,

what was each runner’s time?

18. Elizabeth has a piece of ribbon that is 4.5 meters long. She wants to cut
it into pieces that are 0.25 meter long. How many pieces of ribbon will
she have?

19. Lisa paid $43.95 for 16.1 gallons of gasoline. What was the cost per gallon,
rounded to the nearest hundredth?

20. One inch is equivalent to 2.54 centimeters. How many inches are there in
50.8 centimeters?

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

?
? ESSENTIAL QUESTION CHECK-IN

21. When you are dividing two decimals, how can you check whether you
have divided the decimals correctly?

128 Unit 2
 Name Class Date

5.4 Independent Practice Personal

Math Trainer
COMMON
Online
CORE 6.NS.3 Assessment and
my.hrw.com Intervention

Use the table for 22 and 23.

Custom Printing Costs

Quantity 25 50 75 100
Mugs $107.25 $195.51 $261.75 $329.00
T-shirts $237.50 $441.00 $637.50 $829.00

22. What is the price per mug for 25 coffee mugs?

23. Find the price per T-shirt for 75 T-shirts.

A movie rental website charges $5.00 per month for membership and
$1.25 per movie.
24. How many movies did Andrew rent this month if this month’s bill was
$16.25?
25. Marissa has $18.50 this month to spend on movie rentals.
a. How many movies can she view this month?
b. Critique Reasoning Marisa thinks she can afford 11 movies in one
month. What mistake could she be making?

Victoria went shopping for ingredients to make a stew. The table shows the
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

weight and the cost of each of the ingredients that she bought.

Ingredient Weight (in pounds) Cost

Potatoes 6.3 $7.56
Carrots 8.5 $15.30
Beef 4 $9.56
Bell peppers 2.50 $1.25

26. What is the price for one pound of bell peppers?

27. Which ingredient costs the most per pound?

28. What If? If carrots were $0.50 less per pound, how much would Victoria
have paid for 8.5 pounds of carrots?

Lesson 5.4 129

29. Brenda is planning her birthday party. She wants to have 10.92 liters of
punch, 6.5 gallons of ice cream, 3.9 pounds of fudge, and 25 guests at the
birthday party.
a. Brenda and each guest drink the same amount of punch. How many

liters of punch will each person drink?

b. Brenda and each guest eat the same amount of ice cream. How many

gallons of ice cream will each person eat?

c. Brenda and each guest eat the same amount of fudge. How many

pounds of fudge will each person eat?

To make costumes for a play, Cassidy needs yellow and white fabric that
she will cut into strips. The table shows how many yards of each fabric she
needs, and how much she will pay for those yards.

Fabric Yards Cost

Yellow 12.8 $86.40
White 9.5 $45.60

30. Which costs more per yard, the yellow fabric or the white fabric?

31. Cassidy wants to cut the yellow fabric into strips that are 0.3 yards wide.
How many strips of yellow fabric can Cassidy make?

FOCUS ON HIGHER ORDER THINKING

32. Problem Solving Eight friends purchase various supplies for a camping
trip and agree to share the total cost equally. They spend $85.43 on
food, $32.75 on water, and $239.66 on other items. How much does each
person owe?

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

33. Analyze Relationships Constance is saving money to buy a new bicycle
that costs $195.75. She already has $40 saved and plans to save $8 each
week. How many weeks will it take her to save enough money to purchase
the bicycle?

34. Represent Real-World Problems A grocery store sells twelve bottles of

water for $13.80. A convenience store sells ten bottles of water for $11.80.
Which store has the better buy? Explain.

130 Unit 2
 LESSON
Applying Operations COMMON
CORE 6.NS.3

5.5 with Rational

Fluently add, subtract,
multiply, and divide
multi-digit decimals….

Numbers
? ESSENTIAL QUESTION
How can you solve problems involving multiplication
and division of fractions and decimals?

Interpreting a Word Problem

When you solve a word problem involving rational numbers, you often need
to think about the problem to decide which operations to use.

Math On the Spot

EXAMPL 1
EXAMPLE Problem COMMON
Solving CORE 6.NS.3 my.hrw.com

Naomi earned $54 mowing lawns in two days. She worked 2.5 hours
yesterday and 4.25 hours today. If Naomi was paid the same amount for
every hour she works, how much did she earn per hour?

Analyze Information
Identify the important information.
• Naomi made $54 mowing lawns.
• Naomi worked 2.5 hours yesterday and 4.25 hours today.
• You are asked to find how much she earned per hour.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company • Image Credits: Corbis Bridge /

Formulate a Plan
• The total amount she earned divided by the total hours she worked
gives the amount she earns per hour.
• Use the expression 54 ÷ (2.5 + 4.25) to find the amount she earned
per hour.

Justify and Evaluate

Solve

Follow the order of operations.

(2.5 + 4.25) = 6.75 Add inside parentheses.

54 ÷ 6.75 = 8 Divide.
Naomi earned $8 per hour mowing lawns.
Alamy

Justify and Evaluate

You added 2.5 and 4.25 first to find the total number of hours worked.
Then you divided 54 by the sum to find the amount earned per hour.

Lesson 5.5 131

 YOUR TURN
1. Casey buys 6.2 yards of blue fabric and 5.4 yards of red fabric. If the blue
Personal and red fabric cost the same amount per yard, and Casey pays $58 for
Math Trainer
Online Assessment all of the fabric, what is the cost per yard?
and Intervention
my.hrw.com

Converting Fractions and Decimals

to Solve Problems
Recall that you can use a number line to find equivalent fractions and decimals.
Math On the Spot If a fraction and a decimal are equivalent, they are represented by the same
my.hrw.com point on a number line.

EXAMPLE 2 COMMON
CORE 6.NS.3

Each part of a multipart question on a test is worth the same number of

points. The whole question is worth 37.5 points. Roz got _12 of the parts of
a question correct. How many points did Roz receive?

Solution 1
STEP 1 Convert the decimal to a fraction greater than 1.
1 75
_
2
× 37.5 = _21 × __
2
1
Write 37.5 as 37__
2
75
, or ___
2
.

STEP 2 Multiply. Write the product in simplest form.

2
× 75
1 __
_
2
75
= __
4
= 18 _43 3
Roz received 18__
4
points.

Solution 2

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Convert the fraction to a decimal.
Math Talk
STEP 1
Mathematical Practices 1
_
2
× 37.5 = 0.5 × 37.5
Do the solutions give
the same result?
Explain.
STEP 2 Multiply.

0.5 × 37.5 = 18.75 Roz received 18.75 points.

YOUR TURN
Personal
Math Trainer 2. The bill for a pizza was $14.50. Charles paid for _53 of the bill. Show two ways
Online Assessment to find how much he paid.
and Intervention
my.hrw.com

132 Unit 2
 Name Class Date

5.5 Guided Practice

1. Bob and Cheryl are taking a road trip that is 188.3 miles. Bob drove _57 of
the total distance. How many miles did Bob drive? (Example 1)

2. The winner of a raffle will receive _43 of the $530.40 raised from raffle ticket
sales. How much money will the winner get? (Example 2)

5.5 Independent Practice Personal

Math Trainer
COMMON Online
CORE 6.NS.3 Assessment and
my.hrw.com Intervention

3. Chanasia has 8.75 gallons of paint. She wants to use _25 of the paint to
paint her living room. How many gallons of paint will Chanasia use?

4. Harold bought 3 pounds of red apples and 4.2 pounds of green

apples from a grocery store, where both kinds of apples are $1.75
a pound. How much did Harold spend on apples?
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company • Image Credits: Photodisc/

Samuel and Jason sell cans to a recycling center that Samuel’s cans Jason’s cans
pays $0.40 per pound of cans. The table shows the Day (pounds) (pounds)
number of pounds of cans that they sold for several days. Monday 16.2 11.5
5. Samuel wants to use his earnings from Monday Tuesday 11.8 10.7
and Tuesday to buy some batteries that cost Wednesday 12.5 7.1
$5.60 each. How many batteries can Samuel buy?
Show your work.

6. Jason wants to use his earnings from Monday and Tuesday for online
movie rentals. The movies cost $2.96 each to rent. How many movies can
Jason rent? Show your work.
Getty Images

7. Multistep Samuel and Jason spend _43 of their combined earnings from
Wednesday to buy a gift. How much do they spend? Is there enough left
over from Wednesday’s earnings to buy a card that costs $3.25? Explain.

Lesson 5.5 133

 8. Multiple Representations Give an example of a problem that could be
solved using the expression 9.5 × (8 + 12.5). Solve your problem.

Tony and Alice are trying to reduce the amount Hours watched Hours watched
of television they watch. For every hour they watch in February in March
television, they have to put $2.50 into savings. The Tony 35.4 18.2
table shows how many hours of television Tony and
Alice 21.8 26.6
Alice have watched in the past two months.

9. Tony wants to use his savings at the end of March to buy video games.
The games cost $35.75 each. How many games can Tony buy?

10. Alice wants to use her savings at the end of the two months to buy
concert tickets. If the tickets cost $17.50 each, how many can she buy?

FOCUS ON HIGHER ORDER THINKING Work Area

11. Represent Real-World Problems A caterer prepares three times as

many pizzas as she usually prepares for a large party. The caterer usually
prepares 5 pizzas. The caterer also estimates that each party guest will
eat _31 of a pizza. Write an expression that represents this situation. How
many party guests will the pizzas serve?

Nadia charges $7.50 an hour for babysitting. She babysits 18.5 hours the
first week of the month and 20 hours the second week of the month.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

12. Explain the Error To find her total earnings for those two weeks, Nadia
writes 7.5 × 18.5 + 20 = $158.75. Explain her error. Show the correct
solution.

13. What If? Suppose Nadia raises her rate by $0.75 an hour. How many
hours would she need to work to earn the same amount of money she
made in the first two weeks of the month? Explain.

134 Unit 2
 MODULE QUIZ

Ready Personal
Math Trainer
5.1 Dividing Whole Numbers Online Assessment
and Intervention
my.hrw.com
1. Landon is building new bookshelves for his
bookstore’s new mystery section. Each shelf can
hold 34 books. There are 1,265 mystery books.
How many shelves will he need to build?

5.2 Adding and Subtracting Decimals

2. On Saturday Keisha ran 3.218 kilometers. On
Sunday she ran 2.41 kilometers. How much farther
did she run on Saturday than on Sunday?

5.3 Multiplying Decimals

3. Marta walked at 3.9 miles per hour for 0.72 hours.
How far did she walk?

Multiply.
4. 0.07 × 1.22 5. 4.7 × 2.65

5.4 Dividing Decimals

Divide.
6. 64 ÷ 0.4 7. 4.7398 ÷ 0.26

8. 26.73 ÷ 9 9. 4 ÷ 3.2

5.5 Applying Multiplication and Division

of Rational Numbers
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

10. Doors for the small cabinets are 11.5 inches long.
Doors for the large cabinets are 2.3 times as long as
the doors for the small cabinets. How many large
doors can be cut from a board that is 10 _12 feet long?

ESSENTIAL QUESTION

11. Describe a real-world situation that could be modeled by dividing two

rational numbers.

Module 5 135
 MODULE 5 MIXED REVIEW Personal
Math Trainer
Assessment Online
Assessment and
Readiness my.hrw.com Intervention

Selected Response 6. Nelson Middle School raised $19,950 on

ticket sales for its carnival fundraiser last
1. Delia has 493 stamps in her stamp year at $15 per ticket. If the school sells
collection. She can put 16 stamps on each the same number of tickets this year but
page of an album. How many pages can charges $20 per ticket, how much money
she fill completely? will the school make?
A 30 pages C 31 pages A $20,600 C $26,600
B 32 pages D 33 pages B $21,600 D $30,600

2. Sumeet uses 0.4 gallon of gasoline each 7. Keri walks her dog every morning. The
hour mowing lawns. How much gas does length of the walk is 0.55 kilometer on each
he use in 4.2 hours? weekday. On each weekend day, the walk
A 1.68 gallons is 1.4 times as long as a walk on a weekday.
How many kilometers does Keri walk in
B 3.8 gallons one week?
C 13 gallons
A 2.75 kilometers
D 16 gallons
B 3.85 kilometers
3. Sharon spent $3.45 on sunflower seeds. C 4.29 kilometers
The price of sunflower seeds is $0.89 per
D 5.39 kilometers
pound. How many pounds of sunflower
seeds did Sharon buy?
A 3.07 pounds
Mini-Task
B 3.88 pounds 8. To prepare for a wedding, Aiden bought 60
candles. He paid $0.37 for each candle. His
C 4.15 pounds
sister bought 170 candles at a sale where

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

D 4.34 pounds she paid $0.05 less for each candle than
Aiden did.
4. How many 0.4-liter glasses of water does it
take to fill up a 3.4-liter pitcher? a. How much did Aiden spend on candles?
A 1.36 glasses C 8.2 glasses
B 3.8 glasses D 8.5 glasses
b. How much did Aiden’s sister spend on
5. Each paper clip is _43 of an inch long and candles?
costs $0.02. Exactly enough paper clips are
laid end to end to have a total length of
36 inches. What is the total cost of these
c. Who spent more on candles? How
paper clips?
much more?
A $0.36 C $0.96
B $0.54 D $1.20

136 Unit 2
 UNIT 2
Study Guide Review
MODULE
4 Operations with Fractions Key Vocabulary
reciprocals (recíprocos)

? ESSENTIAL QUESTION
How can you use operations with fractions to solve real-world
problems?

EXAMPLE 1
Add. Subtract.
_ + 5
7 __
9 12
The GCF of 9 and 12 is 36. 9
__ - _5
10 6
The GCF of 10 and 6 is 30.
7×4 5 × 3 Use the GCF to make fractions 9×3
_____ 5×5 Use the GCF to make fractions
____
9×4
+ _____
12 × 3 with common denominators. 10 × 3
- _____
6× 5 with common denominators.
28 __ 25 __
__
36
+ 15
36 36
43
= __ Simplify. 27 __
__
30
- 30 2
= 30 Simplify.

43 7 2 1
__
36
= 1__
36
__
30
= __
15

EXAMPLE 2
Multiply.

A. _54 × _18 B. 2_14 × _51

4 × 1 __ Multiply numerators. Rewrite the mixed number as
____ = 4
5 × 8 40
9 _
_ ×1
Multiply denominators. 4 5 a fraction greater than 1.
4 ÷  4
_____ 1
= __ Simplify by dividing by the GCF. 9 × 1 __ Multiply numerators.
40 ÷  4 10 ____ = 9
4 × 5 20 Multiply denominators.

EXAMPLE 3
Divide.

A. _72 ÷ _21 Rewrite the problem as B. 2_13 ÷ 1_43

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

2 _ multiplication using the Write both mixed numbers

_ ×2
7 1 reciprocal of the second
7 _
_ ÷7
3 4 as improper fractions.
fraction. 1 Multiply by the reciprocal
7×4
Multiply numerators.
_____ = _4
3 × 71 3
2 × 2 _ of the second fraction.
____ =4
7 × 1 7 Multiply denominators. 4 = 1__
Simplify: __ 1
1_13 3 3

EXERCISES
Add. Write the answer in simplest form. (Lesson 4.1)
9
1. _38 + _54 2. 1__
10
+ _43 6
3. _28 + __
12
Subtract. Write the answer in simplest form. (Lesson 4.1)

4. 1_73 - _54 5. 7 __
_
8
5
- 12 6. 5
3__
10
- _84

Unit 2 137
 Multiply. Write the answer in simplest form. (Lesson 4.1)

7. _17 × _54 8. _56 × _32 9. _37 × __

14
15

10. 1_13 × _58 11. 1_29 × 1_12 12. 2_17 × 3_23

Divide. Write the answer in simplest form. (Lessons 4.2, 4.3)

13. _37 ÷ _32 14. _18 ÷ _43 15. 1_15 ÷ _41

16. On his twelfth birthday, Ben was 4 _34 feet tall. On his thirteenth
birthday, Ben was 5 _83 feet tall. How much did Ben grow between his
twelfth and thirteenth birthdays? (Lesson 4.1)

17. Ron had 20 apples. He used _52 of the apples to make pies. How many
apples did Ron use for pies? (Lesson 4.4)

18. The area of a rectangular garden is 38 _41 square meters. The width of
the garden is 4 _21 meters. Find the length of the garden. (Lesson 4.4)

MODULE
5 Operations with Decimals Key Vocabulary
order of operations (orden
? ESSENTIAL QUESTION de las operaciones)
How can you use operations with decimals to solve real-world
problems?

EXAMPLE 1
To prepare for a race, Lloyd ran every day for two weeks. He ran a
total of 67,592 meters. Lloyd ran the same distance every day. He
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
took a two-day rest and then started running again. The first day
after his rest, he ran the same distance plus 1,607.87 meters more.
How far did Lloyd run that day?

Step 1 Divide to see how far Lloyd ran every day during the two weeks.
4,828
⎯
14⟌ 67,592
Lloyd ran 4,828 meters a day.

Step 2 Add 1,607.87 to 4,828 to find out how far Lloyd ran the first day after his rest.
1,607.87
+ 4,828.00
Lloyd ran 6,435.87 meters that day.
6,435.87

138 Unit 2
 EXAMPLE 2
Rebecca bought 2.5 pounds of red apples. The apples cost $0.98 per
pound. What was the total cost of Rebecca’s apples?
2.5 ← 1 decimal place
× .98 ← + 2 decimal places
200
+ 2250
2.450  ← 3 decimal places

The apples cost $2.45.

EXAMPLE 3
Rashid spent $37.29 on gas for his car. Gas was $3.39 per gallon.
How many gallons did Rashid purchase?

Step 1 The divisor has two decimal places, Step 2 Divide:

so multiply both the dividend and 11
the divisor by 100 so that the divisor ⎯
339⟌ 3729
is a whole number: −339
⎯ ⎯ 339
3.39⟌ 37.29 339⟌ 3729
−339
0
Rashid purchased 11 gallons of gas.

EXERCISES
Add. (Lesson 5.2)

1. 12.24 + 3.9 2. 0.986 + 0.342 3. 2.479 + 0.31

Subtract. (Lesson 5.2)

4. 6.19 - 3.05 5. 7.285 - 0.975 6. 14.31 - 13.41

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Multiply. (Lesson 5.3)

7. 12 8. 0.15 9. 3.12
×0.4 × 9.1 ×0.25

Divide. (Lessons 5.1, 5.4)

10. 78,974 ÷ 21 11. 19,975 ÷ 25 12. 67,396 ÷ 123

⎯ ⎯ ⎯
13. 5⟌ 64.5 14. 0.6⟌ 25.2 15. 2.1⟌ 36.75

16. A pound of rice crackers costs $2.88. Matthew purchased _41 pound
of crackers. How much did he pay for the crackers? (Lesson 5.5)

Unit 2 139
Unit 2 Performance Tasks
1. CAREERS IN MATH Chef Chef Alonso is creating a recipe called
Spicy Italian Chicken with the following ingredients: _43 pound chicken,
2_21 cups tomato sauce, 1 teaspoon oregano, and _12 teaspoon of his
special hot sauce.

a. Chef Alonso wants each serving of the dish to include _21 pound of
chicken. How many _12 pound servings does this recipe make?

b. What is the number Chef Alonso should multiply the amount of

chicken by so that the recipe will make 2 full servings, each with
_1 pound of chicken?
2

c. Use the multiplier you found in part b to find the amount of all the
ingredients in the new recipe.

d. Chef Alonso only has three measuring spoons: 1 teaspoon,

_1 teaspoon, and _1 teaspoon. Can he measure the new amounts of
2 4
oregano and hot sauce exactly? Explain why or why not.

2. Amira is painting a rectangular banner 2_14 yards wide on a wall

in the cafeteria. The banner will have a blue background. Amira
has enough blue paint to cover 1_12 square yards of wall.

a. Find the height of the banner if Amira uses all of the blue
paint. Show your work.

b. The school colors are blue and yellow, so Amira wants to add yellow
rectangles on the left and right sides of the blue rectangle. The
yellow rectangles will each be _34 yard wide and the same height as
the blue rectangle. What will be the total area of the two yellow © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
rectangles? Explain how you found your answer.

c. What are the dimensions of the banner plus yellow rectangles? What
is the total area? Show your work.

140 Unit 2
 UNIT 2 MIXED REVIEW Personal
Math Trainer
Assessment Online
Assessment and
Readiness my.hrw.com Intervention

Selected Response 6. What is the absolute value of -36?

1. Each paper clip is _87 of an inch long and A -36

costs $0.03. Exactly enough paper clips are B 0
laid end to end to have a total length of
C 6
56 inches. What is the total cost of these
paper clips? D 36

A $0.49 C $1.47 7. Noelle has _56 of a yard of purple ribbon

9
B $0.64 D $1.92
and __
10
of a yard of pink ribbon. How much
ribbon does she have altogether?
2. Which of these is the same as _98 ÷ _23 ? 11 1
A 1__ yards C 2_ yards
8 3 8 2 15 5
A _÷_ C _×_ 4 14
9 2 9 3 B 1_ yards D 1__ yards
5 16
2 8 8 3
B _÷_ D _×_
3 9 9 2 8. Apples are on sale for $1.20 a pound. Logan
3. A rectangular tabletop has a length of 4_34 bought _43 of a pound. How much money did
feet and an area of 11_7 square feet. What is he spend on apples?
8
the width of the tabletop? A $0.75 C $0.90
1
A 1__ feet B $0.80 D $1.00
16
1
B 2_ feet 9. Samantha bought 4.5 pounds of pears.
2
1 Each pound cost $1.68. How much did
C 4_ feet Samantha spend in all?
4
1
D 8_ feet A $7.52 C $8.40
2
4. Dorothy types 120 words per minute. How B $7.56 D $75.60
many words does Dorothy type in 1.75
minutes? 10. Gillian earns $7.50 an hour babysitting on
the weekends. Last week she babysat for
A 150 words 2.2 hours on Saturday and 3.5 hours on
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

B 180 words
Sunday. How much did Gillian earn?

C 200 words A $4.25 C $42.75

D 210 words B $40.25 D $427.50

5. What is the opposite of 17? 11. Luis made some trail mix. He mixed 4_23 cups
of popcorn, 1_14 cups of peanuts, 1_13 cups of
A -17 raisins, and _43 cup of sunflower seeds. He
1
B -__ gave 5 of his friends an equal amount of
17
trail mix each. How much did each friend
1
C __ get?
17
D 17 3
A 1_5 cups
3
C 1_4 cups
2
B 1_ cups
3 D 2 cups

Unit 2 141
12. Emily cycled 20.25 miles over 4 days last a. On Saturday, _81 of the people who visited
week. She cycled the same amount each were senior citizens, _81 were infants, _14
day. How many miles did Emily cycle each were children, and _12 were adults. How
day to the nearest hundredth? many of each group visited the zoo on
Saturday?
A 5.01 miles C 5.60 miles
Senior Citizens:
B 5.06 miles D 5.65 miles
Infants:
13. Landon drove 103.5 miles on Tuesday,
Children:
320.75 miles on Wednesday, and 186.30
miles on Thursday. How far did Landon Adults:
drive all three days combined? 1
b. On Sunday, __ of the people who visited
16
3
A 61.55 miles C 610.55 miles
were senior citizens, __
16
were infants, _83
3
were children, and _8 were adults. How
B 610.055 miles D 6,105.5 miles many of each group visited the zoo on
Sunday?
Mini Task Senior Citizens:
14. Carl earns $3.25 per hour walking his Infants:
neighbor’s dogs. He walks them _31 of an Children:
hour in the morning and _12 of an hour in the
Adults:
afternoon.
c. The chart shows how much each type of
a. How much time does Carl spend dog ticket costs.
walking every day?
Type of Ticket Cost
Infants Free
b. How much time does Carl spend dog Children Over 2 $4.50
walking in a week? Adults $7.25
Senior Citizens $5.75

c. Ten minutes is equal to _61 of an hour. d. How much money did the zoo make on
How many minutes does Carl work dog Saturday? Show your work.
walking each week?

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

d. How much money does Carl earn each
week?

15. The city zoo had an equal number of

visitors on Saturday and Sunday. In e. How much did the zoo make on Sunday?
all, 32,096 people visited the zoo that
weekend. How many visited each day?

142 Unit 2