Unit 2 Number Operations
Unit 2 Number Operations
Number MODULE
MODULE 4
Operations with
Operations Fractions
COMMON
CORE 6.NS.1, 6.NS.4
MODULE
MODULE5
Operations with
Decimals
COMMON
CORE 6.NS.2, 6.NS.3
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company • Image Credits: ©Corbis
CAREERS IN MATH
Chef The role of a chef is diverse and can
include planning menus, overseeing food
preparation, training staff, and ordering and
purchasing food items. Chefs use mathematics
when scaling recipes as well as in budgeting
and financial planning.
If you are interested in a career as a chef, you
should study these mathematical subjects:
• Basic Math Unit 2 Performance Task
• Business Math At the end of the unit, check
Research other careers that require the use of out how chefs use math.
scaling quantities, and financial planning.
Unit 2 73
UNIT 2
Vocabulary Preview
Use the puzzle to preview key vocabulary from this unit. Unscramble
the circled letters to answer the riddle at the bottom of the page.
1. ISROPCALCER
2. INERADRME
3. RENNOOAIDTM
4. DXMIE RUBMEN
5. NEIDIDDV
6. DRVIOSI
5. The amount that you want to divide in a division problem. (Lesson 5.4)
6. The number you divide by in a division problem. (Lesson 5.4) © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
A: !
74 Vocabulary Preview
Operations with
Fractions
MODULE
LESSON 4.1
4
? ESSENTIAL QUESTION
Applying GCF and
LCM to Fraction
How can you use operations
with fractions to solve Operations
COMMON
real-world problems? CORE 6.NS.4
LESSON 4.2
Dividing Fractions
COMMON
CORE 6.NS.1
LESSON 4.3
Dividing Mixed
Numbers
COMMON
CORE 6.NS.1
LESSON 4.4
Solving Multistep
Problems with
Fractions and Mixed
Numbers
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company • Image Credits: (c)Tetra Images /
COMMON
CORE 6.NS.1
Real-World Video
To find your average rate of speed, divide the distance
you traveled by the time you traveled. If you ride in a
taxi and drive _21 mile in _14 hour, your rate was 2 mi/h
my.hrw.com which may mean you were in heavy traffic.
Alamy
my.hrw.com my.hrw.com Math On the Spot Animated Math Personal Math Trainer
Go digital with your Scan with your smart Interactively explore Get immediate
write-in student phone to jump directly key concepts to see feedback and help as
edition, accessible on to the online edition, how math works. you work through
any device. video tutor, and more. practice sets.
75
Are YOU Ready?
Complete these exercises to review skills you will need Personal
for this module. Math Trainer
Online
Assessment and
Write an Improper Fraction my.hrw.com Intervention
as a Mixed Number
13 _
EXAMPLE __
5
= 55 + _55 + _53 Write as a sum using names for one plus a
proper fraction.
= 1 + 1 + _35 Write each name for one as one.
1. _49 2. _38 23
3. __
6
11
4. __
2
17 15 33 29
5. __
5
6. __
8
7. __
10
8. __
12
Multiplication Facts
EXAMPLE 7×6= Use a related fact you know.
6 × 6 = 36
Think: 7 × 6 = (6 × 6) + 6
= 36 + 6
= 42
7 × 6 = 42
Multiply.
Division Facts
EXAMPLE 63 ÷ 7 = Think: 7 times what number equals 63?
7 × 9 = 63
63 ÷ 7 = 9 So, 63 ÷ 7 = 9.
Divide.
76 Unit 2
Reading Start-Up Vocabulary
Review Words
Visualize Vocabulary area (área)
✔ denominator
Use the ✔ words to complete the triangle. Write the review word (denominador)
that fits the description in each section of the triangle. ✔ fraction (fracción)
greatest common factor
(GCF) (máximo común
divisor (MCD))
part least common multiple
of a whole (LCM) (mínimo común
múltiplo (m.c.m.))
length (longitud)
top number ✔ numerator (numerador)
of a fraction product (producto)
width (ancho)
1 1 1
2. mixed number A _-_ B 3_ C -5
3 5 2
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Active Reading
Layered Book Before beginning the module,
create a layered book to help you learn the
concepts in this module. Label each flap with
lesson titles. As you study each lesson, write
important ideas, such as vocabulary and
processes, under the appropriate flap. Refer
to your finished layered book as you work on
exercises from this module.
Module 4 77
MODULE 4
COMMON
CORE 6.NS.1
Interpret and compute
What It Means to You
quotients of fractions, and You will learn how to divide two fractions. You will also understand
solve word problems involving the relationship between multiplication and division.
division of fractions by
UNPACKING EXAMPLE 6.NS.1
fractions, e.g., by using visual
fraction models and equations Zachary is making vegetable soup. The recipe makes 6_34 cups of
to represent the problem. soup. How many 1_21 -cup servings will the recipe make?
6_43 ÷ 1_12
Key Vocabulary
quotient (cociente) = __
4
÷ 23
27 _
The result when one number is
27 _
divided by another. = __
4
× 32
fraction (fracción) = _92
A number in the form _ba , where
b ≠ 0. = 4_12
COMMON
CORE 6.NS.4
Find the greatest common
What It Means to You
factor of two whole numbers You can use greatest common factors and least common multiples
78 Unit 2
LESSON
Applying GCF and COMMON
CORE 6.NS.4
Operations
? ESSENTIAL QUESTION
How do you use the GCF and LCM when adding, subtracting,
and multiplying fractions?
Multiplying Fractions
To multiply two fractions you first multiply the numerators and then multiply
the denominators.
numerator × numerator
_____________________ numerator
denominator × denominator
= __________
denominator
Math On the Spot
my.hrw.com
The resulting product may need to be written in simplest form. To write
a fraction in simplest form, you can divide both the numerator and the
denominator by their greatest common factor.
Example 1 shows two methods for making sure that the product of two
fractions is in simplest form.
EXAMPL 1
EXAMPLE COMMON
CORE 6.NS.4
3
= __
15
Multiply numerators. Multiply denominators.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
6 _ 6× 2
_
7
× 32 = _____
7× 3
Write the problem as a single fraction.
Math Talk
2
6× 2
= ______
7× 3
Simplify before multiplying using the GCF.
1 Mathematical Practices
2× 2 Compare the methods in
= _____
7× 1 Multiply numerators. Multiply denominators. the Example. How do you
know if you can use the
= _74 method in B ?
Lesson 4.1 79
YOUR TURN
Multiply. Write each product in simplest form.
Personal
Math Trainer
Online Assessment 1. _16 × _53 2. _34 × _97
and Intervention
my.hrw.com
3. _37 × _32 4. _45 × _72
8
7
5. __
10
× __
21
6. _67 × _61
EXAMPLE 2 COMMON
CORE 6.NS.4
A class has 18 students. The teacher asks how many students in the class have
pets and finds _95 of the students have pets. How many students have pets?
STEP 1 Estimate the product. Multiply the whole number by the nearest
benchmark fraction.
5
_
9
is close to _12 , so multiply _12 times 18.
5
_
9
× 18 = _59 × __
18
1
Rewrite 18 as a fraction.
Math Talk
2
× 18
= 5______
9×1
Simplify before multiplying using the GCF.
Mathematical Practices 1
5×2
How can you check = ____
1×1
Multiply numerators. Multiply denominators.
to see if the answer is
white/Alamy
correct? 10
= __
1
= 10 Simplify by writing as a whole number.
80 Unit 2
Reflect
7. Analyze Relationships Is the product of a fraction less than 1 and a
whole number greater than or less than the whole number? Explain.
YOUR TURN
Multiply. Write each product in simplest form.
Personal
5
_ 3
_ Math Trainer
8. 8
× 24 9. 5
× 20
Online Assessment
and Intervention
1
_ 1
_
10. 3
× 8 11. 4
× 14 my.hrw.com
7 3
12. 3 __
10
× 7 13. 2 __
10
× 10
8 1
Add __ _
15 + 6 . Write the sum in simplest form. My Notes
STEP 1 Rewrite the fractions as equivalent fractions. Use the
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Reflect
14. Can you also use the LCM of the denominators of the fractions to
8 _1
rewrite the difference __
15 - 6 ? What is the difference?
Lesson 4.1 81
YOUR TURN
Add or subtract. Write each sum or difference in simplest form.
Personal
Math Trainer
5 5 3
Online Assessment 15. __
14
+ _61 16. __ - __
12 20
and Intervention
my.hrw.com
5 3
17. __
12
- _83 18. 1 __
10
+ _14
Guided Practice
Multiply. Write each product in simplest form. (Example 1)
?
? ESSENTIAL QUESTION CHECK-IN
17. How can knowing the GCF and LCM help you when you add, subtract,
and multiply fractions?
82 Unit 2
Name Class Date
Solve. Write each answer in simplest form. 21. Marcial found a recipe for fruit salad that
he wanted to try to make for his birthday
18. Erin buys a bag of peanuts that weighs party. He decided to triple the recipe.
_3 of a pound. Later that week, the bag is _2
4 3
full. How much does the bag of peanuts Fruit Salad
weigh now? Show your work.
3_21 cups thinly sliced rhubarb
Lesson 4.1 83
22. One container holds 1 _87 quarts of water and a second container holds
5 _34 quarts of water. How many more quarts of water does the second
container hold than the first container?
23. Each of 15 students will give a 1_21 -minute speech in English class.
a. How long will it take to give the speeches?
b. If the teacher begins recording on a digital camera with an hour
available, is there enough time to record everyone if she gives a
15-minute introduction at the beginning of class and every student
takes a minute to get ready? Explain.
24. Represent Real-World Problems Kate wants to buy a new bicycle from
a sporting goods store. The bicycle she wants normally sells for $360. The
store has a sale where all bicycles cost _65 of the regular price. What is the
sale price of the bicycle?
25. Error Analysis To find the product _37 × _94 , Cameron simplified _73 to _17 and
then multiplied the fractions _17 and _94 to find the product __
4
63. What is
Cameron’s error? Work Area
84 Unit 2
LESSON COMMON
CORE 6.NS.1
? ESSENTIAL QUESTION
How do you divide fractions?
COMMON
person receive?
Reflect
1. Write the division shown by each model.
Lesson 4.2 85
Reciprocals
Another way to divide fractions is to use reciprocals. Two numbers whose
product is 1 are reciprocals.
3 _
Math On the Spot _
4
× 43 = __
12
12
=1 _3 and _4 are reciprocals.
4 3
my.hrw.com
To find the reciprocal of a fraction, switch the numerator and denominator.
numerator · ___________
____________ denominator = 1
denominator numerator
EXAMPLE 1 COMMON
CORE Prep for 6.NS.1
Reflect
2. Is any number its own reciprocal? If so, what number(s)? Justify your answer.
YOUR TURN
Personal Find the reciprocal of each number.
Math Trainer
Online Assessment 7
_ 1
__
and Intervention 5. 8 6. 9 7. 11
my.hrw.com
86 Unit 2
COMMON
EXPLORE ACTIVITY 2 CORE 6.NS.1
Division Multiplication
6 _ 6 _
_ ÷2=3
7 7
_ ×7=
7 2
5 _
_ ÷ 3 = _5
8 8 3
5 _
_ ×8=
8 3
_ ÷ 5 = _1
1 _
6 6 5
_
6 5
6
1× _ =
1 _
_ ÷ 1 = _3
4 3 4
_ ×3=
1 _
4 1
Reflect
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Lesson 4.2 87
Using Reciprocals to Divide Fractions
Dividing by a fraction is equivalent to 1 _
multiplying by its reciprocal.
_
5
÷ 41 = _45 _
5
4 _
1×_
1
= 45
5 _
_ ÷ 2 = _59 × _32
9 3
is 23 .
2 __
The reciprocal of __
3
Animated
Math
my.hrw.com STEP 2 Multiply and simplify.
5 _
_
9
× 23 = __
15
18 Multiply the numerators. Multiply the denominators
YOUR TURN
Divide.
Personal
Math Trainer 9 9
Online Assessment 10. __
10
÷ _52 = 11. __
10
÷ _53 =
and Intervention
my.hrw.com
Guided Practice
Find the reciprocal of each fraction. (Example 1)
?
? ESSENTIAL QUESTION CHECK-IN
88 Unit 2
Name Class Date
8. Alison has _21 cup of yogurt for making fruit 13. Jackson wants to divide a _43 -pound box of
parfaits. Each parfait requires _81 cup of trail mix into small bags. Each of the bags
1
yogurt. How many parfaits can she make? will hold __
12
pound of trail mix. How many
bags of trail mix can Jackson fill?
11. Six people share _53 pound of peanuts 16. You make a large bowl of salad to share
equally. What fraction of a pound of with your friends. Your brother eats _31 of it
peanuts does each person receive? before they come over.
a. You want to divide the leftover salad
1
evenly among six friends. What
12. Biology If one honeybee makes __ expression describes the situation?
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company • Image Credits: © Irochka/
12
teaspoon of honey during its lifetime, how Explain.
many honeybees are needed to make _12
teaspoon of honey?
Lesson 4.2 89
FOCUS ON HIGHER ORDER THINKING Work Area
17. Interpret the Answer The length of a ribbon is _34 meter. Sun Yi needs
pieces measuring _31 meter for an art project. What is the greatest number
of pieces measuring _31 meter that can be cut from the ribbon? How much
ribbon will be left after Sun Yi cuts the ribbon? Explain your reasoning.
9
18. Represent Real-World Problems Liam has __ 10
gallon of paint for painting
1
the birdhouses he sells at the craft fair. Each birdhouse requires __20
gallon
of paint. How many birdhouses can Liam paint? Show your work.
19. Justify Reasoning When Kaitlin divided a fraction by _12, the result was
a mixed number. Was the original fraction less than or greater than _12 ?
Explain your reasoning.
90 Unit 2
LESSON
Dividing Mixed COMMON
CORE 6.NS.1
4.3 Numbers
Interpret and compute
quotients of fractions,
and solve word problems
involving division of fractions
by fractions… .
? ESSENTIAL QUESTION
How do you divide mixed numbers?
COMMON
6.NS.1
EXPLORE ACTIVITY
CORE
Reflect
1. Communicate Mathematical Ideas Which mathematical operation
could you use to find the number of sushi rolls that Antoine can make?
Explain.
3. What If? Suppose Antoine instead uses _81 cup of rice for each sushi roll.
How would his model change? How many rolls can he make? Explain.
Images
Lesson 4.3 91
Using Reciprocals to Divide
Mixed Numbers
Dividing by a fraction is equivalent to multiplying by its reciprocal. You can
Math On the Spot use this fact to divide mixed numbers. First rewrite the mixed numbers as
my.hrw.com fractions greater than 1. Then multiply the dividend by the reciprocal of the
divisor.
EXAMPLE 1 COMMON
CORE 6.NS.1
My Notes
One serving of Harold’s favorite cereal contains 1_52 ounces. How many
servings are in a 17_21 -ounce box?
STEP 4 Multiply.
35 _ 5 5__
__
2
× 7
= 35
2
× _57 Simplify first using the GCF.
1
5×5
_____
= 2× 1 Multiply numerators. Multiply denominators.
25
= __
2
, or 12_12 Write the result as a mixed number.
Reflect
4. Analyze Relationships Explain how can you check the answer.
5. What If? Harold serves himself 1_21 -ounces servings of cereal each
morning. How many servings does he get from a box of his favorite
cereal? Show your work.
92 Unit 2
YOUR TURN
6. Sheila has 10 _21 pounds of potato salad. She wants to divide the potato
Personal
salad into containers, each of which holds 1_41 pounds. How many containers Math Trainer
does she need? Explain. Online Assessment
and Intervention
my.hrw.com
The area of a rectangular sandbox is 56_32 square feet. The length of the
sandbox is 8_12 feet. What is the width?
56 _32 ÷ 8 _21
Math Talk
Mathematical Practices
STEP 2 Rewrite the mixed numbers as fractions greater than 1.
Explain how to find
170 __
56 _23 ÷ 8 _21 = ___
3
÷ 17
2
the length of a rectangle
when you know the area
and the width.
STEP 3 Rewrite the problem as multiplication using the reciprocal of
the divisor.
170 __ 170 __
___
3
÷ 17
2
= ___
3
2
× 17
10 ×2
= 170
______
3 × 17
Multiply numerators. Multiply denominators.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
1
20
= __
3
, or 6 _32 Simplify and write as a mixed number.
Reflect
7. Check for Reasonableness How can you determine if your answer
is reasonable?
Lesson 4.3 93
YOUR TURN
8. The area of a rectangular patio is 12_38 square meters.
Personal The width of the patio is 2_34 meters. What is the length?
Math Trainer
1
Online Assessment
and Intervention 9. The area of a rectangular rug is 14 __ 12 square yards.
my.hrw.com The length of the rug is 4 _31 yards. What is the width?
Guided Practice
Divide. Write each answer in simplest form. (Explore Activity and Example 1)
1. 4_41 ÷ _34 2. 1_12 ÷ 2_41
3=
_____ ÷ __ _____ ÷ _____ =
4 4 2 4
?
? ESSENTIAL QUESTION CHECK-IN
94 Unit 2
Name Class Date
COMMON
Online
CORE 6.NS.1 Assessment and
my.hrw.com Intervention
10. Jeremy has 4 _21 cups of iced tea. He wants to divide the tea into _43 -cup
servings. Use the model to find the number of servings he can make.
1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
11. A ribbon is 3 _32 yards long. Mae needs to cut the ribbon into pieces that are
_2 yard long. Use the model to find the number of pieces she can cut.
3
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
12. Dao has 2 _38 pounds of hamburger meat. He is making _14 -pound hamburgers.
Does Dao have enough meat to make 10 hamburgers? Explain.
13. Multistep Zoey made 5 _12 cups of trail mix for a camping trip. She wants
to divide the trail mix into _34 -cup servings.
a. Ten people are going on the camping trip. Can Zoey make enough
_3 -cup servings so that each person on the trip has one serving?
4
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
c. If Zoey decides to use the _34 -cup servings, how much more trail mix
will she need? Explain.
14. The area of a rectangular picture frame is 30 _31 square inches. The length of
the frame is 6 _12 inches. Find the width of the frame.
Lesson 4.3 95
11
15. The area of a rectangular mirror is 11 __ 16 square feet. The width of the
3
_
mirror is 2 4 feet. If there is a 5 foot tall space on the wall to hang the
mirror, will it fit? Explain.
16. Ramon has a rope that is 25 _21 feet long. He wants to cut it into 6 pieces
that are equal in length. How long will each piece be?
17. Eleanor and Max used two rectangular wooden boards to make a set for
the school play. One board was 6 feet long, and the other was 5 _12 feet
long. The two boards had equal widths. The total area of the set was
60 _83 square feet. What was the width?
19. Explain the Error To divide 14 _23 ÷ 2 _34 , Erik multiplied 14 _23 × _43 . Explain
Erik’s error.
20. Analyze Relationships Explain how you can find the missing number
in 3 _45 ÷ = 2 _57 . Then find the missing number.
96 Unit 2
LESSON
Solving Multistep Problems COMMON
CORE 6.NS.1
? ESSENTIAL QUESTION
How can you solve word problems involving more than one
fraction operation?
EXAMPL 1
EXAMPLE Problem COMMON
Solving CORE 6.NS.1
Jon is cooking enough lentils for lentil barley soup and lentil salad. The
lentil barley soup recipe calls for _43 cup of dried lentils. The lentil salad
recipe calls for 1_21 cups of dried lentils. Jon has a _18 -cup scoop. How many
scoops of dried lentils will Jon need to have enough for the soup and
the salad?
Analyze Information
Identify the important information.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company • Image Credits:
• Jon needs _34 cup of dried lentils for soup and 1_12 cups for salad.
• Jon has a _18 -cup scoop.
• You need to find the total number of many scoops of lentils he needs.
Formulate a Plan
( )
You can use the expression _34 + 1_21 ÷ _81 to find the number of scoops of
dried lentils Jon will need for the soup and the salad.
Photodisc/Getty Images
= _34 + _46
Lesson 4.4 97
Jon needs 2 _14 cups of dried lentils for both the soup and the salad.
To find how many _81 -cup scoops he needs, divide the total amount of dried
lentils into groups of _81 .
2_41 ÷ _18 = _49 ÷ _18
18
= __
1
= 18
Jon will need 18 scoops of dried lentils to have enough for both the lentil
barley soup and the lentil salad.
You added _34 and 1_12 first to find the total number of cups of lentils. Then
you divided the sum by _18 to find the number of _18 -cup scoops.
YOUR TURN
1. Before conducting some experiments, a scientist mixes
Personal _1 gram of Substance A with _3 gram of Substance B. If
Math Trainer 2 4
Online Assessment the scientist uses _18 gram of the mixture for each
and Intervention experiment, how many experiments can be conducted?
my.hrw.com
Guided Practice
1. An art student uses a roll of wallpaper to decorate two gift boxes. The
?
? ESSENTIAL QUESTION CHECK-IN
98 Unit 2
Name Class Date
COMMON
Online
CORE 6.NS.1 Assessment and
my.hrw.com Intervention
1
3. Naomi has earned $54 mowing lawns 6. A picture framer has a thin board 10 __ 12
3
the past two days. She worked 2 _21 hours _
feet long. The framer notices that 2 8 feet
yesterday and 4 _14 hours today. If Naomi is of the board is scratched and cannot be
paid the same amount for every hour she used. The rest of the board will be used to
works, how much does she earn per hour make small picture frames. Each picture
to mow lawns? (Example 2) frame needs 1 _23 feet of the board. At most,
how many complete picture frames can
be made?
4. An art teacher has 1_12 pounds of red clay
and _34 pound of yellow clay. The teacher
mixes the red clay and yellow clay 7. Jim’s backyard is a rectangle that is 15 _65
together. Each student in the class needs yards long and 10 _52 yards wide. Jim buys sod
_1 pound of the clay mixture to finish the in pieces that are 1 _13 yards long and 1 _13 yards
8
assigned art project for the class. How wide. How many pieces of sod will Jim need
many students can get enough clay to to buy to cover his backyard with sod?
finish the project?
week. How many appointments can the to make both pieces of pottery? How many
hairstylist schedule each week if each pounds of clay will she have left over?
customer must be trimmed and styled?
Lesson 4.4 99
10. Trina works after school and on weekends. She always works three days
each week. This week she worked 2 _43 hours on Monday, 3 _53 hours on
Friday, and 5 _21 hours on Saturday. Next week she plans to work the same
number of hours as this week, but will work for the same number of
hours each day. How many hours will she work on each day?
12. Justify Reasoning Indira and Jean begin their hike at 10 a.m. one
morning. They plan to hike from the 2 _52 -mile marker to the 8 __
1
10
-mile
marker along the trail. They plan to hike at an average speed of 3 miles
1
per hour. Will they reach the 8 __
10
-mile marker by noon? Explain your
reasoning.
13. Multiple Representations You are measuring walnuts for banana- © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
walnut oatmeal and a spinach and walnut salad. You need _38 cup of
walnuts for the oatmeal and _43 cup of walnuts for the salad. You have a
_1 -cup scoop. Describe two different ways to find how many scoops of
4
walnuts you will need.
100 Unit 2
MODULE QUIZ
Ready Personal
Math Trainer
4.1 Applying GCF and LCM to Fraction Operations Online Assessment
and Intervention
Solve. my.hrw.com
9
1. _54 × _43 2. _57 × __
10
7. Luci cuts a board that is _34 yard long into pieces that
are _83 yard long. How many pieces does she cut?
ESSENTIAL QUESTION
13. Describe a real-world situation that is modeled by dividing two
fractions or mixed numbers.
Module 4 101
MODULE 4 MIXED REVIEW Personal
Math Trainer
Assessment Online
Assessment and
Readiness my.hrw.com Intervention
102 Unit 2
Operations with
Decimals
MODULE
LESSON 5.1
5
? ESSENTIAL QUESTION
Dividing Whole
Numbers
How can you use operations
COMMON
with decimals to solve CORE 6.NS.2
real-world problems?
LESSON 5.2
Adding and
Subtracting Decimals
COMMON
CORE 6.NS.3
LESSON 5.3
Multiplying Decimals
COMMON
CORE 6.NS.3
LESSON 5.4
Dividing Decimals
COMMON
CORE 6.NS.3
LESSON 5.5
Applying Operations
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company • Image Credits: ©PhotoDisc/
with Rational
Numbers
COMMON
CORE 6.NS.3
Real-World Video
The gravitational force on Earth’s moon is less than
the gravitational force on Earth. You can calculate
your weight on the moon by multiplying your
my.hrw.com weight on Earth by a decimal.
Getty Images
my.hrw.com my.hrw.com Math On the Spot Animated Math Personal Math Trainer
Go digital with your Scan with your smart Interactively explore Get immediate
write-in student phone to jump directly key concepts to see feedback and help as
edition, accessible on to the online edition, how math works. you work through
any device. video tutor, and more. practice sets.
103
Are YOU Ready?
Complete these exercises to review skills you will need Personal
for this module. Math Trainer
Online
Assessment and
Represent Decimals my.hrw.com Intervention
6.574 × 100 = 657.4 Move the decimal point 2 places to the right.
104 Unit 2
Reading Start-Up Vocabulary
Review Words
Visualize Vocabulary decimal (decimal)
✔ denominator
Use the ✔ words to complete the chart. You may put more (denominador)
than one word in each section. divide (dividir)
✔ dividend (dividendo)
✔ divisor (divisor)
÷ 450 ÷ 9 = 50
✔ fraction bar (barra de
fracciones)
✔ multiply (multiplicar)
✔ numerator (numerador)
Dividing Numbers ✔ operation (operación)
450
✔ product (producto)
___
9 Not division ✔ quotient (cociente)
✔ rational number (número
racional)
✔ symbol (símbolo)
whole number (número
entero)
Understand Vocabulary
Match the term on the left to the definition on the right.
Active Reading
Booklet Before beginning the module, create
a booklet to help you learn the concepts in this
module. Write the main idea of each lesson on
its own page of the booklet. As you study each
lesson, record examples that illustrate the main
idea and make note of important details. Refer to
your finished booklet as you work on assignments
and study for tests.
Module 5 105
MODULE 5
COMMON
CORE 6.NS.2
Fluently divide multi-digit
What It Means to You
numbers using the standard You will use your prior knowledge of division of whole numbers
algorithm. to perform division with decimals.
COMMON
CORE 6.NS.3
Fluently add, subtract, multiply, What It Means to You
and divide multi-digit decimals You will use your prior knowledge of operations with whole
106 Unit 2
LESSON
Dividing Whole COMMON
CORE 6.NS.2
5.1 Numbers
...Divide multi-digit
numbers using the standard
algorithm....
? ESSENTIAL QUESTION
How do you divide multi-digit whole numbers?
COMMON
6.NS.2
EXPLORE ACTIVITY CORE
Estimating Quotients
You can use estimation to predict the quotient of multi-digit whole numbers.
A local zoo had a total of 98,464 visitors last year. The zoo was open
every day except for three holidays. On average, about how many
visitors did the zoo have each day?
quotient
⎯
A To estimate the average number of visitors per day, you can divide divisor⟌ dividend
the total number of visitors by the number of days. To estimate the
quotient, first estimate the dividend by rounding the number of visitors
to the nearest ten thousand.
The average number of visitors per day last year was about .
Reflect
Getty Images
A local zoo had a total of 98,464 visitors last year. The zoo was open every
day except three holidays? On average, how many visitors did the zoo
have each day?
STEP 1 362 is greater than 9 and 98, so divide 984 by 362. Place the first
digit in the quotient in the hundreds place. Multiply 2 by 362 and
Math Talk place the product under 984. Subtract.
Mathematical Practices
How does the estimate from 2
the Explore Activity compare ⎯
362⟌ 98,464
to the actual average
number of visitors - 72 4
per day? 26 0
STEP 2 Bring down the tens digit. Divide 2,606 by 362. Multiply 7 by 362
and place the product under 2,606. Subtract.
27
⎯
362⟌ 98,464
-72 4
26 06
-25 34
72
272
⎯
362⟌ 98,464
The average number of visitors per day last year was 272.
YOUR TURN
Personal
Math Trainer Find each quotient.
Online Assessment
and Intervention 3. 34,989 ÷ 321 4. 73,375 ÷ 125
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108 Unit 2
Dividing with a Remainder
Suppose you and your friend want to divide 9 polished rocks between you so that
you each get the same number of polished rocks. You will each get 4 rocks with 1
rock left over. You can say that the quotient 9 ÷ 2 has a remainder of 1.
Math On the Spot
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EXAMPL 2
EXAMPLE COMMON
CORE 6.NS.2
Callie has 1,850 books. She must pack them into My Notes
boxes to ship to a bookstore. Each box holds 12
books. How many boxes will she need to pack all
of the books?
154 R2
⎯
Divide 1,850 by 12. 12 ⟌ 1,850
-12
65
-60
50
-48
_
2
Reflect
5. Interpret the Answer What does the remainder mean in this situation?
6. Interpret the Answer How many boxes does Callie need to pack the
books? Explain.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
YOUR TURN
Divide.
⎯
7. 5,796 ÷ 25 8. 67⟌ 3,098
9. A museum gift shop manager wants to put 1,578 polished rocks into
small bags to sell as souvenirs. If the shop manager wants to put
15 rocks in each bag, how many complete bags can be filled? How Personal
Math Trainer
Online Assessment
many rocks will be left over? and Intervention
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9
⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯
32 ⟌ 3, 0 7 2 51 ⟌ 4, 5 3 9 95 ⟌ 9, 3 1 7
− − −
1 9 2 4 5 9
− − −
11. During a food drive, a local middle school collected 8,982 canned food
items. Each of the 28 classrooms that participated in the drive donated
about the same number of items. Estimate the number of items each
classroom donated. (Explore Activity)
12. A theater has 1,120 seats in 35 equal rows. How many seats are in each
row? (Example 1)
13. There are 1,012 souvenir paperweights that need to be packed in boxes.
Each box will hold 12 paperweights. How many boxes will be needed?
(Example 2)
110 Unit 2
Name Class Date
Divide.
15. 44,756 ÷ 167 = 16. 87,628 ÷ 931 =
23. Emilio has 8,450 trees to plant in rows on his tree farm. He will plant
125 trees per row. How many full rows of trees will he have? Explain.
24. Camilla makes and sells jewelry. She has 8,160 silver beads and 2,880
black beads to make necklaces. Each necklace will contain 85 silver beads
25. During a promotional weekend, a state fair gives a free admission to every
175th person who enters the fair. On Saturday, there were 6,742 people
attending the fair. On Sunday, there were 5,487 people attending the fair.
How many people received a free admission over the two days?
26. How is the quotient 80,000 ÷ 2,000 different from the quotient
80,000 ÷ 200 or 80,000 ÷ 20?
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
27. Given that 9,554 ÷ 562 = 17, how can you find the quotient
95,540 ÷ 562?
28. Earth Science The diameter of the Moon is about 3,476 kilometers. Diameter 3,476 km
The distance from Earth to the Moon is about 384,400 kilometers.
About how many moons could be lined up in a row between Earth
and the Moon? Round to the nearest whole number.
30. Yolanda is buying a car with a base price of $16,750. She must also
pay the options, fees, and taxes shown. The car dealership will give Jackson
her 48 months to pay off the entire amount. Yolanda can only afford Auto Dealer
to pay $395 each month. Will she be able to buy the car? Explain. 4-door sedan
options $ 500
fees $ 370
taxes $ 1,425
32. Critique Reasoning Harrison predicted that the actual quotient for
57,872 ÷ 305 will be less than the estimate 60,000 ÷ 300 = 200. Is
Harrison correct? Explain how Harrison arrived at his prediction (without
dividing the actual numbers).
33. Make a Prediction In preparation for a storm, the town council buys
13,750 pounds of sand to fill sandbags. Volunteers are trying to decide
whether to fill bags that can hold 25 pounds of sand or bags that can
hold 50 pounds of sand. Will they have more or fewer sandbags if they fill
the 25-pound bags? How many more or fewer? Explain your reasoning.
112 Unit 2
LESSON
Adding and COMMON
CORE 6.NS.3
? ESSENTIAL QUESTION
How do you add and subtract decimals?
COMMON
6.NS.3
EXPLORE ACTIVITY
CORE
C Use the grid at the right to model the addition. Use one
color for 0.17 mL of water and another color for 0.49 mL of
hydrogen peroxide.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Reflect
Multiple Representations Show how to shade each grid to represent the
sum. Then find the sum.
1. 0.24 + 0.71 = 2. 0.08 + 0.65 =
Susan rode her bicycle 3.12 miles on Monday and 4.7 miles
on Tuesday. How many miles did she ride in all?
4. Why is it important to align the decimal points when adding? Chabraszewski / Shutterstock
YOUR TURN
Add.
Personal 5. 0.42 + 0.27 = 6. 0.61 + 0.329 =
Math Trainer
Online Assessment
and Intervention
my.hrw.com 7. 3.25 + 4.6 = 8. 17.27 + 3.88 =
114 Unit 2
Subtracting Decimals
The procedure for subtracting decimals is similar to the procedure for adding
decimals.
necessary.
2 · 5 8
STEP 3 Subtract from right to left,
regrouping when necessary. Math Talk
Mathematical Practices
Matthew threw the discus 2.58 meters farther How can you
than Zachary. check a subtraction
problem?
To check that your answer is reasonable, you can estimate.
Round each decimal to the nearest whole number.
58.7 59
-
__56.12 -
_ 56
2.58 3
Since 3 is close to 2.58, the answer is reasonable.
3. 54.87 55 4. 5.
+ 7.48 + 7 2.19 0.215
__ _
+ 34.92 + + 3.74 +
__ __ __ __
16. Keisha has $20.08 in her purse. She buys a book for $8.72.
How much does she have left? (Example 2)
?
? ESSENTIAL QUESTION CHECK-IN
17. How is adding and subtracting decimals similar to adding and subtracting
whole numbers?
116 Unit 2
Name Class Date
Add or subtract.
26. Multiple Representations Ursula wrote the sum 5.815 + 6.021 as a sum
of two mixed numbers.
a. What sum did she write?
b. Compare the sum of the mixed
numbers to the sum of the decimals.
28. Jahmya wants to leave $1.75 as a tip for her server. She has a
$20 bill. How much change should she receive after paying
for her food and leaving a tip?
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
29. What If? In addition to his meal, Stephen orders a fruit salad
for take-out, and wants to leave $2.25 as a tip for his server.
He has a $10 bill and a $5 bill. How much change should he
receive after paying for his lunch, the fruit salad, and the tip?
32. Analyze Relationships Use the decimals 2.47, 9.57, and 7.1 to write two
different addition facts and two different subtraction facts.
118 Unit 2
LESSON COMMON
CORE 6.NS.3
? ESSENTIAL QUESTION
How do you multiply decimals?
COMMON
EXPLORE ACTIVITY CORE 6.NS.3
to represent 0.3 of .
Reflect
1. Analyze Relationships How are the products 2.1 × 3.2 and 21 × 32
alike? How are they different?
Reflect
2. Communicate Mathematical Ideas How can you use estimation to
check that you have placed the decimal point correctly in your product?
× +
15.3 ← _____________________ × 0.46 ← _____________________
decimal place(s) __________ + decimal place(s)
Getty Images
______
378
Personal
Math Trainer +
____________ +
____________
Online Assessment
and Intervention ← ←
decimal place(s) decimal place(s)
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120 Unit 2
Estimating to Check Reasonableness
In Example 1, you used estimation to check whether the decimal point was
placed correctly in the product. You can also use estimation to check that your
answer is reasonable.
Math On the Spot
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EXAMPL 2
EXAMPLE COMMON
CORE 6.NS.3
Blades of grass grow 3.75 inches per month. If the grass continues
to grow at this rate, how much will the grass grow in 6.25 months?
3.75 ← 2 decimal places
× + 2 decimal places
6.25 ← _________________ Animated
__ Math
1875 my.hrw.com
7500
+
__225000
My Notes
23.4375 ← 4 decimal places
YOUR TURN
Multiply.
5. 7.14 6. 11.49
×
__ 6.78 ×
__8.27
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
5712
____________
+
+
____________
9. Chan Hee bought 3.4 pounds of coffee that cost $6.95 per pound.
How much money will she earn for 18.5 hours of work? $
Catherine tracked her gas purchases for one month. Week Gallons Cost per gallon ($)
11. How much did Catherine spend on gas in week 2? 1 10.4 2.65
2 11.5 2.54
$
3 9.72 2.75
in week 1? $
?
? ESSENTIAL QUESTION CHECK-IN
13. How can you check the answer to a decimal multiplication problem?
122 Unit 2
Name Class Date
COMMON
Online
CORE 6.NS.3 Assessment and
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14. A gallon of water weighs 8.354 pounds. Simon uses 11.81 gallons
of water while taking a shower. About how many pounds of water
did Simon use?
15. A snail moves at a speed of 2.394 inches per minute. If the snail
keeps moving at this rate, about how many inches will it travel
in 7.489 minutes?
16. Tricia’s garden is 9.87 meters long and 1.09 meters wide. What is the
area of her garden?
Kaylynn and Amanda both work at the same store. The table shows
how much each person earns, and the number of hours each person
works in a week.
Wage Hours worked
per week
Kaylynn $8.75 per hour 37.5
Amanda $10.25 per hour 30.5
19. Calculate the exact difference between Kaylynn and Amanda’s weekly
salaries.
20. Victoria’s printer can print 8.804 pages in one minute. If Victoria prints
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
pages for 0.903 minutes, about how many pages will she have?
22. Multistep How much will the taxi driver earn if he takes one passenger
4.8 miles and another passenger 7.3 miles? Explain your process.
25. What is the difference in miles between Kay’s longest bike ride and her
shortest bike ride?
26. Check for Reasonableness Kay estimates that Wednesday’s ride was
about 3 miles longer than Tuesday’s ride. Is her estimate reasonable?
Explain.
27. Explain the Error To estimate the product 3.48 × 7.33, Marisa multiplied
4 × 8 to get 32. Explain how she can make a closer estimate.
29. Problem Solving To find the weight of the gold in a 22 karat gold object,
multiply the object’s weight by 0.917. To find the weight of the gold in
an 18 karat gold object, multiply the object’s weight by 0.583. A 22 karat
gold statue and a 14 karat gold statue both weigh 73.5 ounces. Which one
contains more gold? How much more gold does it contain?
124 Unit 2
LESSON COMMON
CORE 6.NS.3
? ESSENTIAL QUESTION
How do you divide decimals?
COMMON
EXPLORE ACTIVITY CORE 6.NS.3
6.39 ÷ 3 =
B 6.39 ÷ 2.13
Shade grids to model 6.39. Separate the model into groups of 2.13.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
6.39 ÷ 2.13 =
Reflect
1. Multiple Representations When using models to divide decimals,
when might you want to use grids divided into tenths instead of
hundredths?
YOUR TURN
Divide.
⎯⎯⎯ ⎯⎯⎯
3. 5⟌ 9.75 4. 7⟌ 6.44
Personal
Math Trainer
Online Assessment
and Intervention
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126 Unit 2
Dividing a Decimal by a Decimal
When dividing a decimal by a decimal, first change the divisor to a whole
number by multiplying by a power of 10. Then multiply the dividend by
the same power of 10.
Math On the Spot
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EXAMPL 2
EXAMPLE COMMON
CORE 6.NS.3
3.25 × 10 = 32.5
Math Talk
Ella can make 6 cakes. Mathematical Practices
The number of cakes Ella
B Anthony spent $11.52 for some pens that were on sale can make is not equal to the
for $0.72 each. How many pens did Anthony buy? quotient. Why not?
YOUR TURN
Divide.
⎯⎯⎯ ⎯⎯⎯
5. 0.5⟌ 4.25 6. 0.84⟌ 15.12 Personal
Math Trainer
Online Assessment
and Intervention
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15. Corrine has 9.6 pounds of trail mix to divide into 12 bags. How many
pounds of trail mix will go in each bag?
16. Michael paid $11.48 for sliced cheese at the deli counter. The cheese cost
$3.28 per pound. How much cheese did Michael buy?
18. Elizabeth has a piece of ribbon that is 4.5 meters long. She wants to cut
it into pieces that are 0.25 meter long. How many pieces of ribbon will
she have?
19. Lisa paid $43.95 for 16.1 gallons of gasoline. What was the cost per gallon,
rounded to the nearest hundredth?
20. One inch is equivalent to 2.54 centimeters. How many inches are there in
50.8 centimeters?
21. When you are dividing two decimals, how can you check whether you
have divided the decimals correctly?
128 Unit 2
Name Class Date
A movie rental website charges $5.00 per month for membership and
$1.25 per movie.
24. How many movies did Andrew rent this month if this month’s bill was
$16.25?
25. Marissa has $18.50 this month to spend on movie rentals.
a. How many movies can she view this month?
b. Critique Reasoning Marisa thinks she can afford 11 movies in one
month. What mistake could she be making?
Victoria went shopping for ingredients to make a stew. The table shows the
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
weight and the cost of each of the ingredients that she bought.
28. What If? If carrots were $0.50 less per pound, how much would Victoria
have paid for 8.5 pounds of carrots?
To make costumes for a play, Cassidy needs yellow and white fabric that
she will cut into strips. The table shows how many yards of each fabric she
needs, and how much she will pay for those yards.
30. Which costs more per yard, the yellow fabric or the white fabric?
31. Cassidy wants to cut the yellow fabric into strips that are 0.3 yards wide.
How many strips of yellow fabric can Cassidy make?
32. Problem Solving Eight friends purchase various supplies for a camping
trip and agree to share the total cost equally. They spend $85.43 on
food, $32.75 on water, and $239.66 on other items. How much does each
person owe?
130 Unit 2
LESSON
Applying Operations COMMON
CORE 6.NS.3
Numbers
? ESSENTIAL QUESTION
How can you solve problems involving multiplication
and division of fractions and decimals?
Naomi earned $54 mowing lawns in two days. She worked 2.5 hours
yesterday and 4.25 hours today. If Naomi was paid the same amount for
every hour she works, how much did she earn per hour?
Analyze Information
Identify the important information.
• Naomi made $54 mowing lawns.
• Naomi worked 2.5 hours yesterday and 4.25 hours today.
• You are asked to find how much she earned per hour.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company • Image Credits: Corbis Bridge /
Formulate a Plan
• The total amount she earned divided by the total hours she worked
gives the amount she earns per hour.
• Use the expression 54 ÷ (2.5 + 4.25) to find the amount she earned
per hour.
54 ÷ 6.75 = 8 Divide.
Naomi earned $8 per hour mowing lawns.
Alamy
You added 2.5 and 4.25 first to find the total number of hours worked.
Then you divided 54 by the sum to find the amount earned per hour.
EXAMPLE 2 COMMON
CORE 6.NS.3
Solution 1
STEP 1 Convert the decimal to a fraction greater than 1.
1 75
_
2
× 37.5 = _21 × __
2
1
Write 37.5 as 37__
2
75
, or ___
2
.
2
× 75
1 __
_
2
75
= __
4
= 18 _43 3
Roz received 18__
4
points.
Solution 2
YOUR TURN
Personal
Math Trainer 2. The bill for a pizza was $14.50. Charles paid for _53 of the bill. Show two ways
Online Assessment to find how much he paid.
and Intervention
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132 Unit 2
Name Class Date
2. The winner of a raffle will receive _43 of the $530.40 raised from raffle ticket
sales. How much money will the winner get? (Example 2)
3. Chanasia has 8.75 gallons of paint. She wants to use _25 of the paint to
paint her living room. How many gallons of paint will Chanasia use?
Samuel and Jason sell cans to a recycling center that Samuel’s cans Jason’s cans
pays $0.40 per pound of cans. The table shows the Day (pounds) (pounds)
number of pounds of cans that they sold for several days. Monday 16.2 11.5
5. Samuel wants to use his earnings from Monday Tuesday 11.8 10.7
and Tuesday to buy some batteries that cost Wednesday 12.5 7.1
$5.60 each. How many batteries can Samuel buy?
Show your work.
6. Jason wants to use his earnings from Monday and Tuesday for online
movie rentals. The movies cost $2.96 each to rent. How many movies can
Jason rent? Show your work.
Getty Images
7. Multistep Samuel and Jason spend _43 of their combined earnings from
Wednesday to buy a gift. How much do they spend? Is there enough left
over from Wednesday’s earnings to buy a card that costs $3.25? Explain.
Tony and Alice are trying to reduce the amount Hours watched Hours watched
of television they watch. For every hour they watch in February in March
television, they have to put $2.50 into savings. The Tony 35.4 18.2
table shows how many hours of television Tony and
Alice 21.8 26.6
Alice have watched in the past two months.
9. Tony wants to use his savings at the end of March to buy video games.
The games cost $35.75 each. How many games can Tony buy?
10. Alice wants to use her savings at the end of the two months to buy
concert tickets. If the tickets cost $17.50 each, how many can she buy?
Nadia charges $7.50 an hour for babysitting. She babysits 18.5 hours the
first week of the month and 20 hours the second week of the month.
13. What If? Suppose Nadia raises her rate by $0.75 an hour. How many
hours would she need to work to earn the same amount of money she
made in the first two weeks of the month? Explain.
134 Unit 2
MODULE QUIZ
Ready Personal
Math Trainer
5.1 Dividing Whole Numbers Online Assessment
and Intervention
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1. Landon is building new bookshelves for his
bookstore’s new mystery section. Each shelf can
hold 34 books. There are 1,265 mystery books.
How many shelves will he need to build?
Multiply.
4. 0.07 × 1.22 5. 4.7 × 2.65
8. 26.73 ÷ 9 9. 4 ÷ 3.2
10. Doors for the small cabinets are 11.5 inches long.
Doors for the large cabinets are 2.3 times as long as
the doors for the small cabinets. How many large
doors can be cut from a board that is 10 _12 feet long?
ESSENTIAL QUESTION
Module 5 135
MODULE 5 MIXED REVIEW Personal
Math Trainer
Assessment Online
Assessment and
Readiness my.hrw.com Intervention
2. Sumeet uses 0.4 gallon of gasoline each 7. Keri walks her dog every morning. The
hour mowing lawns. How much gas does length of the walk is 0.55 kilometer on each
he use in 4.2 hours? weekday. On each weekend day, the walk
A 1.68 gallons is 1.4 times as long as a walk on a weekday.
How many kilometers does Keri walk in
B 3.8 gallons one week?
C 13 gallons
A 2.75 kilometers
D 16 gallons
B 3.85 kilometers
3. Sharon spent $3.45 on sunflower seeds. C 4.29 kilometers
The price of sunflower seeds is $0.89 per
D 5.39 kilometers
pound. How many pounds of sunflower
seeds did Sharon buy?
A 3.07 pounds
Mini-Task
B 3.88 pounds 8. To prepare for a wedding, Aiden bought 60
candles. He paid $0.37 for each candle. His
C 4.15 pounds
sister bought 170 candles at a sale where
136 Unit 2
UNIT 2
Study Guide Review
MODULE
4 Operations with Fractions Key Vocabulary
reciprocals (recíprocos)
? ESSENTIAL QUESTION
How can you use operations with fractions to solve real-world
problems?
EXAMPLE 1
Add. Subtract.
_ + 5
7 __
9 12
The GCF of 9 and 12 is 36. 9
__ - _5
10 6
The GCF of 10 and 6 is 30.
7×4 5 × 3 Use the GCF to make fractions 9×3
_____ 5×5 Use the GCF to make fractions
____
9×4
+ _____
12 × 3 with common denominators. 10 × 3
- _____
6× 5 with common denominators.
28 __ 25 __
__
36
+ 15
36 36
43
= __ Simplify. 27 __
__
30
- 30 2
= 30 Simplify.
43 7 2 1
__
36
= 1__
36
__
30
= __
15
EXAMPLE 2
Multiply.
EXAMPLE 3
Divide.
EXERCISES
Add. Write the answer in simplest form. (Lesson 4.1)
9
1. _38 + _54 2. 1__
10
+ _43 6
3. _28 + __
12
Subtract. Write the answer in simplest form. (Lesson 4.1)
4. 1_73 - _54 5. 7 __
_
8
5
- 12 6. 5
3__
10
- _84
Unit 2 137
Multiply. Write the answer in simplest form. (Lesson 4.1)
16. On his twelfth birthday, Ben was 4 _34 feet tall. On his thirteenth
birthday, Ben was 5 _83 feet tall. How much did Ben grow between his
twelfth and thirteenth birthdays? (Lesson 4.1)
17. Ron had 20 apples. He used _52 of the apples to make pies. How many
apples did Ron use for pies? (Lesson 4.4)
18. The area of a rectangular garden is 38 _41 square meters. The width of
the garden is 4 _21 meters. Find the length of the garden. (Lesson 4.4)
MODULE
5 Operations with Decimals Key Vocabulary
order of operations (orden
? ESSENTIAL QUESTION de las operaciones)
How can you use operations with decimals to solve real-world
problems?
EXAMPLE 1
To prepare for a race, Lloyd ran every day for two weeks. He ran a
total of 67,592 meters. Lloyd ran the same distance every day. He
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
took a two-day rest and then started running again. The first day
after his rest, he ran the same distance plus 1,607.87 meters more.
How far did Lloyd run that day?
Step 1 Divide to see how far Lloyd ran every day during the two weeks.
4,828
⎯
14⟌ 67,592
Lloyd ran 4,828 meters a day.
Step 2 Add 1,607.87 to 4,828 to find out how far Lloyd ran the first day after his rest.
1,607.87
+ 4,828.00
Lloyd ran 6,435.87 meters that day.
6,435.87
138 Unit 2
EXAMPLE 2
Rebecca bought 2.5 pounds of red apples. The apples cost $0.98 per
pound. What was the total cost of Rebecca’s apples?
2.5 ← 1 decimal place
× .98 ← + 2 decimal places
200
+ 2250
2.450 ← 3 decimal places
EXAMPLE 3
Rashid spent $37.29 on gas for his car. Gas was $3.39 per gallon.
How many gallons did Rashid purchase?
EXERCISES
Add. (Lesson 5.2)
7. 12 8. 0.15 9. 3.12
×0.4 × 9.1 ×0.25
⎯ ⎯ ⎯
13. 5⟌ 64.5 14. 0.6⟌ 25.2 15. 2.1⟌ 36.75
16. A pound of rice crackers costs $2.88. Matthew purchased _41 pound
of crackers. How much did he pay for the crackers? (Lesson 5.5)
Unit 2 139
Unit 2 Performance Tasks
1. CAREERS IN MATH Chef Chef Alonso is creating a recipe called
Spicy Italian Chicken with the following ingredients: _43 pound chicken,
2_21 cups tomato sauce, 1 teaspoon oregano, and _12 teaspoon of his
special hot sauce.
a. Chef Alonso wants each serving of the dish to include _21 pound of
chicken. How many _12 pound servings does this recipe make?
c. Use the multiplier you found in part b to find the amount of all the
ingredients in the new recipe.
a. Find the height of the banner if Amira uses all of the blue
paint. Show your work.
b. The school colors are blue and yellow, so Amira wants to add yellow
rectangles on the left and right sides of the blue rectangle. The
yellow rectangles will each be _34 yard wide and the same height as
the blue rectangle. What will be the total area of the two yellow © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
rectangles? Explain how you found your answer.
c. What are the dimensions of the banner plus yellow rectangles? What
is the total area? Show your work.
140 Unit 2
UNIT 2 MIXED REVIEW Personal
Math Trainer
Assessment Online
Assessment and
Readiness my.hrw.com Intervention
B 180 words
Sunday. How much did Gillian earn?
5. What is the opposite of 17? 11. Luis made some trail mix. He mixed 4_23 cups
of popcorn, 1_14 cups of peanuts, 1_13 cups of
A -17 raisins, and _43 cup of sunflower seeds. He
1
B -__ gave 5 of his friends an equal amount of
17
trail mix each. How much did each friend
1
C __ get?
17
D 17 3
A 1_5 cups
3
C 1_4 cups
2
B 1_ cups
3 D 2 cups
Unit 2 141
12. Emily cycled 20.25 miles over 4 days last a. On Saturday, _81 of the people who visited
week. She cycled the same amount each were senior citizens, _81 were infants, _14
day. How many miles did Emily cycle each were children, and _12 were adults. How
day to the nearest hundredth? many of each group visited the zoo on
Saturday?
A 5.01 miles C 5.60 miles
Senior Citizens:
B 5.06 miles D 5.65 miles
Infants:
13. Landon drove 103.5 miles on Tuesday,
Children:
320.75 miles on Wednesday, and 186.30
miles on Thursday. How far did Landon Adults:
drive all three days combined? 1
b. On Sunday, __ of the people who visited
16
3
A 61.55 miles C 610.55 miles
were senior citizens, __
16
were infants, _83
3
were children, and _8 were adults. How
B 610.055 miles D 6,105.5 miles many of each group visited the zoo on
Sunday?
Mini Task Senior Citizens:
14. Carl earns $3.25 per hour walking his Infants:
neighbor’s dogs. He walks them _31 of an Children:
hour in the morning and _12 of an hour in the
Adults:
afternoon.
c. The chart shows how much each type of
a. How much time does Carl spend dog ticket costs.
walking every day?
Type of Ticket Cost
Infants Free
b. How much time does Carl spend dog Children Over 2 $4.50
walking in a week? Adults $7.25
Senior Citizens $5.75
c. Ten minutes is equal to _61 of an hour. d. How much money did the zoo make on
How many minutes does Carl work dog Saturday? Show your work.
walking each week?
142 Unit 2