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No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or any means, electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, or otherwise without the prior permission of the author.

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GATE SOLVED PAPER
Electronics & Communication
Control System
e eri
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Copyright © By NODIA & COMPANY
En
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Information contained in this book has been obtained by authors, from sources believes to be reliable. However,
neither Nodia nor its authors guarantee the accuracy or completeness of any information herein, and Nodia nor its
authors shall be responsible for any error, omissions, or damages arising out of use of this information. This book
is published with the understanding that Nodia and its authors are supplying information but are not attempting
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to render engineering or other professional services.

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Ph : +91 - 141 - 2101150
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email : [email protected]

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GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC

CONTROL SYSTEM

2013 ONE MARK

Q. 1 The Bode plot of a transfer function G ^s h is shown in the figure below.

n
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e eri
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The gain _20 log G ^s h i is 32 dB and 8-dB at 1 rad/s and 10 rad/s respectively.
The phase is negative for all .wThen G ^s h is
En

(A) 39.8 (B) 392.8

s s
32 32
arn

(C) (D) 2
s s

2013 TWO MARKS

Y ^s h
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Q. 2 The signal flow graph for a system is given below. The transfer function for
U ^s h
this system is
w
ww

(A) s 1+ (B) 1+ s
5s2 6s +2 + s2
6s +2 +
(C) 2 s 1+ (D) 2 1
s 4s +2 + 5s 6s +2 +

Statement for Linked Answer Questions 3 and 4:

The state diagram of a system is shown below. A system is described by the state-
o AX =Bu ; y CX+=Du
variable equations X +

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GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC CONTROL SYSTEM

Q. 3 The state-variable equations of the system shown in the figure above are
o >= 1- 0 H X >+ 1- o >= 1- 0 H X 1-
1H >+-1 H u
X u X
(A) 1 1- (B) 1 -1
y 61 =1@ X u - + y 6 =1 1- @X u- +
o >= 1- 0 H X >+ 1- o >= 1 -1H X -1-

n
-1 H >+1 H u
X u X
(C) 1 -1 (D) 0 1-

g.i
y 6 =1 1- @X u - - y 61 =1@ X u - -
Q. 4 The state transition matrix eAt of the system shown in the figure above is

n
e t- 0 e t- 0
(A) > t -tH - (B) > H
te e - t e -t
te -

Q. 5
(C) >
e
e
t-

t
0
e -t
H -
e eri
(D) >
e t
0
--t
te
e t-
H

The open-loop transfer function of a dc motor is given as V ^^shh =10 w

s
-

+ s . When
gin
1 10
a

connected in feedback as shown below, the approximate value of Ka that will

reduce the time constant of the closed loop system by one hundred times as
compared to that of the open-loop system is
En
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(A) 1 (B) 5
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(C) 10 (D) 100

2012 ONE MARK

w

(s2 9) (s +2) +
Q. 6 A system with transfer function G (s) =
(s 1) (s +3) (s 4) + +
ww

is excited by sin ( t)w. The steady-state output of the system is zero at

(A) w = 1 rad/s (B) w = 2 rad/s
(C) w = 3 rad/s (D) w = 4 rad/s

2012 TWO MARKS

Q. 7 The feedback system shown below oscillates at 2 rad/s when

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GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC CONTROL SYSTEM

(A) K 2 and a = 0.75 = (B) K 3 and a = 0.75 =

(C) K 4 and a = 0.5 = (D) K 2 and a = 0.5 =

Q. 8 The state variable description of an LTI system is given by

Jxo1N J 0 a1 0NJx1N J0N Jx1N
K O K OK O K O K O
Kxo2O K 0 0 a2OKx2O =K0O u y _=1 0 0iKx2O +
Kxo O Ka OK
0 0 x3O K 1O Kx3 O
3 3
L P L PL P L P L P
where y is the output and u is the input. The system is controllable for
(A) a1 ! 0, a2 = 0, a 3 ! 0 (B) a1 = 0, a2 ! 0, a 3 ! 0
(C) a1 0, a 3 ! 0, a 3 = 0 (D) a1 ! =0, a2 ! 0, a 3 =0

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g.i
2011 ONE MARK

Q. 9 The root locus plot for a system is given below. The open loop transfer function

n
corresponding to this plot is given by

e eri
gin
En

s (s 1+) (s 1+)
(A) G ^s h H ^s h =
k (B) G ^s h H ^s h =
k
arn

(s 2) (s +3) + 2) (s +3) 2
s (s +
1 (s 1+)
(C) G ^s h H ^s h =
k (D) G ^s h H ^s h =
k
s (s 1) (s -2) (s 3) + + s (s 2) (s +3) +
Q. 10 For the transfer function G (j ) 5 =j w, the+correspondingw Nyquist plot for
.Le

positive frequency has the form

w
ww

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GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC CONTROL SYSTEM

2011 TWO MARKS

Q. 11 The block diagram of a system with one input u and two outputs y1 and y2 is
given below.

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g.i
A state space model of the above system in terms of the state vector x and the
output vector y = [y1 y2]T is
(A) xo [2] x =[1] u ; y [1+2] x =

n
1
(B) xo [ =2] x -[1] u; y +> H x =
2

(C) xo >=
0
2- 0

2 0
2-H
1
1
x > H u ; y +81 2B x
1

(D) xo > H x => H u ; y > H x +

0 2 1
e1
2
eri =

=
gin

Common Data For Q. 12 and 13

The input-output transfer function of a plant H (s) = 100 2 .
En

+)
s (s 10
The plant is placed in a unity negative feedback configuration as shown in the
figure below.
arn
.Le

Q. 12 The gain margin of the system under closed loop unity negative feedback is
(A) 0 dB (B) 20 dB
w

(C) 26 dB (D) 46 dB
ww

Q. 13 The signal flow graph that DOES NOT model the plant transfer function H (s) is

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GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC CONTROL SYSTEM

2010 ONE MARK

Q. 14 The transfer function Y (s) /R (s) of the system shown is

n
(A) 0 (B)
s 1+

g.i
(C) 2 (D) 2
s 1+ s 3+
Y (s)
Q. 15 A system with transfer function = s has an output y (t) cos a2t = kp -
X (s) s p+ 3

n
for the input signal x (t) p
p cos a2t = k. Then, the system
- parameter p is
2

eri
(A) 3 (B) 2/ 3
(C) 1 e (D) 3 /2

Q. 16 For the asymptotic Bode magnitude plot shown below, the system transfer
function can be
gin
En
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(A) 10s 1+ (B) 100s 1+

0.1s 1+ 0.1s 1+
(C) 100s (D) 0.1s 1+
.Le

10s 1+ 10s 1+

2010 TWO MARKS

w

Common Data For Q. 17 and 18

ww

The signal flow graph of a system is shown below:

Q. 17 The state variable representation of the system can be

1 1 0 1- 1 0
(A) x >= 1- 0H x >+2H u
o
(B)
xo >= 1- 0H x >+2H u
yo =[0 0.5] x yo 8=0 0.5B x

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GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC CONTROL SYSTEM

1 1 0 1- 1 0
(C)
xo >
=
1- 0H x >+H u
2 (D)
xo >= 1- 0H x >+2H u
y 8=0.5 0.5B x
o yo 8=0.5 0.5B x
Q. 18 The transfer function of the system is
(A) s2 1+ (B) s2 1-
s 1+ s 1+
(C) 2 s 1+ (D) 2 s 1-
s s +1 + s s +1 +
Q. 19 A unity negative feedback closed loop system has a plant with the transfer
function G (s) = 1
and+ a controller Gc (s) in the feed forward path. For a unit

n
2
s 2s +2
set input, the transfer function of the controller that gives minimum steady state

g.i
error is
(A) Gc (s) = s 1+ (B) Gc (s) = s 2+
s 2+ s 1+
(s 1) (s +4) +

n
(C) Gc (s) = (D) Gc (s) 1 = 2 3s + +
(s 2) (s +3) + s

Q. 20
2009
e eri ONE MARK

The magnitude plot of a rational transfer function G (s) with real coefficients is
shown below. Which of the following compensators has such a magnitude plot ?
gin
En
arn

(A) Lead compensator (B) Lag compensator

(C) PID compensator (D) Lead-lag compensator

Consider the system

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Q. 21

1 0 p
dx Ax =Bu with +
A ==0 1G and B ==q G
dt
where p and q are arbitrary real numbers. Which of the following statements
w

about the controllability of the system is true ?

(A) The system is completely state controllable for any nonzero values of p and
ww

q
(B) Only p = 0 and q = 0 result in controllability
(C) The system is uncontrollable for all values of p and q
(D) We cannot conclude about controllability from the given data

2009 TWO MARKS

Q. 22 The feedback configuration and the pole-zero locations of

G (s)=s2 2s -2 +
s2 2s +2 +
are shown below. The root locus for negative values of k , i.e. for -
3 k < 0 , has <

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GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC CONTROL SYSTEM

breakaway/break-in points and angle of departure at pole P (with respect to the

positive real axis) equal to

(A) ! 2 and 0c (B) ! 2 and 45c

n
(C) ! 3 and 0c (D) ! 3 and 45c

g.i
Q. 23 The unit step response of an under-damped second order system has steady state
value of -2. Which one of the following transfer functions has theses properties ?
(A) 2 2-.24 (B) 2 3-.82

n
s 2.59s +1.12 + s 1.91s +1.91 +
2-.24 -

eri
(C) (D) 382
s2 2.59s -1.12 + s2 1.91s -1.91 +
e
Common Data For Q. 24 and 25 :
gin
The Nyquist plot of a stable transfer function G (s) is shown in the figure are
interested in the stability of the closed loop system in the feedback configuration
shown.
En
arn
.Le

Q. 24 Which of the following statements is true ?

(A) G (s) is an all-pass filter
(B) G (s) has a zero in the right-half plane
w

(C) G (s) is the impedance of a passive network

(D) G (s) is marginally stable
ww

Q. 25 The gain and phase margins of G (s) for closed loop stability are
(A) 6 dB and 180c (B) 3 dB and 180c
(C) 6 dB and 90c (D) 3 dB and 90c

2008 ONE MARKS

Q. 26 Step responses of a set of three second-order underdamped systems all have the
same percentage overshoot. Which of the following diagrams represents the poles
of the three systems ?

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GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC CONTROL SYSTEM

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Q. 27 The pole-zero given below correspond to a

e eri
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(A) Law pass filter (B) High pass filter

(C) Band filter (D) Notch filter
En

2008 TWO MARKS

arn

Q. 28 A signal flow graph of a system is given below

w .Le

The set of equalities that corresponds to this signal flow graph is

Jx1N R b - g0 VJx1N R0 0 V
K O S WK O S W u1
(A) d Kx2O = 0 1 We o
ww

S g a0 WKx2O S+
dt K O S S u2
x3 W
S - a b0 W x3 K O S1 0 WW
L P XVL P TR XV
Jx1N RT0 a gWJx1N S1 0 W
K O S K O u1
0 1 We -
u2 o
(B) d Kx2O S0 = a WKgx2O- S+
dt K O S WK O S W
x3 S0 b -Wbx3 S0 0 W
L P TR VXJL NP RT VX
Jx1N - a b0 W x1 1 0
K O S K O S W u1
(C) d x =
S b- g0 WKx2O - S0 1 We o +
dt KK 2OO S u2
x3 S a g0 WWKx3O SS0 0 WW
L P TR XVLJ PN TR XV
Jx1N - a0 bW x1 1 0
K O S K O S W u1
(D) d Kx2O = S g0 a WKx2O S+0 1 We o
dt K O S S u2
x3 S W
b0 - Wax3K O S0 0 WW-
L P T XL P T X

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GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC CONTROL SYSTEM

Q. 29 Group I lists a set of four transfer functions. Group II gives a list of possible step
response y (t). Match the step responses with the corresponding transfer functions.

n
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e eri
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(A) P 3, Q -1, R 4, S -2 - -
(B) P 3, Q -2, R 4, S -1 - -
En

(C) P 2, Q -1, R 4, S -2 - -
(D) P 3, Q -4, R 1, S -2 - -
arn

Q. 30 A certain system has transfer function

G (s) =2 s 8+
s sa+4 -
where ais a parameter. Consider the standard negative unity feedback
.Le

configuration as shown below

w

Which of the following statements is true?

ww

(A) The closed loop systems is never stable for any value of a
(B) For some positive value of ,athe closed loop system is stable, but not for
all positive values.
(C) For all positive values of ,athe closed loop system is stable.
(D) The closed loop system stable for all values of ,aboth positive and
negative.

Q. 31 The number of open right half plane of

G (s) =5 10 is
4 3
s 2s +3s 6s2 +5s 3 + + +
(A) 0 (B) 1
(C) 2 (D) 3

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GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC CONTROL SYSTEM

Q. 32 The magnitude of frequency responses of an underdamped second order system

is 5 at 0 rad/sec and peaks to 10 at 5 2 rad/sec. The transfer function of the
system is 3
(A) 2 500 (B) 2 375
s 10s +100 + s 5s +75 +
(C) 2 720 (D) 2 1125
s 12s +144 + s 25s +225 +
Q. 33 Group I gives two possible choices for the impedance Z in the diagram. The
circuit elements in Z satisfy the conditions R2 C2 >
R1 C1. The transfer functions
V0 represents a kind of controller.
Vi

n
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eri
Match the impedances in Group I with the type of controllers in Group II
e
gin
En

(A) Q 1, R -2 - (B) Q 1, R -3 -
(C) Q 2, R -3 - (D) Q 3, R -2 -
arn

2007 ONE MARK

Q. 34 If the closed-loop transfer function of a control system is given as T (s) s 5-

(s 2)( s +3) +
, then It is
.Le

(A) an unstable system

(B) an uncontrollable system
(C) a minimum phase system
w

(D) a non-minimum phase system

ww

2007 TWO MARKS

Q. 35 A control system with PD controller is shown in the figure. If the velocity error
constant KV = 1000 and the damping ratio z = 0.5 , then the value of KP and KD
are

(A) KP 100, KD = 0.09 = KP

(B) 100, KD = 0.9 =
(C) KP 10, KD = 0.09 = (D) KP 10, KD = 0.9 =

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GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC CONTROL SYSTEM

Q. 36 The transfer function of a plant is T (s)= 5

(s 5)( s2 +s 1) + +
The second-order approximation of T (s) using dominant pole concept is
(A) 1 (B) 5
(s 5)( s +1) + (s 5)( s +1) +
(C) 2 5 (D) 2 1
s s +1 + s s +1 +
Q. 37 The open-loop transfer function of a plant is given as G (s) = 1
s -1
. If the plant is
2

operated in a unity feedback configuration, then the lead compensator that an

stabilize this control system is

n
10 (s 1-) 10 (s 4+)
(A) (B)
s 2+ s 2+

g.i
10 (s 2+) 2 (s 2+)
(C) (D)
s 10+ s 10+

n
Q. 38 A unity feedback control system has an open-loop transfer function
G (s) = 2 K

eri
s (s 7s +12) +
The gain K for which s 1 =j1 will +
lie on the root locus of this system is
(A) 4 (B) 5.5
e
(C) 6.5 (D) 10
gin
Q. 39 The asymptotic Bode plot of a transfer function is as shown in the figure. The
transfer function G (s) corresponding to this Bode plot is
En
arn
.Le

(A) 1 (B) 1
(s 1)( s +20) + s (s 1)( s +20) +
(C) 100 (D) 100
s (s 1)( s +20) + s (s 1)( 1 +0.05s) +
w

Q. 40 The state space representation of a separately excited DC servo motor dynamics

is given as
ww

d w
1- 1 w 0
> H == 1 -10G=i G -=+
10G
dt
dio u
dt a

where w
is the speed of the motor, ia is the armature current and u is the
(w
s)
armature voltage. The transfer function of the motor is
U (s)
(A) 2 10 (B) 2 1
s 11s +11 + s 11s +11 +
(C) 2 10s +
10 (D) 2 1
s 11s +11 + s s +11 +

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GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC CONTROL SYSTEM

Statement for linked Answer Question 41 and 42 :

Consider a linear system whose state space representation is x (t) = Ax (t). If
1
the initial state vector of the system is x (0) == G, then the system response is
2-
e 2-x 1
x (t) >= tH . If the itial state vector of the system changes to x (0)
2- == 2-G, then
2-e
e t-
the system response becomes x (t) >= t-H
e-
Q. 41 The eigenvalue and eigenvector pairs ( i vli) for the system are
1 1 1 1
(A) e 1-= Go and e 2-= Go (B) e 1-, = Go and e2, = Go
1- 2- 1- 2-

n
1 1 1 1
(C) e 1-, = Go and e 2-, = Go (D) e 2-= Go and e1, = Go

g.i
1- 2- 1- 2-
Q. 42 The system matrix A is
0 1 1 1
(A) =
1-1G
(B) =
1 -2G

n
-

eri
2 1 0 1
(C) =
1 -1G
(D) =
- 2 -3G -

2006
e ONE MARK
gin
Q. 43 The open-loop function of a unity-gain feedback control system is given by
G (s) = K
(s 1)( s +2) +
The gain margin of the system in dB is given by
En

(A) 0 (B) 1
(C) 20 (D) 3
arn

2006 TWO MARKS

Q. 44 Consider two transfer functions G1 (s)=2 1 and G2 (s) =2 s .

s as +b + s as +b +
.Le

The 3-dB bandwidths of their frequency responses are, respectively

(A) a2 4b , a2 -4b + (B) a2 4b , a2 +4b -
2 2 2 2
(C) a 4b , a -4b - (D) a 4b , a +4b +
w

Q. 45 The Nyquist plot of G (j ) H (j w)for a closed wloop control system, passes through
( 1-, j0) point in the GH plane. The gain margin of the system in dB is equal to
ww

(A) infinite (B) greater than zero

(C) less than zero (D) zero

Q. 46 The positive values of K and a so that the system shown in the figures below
oscillates at a frequency of 2 rad/sec respectively are

(A) 1, 0.75 (B) 2, 0.75

(C) 1, 1 (D) 2, 2

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GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC CONTROL SYSTEM

Q. 47 The transfer function of a phase lead compensator is given by Gc (s) 1 3+Ts

=
+
1 Ts
where T > 0 The maximum phase shift provide by
such a compensator is
(A) p (B) p
2 3
(C) p (D) p
4 6

Q. 48 A linear system is described by the following state equation

0 1
Xo (t) AX (t) =BU (t), A =
1- 0G
+ =

n
The state transition matrix of the system is

g.i
cos t sin t - t sin t
cos
(A) =
- t cos t G
(B) =
sin sin t -cos t G -
- t sin
cos - t - t
cos t sin
(C) = G (D) =
cos t sin t G

n
- t cos t
sin

function is : G (s) =as 1+

e eri
Statement for Linked Answer Questions 49 and 50:
Consider a unity - gain feedback control system whose open - loop transfer
gin
s2
Q. 49 The value of a so that the system has a phase - margin equal to pis approximately
4
equal to
(A) 2.40 (B) 1.40
En

(C) 0.84 (D) 0.74

Q. 50 With the value of a set for a phase - margin of ,pthe value of unit - impulse
4
response of the open - loop system at t =
arn

1 second is equal to
(A) 3.40 (B) 2.40
(C) 1.84 (D) 1.74
.Le

2005 ONE MARK

Q. 51 Which one of the following polar diagrams corresponds to a lag network ?

w
ww

Q. 52 A linear system is equivalently represented by two sets of state equations :

Xo AX =BU and Wo + CW =DU +

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GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC CONTROL SYSTEM

The eigenvalues of the representations are also computed as [ ] land [ ].mWhich

one of the following statements is true ?
(A) [ ] = [ l] and X = Wm (B) [ ] =[ l] and X ! Wm
(C) [ ] ! [ l] and X = Wm (D) [ ] =[ l] and X ! Wm

Q. 53 Despite the presence of negative feedback, control systems still have problems of
instability because the
(A) Components used have non- linearities
(B) Dynamic equations of the subsystem are not known exactly.
(C) Mathematical analysis involves approximations.

n
(D) System has large negative phase angle at high frequencies.

g.i
2005 TWO MARKS

Q. 54 The polar diagram of a conditionally stable system for open loop gain K = 1 is

n
shown in the figure. The open loop transfer function of the system is known to be

eri
stable. The closed loop system is stable for
e
gin
En
arn

(A) K 5 and 1 K < 1

< < (B) K < 1 and 1 K <5 <
2 8 8 2
(C) K < 1 and 5 < K (D) K > 1 and 5 >
K
8 8
.Le

Q. 55 In the derivation of expression for peak percent overshoot

-p x
Mp = exp e o # 100%
1 -2 x
Which one of the following conditions is NOT required ?
w

(A) System is linear and time invariant

(B) The system transfer function has a pair of complex conjugate poles and no
ww

zeroes.
(C) There is no transportation delay in the system.
(D) The system has zero initial conditions.

Q. 56 A ramp input applied to an unity feedback system results in 5% steady state

error. The type number and zero frequency gain of the system are respectively
(A) 1 and 20 (B) 0 and 20
(C) 0 and 1 (D) 1 and 1
20 20
2
Q. 57 A double integrator plant G (s) K/s , H (s) = 1 is to be compensated to=achieve
the damping ratio z = 0.5 and an undamped natural frequency, n w = 5 rad/sec

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GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC CONTROL SYSTEM

which one of the following compensator Ge (s) will be suitable ?

(A) s 3+ (B) s 99 +
s 99+ s 3+
(C) s 6- (D) s 6-
s 8+.33 s
K (1 s-)
Q. 58 An unity feedback system is given as G (s) = . Indicate the correct root
s (s 3+)
locus diagram.

n
n g.i
e
Statement for Linked Answer Question 59 and 60
eri
gin
The open loop transfer function of a unity feedback system is given by
2-
s
G (s) =3e
s (s 2+)
En

Q. 59 The gain and phase crossover frequencies in rad/sec are, respectively

(A) 0.632 and 1.26
(B) 0.632 and 0.485
arn

(C) 0.485 and 0.632

(D) 1.26 and 0.632

Q. 60 Based on the above results, the gain and phase margins of the system will be
- dB and 87.5c
.Le

(A) 7.09
(B) 7.09 dB and 87.5c
- .5c
(C) 7.09 dB and 87
(D) 7-.09 and 87- .5c
w
ww

2004 ONE MARK

Q. 61 The gain margin for the system with open-loop transfer function
2 (1 s+)
G (s) H (s) = 2 , is
s
(A) 3 (B) 0
(C) 1 (D) 3 -

Q. 62 Given G (s) H (s) = K

s (s + 1)(s + 3)
.The point of intersection of the asymptotes of the
root loci with the real axis is
(A) 4- (B) 1.33
(C) 1-.33 (D) 4

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GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC CONTROL SYSTEM

2004 TWO MARKS

Q. 63 Consider the Bode magnitude plot shown in the fig. The transfer function H (s) is

(s 10 +) 10 (s 1+)

n
(A) (B)
(s 1)( s +100) + (s 10)( s +100) +

g.i
2 3
10 (s 1+) + )
10 (s 100
(C) (D)
(s 10)( s +100) + (s 1)( s +10) +
Q. 64 A causal system having the transfer function H (s) 1/ (s =2) is excited + with

n
10u (t). The time at which the output reaches 99% of its steady state value is

eri
(A) 2.7 sec (B) 2.5 sec
(C) 2.3 sec (D) 2.1 sec

Q. 65 A system has poles at 0.1 Hz, 1 Hz and 80 Hz; zeros at 5 Hz, 100 Hz and 200 Hz.
e
The approximate phase of the system response at 20 Hz is
gin
-
(A) 90c (B) 0c
(C) 90c -
(D) 180c

Q. 66 Consider the signal flow graph shown in Fig. The gain x5 is

En

x1
arn

1 (be -cf dg) + + bedg

(A) (B)
abcd 1 (be -cf dg) + +
abcd 1 (be -cf dg) +
bedg + +
(C) (D)
.Le

1 (be -cf dg) + bedg + + abcd

2- 2
Q. 67 If A == 1 3-G, then sin At is

sin ( 4t) -2 sin ( t) + 2 sin ( -4t) - 2 sin ( t-) + -

(A) 1 =
) G+
w

3 sin ( -4t) sin ( -t) 2 sin ( +4t) -sin ( t- -

sin ( 2-t) sin (2t)
(B) =
sin (t) sin ( 3-t)G
ww

sin (4t) 2+sin (t) 2 sin ( 4t) -2 sin ( t) - -

(C) 1 =
3 sin ( -4t) sin (t)- 2 sin (4t)+ sin + (t) G
cos ( t) -2 cos (t) + 2 cos ( 4t) -2 cos ( t) + -
(D) 1 =
3 cos ( -4t) cos ( -t) +4t) cos (t) -G -
2 cos ( - +
Q. 68 The open-loop transfer function of a unity feedback system is
G (s) = 2 K
s (s s +2)( s +3) +
The range of K for which the system is stable is
(A) 21 K > 0 > (B) 13 K > 0 >
4

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GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC CONTROL SYSTEM

(C) 21 K < 3 < (D) 6- K < 3 <

4
Q. 69 For the polynomial P (s) s2 =s 4 2s3 + 2s2 3s+ 15 the number
+ + which+
of roots
-
lie in the right half of the s plane is
(A) 4 (B) 2
(C) 3 (D) 1

Q. 70 The state variable equations of a system are : xo1 =3x1- x2 u-, xo2 2=
x1 and =
y x1 =u . The system
+ is
(A) controllable but not observable

n
(B) observable but not controllable
(C) neither controllable nor observable

g.i
(D) controllable and observable
1 0
==0 1G, the state transition matrix eAt is given by

n
Q. 71 Given A

(C) >
e
0 e t-
(A) > t- H
0
e t- 0
0 e t-
H
e eri et 0
(B) = t G
0 e
0 et
(D) = t G
e 0
gin
2003 ONE MARK

Q. 72 Fig. shows the Nyquist plot of the open-loop transfer function G (s) H (s) of a
En

system. If G (s) H (s) has one right-hand pole, the closed-loop system is
arn

(A) always stable

.Le

(B) unstable with one closed-loop right hand pole

(C) unstable with two closed-loop right hand poles
(D) unstable with three closed-loop right hand poles
w

Q. 73 A PD controller is used to compensate a system. Compared to the uncompensated

system, the compensated system has
ww

(A) a higher type number (B) reduced damping

(C) higher noise amplification (D) larger transient overshoot

2003 TWO MARKS

Q. 74 The signal flow graph of a system is shown in Fig. below. The transfer function
C (s)/ R (s) of the system is

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GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC CONTROL SYSTEM

(A) 6 (B) 6s
s2 29s +6 + s2 29s +6 +
s (s 2+) s (s +)
27
(C) 2
(D) 2
s 29s +6 + s 29s +6 +
Q. 75 The root locus of system G (s) H (s) = K has the break-away point
s (s 2)( s +3) +
located at
(A) ( 0-.5, 0) (B) ( 2-.548, 0)
(C) ( 4-, 0) (D) ( 0-.784, 0)

Q. 76 The approximate Bode magnitude plot of a minimum phase system is shown in

n
Fig. below. The transfer function of the system is

n g.i
(A) 108
(s 0+.1) 3
e eri
(B) 10 7 (s 0+.1) 3
gin
(s 10) 2 (s +100) + (s 10)( s +100) +
2
(s 0+.1) (s 0+.1) 3
(C) (D)
(s 10) 2 (s +100) + (s 10)( s +100) 2 +
Q. 77 A second-order system has the transfer function
En

C (s)
=2 4
R (s) s 4s +4 +
With r (t) as the unit-step function, the response c (t) of the system is
arn

represented by
w .Le
ww

Q. 78 The gain margin and the phase margin of feedback system with
G (s) H (s) = 8 are
+ )3
(s 100

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GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC CONTROL SYSTEM

(A) dB, 0c (B) 3, 3

(C) 3, 0c (D) 88.5 dB, 3

Q. 79 The zero-input response of a system given by the state-space equation

xo1 1 0 x1 x1 (0) 1
=xo G ==1 1G=x G and =x (0)G ==0 G is
2 2 2

tet et
(A) = G (B) = G
t t
et t
(C) = t G (D) = t G
te te

n
g.i
2002 ONE MARK

Q. 80 Consider a system with transfer function G (s) = 2s 6+ . Its damping ratio

will be 0.5 when the value of k is ks s +6 +

n
(A) 2 (B) 3

eri
6
(C) 1 (D) 6
6
Which of the following points is NOT on the root locus of a system with the open-
Q. 81
e
loop transfer function G (s) H (s) = k
gin
s (s 1)( s +3) +
(A) s =j - 3 (B) s =1.5-
(C) s =3 - (D) s =3 -

Q. 82 The phase margin of a system with the open - loop transfer function
En

(1 s-)
G (s) H (s) =
(1 s)( 2 +s) +
(A) 0c (B) 63.4c
arn

(C) 90c (D) 3

Q. 83 The transfer function Y (s)/ U (s) of system described by the state equation
xo (t) =2x (-t) 2u (t)+and y (t) =
0.5x (t) is
.Le

(A) 0. 5 (B) 1
(s 2-) (s 2-)
(C) 0.5 (D) 1
(s 2+) (s 2+)
w

2002 TWO MARKS

ww

Q. 84 The system shown in the figure remains stable when

(A) k <1 - (B) 1- k < 3 <
(C) 1 k < 3 < (D) k > 3

Q. 85 The transfer function of a system is G (s) = 100

(s + 1)(s + 100)
. For a unit - step input to
the system the approximate settling time for 2% criterion is

(A)100 sec (B) 4 sec

(C) 1 sec (D) 0.01 sec

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GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC CONTROL SYSTEM

Q. 86 The characteristic polynomial of a system is

q (s) 2s5 =s 4 4s3 2+s2 2s 1+ + + +
The system is
(A) stable
(B) marginally stable
(C) unstable
(D) oscillatory

Q. 87 The system with the open loop transfer function G (s) H (s) = 2 1 has a
s (s s +1) +

n
gain margin of
(A) 6-db (B) 0 db

g.i
(C) 35 db (D) 6 db

n
2001 ONE MARK

eri
Q. 88 The Nyquist plot for the open-loop transfer function G (s) of a unity negative
feedback system is shown in the figure, if G (s) has no pole in the right-half of s -
plane, the number of roots of the system characteristic equation in the right-half
-
of s plane is
e
(A) 0 (B) 1
gin
(C) 2 (D) 3

Q. 89 The equivalent of the block diagram in the figure is given is

En
arn
w .Le
ww

Q. 90 The root-locus diagram for a closed-loop feedback system is shown in the figure.
The system is overdamped.

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GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC CONTROL SYSTEM

(A) only if 0 # k # 1 (B) only if 1 k < 5 <

(C) only if k > 5 (D) if 0 # k <1 or k >
5

Q. 91 If the characteristic equation of a closed - loop system is s2 2s +2 + the

0 , then =
system is
(A) overdamped (B) critically damped
(C) underdamped (D) undamped

2001 TWO MARK

n
Q. 92 An electrical system and its signal-flow graph representations are shown the
figure (A) and (B) respectively. The values of G2 and H , respectively are

n g.i
e eri
gin

Z3 (s) Z-3 (s) Z-3 (s) Z-3 (s)

(A) , (B) ,
Z1 (s)Z3 (s) +Z4 (s) Z1 (s) Z+3 (s) Z2 (s) Z3 (+
s) -Z4 (s) Z1 (s) Z+3 (s)
En

Z3 (s) Z3 (s) Z-3 (s) Z3 (s)

(C) , (D) ,
Z2 (s) Z3 (s) +Z4 (s) Z1 (s) Z+3 (s) Z2 (s) Z3 (+s) -Z4 (s) Z1 (s) Z+3 (s)
Q. 93 The open-loop DC gain of a unity negative feedback system with closed-loop
transfer function 2 s 4+
arn

is
4 s 7s +13 +
(A) (B) 4
13 9
(C) 4 (D) 13
.Le

Q. 94 The feedback control system in the figure is stable

w
ww

(A) for all K $ 0 (B) only if K $ 0

(C) only if 0 # K <
1 (D) only if 0 # K # 1

2000 ONE MARK

Q. 95 An amplifier with resistive negative feedback has tow left half plane poles in its
open-loop transfer function. The amplifier
(A) will always be unstable at high frequency
(B) will be stable for all frequency
(C) may be unstable, depending on the feedback factor
(D) will oscillate at low frequency.

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GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC CONTROL SYSTEM

2000 TWO MARKS

Q. 96 A system described by the transfer function H (s) =3 1 is stable.

2
The constraints on aand k are. s sa +ks 3 + +
(A) 0, ak > 3 a < (B) 0, ak > 3 a >
(C) 0, ak < 3 a > (D) 0, ak > 3 a <

1999 ONE MARK

Q. 97 For a second order system with the closed-loop transfer function

n
T (s) =2 9
s 4s +9 +

g.i
the settling time for 2-percent band, in seconds, is
(A) 1.5 (B) 2.0
(C) 3.0 (D) 4.0

n
Q. 98 The gain margin (in dB) of a system a having the loop transfer function

(A) 0
(C) 6
G (s) H (s) = 2
s (s 1+)eis
eri
(B) 3
(D) 3
gin
Q. 99 The system modeled described by the state equations is
0 1 0
X >=2 3-H x >+1H u
En

Y 8=
1 1B x
(A) controllable and observable (B) controllable, but not observable
(C) observable, but not controllable (D) neither controllable nor observable
arn

Q. 100 The phase margin (in degrees) of a system having the loop transfer function
G (s) H (s) =2 3 is
s (s 1+)
.Le

(A) 45c -
(B) 30c
(C) 60c (D) 30c
w

1999 TWO MARKS

Q. 101 An amplifier is assumed to have a single-pole high-frequency transfer function.

ww

The rise time of its output response to a step function input is 35 n sec . The upper
3 dB frequency (in MHz) for the amplifier to as sinusoidal input is approximately
at
(A) 4.55 (B) 10
(C) 20 (D) 28.6

Q. 102 If the closed - loop transfer function T (s) of a unity negative feedback system is
given by
T (s) =n an 1-s a+n
s a1 sn 1- + an 1-s an + + +
then the steady state error for a unit ramp input is

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GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC CONTROL SYSTEM

(A) an (B) an
an 1- an 2-
(C) an 2- (D) zero
an
Q. 103 Consider the points s1 =3 -j4 and + s2 =3 -j2 in -the s-plane. Then, for a
system with the open-loop transfer function
G (s) H (s) = K 4
(s 1+)
(A) s1 is on the root locus, but not s2
(B) s2 is on the root locus, but not s1

n
(C) both s1 and s2 are on the root locus

g.i
(D) neither s1 nor s2 is on the root locus

Q. 104 For the system described by the state equation

R 0 1 0V R0V

n
S W S W
xo S 0 0 1W x =S0W u +

eri
S0.5 1 2W S1W
T X T X
If the control signal u is given by u [ =0.5 -3 5] x -v , then-the eigen
+ values
of the closed-loop system will be
e
(A) 0, 1, -2 - (B) 0, 1, -3 -
gin
(C) 1, -1, 2 - - (D) 0, 1, -1 -

1998 ONE MARK

En

Q. 105 The number of roots of s3 5s2 +7s 3 0+in the left+half of the
= s -plane is
(A) zero (B) one
(C) two (D) three
arn

Q. 106 The transfer function of a tachometer is of the form

(A) Ks (B) K
s
(C) K K
.Le

(D)
(s 1+) s (s 1+)

Q. 107 Consider a unity feedback control system with open-loop transfer function
G (s) = K .
w

s (s 1+)
The steady state error of the system due to unit step input is
ww

(A) zero (B) K

(C) 1/K (D) infinite

Q. 108 The transfer function of a zero-order-hold system is

- -
(A) (1/s) (1 e+ sT ) (B) (1/s) (1 e- sT )
-
sT -
sT
(C) 1 (-1/s) e (D) 1 (+1/s) e

Q. 109 In the Bode-plot of a unity feedback control system, the value of phase of G (j )w
- . The phase margin of the system is
at the gain cross over frequency is 125c
-
(A) 125c (B) 55c-
(C) 55c (D) 125c

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GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC CONTROL SYSTEM

Q. 110 Consider a feedback control system with loop transfer function

K (1 0+.5s)
G (s) H (s) =
s (1 s) (1 +2s) +
The type of the closed loop system is
(A) zero (B) one
(C) two (D) three

Q. 111 The transfer function of a phase lead controller is 1 3+Ts . The maximum value
+
1 Ts
of phase provided by this controller is
(A) 90c (B) 60c

n
(C) 45c (D) 30c

g.i
Q. 112 The Nyquist plot of a phase transfer function g (j ) H (j w) of a systemwencloses the
(–1, 0) point. The gain margin of the system is
(A) less than zero (B) zero

n
(C) greater than zero (D) infinity

eri
2
Q. 113 The transfer function of a system is 2s 26s +5 . The + characteristic equation
(s 1) (s +2) +
of the system is
(A) 2s2 6s +5 0 + =
e (B) (s 1) 2 (s +2) 0 + =
2 2 2 2
(C) 2s 6s +5 (s + 1) (s 2)+ 0 + 2s 6s ++5 (s + 1=
) (s 2)- 0 + +
gin
(D)

Q. 114 In a synchro error detector, the output voltage is proportional to [ (t)] n, where w(t)
is the rotor velocity and n equals
(A) –2 (B) –1
En

(C) 1 (D) 2
arn

1997 ONE MARK

Q. 115 In the signal flow graph of the figure is y/x equals

.Le

(A) 3 (B) 5
2
w

(C) 2 (D) None of the above

ww

Q. 116 A certain linear time invariant system has the state and the output equations
given below
Xo1 1 1- X1 0
> o H >=0 1 H>X H >+1H u
X2 2

dy
y 1 1B: X1 D, If X1 (0)
8= 1, X2 (0) = 1, u (0) 0, then = is -
X2 dt t 0=
(A) 1 (B) –1
(C) 0 (D) None of the above

***********

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GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC CONTROL SYSTEM

SOLUTIONS

Sol. 1 Option (B) is correct.

From the given plot, we obtain the slope as
- log G1
20 log G2 20
Slope =
- w1
log w2 log

n
From the figure
=8 dB-

g.i
20 log G2
20 log G1 =
32 dB
and 1w =
1 rad/s
2w =
10 rad/s

n
So, the slope is

eri
Slope = 8 -32 -
- 1
log 10 log
=40 - dB/decade
Therefore, the transfer function can be given as
e
G ^s h = k
gin
S2
at w = 1
G ^ j hw k =k =
w2
In decibel,
En

20 log G ^ j hw 20 log k = 32 =
32

or, k 10 = 39.8 =
20

Hence, the Transfer function is

arn

G ^s h k = 39.8 =
s2 s2
Sol. 2 Option (A) is correct.
For the given SFG, we have two forward paths
.Le

Pk1 ^1 h^s 1h^s -1h^1 h = s- 2 -

=
Pk2 ^1 h^s 1h^1 h^1 h = s -1 -
=
since, all the loops are touching to the paths Pk1 and Pk2 so,
w

kD
1 kD
2 =1 =
Now, we have
ww

D 1 = (sum of-individual loops)

+
(sum of product of nontouching loops)
Here, the loops are
L1 ^ =4h^1 h- 4 = -
L2 ^ =4h^s - 1
h 4s -1
= -

L 3 ^ =2h^s 1- h^s -1h 2s- 2 = - -

L 4 ^ =2h^s 1- h^1 h 2s -1 = - -

As all the loop L1, L2, L 3 and L 4 are touching to each other so,
D 1 =^L1 L- 2 L 3 L 4+ h + +
1 =^ 4 4-s 1
2s- 2s -h
-2 1 -
- -
-

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GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC CONTROL SYSTEM

5 =6s1 2s+2 +
From Mason’s gain formulae
Y ^s h s+-1 -
= Pk Sk = D
s 2 = 2 s 1+-
U ^s h D 5 6s 1
+2s -2 5s +6s +2 +
Sol. 3 Option (A) is correct.
For the shown state diagram we can denote the states x1 , x2 as below

n
g.i
So, from the state diagram, we obtain
xo1 =x1 -u -
xo2 =x2 -^1 h^ + 1h^1 h^ 1-h u ^ 1h^-1 h^ 1h x+

n
1 - -
xo2 =x2 -x1 u+ +
and
x1 =x2 u -
e +eri
y ^ =1h^1 h x-2 ^ 1h^1 h^+1h x1 -^1 h^ 1h^1-

Hence, in matrix form we can write the state variable equations

h^ 1h^1 h u+ - -
gin
xo1 1- 0 x1 1-
> o H >=1 H >x H >+1 H u
1-
x2 2

x1
and y 81 =1B > H u- +
x2
En

which can be written in more general form as

1- 0 1-
Xo >= H X >+1 H
1 1-
arn

y 81 =1B X u - +
Sol. 4 Option (A) is correct.
From the obtained state-variable equations
.Le

We have
1- 0
A >= H
1 1-
S 1+ 0
w

So, SI -
A >= 1 S -1H +
ww

S 1+ 0
and ^SI -h
A = 1 2>
1-
H
^S 1+h 1 S 1+
R 1 V
S 0 W
S= S 1+ W
S 1 2 1 W
S^S 1+h S 1+W
T X
Hence, the state transition matrix is obtained as
eAt L 1-^SI =Ah 1- -
ZR 1 V_
]S 0 Wb 1-
S 1+
L 1-[S 1
= W` >=e 0
H
S 1 W te e -t
t -
]S^S 1+h2 S 1+Wb
\T Xa

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GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC CONTROL SYSTEM

Sol. 5 Option (C) is correct.

Given, open loop transfer function
G ^s h =10Ka =Ka 1
1 10 +s s + 10
By taking inverse Laplace transform, we have
g^t h =e -t
1
10

Comparing with standard form of transfer function, Ae t-/ ,t we get the open
loop time constant,
ol t =
10
Now, we obtain the closed loop transfer function for the given system as
G ^s h

n
H ^s h = = 10Ka = Ka 1
1 G +^s h 1 10s +10Ka s +^Ka + 10 h +

g.i
Taking inverse Laplace transform, we get
h^t h = ka .e ^k - ht +
1
a 10

So, the time constant of closed loop system is obtained as

n
1
cl t =
ka + 1

eri
10
1
or, cl t = (approximately)
ka
Now, given that ka reduces open loop time constant by a factor of 100. i.e.,
e
ol t
cl t =
100
gin
or, 1 =10
ka 100
Hence, ka = 10
Sol. 6 Option (C) is correct.
En

(s2 9) (s +2) +
G (s) =
(s 1) (s +3) (s 4) + +
2
( -9) (j w 2+) +w
arn

=
(j 1) (j w +3) (j 4) w+ w+
The steady state output will be zero if
G (j )w =
0
.Le

2
w-9 = +
0 & w =
3 rad/s
Sol. 7 Option (A) is correct.
K (s 1+)
Y (s) =3 - (s)]
[R (s) Y
as2 +2s 1
s + +
w

K (s 1+) K (s 1+)
Y (s) ;1 +3
s as2 +2s 1E +
=3 R (s)
s as2 +2+ s 1 + +
ww

3 2
Y (s) [s as +s (2 k) +(1 k)] K+(s =1) R (+ s) + +
Y (s) K (s 1+)
Transfer Function, H (s) = =
R (s) s3 as2 +s (2 k) +(1 k) + +
Routh Table :

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GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC CONTROL SYSTEM

a (2 K) +(1 K) - +
For oscillation, =
0
a
a =K 1+
K 2+
Auxiliary equation A (s) as2 =(k 1) 0+ + =
s2 =k -1+ = k -1 (k +
2+) =(k - 2) +
a (k 1+)
s j k =2 +
j w j k =2 +
w k =2 2 + =(Oscillation frequency)

n
k =
2

g.i
and a 2
= 1+ 3 = 0.75 =
2 2+ 4
Sol. 8 Option (D) is correct.

n
General form of state equations are given as

eri
xo Ax =Bu +
yo Cx =Du +
For the given problem
R 0 a 0V
e R0V
S 1 W S W
gin
A S=0 0 a2W, B S=0W
Sa 0 0W S 1W
3
RT 0 a 0VXR0V R 0VT X
S 1 WS W S W
AB S 0 0 a2WS0W =Sa2W =
En

Sa 0 0WS 1W S 0W
3
RT 0 0XT aX1 a2VWTRS0XVW RSa1 a2VW
S
A2 B Sa2 a 3 0 0WS0W =S 0W =
S 0 a a 0WS 1W S 0W
arn

3 1
T XT X T X
For controllability it is necessary that following matrix has a tank of n =. 3
R0 0 a a V
S 1 2W

6=B : AB : A B@ S=0 a2
2
U 0W
.Le

S1 0 0W
So, a2 ! 0 T X
a1 a 2 ! 0 & a1 ! 0 a 3 may be zero or not.
Option (B) is correct.
w

Sol. 9

For given plot root locus exists from 3-to 3, So there must be odd number of
poles and zeros. There is a double pole at s =3 -
ww

Now poles 0, = 2, 3, -3 - -
zeros =1 -
k (s 1+)
Thus transfer function G (s) H (s) =
s (s 2) (s +3) 2 +
Sol. 10 Option (A) is correct.
We have G (j )w 5 =j w +
Here s =. 5 Thus G (j )wis a straight line parallel to j waxis.
Sol. 11 Option (B) is correct.
dy
Here x =
y1 and xo =1
dx

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GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC CONTROL SYSTEM

y1 x 1
y >y H =>2x H >=2H x=
2

Now y1 =1 u
s 2+
y1 (s 2+) =
u
yo1 2+y1 =
u
xo 2+x =
u
xo =2x - u +
xo [ =2] x -[1] u +

n
Drawing SFG as shown below

n g.i
eri
Thus xo1 [ =2] x1 -[1] u +
y1 e =;
x1 y 2 =
2x1
y1 1
y >y H =>2H x1 =
gin
2

Here x1 =
x
Sol. 12 Option (C) is correct.
= 100 2
En

We have G (s) H (s)

+)
s (s 10
Now G (j ) H (j w) = 100 w
j (j w 10+ ) 2w
arn

If p wis phase cross over frequency +G (j ) H (j w) 180c w =

w
Thus -
180c 100 tan 1 0 =tan -1 3 2 tan 1 a p k - - -
-
10
1-
or -
180c =90 - 2 tan - (0.1 p)w
.Le

1-
or 45c = tan (0.1 p)w
or tan 45c 0.1 p w 1 =
or pw =
10 rad/se
w

Now G (j ) H (j w) = 2100 w
( w 100
+ w)
ww

At =wp w
G (j ) H (j w) = 100w =1
10 (100 100+ ) 20
Gain Margin =20 log
- 10 G (j ) H (j w) w
- 10 b 1 l
=20 log
20
=
26 dB
Sol. 13 Option (D) is correct.
From option (D) TF =
H (s)
= 2100 ! 100
s (s 100) s (s +10) 2 +

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GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC CONTROL SYSTEM

Sol. 14 Option (B) is correct.

From the given block diagram

Y (s) =E (s) $ 1 -

n
H (s)
s 1+

g.i
E (s) R (s) =H (s) -
E (s)
R (s) =Y (s) - +
(s 1+)

n
E (s) :1 -1
s 1+D
R (s) =Y (s) -

eri
sE (s)
R (s) =Y (s) - ...(1)
(s 1+)
E (s)
Y (s) = ...(2)
e
s 1+
gin
From (1) and (2) sY (s) R (s) =Y (s) -
(s 1+) Y (s) =
R (s)
Transfer function
Y (s)
=1
En

R (s) s 1+
Sol. 15 Option (B) is correct.
Transfer function is given as
arn

Y (s)
H (s) = s =
X (s) s p+
j w
H (j )w =
j w p+
.Le

Amplitude Response
H (j )w = w
2
w p+2
w

Phase Response h ( q) 90cw =tan 1-a kw -

p
p cos a2t = kp
ww

Input x (t) -
2
cos a2t p q
3k
Output y (t) H (j ) x (t = w
h) - =

H (j )w p = w=
2
w p+2
1 = 2 2, ( w=
2 rad/ sec)
p 4 p+
or 4p 2 4 =p 2 & 3+
p2 4 =
or p =
2/ 3
Alternative :
q 9= p p p
h
3 a- 2 kC -6 - =

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GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC CONTROL SYSTEM

p =tan 1-a p- w
pk
So,
6 2
tan 1-a kw = p - p = p
p 2 6 3
w tan p
p a3k = 3 =
2 3, ( w = 2 rad/ sec) =
p
or p =
2/ 3

n
Sol. 16 Option (A) is correct.
Initial slope is zero, so K = 1

g.i
At corner frequency 1w = 0.5 rad/ sec , slope increases by 20 + dB/decade, so
there is a zero in the transfer function at 1w
At corner frequency 2w = 10 rad/ sec , slope decreases by 20 - dB/decade and

n
becomes zero, so there is a pole in transfer function at 2w

eri
K a1 +s k
1w
Transfer function H (s) =
s
a1 + 2wk
e
1 a1 +s k (1 10 + s)
gin
0.1
= =
s (1 +
0 .1s)
a1 + 0.1 k
Sol. 17 Option (D) is correct.
Assign output of each integrator by a state variable
En
arn

xo1 =x1 -x2 +

.Le

xo2 =x1 -2u +

y 0.5x1 =0.5x2 +
State variable representation
1- 1 0
xo >= H x >+H u
w

1- 0 2
yo = [0.5 0.5] x
ww

Sol. 18 Option (C) is correct.

By masson’s gain formula

Transfer function
Y (s) / PK KD
H (s) = =
U (s) D

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Forward path given

P1 (abcdef ) 2 # 1 # 1 # 0.5 = 12 =
s s s
P2 (abcdef ) = 1
2 # # 1 # 0. 5
3
Loop gain L1 (cdc) =1 -
s
L2 (bcdb) 1 # 1 # =1 1- - =
s s s2
1 =: +1 1 1-1 1-
s 2D
D 1 =[L1 L-
2] - = + +
s s s2

n
D =
1, D = 2

g.i
1 2

Y (s) P1 +2 D2
P D
So, H (s) = = 1
U (s) D
1 :1 1+: 1

n
s 2 s (1 s+)
= =2
1 1 + 12 (s s +1) +

eri
+
s s
Sol. 19 Option (D) is correct.
Steady state error is given as
e
sR (s)
eSS =
lim
gin
s"0 1 + (s) GC (s)
G
R (s) 1
= (unit step unit)
s
eSS =
lim 1
En

+ (s) GC (s)
G
s"0 1
=
lim 1
s"0 GC (s)
1 +2
s 2s +2 +
arn

eSS will be minimum if lim GC (s) is maximum

s"0
In option (D)
lim GC (s) lim 1 = 2 3s 3 + + =
.Le

s"0 s"0 s
So, eSS lim 1 = 0 (minimum) =
s"0 3

Sol. 20 Option (C) is correct.

w

This compensator is roughly equivalent to combining lead and lad compensators

in the same design and it is referred also as PID compensator.
ww

Sol. 21 Option (C) is correct.

10 p
Here A ==01 G and B == G
q
10 p p
AB =0 1G=q G =q G
= =
p q
S 8B AB B ==q p G =

S pq =pq 0 - =
Since S is singular, system is completely uncontrollable for all values of p and q .

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GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC CONTROL SYSTEM

Sol. 22 Option (B) is correct.

The characteristic equation is
1 G + (s) H (s) = 0
2
K (s 2s -2) +
or 1 + 2 =
0
s 2s +2 +
or s2 2s +2 K (s2+ 2s 2)+ = 0 - +
2
or K =s2 -2s +2 +
s 2s -2 +
For break away & break in point differentiating above w.r.t. s we have

n
dK (s2 2s -2)( 2s 2+) (s2 2s +2)( 2s 2- ) + + -
= - =
0
ds (s2 2s -2) 2 +

g.i
Thus (s2 2s -2)( 2s 2+) (s2 2s +2)( 2s 2- ) =0 + + -
or s ! = 2

n
Let d qbe the angle of departure at pole P , then

e eri
gin

d - pq1 z1- zq
= +
180c
2 q + q
-
d q 180c =( p1 zq1 -2) q - q + +
En

180c =(90c 180 45 - c) =45c- + -

Sol. 23 Option (B) is correct.
For under-damped second order response
arn

=2
T (s) k n2 w where x<
1
s 2 xn s + w n2 w +
Thus (A) or (B) may be correct
.Le

For option (A) nw = 1.12 and 2 xn w2.59 " = 1.12

x =
For option (B) nw = 1.91 and 2 xn w1.51 " = 0.69
x =
Sol. 24 Option (B) is correct.
The plot has one encirclement of origin in clockwise direction. Thus G (s) has a
w

zero is in RHP.
Option (C) is correct.
ww

Sol. 25

The Nyzuist plot intersect the real axis ate - 0.5. Thus
G. M. =20 log - x =20 log
- 0. 5 =
6.020 dB
And its phase margin is 90c.
Sol. 26 Option (C) is correct.
Transfer function for the given pole zero plot is:
(s Z1)( s +Z2) +
(s P1)( s +P2) +
From the plot Re (P1 and P2 )>(Z1 and Z2 )
So, these are two lead compensator.
Hence both high pass filters and the system is high pass filter.

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GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC CONTROL SYSTEM

Sol. 27 Option (C) is correct.

Percent overshoot depends only on damping ratio, . x
2
Mp = e x 1 p- x -

If Mp is same then isx also same and we get

x =cos q
Thus q =constant
The option (C) only have same angle.
Sol. 28 Option (C) is correct.
We labeled the given SFG as below :

n
n g.i
From this SFG we have
xo1 = x1 - gx3 +1
ox2 x1 = gx3
e eri
+ a
b+ m
gin
xo3 = x1- bx3 -u2 a+
R V R VR V R V
Sx1 W S - g0 bWSx1 W S0 1 W
u1
Thus Sx2 W = S g0 aWSx2 W S+ 0 0 We o
SSx WW SS u
SSx WW SS1 0 WW- 2
3 b0 - WWa 3
En

T X T XT X T X
Sol. 29 Option (D) is correct.
P =2 25 2 xn w0, = 0 "x Undamped = Graph 3
s 25+
arn

Q =2 62 2 xn w=
20, >
1 "x Overdamped Graph 4
s 20s +62 +

R =2 62 2 xn w12, = 1 "x Critically= Graph 1

12s +62 +
.Le

S =2 72 2 xn w=
7, <
1 "x underdamped Graph 2
s 7s +72 +
w

Sol. 30 Option (C) is correct.

The characteristic equation of closed lop transfer function is
ww

1 + (s) H (s) =
G 0
1 +2 s +
8 =
0
s sa+4 -
or s2 sa+4 s 8 - = 0 + +
2
or s ( a +1) s 4 += 0 +
This will be stable if ( 1) 0 " a > +1. Thus system
> is stable
a for all-
positive value of .a
Sol. 31 Option (C) is correct.
The characteristic equation is
1 + (s)
G =
0

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GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC CONTROL SYSTEM

or s5 2s 4 +3s3 6s2 +5s 3 = 0+ + +

Substituting s = 1
z we have
5 4 3
3z 5z +6z 3z2 +2z 1 = 0+ + +
The routh table is shown below. As there are two sign change in first column,
there are two RHS poles.

z5 3 6 2
4 5 3 1
z
z3 21 7

n
5 5

z2 4
3 3

g.i
z1 4-
7

z0 1

n
Sol. 32 Option (A) is correct.

eri
For underdamped second order system the transfer function is
2
=2
T (s) K nw
2
s 2 xn s + w n w +
e
It peaks at resonant frequency. Therefore
gin
2
Resonant frequency rw n 1 =2 w - x
and peak at this frequency
5
rm =
2 1 -2x x
En

We have rw =
5 2 , and =10 . Only options (A) satisfy these values.
rm
3
1
n w 10, =
x =
arn

2
where r w 10 1 =2` 1 j 5 2 - =
4
5 =10
and r m =1 Hence satisfied
.Le

22 1 - 1
4 3
Sol. 33 Option (B) is correct.
The given circuit is a inverting amplifier and transfer function is
Vo Z (sC1 R1 -1) +
= RZ-
w

=
Vi sC R + 1
1
R 1
1 1
ww

(sC R 1+)
For Q , Z = 2 2
sC2
Vo (sC2 R2 1) (sC1 R1 +1) +
= - # PID Controller
Vi sC2 R1
For R, Z = R 2
(sC2 R2 1+)
Vo (sC1 R1 1+)
= -R2 #
Vi (sC2 R2 1+) R1
Since R2 C2 >
R1 C1, it is lag compensator.

Sol. 34 Option (D) is correct.

In a minimum phase system, all the poles as well as zeros are on the left half of

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GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC CONTROL SYSTEM

-
the s plane. In given system as there is right half zero (s =
5), the system is a
non-minimum phase system.

Sol. 35 Option (B) is correct.

We have Kv = lim sG (s) H (s)
s"0

(Kp K +D s) 100
or 1000 =
lim s =
Kp
s"0 + )
s (s 100
Now characteristics equations is
1 + (s) H (s)
G =
0

n
(Kp K +D s) 100
1000 =
lims " 0 s =
Kp

g.i
+ )
s (s 100
Now characteristics equation is
1 G + (s) H (s) =
0

n
(100 K +D s) 100
or 1 + =
0 Kp =
100

eri
s (s 10+)
or s2 (10 +100KD) s + 10 4 = 0 +
2 2
Comparing with s 2 xn +w n = 0 wwe get
+
e
2 xn w10 =100KD +
gin
or KD =
0.9
Sol. 36 Option (D) is correct.
We have T (s) = 5
(s 5)( s2 +s 1) + +
En

= 5 =2 1
5`1 s j (s2 +s 1) s s++1 + +
5
In given transfer function denominator is (s 5)[( s +0.5) 2 3
4 ]. We+can see +
arn

3
easily that pole at s =0.5-! j 2 is dominant then pole at s =5 . Thus
- we
have approximated it.
Sol. 37 Option (A) is correct.
.Le

G (s) =2 1 = 1
s 1- (s 1)( s +1) -
The lead compensator C (s) should first stabilize the plant i.e. remove 1
(s 1-)
w

term. From only options (A), C (s) can remove this term

1 10 (s 1-)
ww

Thus G (s) C (s) = #

(s 1)( s +1) (s 2)- +
= 10 Only option (A) satisfies.
(s 1)( s +2) +
Sol. 38 Option (D) is correct.
For ufb system the characteristics equation is
+ (s) =
1 G 0
or 1 + 2 K =
0
s (s 7s +12) +
2
or s (s 7s +12) K + = 0 +
Point s =1 -j lie on+ root locus if it satisfy above equation i.e
2
( 1 -j)[( 1+ j) 7 (- 1 j) + 12) K+] = 0 - + + +

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GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC CONTROL SYSTEM

or K =10 +
Sol. 39 Option (D) is correct.
At every corner frequency there is change of -20 db/decade in slope which indicate
pole at every corner frequency. Thus
G (s) = K
s (1 s)`1 + s j +
20
Bode plot is in (1 sT + ) form
20 log K =
60 dB = 1000
w =w 0.1

n
Thus K =
5
100

g.i
Hence G (s) =
s (s 1)( 1 +.05s) +
Sol. 40 Option (A) is correct.
d w
1- w 0

n
1
> di H = = 1 -10G=in G +-=10Gu
dt
We have a

eri
dt

or d w = w-i + ...(1)
n
dt
and dia = w-10ia -10u + ...(2)
e
dt
gin
Taking Laplace transform (i) we get
s (w
s) = (w
s-
) Ia (s) =
or (s 1+) (w s) = Ia (s) ...(3)
Taking Laplace transform (ii) we get
En

sIa (s) = (w
s-
) 10Ia (s-) 10U (s) +
or (w
s) ( =10 s-) Ia (s) -
10U (s) +
arn

( =10 s-)( s 1) -(ws) 10U+ (s) + From (3)

2
or (w
s) =[s - 11s +10] (w s) + 10U (s) +
2
or (s 11s +11) (ws) +
=
10U (s)
(w
s)
= 2 10
.Le

or
U (s) (s 11s +11) +
Sol. 41 Option (A) is correct.
We have xo (t) =
Ax (t)
w

p q
Let A == G
r s
ww

2-
t
1 e
For initial state vector x (0) == 2-G the system response is x (t) >= 2-e 2-tH
2-
t
d
e p q 1
> d ( 2-e 2-t)H ==r s G= 2-G
dt
Thus
dt
t 0=

2-(0)
2-e p q 1
or > 4e 2-(0) H ==r s G= 2-G
2- p 2-q
= 4G ==r 2-s G

We get p 2-q =2 and

- r 2s - 4 = ...(i)

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GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC CONTROL SYSTEM

1 e t-
For initial state vector x (0) == 1-G the system response is x (t) >= e-t-H
t-
d
e p q 1
> d ( e- t-)H ==r s G= 1-G
dt
Thus
dt
t 0=

(-
0)
e- p q 1
>e (-
0) H ==r s G= 1-G
1- p q-
= 1G ==r s-G

n
We get p q- =1 and - r s -1 = ...(2)
Solving (1) and (2) set of equations we get

g.i
p q 0 1
=r s G == 2 -3G -

n
The characteristic equation
Il A
- =
0

or ( l 3) l+2 =0 +
2
l 1-
l 3+
e =
0
eri
gin
or l =1, -2 -
Thus Eigen values are 1-and 2-
Eigen vectors for 1 l =1 -
( 1 Il A
-) X1 =
0
En

1l 1- x11
or =2 +G=x21G
=
0
1l 3
arn

1 -1 x11 -
= 2 2 G=x G = 0
21

or x11 -x21 = 0 -
or x11 x+21 = 0
.Le

We have only one independent equation x11 =x21.-

Let x11 =
K , then x21 =K ,-the Eigen vector will be
x11 K 1
=x G == K G K= G
w

=
21 - 1-
Now Eigen vector for 2l =2 -
ww

( 2 Il A -) X2 = 0
2l 1- x12
or =2 l 3+G=x22 G
=
0
2
2 -1 x11 -
or = 2 1 G=x G = 0
21

or x11 -x21 = 0 -
or x11 x+21 = 0
We have only one independent equation x11 =x21.-
Let x11 =
K, then x21 =K ,-the Eigen vector will be
x12 K 1
=x G == 2-K G = K= G
2-
22

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GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC CONTROL SYSTEM

Sol. 42 Option (D) is correct.

As shown in previous solution the system matrix is
0 1
A ==
2 -3G -
Sol. 43 Option (D) is correct.
Given system is 2nd order and for 2nd order system G.M. is infinite.
Sol. 44 Option (D) is correct.

n
Sol. 45 Option (D) is correct.
If the Nyquist polt of G (j ) H (j w) for a closedwloop system pass through ( 1-, j0)

g.i
point, the gain margin is 1 and in dB
GM =20 log
- 1

n
=
0 dB

eri
Sol. 46 Option (B) is correct.
The characteristics equation is
1 + (s) H (s)
G =
0
e
K (s 1+)
1 +3 =
0
gin
s as2 +2s 1 + +
s3 as2 +(2 K) s +K 1 = 0+ + +
The Routh Table is shown below. For system to be oscillatory stable
En

a (2 K) +(K 1) - +
=
0
a
or a = K 1+ ...(1)
K 2+
arn

Then we have
as2 K +1 =
0 +
At 2 rad/sec we have
.Le

s j " s2 = w2 4, = w - = -
Thus 4a -K 1 + =
0 + ...(2)
Solving (i) and (ii) we get K =2 and a =0.75 .
w

s3 1 2 +
K
ww

s 2
a 1 +
K
K) a +(1 - +
s1 (1
a
K)

s0 1 +
K

Sol. 47 Option (D) is correct.

The transfer function of given compensator is
Gc (s) = 1 3+Ts T >
0
1 Ts+
Comparing with
Gc (s) = + we get a =
1 aTs 3
1 Ts+
The maximum phase sift is

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GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC CONTROL SYSTEM

f
max tan 1-a 1-
= tan 1 3 1- =
= tan -1 1 -

2 a 2 3 3
or f
max =p
6
Sol. 48 Option (A) is correct.
s 0 0 1 s 1-
(sI -)
A =0 s G == 1- 0G sG
==1 -
s 1- s 1
=2 1 =
sG >=s H
2
1- 1+ s2 1+
(sI -)
A 1- s
s 1+ 1 s2 1+ s2 1+

n
cos t sin t
(f
t) eAt = L 1 [(sI A=)] -1
- t cos t G
== sin - -

g.i
Sol. 49 Option (C) is correct.
=as 1+
G (s)
We have
s2

n
+G (j )w tan 1-( a) = w p -

eri
Since PM is p
i.e. 45c, thus
4
p =+G (j pg+ w Frequencyw
) g " Gain cross over
4
e
or p =tan 1-( p + - w p
g a)
gin
4
or p = tan 1-( g aw)
4
or a gw = 1
En

At gain crossover frequency G (j g)w =

1
2 2
1+ a gw
Thus 2
=
1
gw
arn

or 1 1+ =g2 w (as a g w =
1)
1

or gw =
(2) 4

Option (C) is correct.

.Le

Sol. 50

For a = 0.84 we have

0.84s 1+
=
G (s)
s2
w

Due to ufb system H (s) = 1 and due to unit impulse response R (s) =
1, thus
G (s) R (s) = G (s)
C (s) =
ww

0.84s 1+ 1 = 0.84
= +
s2 s2 s
Taking inverse Laplace transform
c (t) (t =0.84) u (t+
)
At t =
1, c (1 sec) 1 =0.84 + 1.84 =
Sol. 51 Option (D) is correct.
The transfer function of a lag network is
T (s) =1 sT + b 1; T > 0 >
1 s+ Tb
2 2
T (j )w = 1 + w
T
2 2 2
1 + wT b

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GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC CONTROL SYSTEM

and +T (j )w tan 1 ( T) =tan -1 ( w T) - -

w b
At w =,
0 T (j )w = 1
At w =,
0 +T (j )w =tan-1-0 0 =
At w=
3, T (j )w = 1
b
At w=
3, +T (j )w =
0
Sol. 52 Option (C) is correct.
We have Xo AX =BU + where is l set of Eigen values

n
and W o CW =DU + where is m set of Eigen values

g.i
If a liner system is equivalently represented by two sets of state equations, then
for both sets, states will be same but their sets of Eigne values will not be same
i.e.

n
X = W but ! l m

eri
Sol. 53 Option (A) is correct.
Despite the presence of negative feedback, control systems still have problems of
instability because components used have nonlinearity. There are always some
e
variation as compared to ideal characteristics.
gin
Sol. 54 Option (B) is correct.
Sol. 55 Option (C) is correct.
The peak percent overshoot is determined for LTI second order closed loop system
with zero initial condition. It’s transfer function is
En

2
nw
=2
T (s)
s 2 xn s + w n2 w +
Transfer function has a pair of complex conjugate poles and zeroes.
arn

Sol. 56 Option (A) is correct.

For ramp input we have R (s) =1
s2
.Le

Now ess =
lim sE (s)
s"0

R (s) 1
=
lim s =
lim
s"0 1 G + (s) s " 0 s + (s)
sG
lim 1 = 5% 1 = =
w

or ess Finite
s " 0 sG (s) 20
But kv =1 lim sG (s) = 20 =
ww

ess s"0

kv is finite for type 1 system having ramp input.

Sol. 57 Option (A) is correct.
Sol. 58 Option (C) is correct.
Any point on real axis of s - is part of root locus if number of OL poles and zeros
to right of that point is even. Thus (B) and (C) are possible option.
The characteristics equation is
1 + (s) H (s)
G =
0
K (1 s-)
or 1 + =
0
s (s 3+)

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or K s2
= 3+s
1 s-
For break away & break in point
dK (1 =s)( 2s ) s2
3- 3s +
0 + + =
ds
or s2 -2s 3 + =0 +
which gives s =,
3 1-
Here 1-must be the break away point and 3 must be the break in point.
Sol. 59 Option (D) is correct.

n
2-
s
G (s) =3e
s (s 2+)

g.i
2-
j w
or G (j )w = 3e
j (j w 2+) w
G (j )w = 32

n
w 4+ w

eri
Let at frequency g wthe gain is 1. Thus
3 =
1
g ( wg2 4+) w
e
4
or g 4 wg2 +9 =
0 w-
gin
2
or gw =
1.606
or gw =
1.26 rad/sec
Now +G (j )w =2 -w -
tan 1-p- w
2 2
En

Let at frequency wfwe have +GH =180c -

p tan wf
- p =2 -wf - 1- -
2 2
arn

w
or + 1- f = p
2 wf tan
2 2
w 3 wf
or 2 wf c + 1 ` fj m = -p
.Le

2 3 2 2
5 w3 wf
or -f = p
2 24 2
5 wf
. p
w

2 2
or wf =
0.63 rad
ww

Sol. 60 Option (D) is correct.

The gain at phase crossover frequency wfis
G (j g)w = 3 = 3
( w2f 4+)
1
2
0.w63
f (0. 63 4+) 2

or G (j g)w = 2.27
G.M. =20 log - G (j g)w
- log 2.26 =7.08
20 - dB
Since G.M. is negative system is unstable.
The phase at gain cross over frequency is
p tan w
+G (j g)w =2 g-w - 1- g -
2 2

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GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC CONTROL SYSTEM

=2 #
-1.26 p tan
- 1-1.26
-
2 2
or =4.65
- rad or 266
- .5c
PM + c =266.5c
180c =+G (j g)w 180 86-
. 5c = -
Sol. 61 Option (D) is correct.
The open loop transfer function is
2 (1 s+)
G (s) H (s) = 2
s
Substituting s = j wwe have
2 (1 j+ )w

n
G (j ) H (j w) = w ...(1)
-2 w

g.i
+G (j ) H (j w) =180-c wtan 1-+ w
The frequency at which phase becomes 180c- , is called phase crossover
frequency.

n
Thus -
180 =180-c tan 1-+ wf

eri
1-
or tan wf =
0
or wf =
0
The gain at wf =0 is
e
2
2 1 +ww =
gin
G (j ) H (j w) = 2
3
w
Thus gain margin is 1 = 0 and in dB
= this is -.
3
3
Sol. 62 Option (C) is correct.
En

Centroid is the point where all asymptotes intersects.

Real of Open Loop Pole - SReal Part of Open Loop Pole S
s
=
No.of Open Loop Pole - SNo.of Open Loop zero S
arn

= 1 -3 =-1.33
-
3
Sol. 63 Option (C) is correct.
The given bode plot is shown below
w .Le
ww

At w=
1 change in slope is +20 dB " 1 zero at w = 1
At w=
10 change in slope is 20 - dB " 1 poles at w = 10
At w=
100 change in slope is 20 - dB " 1 poles at w = 100
K (s 1+)
Thus T (s) =s s
( 10 1)( 100 +1) +
Now 20 log10 K =20 -" K 0.1 =
0.1 (s 1+) 100 (s 1+)
Thus T (s) =s =
( 10 1)( 100 +1) (s 10)( s + 100)
s +
Sol. 64 Option (C) is correct.

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GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC CONTROL SYSTEM

We have r (t) =
10u (t)
or R (s) 10
=
s
Now H (s) =1
s 2+
C (s) H (s) $ R (s) = 1 $ 10 10 =
s 2 s s (s +2) +
or C (s) 5 = 5 -
s s 2+
c (t) 5 [1 =e 2-t] -

n
The steady state value of c (t) is 5. It will reach 99% of steady state value
reaches at t , where

g.i
5 [1 e- 2-t] =
0.99 # 5
or 1 e- 2-t =
0.99

n
2-
t
e =
0.1

eri
or 2-t =
ln 0.1
or t =
2.3 sec
Sol. 65 Option (A) is correct.
e
Approximate (comparable to 90c) phase shift are
gin
Due to pole at 0.01 Hz " 90-c
Due to pole at 80 Hz " 90-c
Due to pole at 80 Hz " 0
Due to zero at 5 Hz " 90c
En

Due to zero at 100 Hz " 0

Due to zero at 200 Hz " 0
Thus approximate total 90c- phase shift is provided.
arn

Sol. 66 Option (C) is correct.

Mason Gain Formula
pS
k 3k
T (s) =
3
.Le

In given SFG there is only one forward path and 3 possible loop.
p1 =abcd
31 = 1
w

3 1 = (sum of-indivudual loops) - (Sum of two non touching loops)

1 =(L1 L- 2 L3) +1 L3)
(L + +
ww

Non touching loop are L1 and L3 where

L1 L2 =bedg
C (s) p1 3 1
Thus =
R (s) 1 (be -cf dg) +
bedg + +
= abcd
1 (be -cf dg) +
bedg + +
Sol. 67 Option (A) is correct.
2- 2
We have A == 1 3-G

Characteristic equation is

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[ Il A
-] =
0
l 2+ 2-
or =
0
1- l 3+
or ( + 2)( l+ 3) 2- 0 l
=
2
or 5 l+4 =
0 +
l
Thus 1 l =4 and
- 2l =1 -
Eigen values are 4-and 1-.
Eigen vectors for 1 l =4 -
( 1 Il A-) X1 =
0

n
l 2 +2 x11 -
= 1 + x21G
G=
1
or =
0

g.i
1l 3
2- 2- x11
= 1- 1-G=x G =
0
21

n
or =
2x11 -2x21
0 -

eri
or x11 x+21 = 0
We have only one independent equation x11 =x21.-
Let x21 =
K , then x11 =K ,-the Eigen vector will be
e
x11 -
K 1-
=x G == K G = K= G
gin
21 1
Now Eigen vector for 2l =1 -
( 2 Il A-) X2 =
0
2l 2
+ 2- x12
= 1- +G=x22 G
En

or =
0
2l 3
1 2- x12
or = 1- 2 G=x G =
0
22
arn

We have only one independent equation x12 =2x22

Let x22 =
K , then x12 =2K . Thus Eigen vector will be
x12 2K 2
=x G ==K G = K= G
.Le

22 1
Digonalizing matrix
x11 x12 1- 2
M=x x G == 1 1G =
w

21 22
1 2-
M 1- `= 1-j=
1- 1-G
Now
3
ww

Now Diagonal matrix of sin At is D where

sin ( 1 tl) 0 sin ( 4-t) 0
D == G = sin ( 2 tl)G
=
0 sin ( 2 tl) 0
1-
Now matrix B =
sin At =
MDM
1 2 sin ( -4t) 0 1 2--
= 1 1G=
=` 1 j-
0 sin ( t) -1 1-G -
G=
3
sin ( -4t) 2 sin (- t) 2 sin ( -4t) -2 sin ( t-)- -
= sin ( 4t) -2 sin (t) + 2 sin ( -4t) sin (
=` 1 j-
t)G- -
3
sin ( -4t) 2 sin (- t) 2 sin ( -4t) -2 sin ( -
t) - -
= sin ( 4t) -sin ( t) - 2 sin ( -4t-
=` 1 j-
) 2 sin ( )G
t- +
3

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GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC CONTROL SYSTEM

1 sin ( 4t) -2 sin ( t) + 2 sin ( -4t) - 2 sin ( t-

) +
`=3 j= sin ( -4t sin ( -
t) 2 sin ( +4t) -sin ( - t) G+
s
-

Sol. 68 Option (A) is correct.

For ufb system the characteristic equation is
1 + (s)
G =
0
1 + G (s)
1 + 2 K =0
s (s 2s +2)( s 3)+ +
4 3 2
s 4s +5s 6s + K =0 + +

n
The routh table is shown below. For system to be stable,

g.i
(21 4-K)
0 < K and 0 <
2/7
This gives 0 K < 21 <
4

n
eri
s4 1 5 K
s3 4 6 0
2 7
s K
2
e
21 4-K
s1 0
gin
7/2
0
s K

Sol. 69 Option (B) is correct.

En

We have P (s) s5 =s 4 2s 3 + 3s 15 + + +
The routh table is shown below.
If "e 0+ then 2 +e 12e is positive and 15 2-24e12
2
e 144 - e -
+ is negative. Thus there are two
arn

sign change in first column. Hence system has 2 root on RHS of plane.

s5 1 2 3
s4 1 2 15
.Le

s3 e -
12 0
2 +e 12
s2 e 15 0
s1
2
15 -24 e 144 - e -
w

2 e12
+

s0 0
ww

Sol. 70 Option (D) is correct.

x1 3 -1 x1 -1
We have =x G = = 2 0 G=x G + =0 Gu
2 2
x1 1
and Y [1 0]= G =+ Gu
=
x2 2
3 -1 -1
A ==
2 0G
Here , B == G and C =
[1 0]
0
The controllability matrix is
QC = [B AB ]
1 3-
==0 2 G

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GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC CONTROL SYSTEM

det QC ! 0 Thus controllable

The observability matrix is
Q0 [CT AT CT ]
=
1 3-
==0 1-G ! 0

det Q0 ! 0 Thus observable

Sol. 71 Option (B) is correct.
s 0 1 0 s 1- 0
(sI -)
A =0 s G ==0 1G s 1-G
== 0 -

n
(s 1-) 0 1
0
= 1 2=
1-)G >=0 H
1- s 1-
(sI -)
A

g.i
1
(s 1-) 0 (s s 1-

eAt L 1 [(sI =A)] -1 - -

et 0

n
== t G
0 e
Sol. 72 Option (A) is correct.
Z P =N
e-
N " Net encirclement of ( 1 -j0) by +
eri
Nyquist plot,
P " Number of open loop poles in right hand side of s - plane
gin
Z " Number of closed loop poles in right hand side of s -plane
Here N = 1 and P = 1
Thus Z =
0
En

-
Hence there are no roots on RH of s plane and system is always stable.
Sol. 73 Option (C) is correct.
PD Controller may accentuate noise at higher frequency. It does not effect the type
arn

of system and it increases the damping. It also reduce the maximum overshoot.
Sol. 74 Option (D) is correct.
Mason Gain Formula
.Le

pS
k 3k
T (s) =
3
In given SFG there is only forward path and 3 possible loop.
p1 =
1
w

31 1 = 3 24+ s 27 ++ =
s s s
ww

L1 = 2-, L2 = 24
- and L
3 = 3-
s s s
where L1 and L3 are non-touching
C (s) p1 3 1
This =
R (s) 1 (loop gain) + pair of non -touching loops
^ s s27
+
h ^
s 27+
h
= = s

1 ^ s3 - 24s sh
2 -2
-. 3
-+ +
+ - -
29 6
1 s
s s s2

+)
s (s 27
=2
s 29s +6 +
Sol. 75 Option (D) is correct.
We have

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GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC CONTROL SYSTEM

1 + (s) H (s)
G =
0
or 1 + K =
0
s (s 2)( s +3) +
2 2
or K =s (s- 5s +
6s) +
dK 2
=(3s- 10s +6) 0 + =
ds
which gives s = 10 ! 100 -72 =0.784,
- 2.548--
6
The location of poles on s -
plane is

n
g.i
Since breakpoint must lie on root locus so s =0.748
- is possible.

n
Sol. 76 Option (A) is correct.

eri
The given bode plot is shown below
e
gin
En

At w=
0.1 change in slope is 60 + dB " 3 zeroes at w =0.1
At w=
10 change in slope is 40 - dB " 2 poles at w =
10
w= - dB " 1 poles at w =
arn

At 100 change in slope is 20 100

3
K ( 0.1 1+)
s
Thus T (s) =s
( 10 1) 2 ( 100
s
+1) +
Now 20 log10 K =
20
.Le

or K =
10
10 ( 0s.1 1+) 3 108 (s 0+.1) 3
Thus T (s) =s =
( 10 1) 2 ( 100
s
+1) (s 10) 2 (s +
+100) +
w

Sol. 77 Option (B) is correct.

The characteristics equation is
ww

s2 4s +4 =
0 +
Comparing with
s2 2 xn +w n2 =0w +
we get 2 xn w=4 and n2 w = 4
Thus x =
1 Critically damped
ts 4 = 4 2 = =
xn w1 # 2
Sol. 78 Option (B) is correct.
Sol. 79 Option (C) is correct.
We have

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xo1 1 0 x1 x1 (0) 1
=xo G ==1 1G=x2 G
and =
x2 (0)G =0 G
=
2
1 0
A ==1 1G
s 0 1 0 s 1- 0
(sI -)
A =0 s G == G =
1 1 1 s -1G
- =
-
(s 1-) 0 1
0
= 1 2>
+1)H >= H
1- 1-
s
(sI -)
A 1+
(s 1-) 1 (s (s 1-)2 s
1
-
1-

et 0
L 1 [(sI -) -1]
A eAt == t t G =-

n
te e
et 0 1 et

g.i
x (t) eAt # [x (t0)] == t t G= G = tG = =
te e 0 te
Sol. 80 Option (C) is correct.

n
The characteristics equation is
ks2 s +6 =
0+
or

Comparing with s2
we get
s2 1 s + 6
K

2 xn
K
=
0

w n2 =
2 xn s +
e eri
+

0 wwe have+
w= and n w =6
1 2
gin
K K
or 2 # 0.5 # 6K = w 1 Given x=
0. 5
K
or 6 1
=2 & K 1
=
En

K K 6
Sol. 81 Option (B) is correct.
Any point on real axis lies on the root locus if total number of poles and zeros
arn

to the right of that point is odd. Here s =1.5-does not lie on real axis because
there are total two poles and zeros (0 and 1-) to the right of s =1.5- .
Sol. 82 Option (D) is correct.
From the expression of OLTF it may be easily see that the maximum magnitude
.Le

is 0.5 and does not become 1 at any frequency. Thus gain cross over frequency
does not exist. When gain cross over frequency does not exist, the phase margin
is infinite.
w

Sol. 83 Option (D) is correct.

We have xo (t) =2x (-
t) 2u (t)+ ...(i)
ww

Taking Laplace transform we get

sX (s) =2X-
(s) 2U (s)+
or (s 2+) X (s) =
2U (s)
2U (s)
or X (s) =
(s 2+)
Now y (t) =
0.5x (t)
Y (s) =
0.5X (s)
0.5 # 2U (s)
or Y (s) =
s 2+
Y (s)
or = 1
U (s) (s 2+)

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GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC CONTROL SYSTEM

Sol. 84 Option (D) is correct.

From Mason gain formula we can write transfer function as
Y (s) K
K
= 3s =
R (s) 1 ( s - sK-) s + 3 (3 -K) -
-) <
For system to be stable (3 K 0 i.e. K >3
Sol. 85 Option (B) is correct.
The characteristics equation is
(s 1)( s +100) = 0 +
2
s 101s +100 = 0 +

n
2 2
Comparing with s 2 xn +w n = 0 wwe get
+

g.i
2
2 xn w= 101 and n w =
100
Thus 101
x = Overdamped
20

n
For overdamped system settling time can be determined by the dominant pole
of the closed loop system. In given system dominant pole consideration is at

Sol. 86
s =1. Thus
-
1
T
Option (B) is correct.
=
1 and Ts
e eri
4 = 4 sec
T
=
gin
Routh table is shown below. Here all element in 3rd row are zero, so system is
marginal stable.

s5 2 4 2
En

s4 1 2 1
s3 0 0 0
arn

s2
s1
s0
.Le

Sol. 87 Option (B) is correct.

The open loop transfer function is
G (s) H (s) = 2 1
w

s (s s +1) +
Substituting s = j wwe have
ww

G (j ) H (j w) = 1w
j ( w2 -j 1)w + w+
p
+G (j ) H (j w) = -tanw - 1- w
2 (1 -2)w
The frequency at which phase becomes 180c - , is called phase crossover
frequency.
w
Thus -
180 =90 - tan 1-- f2
1 - wf
wf
or -
90 =tan-1-
1 -2 wf
or 1 -2 wf = 0

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wf =1 rad/sec
The gain margin at this frequency wf = 1 is
GM =20 log - 10 G (j ) H (j wf) wf
20 log10 ( (1 = w2f) 2 2
=20 log
- w 1f 0 = - wf
Sol. 88 Option (A) is correct.
Z P =N -
N " Net encirclement of ( 1 -j0) by + Nyquist plot,
P " Number of open loop poles in right had side of s - plane

n
Z " Number of closed loop poles in right hand side of s -plane
Here N = 0 (1 encirclement in CW direction and other in CCW)

g.i
and P = 0
Thus Z = 0

n
Hence there are no roots on RH of s -
plane.

eri
Sol. 89 Option (D) is correct.
Take off point is moved after G2 as shown below
e
gin

Sol. 90 Option (D) is correct.

En

If roots of characteristics equation lie on negative axis at different positions (i.e.

unequal), then system response is over damped.
From the root locus diagram we see that for 0 K < 1, the roots < are on imaginary
axis and for 1 K < 5 roots are < on complex plain. For K > 5 roots are again on
arn

imaginary axis.
Thus system is over damped for 0 # K < 1 and K >. 5
Sol. 91 Option (C) is correct.
.Le

The characteristics equation is

s2 2s +2 = 0 +
Comparing with s2 2
2 xn +w n = 0 wwe get
+
w

2
2 xn w= 2 and n w = 2
=2nw
ww

and x =1
2
Since x<
1 thus system is under damped
Sol. 92 Option (C) is correct.
From SFG we have
I1 (s) G1 Vi (s) =HI2 (s) + ...(1)
I2 (s) =
G2 I1 (s) ...(2)
V0 (s) =
G3 I2 (s) ...(3)
Now applying KVL in given block diagram we have
Vi (s) = I1 (s) Z1 (s) + [I1 (s) I-2 (s)] Z3 (s) ...(4)

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0 [I2 (s) =I1 (s)] Z3 (s) I2 (-s) Z2 (s) I2 (s) Z4 (s) + ...(5) +
From (4) we have
or Vi (s) I1 (s)[ Z1 (s) =Z3 (S)] I2 (s) Z3 (S) + -
1 Z3 (s)
or I1 (s) =
Vi I+2 ...(6)
Z1 (s) +3 (s)
Z Z1 (s) Z +3 (s)
From (5) we have
I1 (s) Z3 (S) I2 (s)[ Z2 (s) =Z3 (s) Z4 (s)] + ...(7) +
I1 (s) Z3 (s)
or Is (s) =
Z3 (s) Z2 (s) +Z4 (s) +

n
Comparing (2) and (7) we have
Z3 (s)

g.i
G2 =
Z3 (s) Z2 (s) +Z4 (s) +
Comparing (1) and (6) we have

n
Z3 (s)
H =
Z1 (s) Z +3 (s)
Sol. 93 Option (B) is correct.

CLTF =
1 G + (s) s2 7s +13
e
+
eri
For unity negative feedback system the closed loop transfer function is
G (s)
= s 4+ , G (s) " OL Gain
gin
1 G + (s) s2 7s +13 +
or =
G (s) s 4+
or 1 s2
= 7s +13 s2
1- += 6s +9 +
G (s) s 4+ s 4+
En

or G (s) =2 s 4+
s 6s +9 +
For DC gain s =,
0 thus
arn

Thus G (0) 4
=
9
Sol. 94 Option (C) is correct.
From the Block diagram transfer function is
.Le

G (s)
T (s) =
1 G + (s) H (s)
K (s 2-)
Where G (s) =
(s 2+)
w

and H (s) (s =2) -

ww

The Characteristic equation is

1 G+ (s) H (s) =
0
K (s 2-)
1 + (s 2-) =0
(s 2+) 2
or (s 2) 2 +K (s 2) 2 + =0 -
2
or (1 K) s +4 (1 K) s 4+ K 4 = 0 - + +
Routh Table is shown below. For System to be stable 1 k+ >
0 , and 4 4+k >
0
and 4 4-k > 0 . This gives 1- K < 1 <
As per question for 0 # K < 1

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s2 1 k+ 4 4+k

s1 4 4-k 0

s0 4 4+k

Sol. 95 Option (B) is correct.

It is stable at all frequencies because for resistive network feedback factor is
always less than unity. Hence overall gain decreases.
Sol. 96 Option (B) is correct.

n
The characteristics equation is s2 2
sa +ks 3 =
0+ +

g.i
The Routh Table is shown below
For system to be stable a>
0 and Ka 3- >
0
a

n
Thus a>
0 and Ka >
3

eri
s3 1 K
s2 a e 3
Ka 3-
s1 a 0
gin
s0 3

Sol. 97 Option (B) is correct.

Closed loop transfer function is given as
En

T (s) =2 9
s 4s +9 +
by comparing with standard form we get natural freq.
arn

2
w =
9 A

nw =
3
2 xn w=
4
4 = 2/3
.Le

Damping factor x =
2#3
For second order system the setting time for 2-percent band is given by
ts =4 4 =4 =2 =
xn w3 # 2/3 2
w

Sol. 98 Option (D) is correct.

Given loop transfer function is
ww

G (s) H (s) = 2
s (s 1+)

G (j ) H (j w)
= 2 w
j (j w 1+) w
Phase cross over frequency can be calculated as
( f) at
=w180c
- w
=wp
So here ( f) =w90c- tan 1-(- )w
90c -tan 1-( p)w -=180c
-
1-
tan ( p)w = 90c
pw =
3

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Gain margin
20 log 10 = 1
G (j ) H (j w) G
at w =p w
w
20 log 10 e 1
G (j ) H (j wp) o
G.M. =
w

G (j p) H (j wp) = 2 w =
0
p w2p 1+ w
so G.M. 1
20 log 10 b l = 3 =
0
Sol. 99 Option (A) is correct.

n
0 1 0
Here A ==2 3-G
, B ==1 G and C =
[1 1]

g.i
The controllability matrix is
0 1
QC =
[B AB ] ==1 3-G

n
eri
det QC ! 0 Thus controllable
The observability matrix is
1 2
Q0 [CT AT CT ]
= ==1 2-G
!0
e
gin
det Q0 ! 0 Thus observable
Sol. 100 Option (D) is correct.
we have G (s) H (s) =2 3
s (s 1+)
En

or G (j ) H (j w) = 2 3 w
j (j w 1+) w
Gain cross over frequency
arn

G (j ) H (j w) at =wg
=
1w w

or 2 3 =
1
w2 1 w +
.Le

2 2
12 ( w =1) w +
4 2
w +12 =
0w -
2
( 4) ( w2 +3) =
0 w-
w

2
3 and 2 w 4 =
w = -
which gives 1, w2 =w 3
!
ww

g w =3
( f) at w
=wg
=w90 - tan 1-(- g)w
=90 - tan 1-- 3
=90 - 60 - =150-
Phase margin 180 = ( f) at =ww + w
g

180 =150 =
30c -
Sol. 101 Option (B) is correct.
Sol. 102 Option (C) is correct.
Closed-loop transfer function is given by
T (s) =n an 1-s a+n
s a1 sn 1- +... an 1-s an + + +

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an 1-s a+n
n n 1-
= s a 1s +...an 2-s2 +
1 +n a n 1-s a+n
n 1-
s a1 s +...an 2-s2 +

Thus G (s) H (s) =n an 1-s a+n

s a1 sn 1- + an 2-s2 +
For unity feed back H (s) =
1
Thus G (s) =n an 1-s a+n
s a1 sn 1- + an 2-s2 +
Steady state error is given by

n
E (s) = lim R (s) 1

g.i
s"0 1 G + (s) H (s)
for unity feed back H (s) = 1
Here input R (s) = 1 (unit Ramp)

n
s2
so E (s) = lim 12 1

eri
s"0 s 1 + (s)
G
n n 1-
lim 12 s n a1 s n +
= an 2-s2 + +
-
1
s"0 s s a1 s + an + +
e
a
= n 2-
an
gin
Sol. 103 Option (B) is correct.
Sol. 104 Option (A) is correct.
En

Sol. 105 Option (A) is correct.

Applying Routh’s criteria
s3 5s2 +7s 3 =
0+ +
arn

s3 1 7
s2 5 3
3-
s 1 7#5
=32
0
.Le

5 5

s0 3

There is no sign change in the first column. Thus there is no root lying in the
w

left-half plane.
Sol. 106 Option (A) is correct.
ww

Techometer acts like a differentiator so its transfer function is of the form ks .

Sol. 107 Option (A) is correct.
Open loop transfer function is
G (s) = K
s (s 1+)
Steady state error
sR (s)
E (s) = lim
s"0 1 + (s) H (s)
G
Where R (s) input H (s) = 1 (unity feedback) =
R (s) 1
=
s

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GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC CONTROL SYSTEM

s1 s (s 1+)
so E (s) =
lim s =
lim =
0
+ K
2
s"0
1 s"0 s s +K +
s (s 1+)
Sol. 108 Option (B) is correct.
Fig given below shows a unit impulse input given to a zero-order hold circuit
which holds the input signal for a duration T & therefore, the output is a unit
step function till duration T .

n
n g.i
h (t) u (t) =u (t T) - -
Taking Laplace transform we have

Sol. 109
H (s) 1 =1 e sT
s s
Option (C) is correct.
-
-1 61 =e sT
s
-
@ e eri -

Phase margin 180c = g qwhere q +=

value of phase at gain crossover
gin
g

frequency.
Here g q =125c
-
so P.M 180c =125c 55c - =
En

Sol. 110 Option (B) is correct.

Open loop transfer function is given by
K (1 0+.5s)
arn

G (s) H (s) =
s (1 s) (1 +2s) +
Close looped system is of type 1.
It must be noted that type of the system is defined as no. of poles lies at origin
lying
.Le

in OLTF.
Sol. 111 Option (D) is correct.
Transfer function of the phase lead controller is
1 3+Ts = 1 (+3T )w j
w

T .F =
1 s+ 1 (+T )wj
Phase is
ww

( f) w 1 (3T ) =tan -1 (T w)
tan - -
w
w 1-; 3T -w
T w
1 3+T 2 2 Ew
( f) =
tan

( f) = w 1-; 2T 2 w2 E
tan
1 3+T w
For maximum value of phase
d ( f) w
=
0
d w
or 1 3T 2
= 2
w
T w =1
3

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GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC CONTROL SYSTEM

So maximum phase is
f
max tan 1-; 2T 2 w2 E at T w =1
=
1 3+T w 3
1
2 3 1 = 30c
tan 1 > H tan ;
3E
-1 -
= =
1 3+# 13
Sol. 112 Option (A) is correct.
G (j ) H (j w) enclose thew( 1,
- 0) point so here G (j p) H (j wp) >
1 w
pw =Phase cross over frequency
Gain Margin = 20 log 10 1
G (j p) H (j wp) w

n
so gain margin will be less than zero.

g.i
Sol. 113 Option (B) is correct.
The denominator of Transfer function is called the characteristic equation of the
system. so here characteristic equation is

n
(s 1) 2 (s +2) 0 + =
Sol. 114

Sol. 115
Option (C) is correct.

the rotor velocity so here n =

Option (C) is correct.
1
e eri
In synchro error detector, output voltage is proportional to [ (w
t)], where (w
t) is
gin
By masson’s gain formulae
y / D
= k k
P
x D
En

Forward path gain P1 5 # 2 # 1 = 10 =

D 1 =(2 # - 2) 1 4 -5 = + =
1D =1
arn

y 10 # 1 = 2
so gain =
x 5
Sol. 116 Option (C) is correct.
By given matrix equations we can have
.Le

Xo1 dx1 = x1 x2 0 = - +
dt
Xo2 dx2 = 0 x2 m= + +
dt
w

x1
y [1 1] > H = x1 x2 = +
x2
ww

dy dx1 =dx2 +
dt dt dt
dy
x1 = m +
dt
dy
x1 (0) = (m0) +
dt t 0=
1 =0 =
0 +

***********

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