Chemistry Revision (Chapter 3)

1 Silicon(IV) oxide and sodium chloride have different types of bonding and structure.

(a) Name the type of bonding present in

silicon(IV) oxide, ........................................................................................................................

sodium chloride. .........................................................................................................................

[2]

(b) Name the type of structure present in silicon( IV) oxide.

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(c) (i) Silicon(IV) oxide has a high melting point. Explain why.

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(ii) Silicon(IV) oxide is a poor conductor of electricity. Explain why.

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(d) Solid sodium chloride does not conduct electricity. However, it conducts electricity when molten.
Explain why solid sodium chloride does not conduct electricity, whereas molten sodium chloridedoes
conduct electricity.

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2 Beryllium is a metallic element in Group II.

(a) Give the electronic structure of a beryllium atom.

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(b) Give the formula of beryllium oxide.

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(c) (i) Describe the bonding in a metallic element such as beryllium.
Include a labelled diagram and any appropriate charges in your answer.

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(ii) Explain why metallic elements, such as beryllium, are good conductors of electricity.

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3 The table gives some information about five substances.

(a) Which substance in the table has ionic bonding?

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(b) Which substance in the table has a giant covalent structure?

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(c) Name a method you could use to separate a mixture of substance J and water.

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(d) Name a method you could use to obtain substance F from a mixture of substance F and water.

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(e) Describe how you could obtain a solid sample of substance H from a mixture of substance H and
substance G.

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(f) Substance J is a metal.
Describe how substance J is able to conduct electricity when it is a solid.

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[Total: 10]
4 (d) Silicon(IV) oxide has a giant structure.
(i) Name the type of bonding in silicon(IV) oxide.

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(ii) Give two physical properties of silicon(IV) oxide.

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(e) Calcium phosphate is used in fertilisers. The bonding in calcium phosphate is ionic.
Calcium phosphate contains the phosphate ion, PO43–.
(i) What is ionic bonding?

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(ii) Deduce the formula of calcium phosphate.

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5 (a) For each of the following, give the name of an element from Period 2 (lithium to neon), which
matches the description.
Elements may be used once, more than once or not at all.

(i) an element which is gaseous at room temperature and pressure

........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) an element which forms an oxide that is a reactant in photosynthesis

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(iii) an element that is a product of photosynthesis

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(iv) an element that makes up approximately 78% by volume of the air

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(v) an element which has atoms with a full outer shell of electrons

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(vi) an element which exists as both diamond and graphite

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(vii) an element that reacts vigorously with cold water

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(viii) a soft metallic element which is stored in oil

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(b) Give the formula of a compound that contains

(i) only boron and oxygen, ................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) only lithium and nitrogen. ............................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 10]

6 (a) (i) Define the term atomic number.

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(ii) Define the term nucleon number.

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(b) The table shows the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in some atoms or ions.
Complete the table. The first line is given as an example.

6)6)6

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(a) Potassium iodide is an ionic compound.

(i) Describe what happens, in terms of electron loss and gain, when a potassium atom reacts
with an iodine atom.

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(ii) Describe the structure of solid potassium iodide. You may draw a diagram.

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(iii) Explain why potassium iodide has a high melting point.

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(c) When chlorine gas is bubbled through an aqueous solution of potassium iodide, a redox
reaction takes place.
2I – + Cl 2 → I2 + 2Cl –
(i) State the colour change expected in this reaction.

start colour ...........................................................................................................................

end colour ............................................................................................................................
[2]

8 Rubidium, Rb, is a Group I element. It has similar physical and chemical properties to the other elements
in Group I.

(a) Predict how many electrons there are in the outer shell of a rubidium atom.

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(b) Predict one physical property of rubidium which is the same as that of a transition element such as iron.

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(c) Predict two physical properties of rubidium which are different to those of a transition element such as
iron.

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(d) When rubidium is added to cold water a reaction occurs.

(i) Suggest two observations that would be made when rubidium is added to cold water.

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(ii) What would be the colour of the solution if methyl orange was added to it after the reaction?

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(iii) Write a chemical equation for the reaction between rubidium and water.

........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(iv) Put the Group I elements, caesium, lithium, potassium, rubidium and sodium in their order of reactivity
with water. Put the most reactive element first.

(v) Suggest one safety measure that should be used when rubidium is added to cold water.

........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(e) The phosphate ion has the formula PO43–
Deduce the formula of rubidium phosphate.

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[Total: 12]

9 Carbon dioxide and silicon(IV) oxide are oxides of Group IV elements.

(a) Complete the following table.

(b) (i) Name the type of bonds that exist between the atoms in silicon( IV) oxide.

........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Explain why silicon(IV) oxide has a very high melting point.

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(iii) Explain, in terms of attractive forces between particles, why carbon dioxide has a very low melting
point.
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........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iv) Explain, in terms of particles, why carbon dioxide is a non-conductor of electricity.
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(c) Suggest a chemical equation for the reaction between sodium hydroxide solution and
carbon dioxide.

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(d) (i) Name the type of chemical reaction in which carbon dioxide is produced from fossil fuels.

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(ii) Name the chemical process in which green plants convert carbon dioxide into carbohydrates.

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(iii) Name the chemical process in which living things produce carbon dioxide.

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[Total: 13]

10 (a) The table below gives information about particles.

Complete the table. The first line has been done for you.

(b) Gallium is a Group III element.

Define the term element

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(c) The following are gallium atoms.

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11 For each of the following, give the name of an element from Period 3 (sodium to argon), whichmatches
the description.

(a) an element which is gaseous at room temperature and pressure

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(b) an element that is added to water to kill bacteria

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(c) an element that forms a basic oxide of the type XO

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(d) an element used as an inert atmosphere in lamps

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(e) an element that forms an amphoteric oxide

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(f) an element that reacts vigorously with cold water to produce hydrogen

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[Total: 6]

12 (a) Define the term isotope.

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(b) The table gives information about four particles, A, B, C and D.

Complete the table.
The first line has been done for you.

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13(g) Draw a dot-and-cross diagram to show the arrangement of the outer (valency) electrons in one
molecule of ammonia.

14Use your copy of the Periodic Table to help you answer these questions.

(a) Predict the formula of each of the following compounds.

(i) aluminium fluoride ........................................................................................................ [1]

(ii) arsenic oxide ................................................................................................................ [1]

(iii) silicon bromide .............................................................................................................. [1]

(b) Deduce the formula of each of the following ions.

(i) phosphide ..................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) barium ........................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) francium ........................................................................................................................ [1]

(c) Draw a diagram showing the arrangement of the valency electrons in one molecule of the
covalent compound carbon dioxide.
Use x to represent an electron from a carbon atom.
Use o to represent an electron from an oxygen atom.

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 [3]
[Total: 9]

15 The halogens are a group of non-metals in Group VII of the Periodic Table.

(a) The reactivity of the halogens decreases down the group.

Describe an experiment which shows that chlorine is more reactive than iodine. Include an
equation in your answer.

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16 Calcium reacts with nitrogen to form the ionic compound calcium nitride, Ca 3N2.
(a) Draw a diagram, based on the correct formula, which shows the charges on the ions and the
arrangement of the electrons around the negative ion.
Use o to represent an electron from a calcium atom.
Use x to represent an electron from a nitrogen atom.

[3]
(b) In the lattice of calcium nitride, the ratio of calcium ions to nitride ions is 3: 2.
(i) What is meant by the term lattice?
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....................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) In terms of ionic charges, explain why the ratio of ions is 3: 2.
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17 Carbon and silicon are elements in Group IV. They both form oxides of the type XO 2.
(a) Silicon(IV) oxide, SiO2, has a macromolecular structure.
(i) Describe the structure of silicon(IV) oxide.

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(ii) State three properties which silicon(IV) oxide and diamond have in common.
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(iii) How could you show that silicon(IV) oxide is acidic and not basic or amphoteric?
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(b) Explain why the physical properties of carbon dioxide are different from those of diamond and
silicon(IV) oxide.
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[Total: 9]

18 (a) The symbols of six particles are shown below.

Na+ Ca2+ Kr P Si O 2–

Select from the list of particles to answer the following questions. A particle may be selected
once, more than once or not at all.

(i) Which two ions have the same electronic structure? .................................................... [1]
(ii) Which ion has the same electronic structure as an atom of argon? .............................. [1]
(iii) Which atom can form an ion of the type X3–? ................................................................ [1]
(iv) Which atom can form a hydride which has a formula of the type XH 4? ......................... [1]

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19 d) Brass is an alloy which contains zinc.
(i) Name the other metal in brass.

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(ii) Suggest two reasons why an alloy such as brass is preferred to either of its constituent
metals.

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