Republic of the Philippines

Laguna State Polytechnic University

Province of Laguna

Course AC 6 – Basic Electrical Engineering

Sem/AY First Semester/2022-2023
Module No. 14
Lesson Title Conductance, Susceptance and Admittance in AC Circuit
Week
16
Duration
Date
Description This topic introduces the Conductance, Susceptance and Admittance of AC Circuit. The relation
of the Lesson of these new terms to Resistance, Reactance and Impedance of AC Circuit.

Learning Outcomes

Students should be able to meet the following intended learning outcomes:

Intended
● Be able to use Conductance, Susceptance and Admittance formula in analyzing
Learning
Serie-Parallel AC Circuit.
Outcomes
● Be able to calculate voltage, current and power in AC circuit.
Targets/ At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
Objectives ● To understand the relationship between Conductance, Susceptance and Admittance
compare this to the relationship between the Resistance, Reactance and Impedance of
AC Circuit.
● Calculate the values for Conductance, Susceptance and Admittance in AC Circuit.

Student Learning Strategies

Online A. Online Discussion via Google Meet

Activities You will be directed to attend in a two-hour class discussion on Voltage and Current
(Synchrono Relation in RLC circuits. To have access to the online discussion, refer to this link:
us/ ____________________.
Asynchrono
us) The online discussion will happen on , from (For further
instructions, refer to your Google Classroom and see the schedule of activities for this
module)

Some useful links for YouTube lectures:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pFJL8Oi1acI&feature=emb_logo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2GvqQvohP2k
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8MMzeeHNjIw

B. Learning Guide Questions:

How does the Conductance, Susceptance and Admittance method make a fair analysis
compare to Resistance, Reactance, and Impedance method of AC Circuit?

Note: The insight that you will post on online discussion forum using Learning Management
System (LMS) will receive additional scores in class participation.
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Laguna State Polytechnic University
Province of Laguna

Lecture Guide

In our previous discussion, we discussed the Impedance of AC Circuit which practically resists
the flow of current in an AC circuit. This time we will discuss its reciprocal called Admittance.
While impedance is a measure of how much alternating current is impeded in a circuit,
admittance is a measure of how much current is admitted. If Impedance has its reciprocal and
so are the Resistance and the Reactance, which are called the Conductance and Susceptance.
Just like Impedance to its reciprocal, the Admittance, Resistance is the measure of how much a
circuit resists current, while Conductance is the measure of how much a circuit conducts current.
While Reactance is the measure of how much a circuit reacts against change in current over
time, Susceptance is the measure of how much a circuit is susceptible to conducting a changing
current. Since these new terms are the reciprocal so as their unit, from ohm (Ω) these new
terms have a unit of mho (℧). To this date the unit mho is replaced by the recognized SI unit as
Siemens (S).

Although Admittance, Conductance and Susceptance can be used to evaluate AC Circuit just like
its reciprocal, it is more useful in evaluating a Parallel AC circuit. We will see its importance
when we are discussing the example shown later.

Conductance
A component of admittance in-phase with the applied voltage is called conductance. Or the R
component of admittance is called conductance. It is represented by G and the unit of
Offline conductance is Mho or Siemens.
Activities 1
𝐺 = 𝑅, ℧ 𝐺 = 𝑟∠0° ℧
(e-Learning
/ Resistance in Parallel
1 1 1 1
Self-Paced) 𝑅𝑇
= 𝑅1
+ 𝑅2
+ 𝑅3
…Ω
Hence Conductance in Parallel
𝐺𝑇 = 𝐺1 + 𝐺2 + 𝐺3… ℧
Consequently,

1 𝑅 𝑅 𝑅
𝐺 = 𝑌 cos 𝑐𝑜𝑠 θ = 𝑍
* 𝑍
= 2 = 2 2
𝑍 𝑅 +𝑋

Susceptance
That component of admittance, which has an angle of 90 degree with applied voltage is or B
component of admittance is called susceptance, its represented by B and the unit of susceptance
is also Mho or Siemens. A Component of admittance in quadrature (at 90 degree) with the
applied Voltage is called susceptance. Susceptance is the reciprocal of a pure reactance, X, and is
given the symbol B. In AC circuits susceptance is defined as the ease at which a reactance (or a
set of reactances) allows an alternating current to flow when a voltage of a given frequency is
applied.
1
𝐵 = 𝑋, ℧ 𝐵 = 𝑟∠±90° ℧
Susceptance has the opposite sign to reactance so Capacitive susceptance BC is positive, (+ve) in
value while Inductive susceptance BL is negative, (-ve) in value. We can therefore define
inductive and capacitive susceptance as being:
𝐵𝐿 = 𝐵∠ − 90° = 0 − 𝑗𝐵, ℧
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𝐵𝐶 = 𝐵∠90° = 0 + 𝑗𝐵, ℧

Reactance in Parallel
1 1 1 1
𝑋𝑇
= 𝑋1
+ 𝑋2
+ 𝑋3
…Ω
Hence Susceptance in Parallel
𝐵𝑇 = 𝐵1 + 𝐵2 + 𝐵3… ℧
Consequently,
1 𝑋 𝑋 𝑋
𝐵 = 𝑌 sin 𝑠𝑖𝑛 θ = 𝑍
* 𝑍
= 2 = 2 2
𝑍 𝑅 +𝑋

Admittance
Admittance is the reciprocal of impedance given the symbol, Y. Like impedance, it is a complex
quantity consisting of a real part and an imaginary part. The real part is the reciprocal of
resistance and is called Conductance, symbol G while the imaginary part is the reciprocal of
reactance and is called Susceptance, symbol B and expressed in complex form as: Y = G ± jB.

1
𝑌= 𝑍
, ℧ 𝑌 = 𝑟∠±θ ℧
Impedance in Parallel
1 1 1 1
𝑍𝑇
= 𝑍1
+ 𝑍2
+ 𝑍3
…Ω

Hence Admittance in Parallel

𝑌𝑇 = 𝑌1 + 𝑌2 + 𝑌3… ℧

Consequently,
2 2
𝑌𝑇 = 𝐺𝑇 + 𝐵𝑇
𝐼𝑅𝑀𝑆
𝑌= 𝑉𝑅𝑀𝑆

Admittance is the vector sum of conductance and susceptance. Susceptance is conventionally

multiplied by the positive square root of -1, the unit imaginary number called symbolized by j,
to express Y as a complex quantity G - jBL (when the net susceptance is inductive) or G + jBC
(when the net susceptance is capacitive).
In parallel circuits, conductance and susceptance add together independently to yield the
composite admittance. In series circuits, conductance and susceptance combine in a more
complicated manner. In these situations, it is easier to convert conductance to resistance,
susceptance to reactance, and then calculate the composite impedance.
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Impedance versus Admittance Triangle

SERIES AC CIRCUIT

𝑅 𝑅 𝑋 𝑋
𝐺= 2 = 2 2 , 𝐵= 2 = 2 2
𝑍 𝑅 +𝑋 𝑍 𝑅 +𝑋

2 2 2
𝑌 =𝐺 +𝐵 , 𝑌 = 𝐺±𝑗𝐵 𝐼 = 𝑉𝑌

PARALLEL AC CIRCUIT

𝑅𝐿 𝑅𝐶
𝐺𝐿 = 2 2 , 𝐺𝐶 = 2 2 , 𝐺𝑇 = 𝐺𝐿 + 𝐺𝐶
𝑅𝐿 +𝑋𝐿 𝑅𝐶 +𝑋𝐶

𝑋𝐿 𝑋𝐶
𝐵𝐿 = 2 2 , 𝐵𝐶 = 2 2 , 𝐵𝑇 = 𝐵𝐶 − 𝐵𝐿
𝑅𝐿 +𝑋𝐿 𝑅𝐶 +𝑋𝐶
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2 2 2
𝑌𝑇 = 𝐺𝑇 + 𝐵𝑇 , 𝑌𝑇 = 𝐺𝑇±𝑗𝐵𝑇 𝐼 = 𝑉𝑌𝑇

Example:

1. A 50Ω resistor, a 20mH coil and a 5uF capacitor are all connected in parallel across a 50V,
100Hz supply. Calculate the total current drawn from the supply, the total admittance of the
circuit and the phase angle. Also construct the current and admittance triangles representing
the circuit.

Solution:
a. Solving for Admittance.
𝐼 2 2
𝑌= 𝑉
= 𝑟∠±θ 𝑜𝑟 𝑌 = 𝐺𝑇 + 𝐵𝑇 , 𝐿𝑒𝑡𝑠 𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑟

We need to solve first the G and B

1 1
𝐺 = 𝑅 = 50Ω = 0. 02℧

1 1 1
𝐵𝐿 = 𝑋𝐿
= 2π𝑓𝐿
= −3 = 0. 08℧
2π(100)(20𝑥10 )

1 1 1
𝐵𝐶 = 𝑋𝐶
= 1 = 1 = 2π𝑓𝐶 = 0. 003℧
2π𝑓𝐶 −6
2π(100)(5𝑥10 )

Hence
2 2 2 2
𝑌𝑇 = 𝐺𝑇 + 𝐵𝑇 = 0. 02 + (0. 003 − 0. 08) = 0. 079℧

b. Current drawn from the supply.

𝐼 = 𝑉𝑌 = (50𝑉)(0. 079℧) = 3. 95𝐴

Phase Angle
𝐵 |0.08−0.003|
𝑡𝑎𝑛θ = 𝐺 = 0.02
−1 0.077
θ= 𝑡𝑎𝑛 0.02 = 75. 4°
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Current and Admittance Triangle.

2. A 1kΩ resistor, a 142mH coil and a 160uF capacitor are all connected in parallel across a
240V, 60Hz supply. Calculate the admittance of the parallel RLC circuit and the current drawn
from the supply.

a. Solving for Admittance.

𝐼 2 2
𝑌= 𝑉
= 𝑟∠±θ 𝑜𝑟 𝑌 = 𝐺𝑇 + 𝐵𝑇 , 𝐿𝑒𝑡𝑠 𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑟

We need to solve first the G and B

1 1
𝐺 = 𝑅 = 1000Ω = 0. 001℧

1 1 1
𝐵𝐿 = 𝑋𝐿
= 2π𝑓𝐿
= −3 = 0. 018℧
2π(60)(142𝑥10 )

1 1 1
𝐵𝐶 = 𝑋𝐶
= 1 = 1 = 0. 06℧
2π𝑓𝐶 −6
2π(60)(160𝑥10 )

Hence
2 2 2 2
𝑌𝑇 = 𝐺𝑇 + 𝐵𝑇 = 0. 001 + (0. 06 − 0. 018) = 0. 042℧

b. Current drawn from the supply.

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𝐼 = 𝑉𝑌 = (240𝑉)(0. 042℧) = 10. 08𝐴

3. In the series–parallel circuit shown below, determine the following values for this circuit:
a. The total admittance
b. Total Conductance
c. Total Susceptance
d. The current drawn from the source
e. Phase angle between the current and voltage.

Solution: (Let us try solving the problem using complex algebra approach)

For Branch AB (Series impedance)

2 2 2 2
𝑍𝐴𝐵 = 𝑅𝐴𝐵 + 𝑋𝐴𝐵 = 30 + 40 = 50Ω
−1 𝑋 −1 40
θ = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑅
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛 30
= 53. 13°
For Branch CD (Series impedance)
2 2 2 2
𝑍𝐶𝐷 = 𝑅𝐶𝐷 + 𝑋𝐶𝐷 = 40 + 30 = 50Ω
−1 𝑋 −1 30
θ = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑅
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛 40
= 36. 87°

For Branch EF (AB and CD are parallel)

𝑍𝐴𝐵𝑍𝐶𝐷 (30+𝑗40)(40+𝑗30) (30+𝑗40)(40+𝑗30)
𝑍𝐸𝐹 = 𝑍𝐴𝐵+𝑍𝐶𝐷
= (30+𝑗40)+(40+𝑗30)
= (70+𝑗70)
(1200+𝑗900+𝑗1600−1200) (𝑗2500) (70−𝑗70)
(70+𝑗70)
= (70+𝑗70) (70−𝑗70)
(𝑗175000+175000) 175000+𝑗175000
4900−𝑗4900+𝑗4900+4900
= 9800
= 17. 85 + 𝑗17. 85
2 2 2 2
𝑍𝐸𝐹 = 𝑅𝐸𝐹 + 𝑋𝐸𝐹 = 17. 85 + 17. 85 = 25. 24Ω
−1 𝑋 −1 17.85
θ = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑅
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛 17.85
= 45°

Other Solution:
(50∠53.13°)(50∠36.87°) (2500∠90°)
𝑍𝐸𝐹 = (50∠53.13°)+(50∠36.87°)
= 99∠45°
= 25. 25∠45°
𝑅𝐸𝐹
𝑐𝑜𝑠θ = 𝑍𝐸𝐹

𝑅𝐸𝐹 = 𝑍𝐸𝐹 𝑐𝑜𝑠θ = 25. 25 𝑐𝑜𝑠 45° = 17. 85Ω

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𝑋𝐸𝐹
𝑠𝑖𝑛θ = 𝑍𝐸𝐹

𝑋𝐸𝐹 = 𝑍𝐸𝐹 𝑠𝑖𝑛θ = 25. 25 𝑠𝑖𝑛 45° = 17. 85Ω

For Branch FG (Series Impedance)

2 2 2 2
𝑍𝐹𝐺 = 𝑅𝐹𝐺 + 𝑋𝐹𝐺 = 22. 5 + 12. 5 = 25. 73Ω
−1 𝑋 −1 12.5
θ = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑅
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛 22.5
= 29. 05°

For Branch EG (Series Impedance)

𝑍𝐸𝐺 = 𝑍𝐸𝐹 + 𝑍𝐹𝐺 = (17. 85 + 𝑗17. 85) + (22. 5 + 𝑗12. 5)
= (17. 85 + 22. 5) + 𝑗(17. 85 + 12. 5)
𝑍𝐸𝐺 = 40. 35 + 𝑗30. 35
𝑅𝐸𝐺 = 40. 35Ω

𝑋𝐸𝐺 = 𝑗30. 35Ω

Other Solution:
2 2 2 2
𝑍𝐸𝐺 = 𝑅𝐸𝐺 + 𝑋𝐸𝐺 = 40. 35 + 30. 35 = 50. 5Ω

−1 𝑋 −1 30.35
θ = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑅
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛 40.35
= 36. 95°

𝑅𝐸𝐺
𝑐𝑜𝑠θ = 𝑍𝐸𝐺

𝑅𝐸𝐺 = 𝑍𝐸𝐺 𝑐𝑜𝑠θ = 50. 5 𝑐𝑜𝑠 36. 95° = 40. 35Ω

𝑋𝐸𝐺
𝑠𝑖𝑛θ = 𝑍𝐸𝐺

𝑋𝐸𝐺 = 𝑍𝐸𝐺 𝑠𝑖𝑛θ = 50. 5 𝑠𝑖𝑛 36. 9° = 30. 35Ω

Therefore;
1 1 1
a. 𝑌𝑇 = 𝑍𝑇
= 𝑍𝐸𝐺
= 50.5
= 0. 02℧

1 1 1
b. 𝐺𝑇 = 𝑅𝑇
= 𝑅𝐸𝐺
= 40.35
= 0. 025℧

1 1 1
c. 𝐵𝑇 = 𝑋𝑇
= 𝑋𝐸𝐺
= 30.35
= 0. 033℧

d. 𝐼 = 𝑉𝑌 = (220∠0° 𝑉)(0. 02∠ − 36. 95° ℧) = 4. 4∠ − 36. 95°𝐴

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Solution using the Admittance equation

For Branch AB
𝑅 30
𝐺𝐴𝐵 = 2 2 = 2 2 = 0. 012℧
𝑅 +𝑋 30 +40
𝑋 40
𝐵𝐴𝐵 = 2 2 = 2 2 = 0. 016℧
𝑅 +𝑋 30 +40
2 2 2 2
𝑌𝐴𝐵 = 𝐺𝐴𝐵 + 𝐵𝐴𝐵 = 0. 012 + 0. 016 = 0. 02℧

For Branch CD
𝑅 40
𝐺𝐶𝐷 = 2 2 = 2 2 = 0. 016℧
𝑅 +𝑋 40 +30
𝑋 30
𝐵𝐶𝐷 = 2 2 = 2 2 = 0. 012℧
𝑅 +𝑋 40 +30
2 2 2 2
𝑌𝐶𝐷 = 𝐺𝐶𝐷 + 𝐵𝐶𝐷 = 0. 016 + 0. 012 = 0. 02℧

The total admittance for the branch EF (Parallel connected)

2 2
𝑌𝐸𝐹 = 𝐺𝐸𝐹 + 𝐵𝐸𝐹 = (𝐺𝐴𝐵 + 𝐺𝐶𝐷)2 + (𝐵𝐴𝐵 + 𝐵𝐶𝐷)2
2 2
𝑌𝐸𝐹 = (0. 012 + 0. 016) + (0. 016 + 0. 012) = 0. 04℧

Since there are two branches in series, branch EF and branch FG, lets determine first its
equivalent impedance
1 1
𝑍𝐸𝐹 = 𝑌𝐸𝐹
= 0.04
= 25Ω
2
( 2) = 17. 5Ω
𝑅𝐸𝐹 = 𝐺𝐸𝐹𝑍𝐸𝐹 = (0. 012 + 0. 016) 25
2 2
𝑋𝐸𝐹 = 𝐵𝐸𝐹𝑍𝐸𝐹 = (0. 016 + 0. 012)(25 ) = 17. 5Ω

for branch EG
𝑅𝐸𝐺 = 𝑅𝐸𝐹 + 𝑅𝐹𝐺 = 17. 5 + 22. 5 = 40Ω
𝑋𝐸𝐺 = 𝑋𝐸𝐹 + 𝑋𝐹𝐺 = 17. 5 + 12. 5 = 30Ω
2 2 2 2
𝑍𝐸𝐺 = 𝑅𝐸𝐹 + 𝑋𝐸𝐹 = 40 + 30 = 50Ω
Therefore:
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1 1 1
𝑎. 𝑌𝑇 = 𝑍𝑇
= 𝑍𝐸𝐺
= 50
= 0. 02℧
1 1 1
𝑏. 𝐺𝑇 = 𝑅𝑇
= 𝑅𝐸𝐺
= 40
= 0. 025℧
1 1 1
𝑐. 𝐵𝑇 = 𝑋𝑇
= 𝑋𝐸𝐺
= 30
= 0. 033℧
𝑑. 𝐼 = 𝑉𝑌 = (220∠0° 𝑉)(0. 02∠ − 36. 95° ℧) = 4. 4∠ − 36. 95°𝐴

SUMMARY:
Element Impedance Admittance
𝑉 𝐼
𝑍 = 𝐼 = 𝑟∠±θ 𝑌 = 𝑉 = 𝑟∠±θ
R 𝑍𝑅 = 𝑅 = 𝑟∠0° 1
𝑌𝑅 = 𝑅
= 𝑟∠0°
L 𝑍𝐿 = 𝑗𝑋𝐿 = 𝑗2π𝑓𝐿 1 1
𝑌𝐿 = − 𝑗𝐵𝐿 = 𝑗 𝑋𝐿
=𝑗 2π𝑓𝐿
= 𝑟∠90° = 𝑟∠ − 90°
C 1 1
𝑍𝐶 =− 𝑗𝑋𝐶 = 𝑗 2π𝑓𝐶
𝑌𝐶 = 𝑗𝐵𝐶 = 𝑗 𝑋𝐶
= 𝑗2π𝑓𝐶
= 𝑟∠ − 90° = 𝑟∠90°
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Performance Tasks

PT 16
Check Your Understanding. Analyze the following given problem statement. Show your
solution. Encircle your final answer. Maximum of ten (10) points will be given for every given problem.
Reduce your answer to two (2) decimal places.

1. In the series–parallel circuit shown below, determine the following values for this circuit:
a. The total admittance
b. Total Conductance
c. Total Susceptance
d. The current drawn from the source
e. Phase angle between the current and voltage.

2. Given that Z1= 200 − j40 Ω and Z2= 60 + j130 Ω,

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Determine:
a. The total admittance
b. Total Conductance
c. Total Susceptance
d. The current drawn from the source
e. Phase angle between the current and voltage.

3. A 100 Ω resistor, a 0.02H inductor and a 1.20µF capacitor are connected series. This circuit is then connected
with a circuit made up of a 110Ω resistor in series with 2.4µF capacitor. A supply of 150V, 60Hz is connected to
the circuit. Determine the total admittance and the current drawn from the supply.

Learning Resources

References
Boylestad, R. (2015). Introductory Circuit Analysis, 13th Edition. Pearson.
Hayt, J. e. (n.d.). Engineering circuit Analysis, 7th Edition. 2007: McGraw-Hill Education.
Romeo A. Rojas, J. (n.d.). 1001 Solved Problems in Electrical Engineering.
Sadiku. (2007). Fundamentals of Electric Circuit, 4th Edition. McGraw-Hill Education.
Theraja, B. L. (2005). A textbook of Electrical Technology Volume 1. S. Chand and Co. Ltd.
V. K. Mehta, R. M. (2008). Basic Electrical Engineering, Revised Edition. S. Chand and Co. Pvt. Ltd.

https://circuitglobe.com/what-is-admittance-method.html
https://www.electrical4u.com/admittance/
https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/textbook/alternating-current/chpt-5/susceptance-and-admittance/

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