Senior High School

Understanding
Culture, Society, and
Politics
Quarter 2 – Module 6
Social and Political
Stratification

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics Grade 11/12
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 6: Social and Political Stratification
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education – Division of Cagayan de Oro City

Schools Division Superintendent: Dr. Cherry Mae L. Limbaco, CESO V
Development Team of the Module

Authors/s: Honey May O. Colaljo, D.M.

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Schools Division Superintendent

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Asst. Schools Division Superintendent
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Office Address: Fr.William F. Masterson Ave., Upper Balulang, Cagayan de Oro City
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ii
 Senior High School

Understanding Culture,
Society, and Politics
Quarter 2 – Module 6
Social and Political
Stratification

This instructional material was collaboratively developed and reviewed

by educators from public schools. We encourage teachers and other education
stakeholders to email their feedback, comments, and recommendations to the
Department of Education at [email protected]

We value your feedback and recommendations.

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

iii
 Table of Contents
COVER PAGE………………………………………………………………………….i
COPYRIGHT PAGE……………………………………………………………………ii
TITLE PAGE……………………………………………………………………………iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS………………………………………………………………iv
WHAT THIS MODULE IS ABOUT……………………………………………………v
WHAT I NEED TO KNOW…………………………………………………………….v
HOW TO LEARN FROM THIS MODULE…………………………………………..vi
ICONS OF THIS MODULE…………………………………………………………..vii
WHAT I KNOW………………………………………………………………………..viii
Lesson 1: Social Desirables/Social Mobility System
What’s In:……………………………………………………………….1
What’s New: It’s Me……………………………………………………2
What is It: Social and Political Stratification ………………………..2
What’s More: Status…………………………………………………..5
Jumbled Letters………………………………………5
What I Have Learned: Power of Three……………………………..6
What I Can Do: From Rags to Riches………………………………7
Summary……………………………………………………………………………….8
Assessment……………………………………………………………………………9
Key to Answers………………………………………………………………………..11
References……………………………………………………………………………..12

iv
What This Module is About
This learning material will help you understand the social categorization of
people in society based on their characteristics. It describes the layering of these
categories into a higher and lower position. The different social classes and the moving
of people from one social status to another are also discussed in this module.

There are activities provided to help you enhance your learning. Much more, it
is exciting to discover your ascribed and achieved statuses in the social structure .

What I Need to Know

At the end of this module, you should be able to:

• Examine stratification from the functionalist and conflict perspectives;

(UCSP11/12HSOI--IIc-30)

v
How to Learn from this Module

The following are your guide for the proper use of this module:

To the Learner:
1. Follow all the instructions in every activity.
2. Answer the pre-test before going over the material to find out what you already
know.
3. Answer all the exercises at the end of every lesson.
4. Review the lesson that you find difficulty to understand. Be resourceful.
5. All answers should be written in the module unless otherwise specified, for
example: a sheet of paper or bond paper.
6. All output should be placed in a folder that will serve as your portfolio. The
output should be arranged in sequential order.
7. Seek assistance from your teacher and parents/guardian.
To the Teacher:
1. Communicate with parents and learners regularly for updates and feedback.
2. You have to make sure that all activities are complied with before accepting
them.
3. You may contextualize or localize your activity as long as it is still within the
boundary of the learning competency.

To the Parents/Guardian:
1. Closely monitor your child’s progress.
2. Do not answer the activities for your child. Just guide them in doing it.
3. Support your child. Talk to him/her about his/her journey with this module.

vi
 Icons of this Module
This part contains learning objectives that
What I Need to Know
are set for you to learn as you go along the
Learning Objectives
module.

This part of the module is an assessment

What I Know? as to your level of knowledge to the
Pre-Assessment subject matter at hand meant to gauge
prior understanding.

What’s In? This part connects the previous lesson

Review Activity with that of the current one.

An introduction to the new lesson through

What’s New?
various activities before it will be presented
Motivational Activity
to you.

These are discussions as a way to deepen

What Is It?
your discovery and understanding of the
Lesson Proper
concept.

These are follow-up activities intended for

What’s More?
you to practice further to master the
Performance Task
competencies.

What I Have Learned? These are activities designed to process

Generalization what you have learned from the lesson.

These are tasks designed to showcase

What I Can Do?
your skills and knowledge gained and
Application
applied to real-life concerns and situations.

This part evaluates your level of mastery in

Assessment
achieving the learning objectives of the
Post-Assessment
lesson.

vii
 What I Know

PRETEST

Multiple Choice. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. It consists of the elite or wealthy families.

a. lower class c. ascribed status
b. upper class d. achieved status

2. It is one in which people are born into their social standing and will remain in it
their whole lives.
a. caste and closed-class system c. middle class
b. open class system d. lower class

3. The individual’s position in the social structure.

a. upper class c. status
b. middle class d. statuses

4. A society’s categorization of people into socioeconomic strata/layer, based on

their occupation and income, wealth and social status, or derived power.
a. vertical mobility c. political stratification
b. horizontal mobility d. social stratification

5. Status earned by the individual.

a. status c. ascribed status
b. achieved status d. statuses

6. The act of moving from one social status to another.

a. social mobility c. social stratification
b. political stratification d. differentiation

7. People in the social class who depend merely on their pay check.
a. middle-class c. upper class
b. lower class d. social class

8. It refers to the evaluation of status.

a. esteem c. differentiation
b. prestige d. stratification

viii
9. The method of relating people in terms of certain social characteristics
and then classifying them into social categories based on their
characteristics.
a. social structure c. differentiation
b. social mobility d. political stratification

10. These are mostly professional people like lawyers, doctors, managers, owners
of small businesses, executives, etc.
a. upper-class c. lower-class
b. social class d. middle class

11. The movement of a person within a social class level.

a. horizontal mobility c. statuses
b. vertical mobility d. status

12. This status is assigned by the society on the basis of some fixed category.
a. Status c. ascribed status
b. achieved status d. statuses

13. The movement of a person between social class levels or another class
a. horizontal mobility c. vertical mobility
b. upper class d. middle class

14. Individuals can change their social class in the society.

a. caste and closed-class system c. social status
b. social class d. open class system

15. It refers to the assessment of our role behaviour.

a. class c. prestige
b. esteem d. status

ix
 Lesson Social Desirables/Social Mobility
System
Learning Competency: Examine stratification from the functionalist

1 and conflict perspectives

(UCSP11/12HSOI--IIc-30)

What’s In

Welcome back! How are you?

Despite of the uncertainties brought by COVID-19 pandemic, we believe that

education must continue. Many questions are yet to be answered; many fears are to
be faced but we firmly hold on to our hope of a better future through education. Amidst
these challenges, here we are taking baby steps at a time onwards to reaching our
dreams.

Before we move on the main topic of this module, please share below your
learning from the module about Education.

I learned that
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________.

1
 What’s New

Activity 1: IT’S ME

Identify five (5) traits/characteristics/qualities that you possess and state which of
these you inherited from your parents and which of these you can change as you grow
up.

Inherited from You want to change

Traits/Characteristics/Qualities parents? when you grow up
(Yes or No) (put a check √ )
1
2
3
4
5

What Is It

Social and Political Stratification

Differentiation is the method of

relating people in terms of a particular
social characteristics and then
classifying them into social categories
based on their characteristics; it does
not involve ranking. For example, we
may differentiate people according to
sex, age, occupation, education, etc.
We then place them in a particular social
category.

The layering of these categories

into the higher and lower position of
prestige or respect is called social
Image: https://bit.ly/2Mz7b0Q
stratification.

2
 Social stratification is a society’s categorization of people into socioeconomic
strata/layer, based on their occupation and income, wealth and social status, or
derived power (social and political).

Three Social Classes

1. The upper class – consists of the elite or wealthy families who are the most
prolific (productive) in their respective areas. They value heritage most over
wealth.
2. The middle class – these are mostly professional people like lawyers, doctors,
managers, owners of small businesses, executives, etc. They value education
most since education to them is the most vital measure of social status.
3. The lower class – these are the office and clerical workers, skilled and
unskilled craftsman, farm employees, underemployed, indigent families, etc.
They depend on their pay check.

Status is the individual’s spot in the social structure. The higher or lower
positions that come about through social stratification are called statuses. For
example, some people are prominent government officials while others are salesmen,
utility workers, etc. This do not relate to the individual themselves but rather to the
position into which they have been placed.

Social Desirables

Any rational individual will always aspire for things that give wealth, power, and
prestige. The ability of an individual to realize such aspiration is forced by situations
where one is born into.

Ascribed statuses are assigned or given by the society or group on the basis
of some fixed category. Examples are sex, family background, ethnicity, etc.

Achieved statuses are earned by the individual. Examples are honours

received in school, good job, award for winning a competition, etc.

Prestige and Esteem

Prestige refers to the evaluation of status. You gain respect according to your
status. For example, being a senior student, you have the prestige of a senior student
at your school. It does not apply directly to you as a person, but rather to the social
category to which you belong (senior class).

Esteem refers to the assessment of our role behavior. The measure of esteem
we have depends on how well we carry out our role. If you perform well, get an
outstanding rating, you get and have a high regard.

Political Stratification

3
 Political stratification is the extent to which inequalities are encapsulated in, or
influenced by political structures and, processes regarding influence, power and
authority.

Social Mobility System/Structure

Social mobility is the act of moving from one social status to another.

Open class system means that individuals can change their social class in the
society. People are free to gain a different level of education or employment than their
parents. They can also socialize with members of other group, which allow people to
move from one class to another.

Caste and closed-class system, people can do little or nothing to change their
social standing. People are born into it and will remain in it. People are assigned
occupations regardless of their talents, interests, or potential.

Types of Social Mobility

Horizontal mobility is the movement of a person within a social class level.

For example, a factory worker who finds a new job as a construction worker.

Vertical mobility is the movement of a person between social class levels or

another class. For example, a factory worker who enrolls in college and becomes a
businessman.

4
 What’s More

Activity 2: STATUS

Based on the concepts in this lesson, list down your ascribed and, achieved
status.

No. Ascribed Status No. Achieved Status

1 1

2 2

3 3

4 4

5 5

Activity 3: JUMBLED LETTERS

Answer the questions by arranging the jumbled letters. Place your answers on
the last column.

No. Question Jumbled Letters Answer

1 The individual’s position in the social TTSASU
structure.
2 The movement of a person between social ARETVIC
class levels or another class. TLOBMIIY
3 Status earned by the individual. EDHCAIV
USTTAS
4 People can do little or nothing to change ETSAC
their social standing. YSETMS
5 Individuals can change their social class in PENO LCSSA
the society TEMYSS

5
 What I Have Learned

Activity 4: POWER OF THREE

Briefly explain what you have learned about the three (3) social classes mentioned
in the concept page.

1. ______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________.

2. ______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________.

3. ______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________.

Rubric for the Activity

Criteria Rating
The answer relates entirely to the assigned topic. 5 4 3 2 1
The answer conveys a genuine personal view regarding the topic. 5 4 3 2 1
The work is original and does not contain plagiarized content. 5 4 3 2 1
Total points (15)

6
 WHAT I CAN DO?

Activity 5: FROM RAGS TO RICHES

1. Research one (1) male or female Filipino who has a “rags to riches” life story.
Include on your research his/her ascribed and achieved status in life. And if
possible, attached picture/s of this person.
2. Use the space below or a long bond paper for your answer.

7
 SUMMARY
• Differentiation is the method of relating people in terms of a particular social
characteristics and then classifying them into social categories based on their
characteristics; it does not involve ranking.

• Social stratification is a society’s categorization of people into socioeconomic

strata/layer, based on their occupation and income, wealth and social status, or
derived power (social and political).

• The three social classes are the upper class, middle class, lower class.

• Status is the individual’s position in the social structure.

• Ascribed status are assigned or given by the society or group on the basis of
some fixed category.

• Achieved statuses are earned by the individual.

• Prestige refers to the evaluation of status.

• Esteem refers to the assessment of our role behaviour.

• Political stratification is the extent to which inequalities are influenced by

political structures and processes regarding influence, power and authority.

• Social mobility is the act of moving from one social status to another.

• Open class system means that individuals can change their social class in the
society.

• Caste and closed-class system, people can do little or nothing to change their
social standing.
•
• Horizontal mobility is the movement of a person within a social class level.

• Vertical mobility is the movement of a person between social class levels or

another class

8
 ASSESSMENT

POSTTEST

Multiple Choice. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. It consists of the elite or wealthy families.

a. lower class c. ascribed status
b. upper class d. achieved status

2. It is one in which people are born into their social standing and will remain in it
their whole lives.
a. caste and closed-class system c. middle class
b. open class system d. lower class

3. The individual’s position in the social structure.

a. upper class c. status
b. middle class d. statuses

4. A society’s categorization of people into socioeconomic strata/layer, based on

their occupation and income, wealth and social status, or derived power.
a. vertical mobility c. political stratification
b. horizontal mobility d. social stratification

5. Status earned by the individual.

a. status c. ascribed status
b. achieved status d. statuses

6. The act of moving from one social status to another.

a. social mobility c. social stratification
b. political stratification d. differentiation

7. People in the social class who depend merely on their pay check.
a. middle-class c. upper class
b. lower class d. social class

8. It refers to the evaluation of status.

a. esteem c. differentiation
b. prestige d. stratification

9. The method of relating people in terms of certain social characteristics

and then classifying them into social categories based on their
characteristics.
a. social structure c. differentiation
b. social mobility d. political stratification

9
10. These are mostly professional people like lawyers, doctors, managers, owners
of small businesses, executives, etc.
a. upper-class c. lower-class
b. social class d. middle class

11. The movement of a person within a social class level.

a. horizontal mobility c. statuses
b. vertical mobility d. status

12. This status is assigned by the society on the basis of some fixed category.
a. Status c. ascribed status
b. achieved status d. statuses

13. The movement of a person between social class levels or another class
a. horizontal mobility c. vertical mobility
b. upper class d. middle class

14. Individuals can change their social class in the society.

a. caste and closed-class system c. social status
b. social class d. open class system

15. It refers to the assessment of our role behaviour.

a. class c. prestige
b. esteem d. status

10
 11
KEY TO ANSWERS
PRETEST
1. b 6. a 11. a
2. a 7. b 12. c
3. c 8. b 13. c
4. d 9. c 14. d
5. b 10. d 15. b
POSTTEST
1. b 6. a 11. a
2. a 7. b 12. c
3. c 8. b 13. c
4. d 9. c 14. d
5. b 10. d 15. b
KEY TO ANSWERS
ACTIVITY 3 JUMBLED WORDS
1. status
2. vertical mobility
3. achieved status
4. caste system
5. open class system
 REFERENCE
Baleña, Ederlina D., Lucero, Dolores M., Peralta, Arnel M. Understanding
Culture, Society, and Politics for Senior High School. Quezon City:
Educational Resources Corporation, 2016.

Contreras, Antonio P., Dela Cruz, Arleigh Ross D., Erasga, Dennis S., Fadrigon,
Cecile C. Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics. Quezon
City: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc., 2016..

"Chapter 9. Social Stratification in Canada – Introduction to Sociology – 1st

Canadian Edition." BC Open Textbooks – Open Textbooks Adapted and
Created by BC Faculty. Last modified November 6, 2014.
https://opentextbc.ca/introductiontosociology/chapter/chapter9-social-
stratification-in-the-united-states/

"8.1 Systems of Stratification – Sociology." Open Textbooks · University of

Minnesota Libraries. Last modified April 8, 2016.
https://open.lib.umn.edu/sociology/chapter/8-1-systems-of-stratification

"Social Mobility | Boundless Sociology." Lumen Learning – Simple Book Production.

Accessed June 14, 2020. https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-
sociology/chapter/social-mobility/

12
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Division of Cagayan de Oro City

Fr. William F. Masterson Ave., Upper Balulang, Cagayan de Oro
Telefax: (08822) 855-0048
E-mail Address: [email protected]
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