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Assignment3 Solution

The ethanol evaporated from liquid to gas and mixed uniformly with the air, changing the system from two phases to one gas phase. Initially there were two phases present but after evaporation the system became a pure substance with one gas phase. The amount of heat transfer needed to change the temperature of refrigerant 22 from -10°C to 40°C in a closed, rigid tank was calculated using property tables and figures. The temperature of propane at 2 bar and 0.307 m3/kg was found to be 333K (60°C) using property tables and 325.6K (52.6°C) using pressure-volume diagrams, with some difference due to assumptions made in the diagrams.

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I190845 Samana Nayyab
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75 views

Assignment3 Solution

The ethanol evaporated from liquid to gas and mixed uniformly with the air, changing the system from two phases to one gas phase. Initially there were two phases present but after evaporation the system became a pure substance with one gas phase. The amount of heat transfer needed to change the temperature of refrigerant 22 from -10°C to 40°C in a closed, rigid tank was calculated using property tables and figures. The temperature of propane at 2 bar and 0.307 m3/kg was found to be 333K (60°C) using property tables and 325.6K (52.6°C) using pressure-volume diagrams, with some difference due to assumptions made in the diagrams.

Uploaded by

I190845 Samana Nayyab
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Assignment #3 Solution

3.4 An open container of pure ethanol (ethyl alcohol) liquid is placed on a table in a room.
Evaporation occurs until all the ethanol is gone. Where did the ethanol go? If the ethanol and the
room air are taken to be a closed system, can the system be regarded as a pure substance during the
process? How many phases are present initially and finally? Explain.

The ethanol evaporated into the room and got mixed with the air in the room.

As there were 2 phases initially so the system is not a pure substance but at the end when ethanol phase
changed from liquid to gas and got mixed with the air uniformly then the system became pure
substance but throughout the process the system cannot be regarded as the pure substance.

Initially there were 2 phases within the closed system and finally the system had vapour phase.

3.9 Complete the following exercises. In each case locate the state on sketches of the T–υ and p–υ
diagrams.

a. Four kg of water at 100°C fills a closed container having a volume of 1 m3. If the water at this state is
a vapor, determine the pressure, in bar. If the water is a two-phase liquid–vapor mixture, determine
the quality.

m= 4 kg; T1=100 °C , V=1 m3 , x=?

v = ¼ = 0.25 m3/kg

From property tables we have vf = 0.0010435 m3/kg, vg= 1.673 m3/kg


𝑣 − 𝑣𝑓 0.25 − 0.0010435
𝑥= = = 0.149
𝑣𝑔 − 𝑣𝑓 1.673 − 0.0010435

b. Ammonia at a pressure of 40 lbf/in2 has a specific internal energy of 308.75 Btu/lb. Determine the
specific volume at the state, in ft3/lb.

P= 40 lbf/in2 , Tsat = 11.65 ° F , u = 308.75 Btu/lb

From property tables we have vf = 0.024 ft3/lbm , vg= 7.041 ft3/lbm

From property tables we have uf = 54.89 Btu/lb, ug= 562.60 Btu/lb


𝑢 − 𝑢𝑓 308.75 − 54.89
𝑥= = = 0.5
𝑢𝑔 − 𝑢𝑓 562.60 − 54.89

𝑣 = 𝑥(𝑣𝑔 − 𝑣𝑓 ) + 𝑣𝑓 = 0.5 (7.041 − 0.024) = 3.5325 𝑓𝑡 3 /𝑙𝑏𝑚


3.35 A closed, rigid tank is filled with water, initially at the critical point. The water is cooled until it
attains a temperature of 400°F. For the water, show the process on a sketch of the T–υ diagram and
determine the heat transfer, in Btu per lb of water

At critical point Tc= 705.44 ° F, Pc= 3208.6 lb/in2 , u1=872.6 Btu /lb, v1= 0.0505

T2=400° F, From property tables we have vf = 0.01864 ft3/lbm , vg=1.866ft3/lbm

From property tables we have uf =1116.6 Btu/lb, ug= 374.3 Btu/lb


𝑣1 − 𝑣𝑓 0.0505 − 0.01864
𝑥= = = 0.0172
𝑣𝑔 − 𝑣𝑓 1.866 − 0.01864
𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑢2 = 𝑥(𝑢𝑔 − 𝑢𝑓 ) + 𝑢𝑓 = 0.0172 (374.3 − 1116.6 ) + 1116.6 = 387.4
𝑙𝑏
𝑄 − 𝑊 = 𝑢2 − 𝑢1
W=0 Therefore
𝑄 = 387.4 − 872.6 = −485.2
System lost 485.19 Btu/lb to the surroundings

3.44 As shown in Fig. P3.44, a closed, rigid tank fitted with a fine-wire electric resistor is filled with
Refrigerant 22, initially at −10°C, a quality of 80%, and a volume of 0.01 m3. A 12-volt battery provides
a 5-amp current to the resistor for 5 minutes. If the final temperature of the refrigerant is 40°C,
determine the heat transfer, in kJ, from the refrigerant.

T1=-10 °C , x= 0.8, V=0.01 m3

T2 = 40 °C
3.62 Determine the volume, in m3, occupied by 2 kg of H2O at 100 bar, 400°C, using

a. data from the compressibility chart.

b. data from the steam tables.

Compare the results of parts (a) and (b) and discuss


3.73 Using Table A-18, determine the temperature, in K and °C, of propane at a state where the
pressure is 2 bar, and the specific volume is 0.307 m3/kg. Compare with the temperature, in K and °C,
respectively, obtained using Fig. A-1. Comment.

From table A-18 when pressure is 2 bar and the specific volume is 0.307 m3/kg, temperature is 60 °C i.e.
333K .
For propane Pc= 42.7 bar, Tc=370 K, M=44.09 kg/mol,

Reduced pressure PR = P/ PC = 2 bar/ 42.7 bar = 0.047


M𝑣
Pseudoreduced volume 𝑣′𝑅 = ̅ 𝑇𝐶 /𝑃𝐶
R

44.09 kg/mol × 0.307𝑚3 /𝑘𝑔


𝑣′𝑅 =
kJ 370K
8.314 ×
kmol. K 42.7bar
𝑣′𝑅 = 18.79
𝑣′𝑅 is much high and PR is very much low therefore it can be regarded as an ideal gas.
𝑃𝑣 𝑃𝑣 𝑃𝑣 2×100 ×0.307
𝑍= →𝑍 = ̅
R
→𝑇 = R̅ →𝑇 = 8.314
𝑅𝑇 𝑇
M M 44.09

T=325.6K → T=52.6 °C

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