Cattle Breeds

INDIGENOUS/ EXOTIC
याक Yak Dairy Draft Dual
Holstein F. Hallikar Hariayana
सिरि Siri
Jersey Amritmahal Kankrej
लुलु Lulu
Ayrshire Malvi Ongole
खैला Khaila
Brown Swiss Nagori Deoni
आछासि Achami
Sahiwal Dangi
पहासि Pahadi Cattle
Red Sindhi Mewati
तिTई Terai cattle
Tharparker Rathi

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 YAK

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Yak
• Bos grunniens and an endangered species of the world.
• Home location is Himalayan region of Nepal, India, Bhutan and
China and raised in 3000 masl
• Yak & cattle and vice versa are crossed to produce hybrids.
• The crosses of yak (Bos grunniens) and local hill cow (Bos
indicus) are called Chauri (Urang and Dimjo) and Jhopkyos
(झोपा).
• The Chauri are more productive than female yak and are more
adaptive to lower altitudes and are reared at the intermediate
zone between cattle and yak.
• Fat: 6.6% , 0.8 kg milk/day, Lactation length- 5 months, sexual
maturity- 4yrs.
• Jhopkyos- sterile and good for transportation as pack animals
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 Siri

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Siri:
• Found in Eastern hills like Ilam, Panchthar.
• They were reared at 1200m above sea level.
• They have undergone cross breeding and are
extinct at pure form
• Can produce up to 6 lts of milk per day.
• The avg. body wt is 286 kg
• They attain sexual maturity at about 3.5yrs.

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 Is it ??

Joshi, N.R., Phillips, R.W. (1953) Zebu Cattle of India and Pakistan, FAO Agriculture Studies No. 19, Publ. by FAO, Rome, 256 pp.

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 Lulu

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Lulu:
• Foung in Mustang, Dolpa and Manang districts
• Humpless cattle – adapted in high altitude, dry
cooler environment
• Hardy and can thrive in harsh condition and
produce in low input system
• Can produce 1 to2 ltr of milk per day
• No. of animal of this animal is being reduced.
• The avg. body wt is 125 kg.

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Khaila:
• Found in Far-western hilly region (Doti,
Dadeldhura and Baitadi of the country)
• Good draught breed
• Larger in size and strongly built.
• Milk: 2.5 kg milk/day in a lactation length of
10 months.
• Sexual maturity 4 yrs.

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Achhami:
• Found in far western region of Nepal
(Achham,Bajhang and Bajura)
• The avg body wt is 124 kg
• Can produce 1-2 ltrs of milk
• Smallest cattle breed in the world
• Known as sano gai.

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Pahadi:
• Dominating cattle breed in Nepal.
• Located across the hills and are good for
draught purpose in the terraced hill condition.
• Used for milk and manure
• Milk: 1.1 kg /day in a lactation length of 240
days
• Black in color and adapted to cool climate.
• Normal from conservation point of view.

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Terai:
• Found at Southern belt
• Bigger in size compared to the hill cattle and
the output of milk and draught are also high
• The avg. body wt is 210 kg
• Not at risk
• Milk: 2.1 kg /day in a lactation length of 246
days.

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 Holstein Friesian (HF)

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Holstein Friesian (HF)
• World’s highest milk yielding breed but fat % is very low.
• Origin is from northern Holland
• largest among the European breeds.
Distinguishing Characters
• Black and white markings and switch is always white.
• Some pure bred animals may be solid black.
• Avg. body wt. of a cow is 675 kg and that of bull is 1000 kg.
• The head is long and narrow.
• large udders
• The calves are stronger, vigours weigh about 40 kg at birth
• Avg. yield is 6150 kg/lactation, with milk fat of 3.4 % (Max record
19000)
• Milk is more used for cheese making as the fat % is low.
• The cows are docile.
• 1/11/2023
The heifers are bred at 18 to 21Acharya
Dr. Rabin months of age. 30
 Jersey

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Jersey
• Origin: Island of Jersey, England.
• Adapted to a wide range of climatic and geographical conditions.
• Smallest of European dairy breeds (Male 675 kg and cow 450kg).
Distinguishing Characters:
• Color: light gray to a very dark fawn or a shade that is almost
black.
• Known for udder qualities-well shaped with strong attachments
• commonly darker about the hips, head and shoulders than on the
body.
• Age at first calving : 26-30 months
• Intercalving – 13-14 months
• lower in milk production in comparision to Holstein but butter fat
& protein is the highest so this breed is economically desirable.
• Milk yield : 5000 kg /lactation (Max 10000kg)
• Fat Percentage 5-5.5 %
• Dairy milk yield is found to be 20 liter whereas cross bred jersey,
cow gives 8-10 liter per day.Dr. Rabin Acharya
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 BROWN SWISS

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Brown Swiss
• Origin: The slopes of the Alps in Switzerland.
• Breed of dairy cattle that produces the second
largest quantity of milk per annum, avg. 5500 kg
(Max. 15000 kg)
• The milk contains on average 4% butterfat and
3.5% protein, making their milk excellent for
production of cheese.
• Known for a long gestation period, immense size,
large furry ears, and an extremely docile
temperament.
• Hardy and capable of subsisting with little care or
feed.
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 Red Sindhi

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Red Sindhi
• The most popular of all Zebu dairy breeds
• Originated in the Sindh province of Pakistan.
• Used for crossbreeding with temperate (European)
origin dairy breeds in many countries to combine
their tropical adaptations (heat tolerance, tick
resistance, disease resistance, fertility at higher
temperatures, etc.) with the higher milk production
found in temperate regions
• The Red Sindhi range in color from a deep reddish
brown to a yellowish red, but most commonly a deep
red.
• Red Sindhi is smaller, rounder, with a more typical
dairy form, and with short,
1/11/2023 curved horns.
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 SAHIWAL

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Sahiwal
• Colour : brown to more predominant red, with varying amounts of
white on the neck, and the underline.
• In males : the colour darkens towards the extremities, such as the
head, legs and tail ; have big hump
• They have height at withers of 136 and 120 cm for males and
females, respectively.
• It is tick-resistant, heat-tolerant and noted for its high resistance
to parasites, both internal and external.
• The Sahiwal is the heaviest milker of all Zebu breeds and average
2270 kg per lactation and display a well developed udder.
• As oxen, they are generally docile and lethargic.
Other characteristics include:
• Ease of calving
• Drought resistant
• Bloat tolerant

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 HARIYANA

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Hariyana
• Origin: East Punjab
• Proportionate and compact body; short horns curving
upward and inward
• Colour: Whit or light grey
• Flat forehead and bony apperance
• Small and sharp ears
• Capacious udder which extends forward and well
developed milk vein
• Black switch reaching just below hock
• Bullock: good working, fast ploughing and road
transport
• Cow: Average milker (1400 kg/ lactation max. 3500 kg)
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 BUFFALO BREED
Indigenous Exotic
Lime Murrah,
(Low & mid hills) Nili ravi,
Parkote Jaffarabadi,
(High & mid hills) Surti,
Gaddi Nagpuri
(Far western hills)
Terai buffalo
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Swamp Buffalo River Buffalo
Bubalus carabenesis Bubalus bubalis
• Origin: Southeast Asia • South Asia
• Horns: Arranged in plane • Curly horns
of head
• Grey with white legs • Completely black
• Chromosome No: 2n=48 • 2n=50
• Usually domesticated for • Domesticated basically
ploughing, draught, meat for milk
purpose not milked
• Wallow in mud, pools • Prefer clean water
• Penis adheres to belly • Penis hangs clear
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Scrotum 10cm long Dr. Rabin Acharya
 Lime buffalo

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Lime buffalo
• Smallest of indigenous breed; Milk: 2-4 lit/day (max. 6
lit/day)
• Age at first breeding: 52 m. ; Age at first calving: 61m.
• Calving interval: 21-22 m.
• Location upto low hills
• Avg wt. 310-315 kg
• light brown with characteristic of gray or white hair below
the jaws and around the brisket, and small sickle shaped
horns curved towards the neck
• They have gray coat color; gray brown or blackish skin
color, black muzzle; grayish, brownish or whitish eye brow;
grayish, brownish or whitish leg markings; whitish chevron
marks around the neck and brisket
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 PARKOTE

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Parkote:
• Mid hills to high hills
• 25 % of indigenous breed (Lime 35%)
• Milk: 3.5 lit/day (1031/lactation)
• Age at first breeding: 52 m.
• Age at first calving: 62m.
• Calving interval: 21-22 m.
• dark in coat color and medium built body size,
with sword-shaped horns directed laterally or
towards the back of the body.
• Black coat color; black skin color; black muzzle;
black eye brow; usually no leg markings; and
chevron marks absent
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 GADDI

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Gaddi
• Bigger in size (452 kg.), better in milk production (3.5 kg.) and
adaptable in harsh feeding system, Location: hills of FWDR
• Age at first breeding: 46 m. & calving interval: 23 m.
• Docile in temperament and well tractable.
• black in coat color (92%), brown and light brown color (4%
each).
• long face and flat head with long curved horns.
• White big patch on forehead is the distinguished feature.
• Horns : long, flat and curved backwards to the neck.
Ears:hanging
• Have tough dewlap and hump is absent.
• Short and strong legs with broad hoofs.
• Tail and switch are long and extended below hock.
• Udder is tough, teats are cylindrical in shape and equal in
placement.
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 TERAI BUFFALO
• Found in Western Terai and in UP of India
• Black to brown color coat, sometimes there is
white blaze on the forehead,
• Tail switch is white.
• Lactation length: 250days,
• Milk yield : 450 kgs
• Milk fat: 6.6 - 8.1 %

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 MURRAH

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Murrah
• Origin: Punjab and Delhi (Also called as Delhi buffalo)
• Massive frame with short and broad back, light neck
and head
• Tightly curved horns, well developed udders, long tail
with switch reaching fetlock
• Short and massive limbs with good bone, broad
hoofs and drooping quatres
• Colour: Jet black with marking on tail, face and
extremities
• Soft skin with scanty hairs
• Wt: bull-550 kg and female-450 kg
• Milk: 1400-2000kg with 7% fat; lactation: 9-10 m.
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 NILI RAVI

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Nili-ravi
• Origin: Punjab Province of Pakistan.
• Color: Black
• Avg. wt. at maturity: 800 kg (male) and 525 kg (fem.)
• Wedge shape, massive frame, small curly horns.
• They often have white markings on the forehead,
face, muzzle and legs and white switch of tail.
• Large, strong udder and are generally docile.
• Average age at maturity is 30 months in males and
36 months in females.
• milk yield /lactation: 2000kg, lactation length: 320
days,
• calving interval : 450 days.
• Bullocks used for draught purpose.
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 JAFRABADI

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Jafrabadi
• It is found in pure form in Jafrabad in Gujrat.
• Body is large but not compact, head and neck is
massive, forehead is prominent and has black
color.
• Horn is heavy inclined to drop on each side of neck
turning upward.
• Udder well developed.
• Average milk yield 1800-2700 kg per lactation.
• Males are used for draft.
• Calving interval is 480 days.
• Average body weight is 455kg.

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 SURTI

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Surti
• Origin: Gujrat of India
• Body: wedged shaped and medium sized
• Head: rounded between horn and broader
• Horns: Sickle shaped
• Color: Black or brown, some time white color at
brisket
• Tail: with white tuft, back straight
• Average milk yield: 1800 kg/lactation
• Average lactation length: 350 days
• Average calving interval: 460 days
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