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Physical Science
Quarter 3 – Module 7:
Energy Sources
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Physical Science – Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – Module 7: Energy Sources
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

SENIOR HS MODULE DEVELOPMENT TEAM

Author : Marites T. Domingo

Co-Author – Language Editor : Eloisa A. Irasga
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Physical Science
Quarter 3 – Module 7:
Energy Sources
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Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each

SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you
need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of
the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check
you’re learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that
you will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can
best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part
of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And
read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.

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What I Need to Know

In our everyday lives, it would almost not be possible to accomplish tasks

without spending an amount of energy. Have you run a tricycle or any vehicle before?
How did it work? While watching television, have you wondered what powers it on?
These all work because of energy! You can continue learning more about energy
sources using this module. So, continue reading!

At the end of this module, you are expected to:

1. Describe how energy is harnessed from different sources: (a) fossil fuels, (b)
biogas, (c) geothermal, (d) hydrothermal, (e) batteries, (f) solar cells, and (g)
biomass. (S11/12PS-IIIf-h-25)

2. Identify the advantages and disadvantages of each energy sources

(S11/12PS-IIIf-h-25)

3. Express awareness on the conservation of our energy sources (S11/12-

PS-IIIf-h-25)

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What I Know

Direction: Read and analyze the following questions. Write the letter of the correct
answer on your answer sheet.
1. Which source of energy is obtained from animal manure that produces
methane needed to generate heat and electricity?
a. geothermal c. biomass
b. hydrothermal d. biogas
2. Which is not an advantage of using Geothermal energy?
a. inexpensive c. environment-friendly
b. clean d. sustainable
3. What do you call the gas mixture produced by biogas when bacteria
decompose the manure?
a. methane c. CO2
b. hexane d. LPG
4. Which converts electricity from chemical potential energy for storage and back
into electrical energy?
a. batteries c. dams
b. solar cells d. geothermal
5. What is the main problem in using fossil fuels?
a. pollution c. limitless
b. geographical difference d. clean and sustainable
6. Which is not a reason why batteries are not been fully integrated in the power
system?
a. performance issue c. regulatory barrier
b. safety issue d. odor pollution
7. Where are solar cells not being used?
a. providing electricity c. providing hot water
b. running mower d. powering spaceships
8. Which is produced from organic material like plants and trees and is used for
heating, cooking, and fuel?
a. biogas c. solar cells
b. biomass d. batteries
9. Which of the following is a fossil fuel?
a. wind c. solar
b. coal d. biomass
10. All of the following are renewable energy source, EXCEPT:
a. solar c. biomass
b. geothermal d. natural gas

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Lesson

1 Energy Sources

In contemporary times, energy sources primarily refer to the wide variety of

fuels used for either heating, generation of electricity, or any other energy conversion
processes.

You may have even learned in your previous grades that there are several
forms of energy. There is one that comes from falling or moving water. Two others
rely on the heat coming from the sun and in the internal heat of the Earth. Indeed,
many forms of energy exist.

Are you ready to dive deeper into stuff about energy sources? Keep reading!

What’s In

Is the difference between renewable and nonrenewable energy sources clear

to you? Let us have a quick recall!
Direction: Classify whether the following is either renewable or nonrenewable. Write
RE if it is renewable and NRE if it is nonrenewable. Write your answers in your
answer sheet.
1. Geothermal 6. Biogas
2. Natural gas 7. Solar
3. Hydropower 8. Ordinary batteries
4. Coal 9. Biomass
5. Oil 10. Wind

What’s New

Have you once imagined being the President of our country? Try the activity
below and let us see how well can you manage such problem.

Direction: Using the information and the template below, answer the activity using
4-6 sentences. Write your response in your answer sheet.

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Topic: Demands on Energy Source

Problem: Like many countries in the world, the Philippines confronts

compound challenges of exponential population growth and rising energy demands.
If you are the President of the country, how would you solve the problem?

If I were the president of the Philippines,……………………………………

What is it?

There are many forms of energy that exist. These energy sources can be
classified into renewable and nonrenewable. Renewable energy sources are
replenished naturally over a short time. On the other hand, a nonrenewable energy
source will run out of supply once consumed because they are only present in limited
amounts.

But, how can we actually harness energy from these sources? To answer this
question, keep reading!

A. Fossil Fuels

Fossil fuels are the general term

used to refer to combustible products
of buried organic matter which
underwent partial decomposition
under extreme temperature and
pressure. These include coal, oil, and
natural gas. The components of fossil
fuels are heated and vaporized to
steam which drives the turbines and
generates electricity.
Oil in the form of gasoline is
used as engine fuel for vehicles and
in generators, lawnmowers, leaf
blowers, and small boat motors.
Heating applications use natural gas and coal. However, fossil fuel is known to
pollute the environment. Its reservoir is limited and will last for 100 years.

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B. Biogas

The source of this is animal

manure. When bacteria decompose
manure anaerobically or without
oxygen into a gas mixture composed of
about 60 to 70 percent methane biogas
is obtained.
This is important in generating
heat, hot water, or electricity. The leftover digested manure can be used as fertilizer,
bedding, mulch, and potting soil. Biogas enables farmers to produce their own
electricity and reduce water contamination, odor pollution, and global warming
emissions caused by animal waste.

C. Geothermal

Geothermal energy is the energy

harnessed from beneath the earth. There is
a high temperature inside the earth’s crust
caused by the slow delay of radioactive
particles. Groundwater will be heated up
by the hot rock which will later produce
steam. The steam moves turbines. The
rotating turbines run the generators.
It is clean, sustainable, and
environment-friendly. The problem with this is it can only be produced at selected
sites worldwide. The largest group of geothermal power plants in the world is located
at The Geysers, a geothermal field in California, United States. In the Philippines,
some geothermal power plants include Makiling-Banahaw (MakBan) Geothermal
Power Plant in Laguna, Leyte Geothermal Power Plant in Leyte, and Tiwi Geothermal
Power plant in Tiwi, Albay.

D. Hydrothermal

Hydrothermal energy refers to the

heat obtained from hot water from
hydrothermal vents or seawater in contact
with hot rock beds. Hot water from
hydrothermal vents is collected into a heat
exchanger. The heat from the water is
transferred to another fluid which
evaporates and drives the turbines to
generate electricity.

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E. Batteries
Batteries are devices that store and convert
chemical energy into electrical energy. The energy
produced results from a chemical reaction; however,
they do not have carbon dioxide emissions.
When it is connected to an external circuit,
electrolytes move within the battery, and the
chemical reactions are completed at the two
terminals of the battery. The movement of electrons generates the current and sends
electricity to the external circuit.
For households, batteries can be used to provide back- up power in case of
blackouts. Batteries are not considered as major energy supply because of
performance and safety issues, regulatory barriers, the resistance of utilities, and
cost.

F. Solar Cells
These devices are made up of elemental
silicon. Photovoltaic cells or solar cells convert
sunlight into electricity. Light energy is
collected over panels. The collected energy can
be stored in batteries or can be directly
converted to electrical energy.
Solar batteries power spaceships and
are used to provide electricity for weather
instruments in remote areas. Large solar
panel fields are often used in the desert to
charge small substations, and many homes
use solar systems to provide for hot water,
cooling and supplement their electricity.
The problem with solar cells is only certain part of the world get enough direct
power of the sun to generate usable power from this source because of its
geographical location. Aside from that solar energy storage is expensive, weather
dependent, and uses a lot of space. Solar energy reduces electricity bills and a
renewable source of energy.

G. Biomass
This uses organic material
like crops, plants, trees, yard
clippings, wood chips, and animal
wastes and is commonly used
throughout the world. The
materials are burnt to generate
heat. The heat produced can be
directly used to do daily chores
like cooking food and boiling
water. By burning the biomass in
a boiler, the generated heat is used to produce steam which drives the turbines to
produce electricity. One of its issues is that it produces a large amount of carbon
dioxide in the atmosphere. This causes air pollution.

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What’s More

After reading What Is It, how did you find the answers to the questions earlier?
Let us see what you have by doing this activity!
Direction: Complete the table by providing the necessary information.

Energy Source How energy is harnessed?

1. Fossil fuels
2. Biogas
3. Geothermal
4. Hydrothermal
5. Solar
6. Batteries
7. Biomass

What I Have Learned

Direction: Identify which energy source is described in each item. Write the answer
on a separate sheet of paper.
1. This involves the conversion of sunlight into electrical energy using mirrors
and boilers or photovoltaic cells, commonly seen on house roofs.
2. This uses pipes buried about 1 meter deep in the earth. Water is pumped
through the pipes to transfer the heat indoors. a turbine inside a generator to
produce electricity.
3. This involves the use of natural materials like trees and plants to make
electricity. It can also use waste products which produce methane
4. This refers to the heat obtained from hot water from seawater in contact with
hot rock beds and produces electricity
5. These are devices that store and convert chemical energy into electrical
energy. The energy produced results from a chemical reaction.

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What I Can Do

Answer the following questions on a sheet of paper.

1. Fossil fuels will face a shortage of supply in the next 50 years. How can this
affect the industries that depend on fossil fuels? How can we respond to this
crisis?
2. How would a community be affected by a geothermal resource, such as a hot
spring near them?
3. Hydroelectric power plants are distributed in different locations in the
Philippines. The majority of these power plants are situated in the
mountainous regions of Benguet and in areas of Mindanao. What do you
think are the features of these regions that make them good locations for
hydroelectric power plants?

Assessment

Direction: Read and analyze the following questions. Write the letter of the correct
answer on your answer sheet.
1. It is an energy source derived from the decomposition of bacteria in animal
manure into a gas mixture composed of methane gas.
a. biomass c. geothermal
b. biogas d. batteries
2. This source of energy uses organic material like crops, plants, trees, yard
clippings, wood chips, and animal wastes and is harnessed for heating and
cooking in homes and as a fuel in industrial production.
a. biomass c. geothermal
b. biogas d. batteries
3. Which energy source convert sunlight into electricity and is used to power
spaceships and provide electricity for weather instrument, provide for hot
water, cooling and supplement electricity and is a renewable source of energy.
a. batteries c. hydrothermal
b. geothermal d. solar cells
4. These can be obtained from natural gas, coal, and oil. These supply power
the industries, vehicles, generators, etc. This source of energy is known to
pollute the environment.
a. hydrothermal c. fossil fuels
b. geothermal d. Biomass

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5. Which of the following explains how energy is harnessed from fossil fuels?
a. Hot water from hydrothermal vents is collected into a heat exchanger. The
heat from the water is transferred to another fluid which evaporates and
drives the turbines to generates electricity.
b. The components are heated and vaporized to steam which drives the
turbines and generate electricity.
c. The materials are burnt to generate heat.
d. When it is connected to an external circuit, electrolytes move within the
battery, and the chemical reactions are completed at the two terminals of
the battery. The movement of electrons generate the current and sends
electricity to the external circuit.

Additional Activities

Identify the correct answer by arranging the letters in the boxes corresponding the
sources of energy. Write the answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Convert electricity for chemical potential energy for storage and back to electrical
energy A E E B E T I R T

2. Produced from organic material and is used for heating, cooking, and as fuel in
industrial production

A I B S M S O

3. Provide power from natural gas, coal, and oil

S O F S L I S L E U F

4. Harness energy from sunlight and produce electricity

O L R A S E C S L L

5. It uses the heat from the water which is transferred to another fluid
and drives the turbines to generate electricity.

Y L A H M R O H R T E D

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What’s More:
1.fossil fuels-buried organic matter
produces coal, oil and natural gas
2. Biogas- animal manure produces
methane which generates heat and
electricity
3. geothermal- heat from the earth
produces steam and generate
electricity
Additional Activities:
4. hydrothermal-heat from seawater
evaporates, drives turbines and
1. Batteries
generate electricity
2. Biomass
5. solar- elemental silicon converts 3. Fossil fuels
sunlight into electricity 4. Solar Cells
5. Hydrotherm
6. batteries- device that store and al
convert chemical energy into electricity
7. biomass – organic matter are
burnt, generate
Assessment:
What I Can Do;
What’s New 1. B
2. A Answers vary
Answers vary
3. D
4. C
5. B
What’s In: What I Know:
1. RE 10.RE 1. D 10.C
2. NRE 2. A
3. RE 3. A
4. NRE 4. A
5. NRE 5. A
6. RE 6. C
7. RE 7. B
8. NRE 8. B
9. RE 9. B
10. RE 10. A
Answer Key
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References

Research, Energy. 2020. "Energy Sources Research - Activity". TeachEngineering.org.

https://www.teachengineering.org/activities/view/cla_activity2_energy
_sources_research.

Caballes, Dennis G. Physical Science, Pasay City, Philippines: JFS Publishing

Services, 2016

Wallpaper Flare, 2020. Petron Gas Station. [image] Available at:

<https://www.wallpaperflare.com/petron-gas-station-petrol-station-
pump-petroleum-fuel-refueling-wallpaper-zwpyc> [Accessed 23 July
2020].

needpix.com, 2019. Biogas Container. [image] Available at:

<https://www.needpix.com/photo/1191810/biogas-container-lazy-
natural-gas-produce-of-course> [Accessed 23 July 2020].

Gonzalez, M., 2006. Puhagan Geothermal Plant. [image] Available at:

<https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Puhagan_geothermal_plant
.jpg> [Accessed 23 July 2020].

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<https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Gunnuhver#/media/File:Gunn
uhver_5.jpg> [Accessed 23 July 2020].

Alexei_other, 2020. [image] Available at: <https://pixabay.com/photos/battery-

alkaline-batteries-charge-4909976/> [Accessed 23 July 2020].

2017. Solar-Cells-708178_1920. [image] Available at:

<https://www.flickr.com/photos/151836356@N08/35291389141>
[Accessed 23 July 2020]

2017. [image] Available at:

<https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Biomass_Cogeneration_Sch
ema.png> [Accessed 23 July 2020].

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Department of Education – Region III,

Schools Division of Bataan - Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resources Management and Development Section (LRMDS)

Provincial Capitol Compound, Balanga City, Bataan

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Email Address: [email protected]