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he decade of the 1970s was in many ways a continuation of the

late 1960s with respect to social trends. The activists of the


1960s crusaded for social justice in the 1970s, gaining new
freedoms for women, Native Americans, Hispanic Americans,
homosexuals, the elderly, and other ethnic and minority groups.

Of all the movements, women's liberation remained the most


controversial and far-reaching. In the 1970s, women's groups
tried to create a more open and nurturing society. To achieve
this, they demanded and won access to male-dominated
business and universities. Woman also made inroads into
politics at the local, state, and national levels. They became
doctors, lawyers, teachers, priests, scientists, writers, plumbers,
dock workers, pilots, stockbrokers, and sports heroes. By
breaking down employment barriers and expanding
opportunities, women transformed the character of the
American family.

Women's liberation and other social-justice movements became


the focus of heated opposition. Conservatives were
uncomfortable with the changing American society of the 1970s,
especially those changes initiated by the youth counterculture of
the 1960s. They believed these changes caused social
problems such as a rise in the crime rate, a greater number of
poor people, a less motivated work force, and a decline in moral
values.

Trying to swing the social pendulum back from the far left,
conservatives were joined by former liberal Democrats, a group
that became known as neoconservatives. These "new"
conservatives, while retaining their liberal views on certain
matters, were disturbed by certain social reforms of the 1960s,
which they believed went too far. These groups together called
for a return to what they called cultural traditionalism.

Joining conservatives and neoconservatives in their fight


against social change in America were various religious groups,
which began to wield significant political power. With three
recessions, double-digit inflation, and double-digit
unemployment, the 1970s was a period of economic upheaval.
Facing an uncertain future, many Americans were drawn to the
stability of traditional values and fundamentalist Christian
teachings.

away from the problems of society, focusing on themselves


instead. Seeking to fill their lives with meaning, they
experimented with exercise, psychotherapy, health food, and
alternative religions. In their search for spiritual fulfillment, many
people began to follow the teachings of self-anointed prophets
and spiritual gurus. Although some of these spiritual leaders
were legitimate, others were unethical con men, using their
followers' financial contributions to fund a lavish personal
lifestyle. A few were dangerous madmen, leading their
unsuspecting believers to their death.

Almost all aspects of American society in the 1970s were


marked by a restlessness and a questioning of traditional
authority. From public protest movements to personal fashion,
people sought a means of self-expression. Breaking traditional
fashion rules, women and men experimented with how they
looked: They combined separates rather than wearing suits,
drew influences from other cultures and time periods, wore
pants or dresses, threw away ties and jackets, and walked
around in athletic wear. Throughout the decade, people dressed
however they wanted, and what they wanted most was comfort
and a unique style.

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