STEEL DESIGN
BEAMS – Part 1
Asst. Prof. Dr. Mohammad Reza Bagerzadeh Karimi
Civil Engineering Department
Cyprus International University
Asst. Prof. Dr. Mohammad Reza Bagerzadeh karimi
Contents
- Introduction
- Flexure strength
- Bending stress and plastic moment
- Example
Asst. Prof. Dr. Mohammad Reza Bagerzadeh karimi
Introduction
• Beams are structural members that support transverse loads and are therefore
subjected primarily to Flexure or bending.
• If a substantial amount of axial load is also present, the member is referred to as a
beam–column.
Asst. Prof. Dr. Mohammad Reza Bagerzadeh karimi
Asst. Prof. Dr. Mohammad Reza Bagerzadeh karimi
Asst. Prof. Dr. Mohammad Reza Bagerzadeh karimi
A hot-rolled doubly-symmetric I A welded doubly-symmetric
shape built up I shape
Asst. Prof. Dr. Mohammad Reza Bagerzadeh karimi
Types of steel built of beams
Asst. Prof. Dr. Mohammad Reza Bagerzadeh karimi
Typical floor system
• Beams / Girders are horizontal members
supporting slabs
• They resist both gravity and / or lateral load
• Girders span between columns, beams span
between girders
Asst. Prof. Dr. Mohammad Reza Bagerzadeh karimi
Common ranges of span
Asst. Prof. Dr. Mohammad Reza Bagerzadeh karimi
Girders can be either Moment-
connected or shear connected
Asst. Prof. Dr. Mohammad Reza Bagerzadeh karimi
Connected to slabs through shear stud for composite action
Asst. Prof. Dr. Mohammad Reza Bagerzadeh karimi
Open web beams allow services to pass through holes they may be weaker in shear,
used for long spans
Asst. Prof. Dr. Mohammad Reza Bagerzadeh karimi
Spray fireproofing using a gypsum based plaster providers a layer of insulation to
retard heat flow into structural steel elements
Asst. Prof. Dr. Mohammad Reza Bagerzadeh karimi
Flexure Strength
Asst. Prof. Dr. Mohammad Reza Bagerzadeh karimi
For flexure, the required and available strengths are moments:
For load and resistance factor design (LRFD)
Design strength
or
design moment
Asst. Prof. Dr. Mohammad Reza Bagerzadeh karimi
For allowable strength design (ASD)
Asst. Prof. Dr. Mohammad Reza Bagerzadeh karimi
Bending stress
and
the plastic Moment
Asst. Prof. Dr. Mohammad Reza Bagerzadeh karimi
Asst. Prof. Dr. Mohammad Reza Bagerzadeh karimi
The Collapse Mechanism in determinate structure
Asst. Prof. Dr. Mohammad Reza Bagerzadeh karimi
• In a simple supported beam which is subjected to a concentrated load in the
middle of the span, by increasing the load and reaching to the Pn load level,
Plastic hinge will be created where there is maximum moment and cause the
structure unstable.
• Increasing the load will damage the structure and the maximum load, will be the
nominal load of the structure (Pn) which is tolerable by the structure.
Thus, the structure which is
statically determinate by creating
plastic hinge the structure will be
unstable.
Asst. Prof. Dr. Mohammad Reza Bagerzadeh karimi
The Collapse Mechanism in indeterminate structure
• In an indeterminate structure, after the formation of a plastic hinge, if the structural
geometry of the whole system allows, it will be possible to increase the load without
destroying the structure.
• When increasing the load on the plastic hinge, it acts exactly like a real joint, it will not be
able to withstand the additional moment, so the distribution of the moment in the
structure will occur.
• By forming more plastic hinges and reaching the required number of them, the structure
will be damaged.
• The arrangement of the plastic and the actual hinges that cause the structure to collapse
is called the mechanism.
• In indeterminate structures, more than one plastic hinge must usually be created to
break down the structure.
• In plastic analysis, all possible failure mechanisms should be considered to determine the
correct failure mechanism for the least amount of load.
Asst. Prof. Dr. Mohammad Reza Bagerzadeh karimi
• By creating three plastic hinges
mechanism will be occurred in a beam
with both ends fixed,
• In a beam with one end fixed and other
end pinned, mechanisms will be
occurred by creating two plastic hinges.
Asst. Prof. Dr. Mohammad Reza Bagerzadeh karimi
Asst. Prof. Dr. Mohammad Reza Bagerzadeh karimi
Asst. Prof. Dr. Mohammad Reza Bagerzadeh karimi
Shape factor:
Asst. Prof. Dr. Mohammad Reza Bagerzadeh karimi
Plastic Modulus: Unsymmetrical shape
Asst. Prof. Dr. Mohammad Reza Bagerzadeh karimi
Example
Asst. Prof. Dr. Mohammad Reza Bagerzadeh karimi
Asst. Prof. Dr. Mohammad Reza Bagerzadeh karimi
Asst. Prof. Dr. Mohammad Reza Bagerzadeh karimi
Asst. Prof. Dr. Mohammad Reza Bagerzadeh karimi
Asst. Prof. Dr. Mohammad Reza Bagerzadeh karimi
Asst. Prof. Dr. Mohammad Reza Bagerzadeh karimi
