Vibration Introduction2

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Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology

MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS
Introduction

M. E. HOQUE
Professor
Department of Mechatronics Engineering
c D J Ewins 1998
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Mechanical Vibrations

Vibration Analysis Procedures


Steps:
(1) Mathematical Modeling
(2) Derivation of governing equation
(3) Solution of governing equation
(4) Interpretation of results
Methods for Equation of Motion or Frequency
(1) Newton’s 2nd law of Motion/Equilibrium method
(2) Principle of Conservation of Energy
(3) D ‘Alembert’s Principle
(4) Principle of Virtual Displacement
c D J Ewins 1998
Page 2
Mechanical Vibrations

Newton’s 2nd Law of Motion

Mass m is displaced and released after time t,

Restoring force= W-k(δ+x) = -kx


Accelerating force = ma = mx
Hence, mx   kx mx  kx  0
k
x  x0
m
Comparing with the fundamental equation of SHM
k
x   2 x  0 is  rad/s
m
2
Time period, 
 1 1 k
Natural Frequency, f   Hz
 2 m
c D J Ewins 1998
Page 3
Mechanical Vibrations

Principle of Conservation of Energy

For conservative system


No energy is transferred to the system or from the system

T+U =Constant
d
(T U )  0
dt
1 2
KE, T  2 mx (due to its velocity)
1 2
PE, U mx (due to elastic deformation)
2

mx  kx  0
d
(T U )  0
dt

c D J Ewins 1998
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Mechanical Vibrations

Prob.10
Solution:
(a) For static equilibrium mgr  kr 0 r
(b) For the mass, m
Newton’s second law of motion
 F  ma
mg  T  mx T  mg  mx

For the Pulley, M 1


J  Mr 2
 M  J  Tr  kr (   )  r  J
0
2
1
(mg  mx)r  kr (  0 )  r  Mr 2
2

c D J Ewins 1998
Page 5
Mechanical Vibrations

1
(mg  mx)r  kr (   0 )  r  Mr 2
2
x  r
1
mgr  mxr  kr   kr  0  Mr 2
2 2
x  r
2
1
Mr 2  mxr  kr 2  0 mgr  kr 20
2
1
Mr 2  mr 2  kr 2  0
2
1
( Mr 2  mr 2 )  kr 2  0
2
k
n  rad/s
M
m
2
c D J Ewins 1998
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Mechanical Vibrations

Prob.10
Solution:
Energy Method:
1 2 1 2
KE of mass+KE of pulley  mx  J
2 2
1 2 2 1 2
 mr   J
2 2
1 1
PE  kx  kr 2 2
2

2 2

Since total energy of the system remains unchanged


d
( KE  PE)  0
dt
c D J Ewins 1998
Page 7
Mechanical Vibrations

Prob.10
Solution:
Energy Method:
d
( KE  PE)  0
dt
mr 2  J  kr 2  0
(mr 2  J  kr 2 )  0
mr 2  J  kr 2  0
2
kr k
   0 n  rad/s
J  mr 2
M
m
2
c D J Ewins 1998
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Mechanical Vibrations

Prob. 7
Solution:
Cross-sectinal area = A
Column length = L
Density = ρ T  KE 
1 2 1
mx  LAx 2
2 2
m  AL
F mg 2 Axg 1 1
k   U  PE  kx2  .2 Ag.x 2
x x x 2 2

d
( KE  PE)  0
dt 2g
n  rad/s
LAxx  2 Axx  0 L
x  (2 g / L) x  0

c D J Ewins 1998
Page 9

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