DİLKO

GRAMMAR
STEP BY STEP

Nizamettin ER
Birol ÇETİNKAYA
Berrin KODALAK
E. Merve KESKİN
Aygehan ÇAK

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ISBN: 978-605-4863-47-1

Baskı Yeri: Doğa Basım (Sertifika No: 25642)

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İkitelli - Başakşehir / İSTANBUL
Tel: 0(212) 407 0 900 (pbx)

Baskı Tarihi: Ağustos 2016

Yayımlayan: Moya Modern Yayınlar ve Eğt. Hiz. Tic. Ltd.Şti. (Sertifika No: 19955)
Eğitim Mah. Poyraz Sok. No:18 Hasanpaşa / İSTANBUL
Tel: 0(216) 450 60 30

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 İÇİNDEKİLER
4. The Past Continuous Tense.................... 45
PRONOUNS I / he / she / it was sleeping, we / you /
they were sleeping
Introduction............................................................... 10
5. The Simple Future Tense ......................... 48
A. WILL
1. Subject Pronouns ..................................... 10
B. BE GOING TO
I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they
I / you / he / she / it / we / they will learn
2. Object Pronouns........................................ 10 I am going to study, he / she / it is going
me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them to study, we / you / they are going to
study
3. Possessive Adjectives.............................. 12
my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their 6. The Future Continuous Tense............... 51
I / you / he / she / it / we / they will be
4. Possessive Pronouns............................... 12 watching
mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours,
theirs KONUYLA İLGİLİ ÖNEMLİ AYRINTILAR ................ 53
sıklık zarfları
5. Reflexive Pronouns.................................. 14 - always, often, usually, generally,
myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, sometimes, seldom, rarely, never
ourselves, yourselves, themselves was / were going to do something
will
6. The Pronoun ‘ONE’....................................... 16 shall
one, ones
7. Forms of ‘OTHER’............................................ 16
other, the other PERFECT TENSES
others, the others 7. The Present Perfect Tense.................... 56
another I / you / we / they have worked, he /
each other / one another she / it has worked
one after the other / one after another
every other 8. The Present Perfect
Continuous Tense....................................... 59
8. Indefinite Pronouns.................................. 20 I / you / we / they have been cleaning,
somebody, everybody, nobody, anybody he / she / it has been cleaning
(someone, everyone, no one, anyone)
something, everything, nothing, 9. The Past Perfect Tense............................ 62
anything I / you / he / she / it / we / they had
somewhere, everywhere, nowhere, gone
anywhere
10. The Past Perfect Continuous Tense... 63
KONUYLA İLGİLİ ÖNEMLİ AYRINTILAR ................ 24 I / you / he / she / it / we / they had
that of, those of been waiting
double possessive
one, oneself 11. The Future Perfect Tense...................... 66
this, that, these, those I / you / he / she / it / we / they will have
visited
Tests................................................................ 30
12. The Future Perfect
Continuous Tense....................................... 67
I / you / he / she / it / we / they will have
TENSES been searching
KONUYLA İLGİLİ ÖNEMLİ AYRINTILAR ................ 69
SIMPLE TENSES time clauses
(when, after, before, as soon as, while,
Introduction............................................................... 38 as, by the time, until, till, as long as,
once, whenever, every time, the first
1. The Simple Present Tense....................... 38
time, the last time, the next time)
I / you / we / they go, he / she / it goes
since / for
2. The Present Continuous Tense............ 40 it’s time / it’s high time
I am walking, he / she / it is walking, we - It’s time / high time we went home
/ you / they are walking by / by the time
been to / gone to
3. The Simple Past Tense............................... 44
I / you / he / she / it / we / they drank Tests................................................................ 80
 MODALS PASSIVE & CAUSATIVE

Introduction............................................................... 88 Introduction............................................................... 124

1. Yetenek (Ability).......................................... 88 1. FORMING PASSIVE........................................... 124
can, could, be able to
was / were able to 2. TENSE AND MODAL USAGE IN PASSIVE ....... 124

2. Zorunluluk / Gereklİlİk 3. IT IS SAID THAT ... HE IS SAID TO ... .............. 129

(Obligation / Necessity)............................ 90 It is said that he lives in İstanbul.
must, have to, have got to, need to He is said to live in İstanbul.
mustn’t, don’t have to 4. CAUSATIVE........................................................ 133
had to get something done by somebody
need to, needn’t / don’t need to get somebody to do something
didn’t need to do, needn’t have done have something done by somebody
3. Yasaklama (Prohibition) ........................... 93 have somebody do something
can’t, couldn’t, mustn’t, may not, make somebody do something
be not allowed to let somebody do something
wasn’t / weren’t allowed to help somebody (to) do something

4. Tahmİn / Çıkarım (Deduction) ................... 94 KONUYLA İLGİLİ ÖNEMLİ AYRINTILAR ................ 135
will, must, should, may, might, could, by / with / in
must not, can’t verbs with two objects
passive questions with who / whom /
5. Rİca / İzİn (Request / Permission) .......... 97 which
may, can, could, might, be allowed to be made to do something
will, would, can, could get + V3
do you mind doing ...? adjectives ending in -ing or -ed
do you mind if ...? subjunctive
would you mind doing ...?
would you mind if ...? Tests................................................................ 142
6. Tavsİye (Advice)............................................. 98
should, ought to, had better
7. Tercİh (Preference).................................. 99
would rather, would prefer
CONJUNCTIONS
would sooner
Introduction............................................................... 150
8. Beklentİ (Expectation) ............................. 101
be supposed to, be to 1. Zarf Cümlecİğİ Bağlaçları
(Subordinating Conjunctions) ............. 150
9. Teklİf / Önerİ (Offer / Suggestion) ...... 102
can I / we ...?, would you like to ...?, A. Zaman Bİldİren Zarf Cümlecİğİ
would you like me to ...?, could I / we ...? Bağlaçları (Subordinating
why don’t we ...?, let’s, shall I / we ...?, Conjunctions of Time) ............................. 150
how / what about ...? after, before, as, as / so long as, as
soon as, just as, just after, just before
KONUYLA İLGİLİ ÖNEMLİ AYRINTILAR ................ 103
once, since, when, every time,
be able to / have to
whenever, by the time, while, until / till
used to / would
the next time, the first time, the last
be used to / get used to
time, the moment (that)
could have, might have, should have,
ought to have B. Sebep veya Amaç Bİldİren Zarf
could have + V3 / might have + V3 Cümlecİğİ Bağlaçları
couldn’t have + V3 / might not have + V3 (Subordinating Conjunctions
was / were to have + V3 - was / were of Reason or Purpose)............................ 152
supposed to have + V3 as / since / because / on the grounds
dare that / inasmuch as (=insofar as) /
would now that / seeing that (=seeing as)
so / such that
Tests................................................................ 116 so that / in order that
for fear (that) / lest
in that, in view that
C. Zıtlık veya Beklenmeyen Sonuç on the contrary
Bİldİren Zarf Cümlecİğİ Bağlaçları instead
(Subordinating Conjunctions of anyway
Contrast or Unexpected Result) ....... 157 after all
although / even though / though / while above all
/ much as / notwithstanding in fact / indeed / as a matter of fact /
while / whereas actually
sıfat / zarf + as on the whole / all in all
sıfat / zarf + though in conclusion / to conclude / to sum up
no matter what / how / where / when / in brief / briefly / in summary / in short
whatever / however / wherever / similarly / likewise / in the same way
whenever meanwhile / in the meantime / at the
even if same time
when otherwise / or (else)
moreover / what is more / furthermore
D. Koşul Bİldİren Zarf Cümlecİğİ / besides / in addition / also
Bağlaçları for instance / for example / to illustrate
(Subordinating Conjunctions of in other words / that is / that is to say /
Condition) ..................................................... 160 namely / specifically
if, only if, unless, as long as / so long at first
as, providing (that), provided (that) at last / eventually / finally / in the end
on condition (that), in the event that, in afterwards / later / then / next /
case, in case of, supposing subsequently
in particular / particularly
2. Koordİnasyon Bağlaçları
(Coordinating Conjunctions) ............... 163 6. Zarf Cümlecİklerİnİn Kısaltılması
but, and, or, nor, so, yet, for (Reduction of Adverbial Clauses) ...... 174
Zarf cümleciği bağlacının atıldığı
3. Eşlİ Bağlaçlar
kısaltmalar
(Paired Conjunctions)............................... 163
Zarf cümleciği bağlacının atılmadığı
neither ... nor, either ... or, both ... and
kısaltmalar
not only ... but also / as well, whether
... or, whether ... or not KONUYLA İLGİLİ ÖNEMLİ AYRINTILAR ................ 177
as long as
4. Bağlaç İşlevİ Gören Edatlar
by the time / by
(Conjunctive Prepositions) ................... 165
by the time / until
because of / due to / on the grounds of
as
/ owing to / on account of
while
/ as a result of / as a consequence of /
for
in view of
thanks to
thanks to
such as
by means of
now that
instead of / rather than
for fear that / lest
such as / like
for fear of
unlike
notwithstanding
for fear of
no sooner ... than - hardly / scarcely ...
except for / apart from / aside from
when
but for
as if / as though
in the event of / in case of
in order to / so as to
as of / as to / as for
regardless of
Tests................................................................ 188
with respect to / with regard to /
concerning / as regards
in terms of
as well as / in addition to / besides
in spite of / despite / notwithstanding /
for all ADJECTIVE CLAUSES (Relative Clauses)
as opposed to / contrary to
Introduction............................................................... 196
5. Bağlaç İşlevİ Gören Zarflar
(Conjunctive Adverbs).............................. 169 1. WHO / WHICH.................................................... 196
therefore / consequently / for this
2. Types of Adjective Clauses...................... 197
reason / as a result
/ as a consequence / that’s why / 3. WHOM................................................................ 198
accordingly / thus / hence / thereby 4. WHOSE.............................................................. 199
however / nevertheless / nonetheless /
even so / still / all the same 5. WHERE.............................................................. 200
on the other hand 6. WHEN................................................................. 201
in contrast / conversely
7. QUANTIFIERS WITH 12. PARTICIPLE....................................................... 246
RELATIVE PRONOUNS..................................... 202 a. present participle (knowing)
b. past participle (supported)
8. USING ‘WHICH’ TO MODIFY
c. perfect participle (having seen)
THE WHOLE SENTENCE.................................. 202
d. perfect participle passive (having been told)
9. WHY................................................................... 203
13. ZARF CÜMLECİĞİ BAĞLACININ
10. EMPHATIC STRUCTURES IN
ATILDIĞI KISALTMALAR.................................... 248
RELATIVE CLAUSES......................................... 205
11. Defining & Non-defining Adjective 14. ZARF CÜMLECİĞİ BAĞLACININ
Clauses........................................................... 206 ATILMADIĞI KISALTMALAR.............................. 249
12. Reduction of Adjective Clauses
(Sıfat Cümlecİklerİnİn Kısaltılması) .... 207 Tests................................................................ 256

Tests................................................................ 218

NOUN CLAUSES

Introduction............................................................... 264
GERUND & INFINITIVE & PARTICIPLE
1. TYPES OF nouns clauses.......................... 264
a. nouns clauses with ‘question words’
Introduction............................................................... 226 b. noun clauses with ‘whether’ - ‘if’
1. Gerund & Infinitive...................................... 227 c. noun clauses with ‘that’
working 2. REPORTED SPEECH....................................... 270
to work
KONUYLA İLGİLİ ÖNEMLİ AYRINTILAR................. 272
2. VERBS WITH TWO MEANINGS........................ 231 whatever, however, wherever,
stop / try / regret / forget / remember whenever, whoever, whichever
/ go on / need / mean to do subjunctive
something… fact, view, belief, opinion, argument
stop / try / regret / forget / remember that
/ go on / need / mean doing the fact that
something…
3. TO + GERUND.................................................... 236 Tests................................................................ 286
object to working, look forward to
seeing
4. EXPRESSIONS + GERUND............................... 238 IF & WISH CLAUSES
can’t help watching
good at swimming
bad at cooking Introduction............................................................... 294
it is no use trying
it is no good playing 1. If Clauses....................................................... 294
a) Zero Conditional
it is not worth paying b) First Conditional
5. WIDELY USED GERUNDS c) Second Conditional
AND INFINITIVES.............................................. 239 d) Third Conditional
e) Mixed Conditional
6. VERBS WITH OBJECTS or
WITHOUT OBJECTS......................................... 240 2. Wish Clauses................................................. 303
advise, recommend, encourage, allow, I wish
forbid if only

7. STRUCTURES WITH TO INIFINITIVE............... 241 KONUYLA İLGİLİ ÖNEMLİ AYRINTILAR................. 306

but for
8. PERFECT GERUND AND inversion
PERFECT INFINITIVE........................................ 242 if + be to
having helped only if, unless, as long as / so long as,
to have seen providing (that), provided (that)
on condition (that), in the event that, in
9. CONTINUOUS INFINITIVE................................ 243 the event of, in case, in case of
to be working, to have been living supposing, even if, otherwise / or
10. PASSIVE GERUND AND (else), as if, as though
PASSIVE INFINITIVE......................................... 243
Tests................................................................ 316
11. THE LIST - GERUND AND INFINITIVE............. 244
 ADJECTIVES & ADVERBS PREPOSITIONS

1. Adjectives...................................................... 324 Introduction............................................................... 384

2. Adverbs........................................................... 325 1. Edatlar ve Anlamları................................. 384
irregular adverbs KONUYLA İLGİLİ ÖNEMLİ AYRINTILAR................. 393
3. Participle Adjectives................................ 327 on time / in time
boring, amazing in the corner / at (=on) the corner
bored, amazed arrive in / arrive at
die for / die of (=from) / die in
4. Comparative and hear about / hear from / hear of
Superlative Forms..................................... 328 point to / point at
remind of / remind about
5. Other Comparative Structures............ 331 shout to / shout at
as ... as throw to / throw at
so ... as
such ... (adj.) noun as - Sık Kullanılan Edat + İsim Kombinasyonları
twice / three times etc as ... as - Sık Kullanılan Sıfat + Edat Kombinasyonları.
as many / much ... as - Sık Kullanılan Fiil + Edat Kombinasyonları
as few / little ... as
too Tests................................................................ 408
enough
KONUYLA İLGİLİ ÖNEMLİ AYRINTILAR................. 337
the + comparative ... the + comparative ...

Tests................................................................ 346 NOUNS & EXTRA SUBJECTS

Introduction............................................................... 416

DETERMINERS 1. SAYILABİLEN İSİMLER

(COUNTABLE NOUNS)...................................... 416
2. SAYILAMAYAN İSİMLER
Introduction............................................................... 3 54
(UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS)................................. 420
1. Articles.......................................................... 354 3. HEM SAYILABİLEN HEM SAYILAMAYAN
‘a / an’ kullanılan durumlar İSİMLER............................................................. 421
‘the’ kullanılan durumlar
‘a / an’ veya ‘the’ kullanılmayan durumlar 4. POSSESSIVE NOUNS....................................... 423

2. Quantifıers.................................................... 359 5. Inverted Sentences................................... 426

çoğul isimlerle kullanılanlar 6. Question Tags............................................... 428
sayılamayan isimlerle kullanılanlar
tekil isimlerle kullanılanlar 7. Agreement / Disagreement...................... 431
8. Emphatic Structures................................ 431
KONUYLA İLGİLİ ÖNEMLİ AYRINTILAR................. 364
subject-verb agreement (özne-yüklem uyuşması) Tests................................................................ 434
a good many / a great many
a number of / the number of
all / whole
every / each
neither - both / none - all ANSWER KEY
(a) few / (a) little
ANSWER KEY.......................................................... 440
Tests................................................................ 376
PRONOUNS

PRONOUNS
PRONOUNS

Introduction

İsimlerin yerine kullanılan kelimelere zamir, isimleri niteleyen kelimelere ise sıfat denir. Özne zamirlerinin
(subject pronouns), nesne zamirlerinin (object pronouns), iyelik sıfatlarının (possessive adjectives), iyelik
zamirlerinin (possessive pronouns) ve dönüşlü zamirlerin (reflexive pronouns) listelendiği aşağıdaki tabloyu
dikkatle inceleyiniz.

Subject Object Possessive Possessive Reflexive

Pronouns Pronouns Adjectives Pronouns Pronouns

I me my mine myself
you you your yours yourself
he him his his himself
she her her hers herself
it it its its itself
we us our ours ourselves
you you your yours yourselves
they them their theirs themselves

01 Subject Pronouns

Özne konumundaki isimlerin yerine kullanılan zamirlerdir. Cümlede fiilden önce gelirler.
By breathing, people take in the oxygen they need to live.
(they → people)
Although he knew he would be late, Mr Black did not rush to get ready.
(he → Mr Black)
Beethoven was only 26 years old when he started suffering from a hearing disorder.
(he → Beethoven)
Amelia Earhart was the first female pilot to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean. She received the
USA Distinguished Flying Cross for this record.
(she → Amelia Earhart)
A manager must have good written and verbal communication skills so that he can give clear
messages to the employees and higher authorities.
(he → a manager)
The hurricane caused a lot of damage when it hit the coastal areas of the country.
(it → hurricane)

02 Object Pronouns

Nesne konumundaki isimlerin yerine kullanılan zamirlerdir. Cümlede fiilden veya bir ‘preposition’dan (edat)
sonra gelirler.

me : beni, bana
you : seni, sana
him : onu, ona (erkek)
her : onu, ona (kadın)
it : onu, ona (cansız, hayvan)
us : bizi, bize
you : sizi, size
them : onları, onlara

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 PRONOUNS
Our teacher wanted us to complete our assignments before the end of the month.
(us → we, the students)
Senses can warn individuals about danger; muscles help them to fight, hide, or get out of danger.
(them → individuals)
Tools such as thermometers and X-ray machines provide us with clues about what is happening
inside our body.
(us → we, people)
While performing a song, Springsteen introduced Linda Caesars to the world when he brought
her on stage.
(her → Linda Caesars)
Tony can imitate the headmaster so well that he’s even made a phone call and pretended to be
him.
(him → the headmaster)
I gave Elizabeth my phone number and told her I was heading to Louisville and she should call
me if there were any problems.
(her → Elizabeth)
This new method is not familiar to Henry, so don’t be angry with him for making a mistake.
(him → Henry)
Nowadays, many teachers believe that in order to improve writing skills of the students, it is
important to let them express their memories and stories in their own words.
(them → the students)

Exercise 1
Fill in the blanks with subject pronouns or object pronouns.

1. she
Because _________________ was not accepted to the school team, Sally gave up her dream of being a
professional basketball player.
2. it
Turkish cuisine is quite rich as _________________ includes both vegetable and meat dishes and
various cooking styles.
3. you
If _________________ want to obtain reliable information about your country’s history, you should use
the library sources rather than the Internet.
4. him
Harry’s mother brought _________________ some cookies and orange juice while he was studying in
his room.
5. Only after looking for my glasses for ten minutes I came to realize that I was already wearing
them
_________________.
6. I have heard a lot about the new manager appointed to our department but I haven’t met
him / her
_________________ in person yet.
7. her
During the fifth day of our trip in Italy, Beth ran out of money and asked me to lend _________________
some.
8. him
Although she has never had the courage to speak to _________________, we know that Lily has been
in love with James for a long time.
9. they
Cindy did not tell her parents about her low grades; that’s why _________________ were shocked when
she failed some courses.

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PRONOUNS

03 Possessive Adjectives

İsimlerin önüne gelirler ve bir şeyin, birine veya bir şeye ait olduğunu bildirirler.
my : benim
your : senin
his : onun (erkek)
her : onun (kadın)
its : onun (cansız, hayvan)
our : bizim
your : sizin
their : onların
When the teacher didn’t see Jim at school yesterday, she called his parents.
(his → Jim’s)
Clara chains up her dog every night since she doesn’t want him to scare the neighbours or
people walking around.
(her → Clara’s)
Feelings of incompetence can drive us to further improve our skills and become more sensitive to
others.
(our → people’s)
The police used their batons to beat up a group of people gathered to hear a union leader speak
at a meeting.
(their → the police’s)
While red meat is a good source of complete protein and iron, its regular consumption presents
several health risks.
(its → red meat’s)
Many famous singers had to stop singing very young, as their ears didn’t function well.
(their → many famous singers’)
Mozart is among the most popular classical composers, and his influence on subsequent
Western art music is profound.
(his → Mozart’s)
Throughout history, a solar eclipse has been a fearful experience, especially in the days when its
cause was not understood.
(its → a solar eclipse’s)

04 Possessive Pronouns

Sahiplik belirten zamirlerdir. İsimle birlikte değil, ismin yerine kullanılırlar.

mine : benimki
yours : seninki
his : onunki (erkek)
hers : onunki (kadın)
ours : bizimki
yours : sizinki
theirs : onlarınki

A very noisy family has recently moved into the flat next to ours and it seems that they give a
party every night. (ours → our flat)
My house is located on the north of the river. Yours is located on the south. (yours → your house)
The British healthcare system is no better than ours. It is just different in some areas. (ours → our
healthcare system)

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 PRONOUNS
Exercise 2
Fill in the blanks with possessive adjectives or possessive pronouns.

1. mine
Interior design isn’t a personal interest of _________________, that’s why I’m planning to hire an
architect to make the most appropriate changes in my home.
2. When you’re planning to meet someone significant, the clothes you decide to wear are very important
your
because they must reflect _________________ own taste and personality.
3. my
I sometimes feel that _________________ home doesn’t look and feel right but can’t pinpoint what is
wrong.
4. hers
From childhood, Helen had written poems and in 1863 a play of _________________ was staged.
5. Now that his employment income has been reduced, he should consider eliminating or reducing
his
_________________ other expenses such as dining out.
6. They have planned to change their flat’s heating system and I think it will cost about 3000 dollars to
theirs
install a new one in a flat such as _________________.
7. ours
My family and I were having dinner in a restaurant yesterday, and at a table next to _________________,
my favourite pop star was sitting with his girlfriend.
8. our
Most of us are embarrassed to discuss _________________ money problems with others or believe that
if lenders know we are in trouble, they will rush to collection.
9. It’s impossible to ignore computer’s place in our daily life, and for sure, it would be very difficult for me to
my
continue _________________ life without it.
10. I met up an old friend of _________________
mine and we sat in a restaurant and went through the old times
and the changes that have happened.
11. Throughout history, parents have often made sure that _________________
their children receive classical
music training from a young age.
12. Each second, _________________
your (our) brain experiences about 100,000 chemical reactions.
13. Big companies will do whatever is necessary to protect _________________
their brand and trademarks.
14. A woman must have _________________
her freedom, the fundamental freedom of choosing whether or
not she will be a mother and how many children she will have.
15. My dad will take the dog to the vet today because _________________
its leg seems to be broken after the
accident.
16. I have been looking for the keys everywhere; I have found my own keys but I couldn’t find
yours
_________________.
17. The little boy tried hard to hide _________________
his face from the other children as he didn’t want them
to see him crying.
18. Most French people think that _________________
their language is somewhat more elegant than the
others; but I do not agree with that.
19. All the other groups in the class handed in their projects on time but _________________
ours was the only
one to be delayed.
20. After the conference, all the participants took their certificates but I couldn’t take _________________
mine
due to a technical problem.
21. I think that this isn’t Mary’s dress; _________________
hers has red and black stripes as far as I can
remember.
22. We won’t apply for the visa together as Lydia’s passport has already been delivered to her address but
mine
_________________ hasn’t.
23. People should teach _________________
their their
children how to respect _________________ grandparents.
24. When you are going to a meeting with _________________
your your
employees, _________________ clothes
are very important as they reflect your personality.
25. Most people don’t like discussing _________________
their problems with people they don’t know.

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05 Reflexive Pronouns

Cümledeki özne ile nesnenin aynı olması durumunda kullanılırlar.

myself : kendim itself : kendisi (cansız, hayvan)
yourself : kendin ourselves : kendimiz
himself : kendisi (erkek) yourselves : kendiniz
herself : kendisi (kadın) themselves : kendileri

People worried about themselves all the time rather than their friends are called selfish.
Looking at myself in the mirror, I said to myself, “What a woman!”
Tina decided not to tell the truth about the accident to her father and now she is blaming herself
for the things that happened.

Bazen de vurgu yapmak için kullanılırlar ve bu durumda, özneyi vurguluyorlarsa cümlede farklı yerlerde
olabilirlerken, nesneyi vurguluyorlarsa nesneden hemen sonra gelirler.

I myself think that we won’t be able to sort out this problem as early as you think.
What made the director happy was that I myself solved the problem in such a short time.
The teacher warned the student himself instead of talking to his parents.
A driver should focus on the road itself and ignore anything that distracts his attention.
It will be better if Clara herself speaks to the teacher.
(Clara öğretmenle bizzat kendisi konuşursa daha iyi olacak.)
It will be better if Clara speaks to the teacher herself.
(Clara bizzat öğretmenin kendisiyle konuşursa daha iyi olacak.)
I will speak to the teacher himself about his unfair actions towards me but I am sure nothing will
change.
(Bana karşı adil olmayan davranışları hakkında öğretmenin bizzat kendisiyle konuşucağım fakat
eminim hiçbir şey değişmeyecek.)

‘By’ ile birlikte kullanıldıklarında ise ‘alone, on my own, on your own, etc.’ “yalnız başına” veya “kimsenin
yardımı olmadan” anlamına gelirler.
When I saw her sitting in the classroom by herself, I realized that it was the right time to talk.
(by herself → alone)
The small flat she lives in by herself is located in the city centre.
(by herself → alone)
The reason why Robert argued with his parents was that he said he wanted to live by himself in
another city.
(by himself → on his own)
When I arrived home, Liz had done all the cleaning by herself therefore she was too tired to go
out.
(by herself → on her own)

Dönüşlü zamirler içeren şu deyimlere dikkat edin:

make yourself understood : kendini iyi ifade etmek
behave yourself : uslu durmak, düzgün hareket etmek
enjoy yourself : eğlenmek
live by yourself : yalnız yaşamak
make yourself at home : keyfine bakmak
do it yourself : kendi başına halletmek
help yourself to something : kendisi almak, buyurmak

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Exercise 3
Fill in the blanks with a suitable reflexive pronoun or by + reflexive pronoun.

1. by yourself
You must do your homework _________________, otherwise you won’t take the advantage of this
assignment.
2. itself
The film _________________ wasn’t very good but I liked the songs that are composed by my favourite
artists.
3. by himself
Since he is very independent, Daniel likes to work _________________ and nobody should interrupt him
while working.
4. himself
The police officer accidentally shot _________________ while he was cleaning his gun.
5. You must learn to enjoy _________________.
yourself It’s no use waiting for someone to entertain you.
6. by himself
George is quite independent in nature as he has been living _______________ since he was a teenager.
7. by myself
“I have done it all _________________. Nobody has helped me. ” said the man angrily.
8. by themselves
Some people would rather work _________________ than work as part of a team.
9. herself (himself)
You must talk to the secretary _________________ instead of complaining to the manager.
10. themselves
Humans are superior to animals because they are able to adapt _________________ to different
climates and habitats in much less time.
11. Being a primary school teacher is difficult since most of the children are not able to do even the simplest
themselves
things such as dressing _________________ or tying up their shoelaces.
12. I sometimes talk to _________________
myself when I am stressed or nervous; and I think it’s a great strategy
to relax.
13. The chef was not careful enough with the knives; as a result, he cut _________________
himself while trying to
chop the onions for the salad.
14. As she was not hungry when the cookies were served, Luna saved _________________
herself a few so that
she could eat them later.
15. Diana _________________
herself should complete her homework from now on, as the support of her parents’
has turned her into an irresponsible student.
16. I wanted to speak to the boss _________________
himself about the unfair decrease in our salary but he
refused to talk to me.
17. When I entered the office this morning, I was surprised to see that the secretary brought some cookies
herself
not just for _________________ but for all of us.
18. Tony insists on doing all the cleaning _________________
by himself but I will go help him anyway as the house is
quite messy right now.
19. The roads here are always icy in winter, and one could hurt _________________
oneself badly stepping on
slippery pavements.
20. On the second day of the school trip, the teachers gave the students some free time to enjoy
themselves
_________________ in the amusement park.
21. “I have to leave now; help _________________
yourself to the cookies and sweets on the kitchen table” said my
mum before going out.
22. Tina should stop blaming _________________
herself for the arguments between her mum and dad because
she is not responsible for the problems in the family.
23. Rather than trying to understand what is wrong with _________________,
yourself you should consult a doctor
about the constant pains in your stomach.
24. The little girl was singing happily to _________________
herself when a sudden loud noise from the house
caused her to stop.
25. After hours of tiring work and exhaustion, I was happy to tell my friends that I was able to repair the bike
by myself
_________________.

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06 The Pronoun ‘ONE’

‘One’ zamiri tek başına, bir sıfatla beraber veya ‘which’ ile birlikte kullanılabilir.

Michelle : Which woman are you talking about?

Eric : The one in the corner. (Köşedeki) (the one → the woman)
Oscar : Which shirts did you buy?
Summer : I bought the cheap ones. (Ucuz olanları aldım.) (the cheap ones → the cheap shirts)
Julia : Can you pass the book?
Thomas : Which one? (Hangisini?)
Julia : That one under the notebook. (Defterin altındakini.)
(which one → which book; that one → that book)
The glasses on the table are mine but the ones in front of the bathroom mirror aren’t.
I have always been interested in the conferences about the effects of global warming but I haven’t
been able to attend one due to my heavy schedule.

‘One’, kişi veya insan anlamında da kullanılabilir. Cümlenin devamında zamir kullanmak gerekirse ‘his or her
/ him or her / one / one’s’ kullanılır.
One should always think before he or she speaks in order to avoid irreversible mistakes.
(. . . kişi her zaman düşünmelidir)
One must always take care of his or her health so that he or she enjoys a happy life.
(. . . kişi sağlığına her zaman dikkat etmelidir)
One tries to be careful about where he should invest one’s money.
(Kişi parasını nereye yatırdığı konusunda dikkatli olmaya çalışır.)
One must know English well if he wants to get a well paid job in Turkey.

07 Forms of ‘Other’

‘Other’ (diğer, başka) hem sıfat hem de zamir olarak kullanılan bir sözcüktür. Sıfat olarak kullanıldığında
kendisinden sonra mutlaka bir isim gelir. Zamir olarak kullanıldığında çoğul olabilir. Öncesinde ‘the’ olup
olmaması, genel şeylerden / kişilerden mi, yoksa belli şeylerden / kişilerden mi söz edildiğine bağlıdır.

Some people like winter holidays. Other people like summer holidays. (sıfat)
Some people like winter holidays. Others like summer holidays. (zamir)
Half of the students in this class like winter holidays. The other students like summer holidays.
(sıfat)
Half of the students in this class like winter holidays. The others like summer holidays. (zamir)
Architecture is the art of designing and constructing buildings and other physical structures for
human use. (... başka)
Salt is an essential constituent in the diet of human beings and other warm-blooded animals.
While some people with depression lose their appetite and lose weight, others put on weight.
(... diğerleri)
For many people, making lifestyle changes is enough to lower cholesterol but others may need
medications.
Last year’s champion played well as expected but the other player performed better.

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Only a few of the participants showed interest in the lecture. The others were completely
indifferent to it.
All the other courses except macroeconomics seem easy, which means we don’t have to study
hard this term.
We can watch two films tonight but personally I would prefer to watch this as the other is said to
be a bit boring.

Yukarıdaki cümlelerde genel bir ifade kullanıldığı zaman ‘the’ yokken, belirli olandan söz
Not edildiğinde ‘the’ vardır.

‘Another’ ‘aynı türden bir tane daha’ ya da ‘başka (bir)’ anlamını vermek için kullanılır. Zamir veya sıfat
olarak kullanılabilir. Sıfat olarak kullanıldığında ardından tekil isim alır.
I’ll drink another glass of tea and then I will leave.
Before I finished my drink, the waiter brought another by mistake.
We will have to drive another 100 kilometres before it gets dark.
Another two hours was given to the workers to carry all the furniture out.
The man gave his son another ten dollars for him to buy a new book.
I think our team needs another two weeks to finalize the projects.

Yukarıdaki cümlelerde geçen ‘100 kilometres, two hours, ten dollars’ ifadeleri tek bir birim olarak
Not alınmış ve ‘bir 100 kilometre daha, bir iki saat daha, bir on dolar daha’ anlamında kullanılmıştır.

‘Each other’ ve ‘one another’ (= birbirini, birbirimizi.) ile anlatılan eylemlerden her iki özne de etkilenir.
Okan and Ekin love each other / one another. (Birbirlerini seviyorlar.)
Tina and James haven’t been talking to each other ever since she learnt that he gossiped about
her. (... birbirleriyle)
After the headmaster talked to them, Jane and Tom stopped blaming each other for the accident
and they made peace.
When the police found them, the gangsters were fighting one another for the money they had
stolen from the bank.
After talking to each other for long hours, Harry’s parents decided that they would send their son
to a private school instead of a public one.
In some cases, the doctors cannot diagnose an illness properly and they rely on one another for
peer consultation.
When you observe the way they look at each other, it is easy to tell that Judy and Jim have been
in love deeply.

‘One after the other / ‘One after another’ ifadeleri ‘sıra ile’ veya ‘teker teker’ anlamında kullanılırlar.
The kids jumped into the pool one after the other / one after another.
(Çocuklar arka arkaya havuza atladılar.)
The suspects caught in the park were questioned one after another by the police officers.
The teacher wanted us to write two compositions one after the other in 40 minutes during the
exam.

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‘Every other’ + ‘tekil isim’ yapısı bir eylemin periyodik olarak bir atlanarak yapıldığını anlatır.
They go to the course every other day. (Kursa günaşırı gidiyorlar.)
Tina’s father takes her and her sister to the cinema every other week.
I visit my dietician every other Monday to check if my diet program helps me lose weight.

‘Other(s), ‘some, any, no, every, several, all’ vs. gibi miktar bildiren sözcüklerle de kullanılabilir.
You are the only person in my life who does his best to help me. I have got no other friends.
Huntsville has three historic districts and more historic homes than any other city in Alabama.
The human brain is known to be more intelligent than that of any other known species on Earth.
Mine wasn’t the only one. There were some other proposals worth considering.

Exercise 4
Fill in the blanks with forms of other.
1. Careful students always put back the books they have read before they take out _________________. others
2. another
There isn’t _________________ train for at least two hours, so it would be better for you to take a taxi.
3. There are two cakes left in the plate; eat whichever one you like and leave _________________ the other for
whoever comes in later.
4. According to the United Nations Environment Programme, economic sectors likely to face difficulties
others
related to the climate change include banking, agriculture, transport and many _________________.
5. the other
The left shoe is a bit tight, but _________________ fits fairly well.
6. Sandy, who is eight years old, is confined to a wheelchair and her dream is to walk like
other
_________________ children when she goes out to play.
7. You need insurance for your car and also it is important to have a special coverage for jewellery and
other
_________________ valuables in your house.
8. In every language, there are often words that have the same meaning and it’s actually possible to
another
substitute one for _________________.
9. others
I want to read these books. You can keep all the _________________.
10. There are more enjoyable ways of earning money _________________ other than office work.
11. Some teachers are rather strict in class, whereas _________________others tend to be quite tolerant.
12. each other
My old friend Nancy and I see _________________ more often than we used to because we live in the
same neighbourhood now.
13. another
One hundred dollars is not enough for this job. I want _________________ fifty.
14. There are ten people on the bus. Four of them are reading. _________________The others are sleeping.
15. Before I finished answering the questions on the first sheet, the teacher brought _________________ another
one with more questions on it.
16. any other
I couldn’t find the pill I am looking for in that pharmacy, so I wonder if there are _________________
places I can possibly find it.
17. If painkillers don’t cure your headache, you may try hypnosis which is _________________ another form of
treatment widely used nowadays.
18. one after the other
Throughout the semester, we are expected to write two research papers _________________, and they
must each include at least ten references.
19. other
When you go to Lithuania or _________________ North-European countries, you will observe a
considerable change in temperature especially in winter months.
20. While some people find it desirable to live in big and crowded cities, _________________others may prefer the
peace and quietness of small towns.
21. one after another
After the robbery in the national bank, the suspects were caught _________________ by the police
officers who had been looking for them everywhere.
22. Most people use the Internet to search for information, but there are also _________________ others who
prefer using library sources to reach reliable data.

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23. _________________
No other mechanism examined by the scientists can be compared to human brain in terms
of complexity and perfection.
24. In the chess championship yesterday, I was supporting the child with long hair and blue eyes, but
the other
_________________ one was the winner unfortunately.
25. The deadline of the project has already been extended twice, but I’m of the opinion that we still may need
another
_________________ two days to finish it.
26. There are two candidates for this teaching position and the headmaster seems to vote for the first
the other
candidate as _________________ is a bit intolerant and arrogant.
27. You should take your dog for a walk _________________
every other day or he may get bored and turn the house
upside down when you are at work.
28. Water and _________________
other drinks are crucial for the human body to maintain health and a balanced
state.
29. When I looked at the forest closely using my binoculars; I was able to see some colourful birds on the tall
others
trees and some _________________ in the sky.
30. I could sacrifice anything for _________________
another two weeks in my hometown, but the holiday has
ended and I must go back to work.

Exercise 5
Choose the correct option.

1. The two boys, lost in the lanes of the city 4. I suggest you go to Alanya for a weekend
at night, looked at the old silent houses holiday unless you find ---- cheaper
and later looked at ---- with a growing fear option.
when ---- heard a strange noise.
A) other
A) them / others B) another
B) it / they C) others
C) that / we D) one another
D) the other / everyone E) others’
E) each other / they

5. Two guys suddenly began to fight with

2. As a result of my fear of heights, ---- was
---- over an unknown reason and one of
so pale at the top of the Eiffel Tower that
---- punched the other in the face.
---- people started to look anxiously at my
face. A) the others / them
B) the other / they
A) her / the others
C) each other / them
B) I / other
D) one another / theirs
C) theirs / others
E) themselves / his
D) mine / others
E) the other / other

3. The disadvantage of being in ---- 6. In addition to Lake Zürich, a great number

university is that everyone is so of ---- lakes can be found throughout the
competitive that they do not share even Lake Zürich region such as the Walensee
the slightest knowledge with ----. and Sihlsee lakes.
A) that / the others A) others
B) those / one another B) the others
C) its / others C) some others
D) this / others’ D) other
E) that / themselves E) another

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08 Indefinite Pronouns

Person Thing Place

Somebody / Someone Something Somewhere
(Birisi) (Bir şey) (Bir yer)

Everybody / Everyone Everything Everywhere

(Herkes) (Her şey) (Her yer)

Nobody / No one Nothing Nowhere

(Hiç kimse) (Hiçbir şey) (Hiçbir yer)

Anybody / Anyone Anything Anywhere

(Hiç kimse; herhangi biri) (Hiçbir şey; herhangi bir şey) (Hiçbir yer; herhangi bir yer)

Belgisiz zamirler her zaman tekil kabul edilir ve fiil çekimi buna göre yapılır.
There is somebody on the team who always wants to be in the limelight.
Anyone who is willing to join the trip is supposed to sign up.
Somebody has left his bag here, but I can’t waste my time trying to find out who he is.
Nowadays nowhere in this city is safe enough for anyone to walk alone at night.
Everybody is here and we are ready to start our new project.

‘Everybody / everyone, everything’ ve ‘everywhere’ her türlü cümlede kullanılabilir. ‘Somebody / someone,
something’ ve ‘somewhere’ olumlu cümlelerde veya rica / teklif / öneri amaçlı sorularda kullanılır. ‘Anybody
/ anyone, anything ve ‘anywhere’ olumsuz cümlelerde ve sorularda kullanılır. ‘Nobody / no one, nothing’ ve
‘nowhere’ cümleyi olumsuz yapar. Bu zamirleri içeren cümlelerde ‘not’ kullanılmaz ve cümle olumsuz olduğu
için devamında ‘some’ değil ‘any’ kullanılır.
Robert cares for no one but himself therefore he has few friends.
(Robert kendi dışında hiç kimseyi umursamaz bu yüzden onun çok az arkadaşı var.)
I ate something delicious at the new restaurant on the corner. I strongly recommend you to try it.
Can we go somewhere quieter? This noise is making me crazy.
The customers couldn’t find anyone to complain to in the shop, so they decided to complain
through the company’s website.
Nowhere in the world is as beautiful and peaceful as my hometown.
Nobody has given me any information about the agenda of the meeting, so I don’t think I will have
much to say.
The miners didn’t want to go further in the mine because they couldn’t see anything in the dark.
Janet has been suffering from culture shock for some time and she doesn’t have anyone to talk
to when she feels lonely.
Have you seen my dictionary anywhere in the room. I need it urgently to complete my essay.
Mr Watson is respected by everybody at school because he is very professional in the field of
education.
The boss wanted me to prepare a comprehensive report including everything that might help to
boost sales.
Nobody at the office thought that the accountant was capable of committing a crime.
Since she was attacked two weeks ago, Liz has gone nowhere alone.

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‘Anybody / anyone, anywhere, anything’ zamirleri olumlu cümlelerde kullanıldıklarında, ‘herhangi biri,
herhangi bir yer’ ve ‘herhangi bir şey’ anlamına gelir.
Come on Tim, anybody could have taken your book on the table. Why are you blaming me?
We can go anywhere you wish. I don’t mind where we go.
The teacher has asked some questions anyone in the class can solve easily.
You can cook anything tonight. It doesn’t matter for me.
You are free today. It is your birthday. You can buy anything you like as a present.
You left the door unlocked. Anybody could have come in.
It is very easy. Anybody can do that.

Belgisiz zamirlerden sonra gelen zamirler, tekil veya çoğul olabilir.

Everybody in this room is free to make his or her / their own choice. I don’t want to influence any of
you.
Nobody dared to ask the guardian what was going to happen to him or her / them.
Nobody wants to go anywhere tonight since they are (/ he is) extremely tired.
I think everybody gets what they / he deserve(s).
Everybody should be careful about what they have (/ he has) to do.

Bu zamirlerle birlikte ‘else’ (başka) sözcüğü kullanılabilir.

Nothing else was discussed at the meeting other than the project which is being carried out
currently. (başka hiçbir şey)
It is a mistake to use a drug prescribed for someone else just because the symptoms seem
similar. (başka biri)
What else was proposed about the working conditions in the factory? (başka ne)
Sam was the only one to offer help. Nobody else seemed willing to help.
I did not like the food we were served, but everybody else thought that it was great.
“I want you to keep quiet now. I want somebody else to answer my questions,” said the man to
the woman.
I have finished cleaning the attic. What else would you like me to do?
Shop asistant : Anything else?
Customer : No, nothing else. Thank you.

Belgisiz zamirleri niteleyen sıfatlar, isimlerin aksine zamirden önce değil sonra gelir.
We all want something different. This monotonous pace of life has bored us to death.
Anyone interested in the trip should sign up by the fifth of next month.
I think I must consult someone professional in the field of law before renewing my contract.
Because the pub was very noisy, we went somewhere quieter to have some chat.
I don’t have much money. I am looking for something cheap.
Something strange is going around. I don’t know what it is.

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Exercise 6
Fill in the blanks with indefinite pronouns.
1. something
Like all sailors, he was superstitious, and felt convinced that _________________ terrible was going to
happen to him.
2. Anybody
You shouldn’t have left your wallet at home. _________________ could have broken in and stolen it.
3. Nobody
_________________ has ever taken me for an Englishman before although someone did once speak to
me as if I were an American.
4. There is a new block of flats they are building down the road; perhaps you’d like _________________ somebody to
introduce you to the landlord.
5. anything
He had scarcely _________________ to contribute to the discussion; that’s why, he wasn’t taken
seriously by the board members.
6. There was a package for me today but there was _________________ nobody at home, so they couldn’t deliver
it.
7. Somebody
_________________ told me that putting feather pillows in the dryer for ten minutes will kill dust mites.
8. Knowing you as quite a courageous person, I suppose there is _________________ nothing for you to fear.
9. anything
Although I don’t have _________________ against people from other countries, I believe the higher the
influx into England, the more British identity disappears.
10. something
If you would like to do _________________ really worthwhile, you should think for a while as there are
many options.
11. someone
You must hire _________________ professional to look after your kids when you are at work as
non-professional people may not have the necessary skills.
12. My father is the greatest cook I have ever seen in my life and I will always be willing to eat
anything
_________________ he cooks for me.
13. nothing
It is sad to see that _________________ has been done in Turkey about the violence against
women although the issue has been raised many times.
14. anything else
In case of a fire, call the fire station before doing _________________ as it may damage all your
property in quite a short time.
15. My mum was not really happy when she saw the prices in the menu of the restaurant I took her,
somewhere
and she asked me if we could find _________________ cheaper.
16. According to the weather forecast, it is going to get colder in a few days and I really regret not
something
bringing _________________ thicker to wear.
17. anyone
I am the leader of this group and thus; if _________________ from this group gets lost during the
trip, they should call me immediately for help.
18. nowhere else
There is _________________ in the world where one can feel the security and happiness of being
at home.
19. When we moved to İstanbul, I knew hardly _________________ anyone in the whole city and it was really
difficult for me to get adapted.
20. After the New Year Party ended, none of the guests wanted to go _________________ anywhere else to dance.
21. anyone
Not having _________________ to talk to in a foreign country, Julia suffered from depression for a
long time until she eventually met a friendly girl.
22. everywhere
If you look closely, it is possible to see the traces of the great Ottoman Empire _________________
in this historical city.
23. Anybody
_________________ can be successful in such an easy Maths test, so I find it nonsense that Bill
boasts so much about it.
24. Nothing else
_________________ in life is as important as having good friends to support you whenever you
need them.
25. someone else
I haven’t seen your keys anywhere in the house, _________________ must have taken them.

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Exercise 7
Choose the correct option.
1. By definition, a true friend is ---- whom 6. ---- was a difficult time for me when I first
you never forget although you meet came to İstanbul and knew ---- at school.
billions of ---- people.
A) That / another one
A) the one / their B) It / no one
B) no one / other C) It / each other
C) anyone / your D) This / anyone
D) someone / other E) Those / one another
E) somebody / others

2. I have been looking for my bracelet ---- in 7. ---- has said ---- about the injured cyclist; I
the house for two days, but it is ---- to be hope that he survives and is not disabled.
found.
A) Nobody / anything
A) somewhere / anywhere B) Anybody / nothing
B) anywhere / everywhere C) Someone / something
C) everywhere / nowhere D) Everyone / everything
D) nowhere / somewhere E) No one / nothing
E) everywhere / anywhere

3. Except for you and me, ---- knows about 8. The sky is as blue as sapphires; there
the accident, so we need to keep ---- as a isn’t a cloud to be seen ----, and according
secret. to the weather report, everything is going
to stay that way for long.
A) anyone / this
B) no one / it A) nowhere
C) nobody / its B) everywhere
D) someone / that C) nowhere else
E) everyone / it D) anywhere
E) somewhere else

4. My sister, Emma, does not want to believe 9. An apple orchard was located ---- near the
that there is ---- more beautiful than ---- in forest that surrounded the castle and its
the world. grounds.

A) somebody / she B) nobody / her A) somewhere B) anywhere

C) everyone / her D) anyone / hers C) something D) everywhere
E) someone / her E) nowhere

5. Not only ---- using an Apple product were 10. If ---- wants to participate in this project,
sad after Steve Job’s death; in fact, his ---- should contact us to set up interview
passing away affected ---- who knew him times and to provide archival material.
in some way.
A) everyone / ourselves
A) that / anyone B) anyone / they
B) these / no one C) nobody / them
C) those / everyone D) somebody / theirs
D) the ones / somebody E) everybody / our
E) they / everybody

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PRONOUNS

Konuyla İlgİlİ Önemlİ Ayrıntılar

‘This, that, these’ ve ‘those’ sözcükleri sıfat veya zamir olarak kullanılabilirler.
The head of the department said he didn’t want this mistake / this to be repeated.
“We have got enough cookies at home, darling. Please put those cookies / those back to the
shelf. ” said the mother to the little kid.
These days, it is not easy to find a job because of the global economic crisis.
A new medical centre has been opened to treat those who suffer from headaches.
My mother bought me a pullover but that wasn’t the one I wanted.
I lived in New Delphi for five years when I was young but it was really hard to get by in that city.
Of the two computers, this is absolutely better and reasonably priced.

Tekil veya çoğul bir ismi tekrarlamamak için ‘that’ ve ‘those’ zamirleri kullanılabilir.
The population of İstanbul is much higher than that of Ankara. (Ankara’nınki)
The extent to which greenhouse gas emissions can be reduced will determine our future, that of
our children, and of generations to come. (çocuklarımızınki)
The people in my class are more hardworking than those in yours. (seninkindekiler)
There is sometimes a delay in diagnosing pancreatic cancer because pancreatic cancer
symptoms are similar to those of many other illnesses. (pek çok başka hastalığınkiler)
Though there is no direct information about Saturn’s internal structure, it is thought that its interior
is similar to that of Jupiter.
One of the difficulties with diagnosing carbon monoxide poisoning is that many of its symptoms
are similar to those of other conditions.

Exercise 8
Fill in the blanks with that, those, this, these, that of or those of.

1. While looking for my dancing shoes the other day, I realized that mine were really old and I exchanged
those of
them with _________________ my sister’s.
2. those
My grandparents miss _________________ days when they were living quietly and peacefully with all
their relatives in a little village.
3. My father bought me a bike as he had promised before, but _________________ that wasn’t the one I was
hoping for.
4. Those
_________________ who suffer from headaches must be careful about the drugs they use as some are
known to trigger other diseases if not used properly.
5. Even if he doesn’t have a university degree, his salary as a bus driver is much higher than
that of
_________________ a teacher.
6. Of the two roads we may take to reach the city, _________________this seems shorter and less crowded to
me.
7. that of
My hair colour is nearly the same as _________________ my cousin’s; that’s why some people think
that we are sisters.
8. These
_________________ days, it is really hard to find long-lasting friendships and you must always be
careful about whom you are hanging out with.

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 PRONOUNS
‘Of’dan sonra nesne zamirleri kullanılır.
Most of the candidates lacked the required qualifications. Only a few of them qualify for the job.
(onların birkaçı)
As only two of us managed to submit the assignment on time, the professor gave us another
week. (ikimiz)
The gang leader was not willing to share the money they stole. He wanted all of it. (hepsini)
As John didn’t come to work today due to his illness, one of us had to work until late to finish the
reports the boss had wanted him to prepare.
The police officers interrogated three people in connection with the crime and they concluded that
one of them had lied.
All of us spent the night in a little cottage in the forest far away from the city centre.

Belirli bir kelime sırası gerektiren ‘double possessive’ yapısında ‘possessive pronoun’ veya iyelik bildiren ‘-s’
eki almış bir isim kullanılır.
One of my friends (arkadaşlarımdan biri)
A friend of mine (bir arkadaşım)
One of my sister’s friends (kız kardeşimin arkadaşlarından birisi)
A friend of my sister’s (kız kardeşimin bir arkadaşı)
Two of her relatives = Two relatives of hers
Two of her husband’s relatives = Two relatives of her husband’s
One of our colleagues = A colleague of ours
One of our teacher’s colleagues = A colleague of our teacher’s
One of his brothers = a brother of his
A neighbour of ours is going to visit us tonight.
A friend of hers helped her with her homework.
A colleague of ours was fired from work due to his irresponsible behaviours and we think he
really deserved it.
Two novels of my father’s / his have been published so far and one more will have been
published by the end of this year.

Exercise 9
Fill in the blanks with object pronouns, possessive adjectives or possessive pronouns.

1. Jane sadly told me yesterday that a colleague of _________________

hers was promoted to be the general
manager without really deserving it.
2. Quentin Tarantino has proved himself as a director; and two new movies of _________________
his will be
released in 2020.
3. When one of _________________
us has to help my mum with household chores, the one helping her is
always me because my brother is quite a lazy person.
4. The doctor gave me two different pills for my headache; I will take one of _________________
them in the
morning and the other one in the evening.
5. We looked at each other in horror on hearing the sound downstairs but we knew that one of
us
_________________ had to go and check it.
6. A friend of _________________
mine will go through a difficult surgery this weekend; so I will be in the
hospital to support her family.
7. If you give _________________
me mine
what you have in your hand, I will give you _________________.

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PRONOUNS

‘Object pronoun’ ile ‘reflexive pronoun’ arasında kullanım farkı vardır. Bazen bir fiilden sonra her ikisi de
kullanılabilir ancak anlam farklı olur. Yer veya yön bildiren bir ‘preposition’dan sonra ise sadece ‘object
pronoun’ kullanılır.
When I entered the room, I was surprised to see that Thomas was talking to himself / him.
him : another person
himself : Thomas
After we finished the dinner, I wanted to pay the bill but I had no money on me / myself.

Yer belirten edatlardan (prepositions) sonra reflexive pronoun kullanılmaz.

She put the box in front of her / herself.

Özne ‘one’ ise ‘reflexive pronoun’ olarak ‘oneself’ (bazen ‘himself’) kullanılır.
One mustn’t blame oneself / himself for the things beyond control.
What is the best way to teach oneself to play the guitar?
One must read a lot to develop oneself.
One never knows what will happen to oneself in the future.

‘It’ zamirinin farklı pek çok kullanımı vardır.

First I didn’t realise what he was holding in his hand. Then I saw that it was a gun. (bir ismin ya
da isim cümleciğinin yerine)
We’d better stay in, as it’s raining heavily. (hava durumu)
It’s almost midnight. Let’s go back home. (zaman)
It’s nearly twenty-five kilometres from my home to my office. (mesafe)
Who was it on the phone you were talking to five minutes ago? (görülemeyen ya da bilinmeyen kişi)
It was really a unique experience to work with an experienced person like you. (infinitive ile)
It was the president himself who made me search for the lost item. (vurgulu anlatım)

‘You’ ve ‘they’ zamirleri bazen genel bir anlam ifade ederler ve bu şekilde belgisiz zamirler gibi
kullanılabilirler.
You should help the old while they are crossing the street.
You should do your best to contribute to the welfare of your own country.
They say the computer is the most important invention of our age.
If you want to learn something about the history of the United States, there are many books about it.
They say the first rule of being successful in life is to know your limits.

Ülke, şehir, gemi ve bayrak isimleri yerine ‘she, her’ ve ‘hers’ kullanılabilir.
I love my country. She is my past, present, and future.
My cousins are on the boat over there. She is leaving the harbour in half an hour.
İstanbul is one of the most beautiful cities in the world, but most of us are worried about her future.
My car may be old and cheap but she is all I have got.
The course is mainly focused on the history of Britain and how she contributed to the Industrial
Revolution.

Miktar bildiren sözcükler (quantifiers) de zamir olarak kullanılabilirler.

She asked if I had any money to lend her, and I said I had none. (none → no money)
I thought most of the students would get a passing grade but only a few did so. (only a few →
only a few students)
There were almost one hundred people in the hall, but only two were listening and all the rest
were laughing. (two → two people / all the rest → all the rest of the people)

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 PRONOUNS
revısıon 1
Fill in the blanks with a suitable pronoun.

1. Lady Gaga came to prominence as a recording artist following the release of _________________ her
album, The Fame (2008).
2. The diameter of Venus is about 7,520 miles, approximately 400 miles smaller than _________________ that of
the Earth.
3. Most people work to earn _________________
their living but it could be hard for some, especially if the
wages are low.
4. Nothing
_________________ had changed at all as the town where I grew up was still the same when I returned
years later.
5. the one
I have never read a story that interested me so much as _________________ I read last night.
6. If students read their homework _________________
by themselves when they have finished it, they will generally find
many mistakes.
7. other
We don’t know for sure if there are planets orbiting _________________ stars beyond our solar system.
8. ones
The new designs are much better than the old _________________ and I think I will choose those.
9. those of
The bodies of women contain a greater proportion of fat than _________________ men of the same
age.
10. Let’s go _________________
somewhere warm and sunny for our holiday. I’m fed up with going skiing all the time.
11. If a person has an inadequate amount of vitamin B in his diet, this may affect _________________ his
whole body.
12. Thinking that they were wrongly accused by their teacher, they wanted a chance to defend
themselves
_________________.
13. each other (=one another) and carry on relationships through
Normally, independent nations recognize ___________________
diplomatic channels.
14. nothing
My little brother is going to bed early today because he has got ___________________ to do and he is
bored.
15. I can’t remember which girl has taken my books and not returned yet, but I suppose it should be
the one
_________________ with glasses.
16. those of
A male tiger’s territory usually overlaps _________________ several female tigers.
17. anybody (=anyone) wants a ticket for the concert, they can get it from my office.
If _________________
18. I looked everywhere for the key that you lost yesterday. I found Robert’s key but I couldn’t find
yours
_________________.
19. another
Don’t worry, I’m not leaving. I’ve decided to stay for _________________ two weeks.
20. The respiratory system enables _________________
us to breathe and take oxygen into blood.
21. I don’t think I can carry all _______________
those boxes, tools, and furniture by myself, I will need some help.
22. They gave Allen a larger room in the office as he got promoted last week, but ___________________ that
wasn’t the one he wanted.
23. those of
Not only does this month include my own birthday but ___________________ my sister’s, my
grandmother’s, and several close friends.
24. These
___________________ days, everybody wants to live a healthier lifestyle, but actually doing so can be a
challenge.
25. one after another
A man walked into the bay where we were fishing, and began catching ___________________ with a
bamboo rod.
26. While a large number of students have a positive experience with summer school, it is clear that there
others
are ___________________ who do not.
27. the other
Although our school team was a better player during games ___________________ team won the prize
as they scored higher.
28. another
We needed ___________________ extra plate for the table as an unexpected guest arrived during the
dinner party.
29. Of the two rooms they showed us, we decided to choose the first one since ___________________ the other was
too small for us to stay.
30. every other
You should at least walk ___________________ day if you can’t find the time to exercise during the
week so often.

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PRONOUNS

revısıon 2
Choose the correct option.
1. Dogs make better pets than cats because 11. Not ---- finds learning a foreign language
they understand and obey their masters, difficult since they believe with daily
but cats like to live ---- own life. reviews and vocabulary learning it could
easily be achieved.
A) them B) their
A) everyone B) no one
2. Since I’m working as an assistant of the
manager, it was ---- business but mine to
12. I can’t understand ---- leaving us in such a
bad situation; he could have warned us in
let the general director know about the
advance.
situation.
A) his B) himself
A) nobody’s B) anybody’s

3. One way to fight off boredom is to 13. My sister’s husband works in ---- part of
alternate one subject with ---- when you the country; that’s why, she is usually
study. alone at home.
A) another B) one another A) others B) another

4. Sea temperatures increase more slowly 14. If ---- calls while I’m sleeping, please take
than ---- on land because of the larger ---- names and tell them I’ll call them back
effective heat capacity. later.
A) that B) those A) anyone / their B) someone / them

5. If you put ---- in my position, you’ll 15. When one surface moves over ----, a force
understand how it feels after being fired. is set up which resists the movement.
A) yourself B) yours A) every other B) another

6. The rich are not only getting richer but

they are also not paying ---- fair share of
16. Without doubt, it’s clear that ---- would be
healthier if ---- followed a routine exercise
taxes, mostly because of the tax cuts that
program together with a nutritional diet.
favour the wealthy.
A) we / somebody B) everybody / they
A) theirs B) their

7. Birds like singing and they need the 17. ---- could happen at the meeting; that’s
interaction with ---- members of the why, I don’t want ---- to have expectations
household to remain happy. about next year’s plan.
A) others B) other A) Something / nobody
B) Anything / anybody
8. The first day of the term will be horrible
as ---- will be talking about their usual 18. I read in yesterday’s paper that a boy has
holiday. stolen a watch and sold ----, and that the
police looked for him ----, but couldn’t find
A) everybody B) everything
him.
9. When the famous director arrives in A) it / everywhere B) its / somewhere
London, more than a hundred of ---- fans
will be waiting for ---- at the airport. 19. These yellow apples aren’t very good, but
A) he / himself B) his / him I think you’ll find the red ---- rather sweet.
A) one’s B) ones
10. It is said that mathematics is the base
of ---- sciences and that arithmetic, 20. If you had walked through the streets of
the science of numbers, is the base of Chicago at night, ---- might have killed you
mathematics. only in order to get your money.
A) another B) other A) someone B) anybody’s

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 PRONOUNS
revısıon 3
Choose the correct option(s). More than one answer may be correct.

1. The respiratory system enables ---- to breathe and take oxygen into blood, which moves
around body by means of the circulatory system.
ourselves our us ours

2. A substance which is attracted by a magnet can ---- be made into a magnet.

its itself it it’s

3. World population and development conference last month attracted much more attention than
the previous ---- although it was not the first of its kind.
one’s the one ones the ones

4. Although I’ve invited lots of people, I suppose ---- will join as it has been two hours since the
party started.
anybody everybody nobody somebody

5. Sometimes I can’t say exactly what I mean. I wish I could express ---- better.
me myself mine my

6. Having been his own boss for a long time, he found it hard to accept orders from ---- person.
another others the others one another

7. I have been living ---- for the last two months and I have to admit it’s not bad at all, as I don’t
have to deal with others’ problems.
by myself of my own myself on my own

8. At the Earth’s surface, earthquakes manifest ---- by a shaking and sometimes displacement of
the ground.
it themselves itself its

9. You need to be able to defend ---- if somebody attacks you.

you yourself yours your

10. I doubt whether ---- knows how to solve housing problem in Turkey.
anybody nobody someone anything

11. Some believe that if ---- breaks down and you kick them, they will often start working again.
anybody somebody nothing something

12. Susan and Peter talk to ---- on the phone every day.
herself one another themselves each other

13. When I entered the room, I was amazed to see that he was apparently talking to ---- and didn’t
even notice me.
his himself myself mine

14. This is ---- opinion but mine; that’s why, I would appreciate if you kept silent and listened to me.
somebody else’s everybody’s no one else’s anybody’s

15. Enthusiastic teachers are particularly good at creating beneficial relations with ---- students.  
them theirs their themselves

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 6. Although Mike and Tim don’t accept it,
Test 1
1. - 20. sorularda, verilen tümcede boş everyone around them knows about their
bırakılan yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya dislike for ----.
da ifadeyi bulunuz.
A) nowhere B) no one
1. You may need to see a doctor if you are C) one another D) other
suffering from depression but there are also E) the other
---- things you can do ---- to overcome it.

A) others / by yourself
B) other / yourself
C) the others / on your own
D) another / yours
E) one another / your
7. By the early 1960s, Walt Disney
Productions had established ---- as
the world’s leading producer of family
entertainment.
2. It is known that insects don’t have vision
A) it B) by itself
as sharp as ---- birds.
C) oneself D) itself
E) them
A) the ones B) those of w w w. d i l k o y a y i n c i l i k . c o m
C) that of D) this of
E) others of

8. The United States and many ---- countries

regulate advertising to prevent deceptive
3. George’s car is faster and more
ads or to limit the visibility of certain
comfortable than ---- I rented last week.
kinds of ads.
PRONOUNS

A) one’s B) the ones’

A) others B) one another
C) the one D) ones’
C) other’s D) another
E) that of
E) other

4. Alcoholism is a general problem found in 9. There is ---- in the world that offers the
one form or ---- in all societies. array of shopping opportunities that New
York City does.
A) the others B) another’s
C) each other D) the other’s A) anywhere B) everything
E) another C) anyone else D) something
E) nowhere else

5. The police officers let ---- but the ones 10. Albert Einstein was so intelligent that
with a legal permit to go through the at the age of 12 he taught ---- Euclidean
barriers and see the minister. geometry.

A) somebody B) nobody A) them B) on their own

C) everybody’s D) other C) by oneself D) him
E) the other’s E) himself

30
11. Before writing was invented, people 16. The girl whom I saw with my cousin
recorded ---- history orally through yesterday is a friend of ---- and I am
storytelling as they couldn’t write down ----. looking forward to meeting ----.

A) theirs / everything A) them / she B) mine / them

B) themselves / anyone C) her / hers D) hers / her
C) its / nobody E) herself / her
D) their / anything
E) them / something

12. The interior structure of the Earth, similar to 17. It is amazing that my sister learnt to drive
---- terrestrial planets, is layered. ---- in just one day.

A) one another B) each other A) hers B) her own

C) the others D) others C) on her own D) of her own
E) the other E) oneself
w w w. d i l k o y a y i n c i l i k . c o m

13. Due to the fact that we have been living in 18. For the time being, I am sharing the
this city for a long time, we are reluctant to computer at home with my elder brother but
move to ---- one. I wish I had a computer ----.

A) the others B) others A) by herself B) of my own

C) another D) every other C) each other D) itself
E) one another E) by itself

14. Because of the economic crisis, the hotels 19. Since ---- was talking noisily, ---- heard Jim
are ready to do ---- to please their customers. arguing with the security officer.

A) nothing B) anything A) everybody / anyone

C) nowhere D) somewhere B) anyone / somebody
E) anyone C) someone / nothing
D) no one / everything
E) everybody / no one

15. In order for ---- to become successful in 20. Be careful not to touch ---- plugged with wet
Maths lessons ---- must be able to perform hands as you can get electrocuted.
basic arithmetic operations well.
A) other B) one’s
A) they / they B) ones / she C) nowhere D) nothing
C) one / he D) them / he E) anything
E) him / one

31
 6. Failures can often teach ---- lessons better
Test 2
1. - 20. sorularda, verilen tümcede boş than success and ---- is called learning the
bırakılan yerlere uygun düşen sözcük hard way.
ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.
A) our / it B) us / that
1. At first, I thought I wouldn’t be able to C) we / this D) ours / its
finish all the questions in the test but E) ourselves / it
when we were given ---- ten minutes, I
answered all of them.

A) other B) another
C) the other D) others
E) each other 7. During ---- journeys, Marco Polo created
recipes unique to ---- by adding a few
ingredients such as yak milk with snow.

A) his / himself
2. At the age of four, children become more B) other / him
aware of ---- as individuals and ---- ability C) he’s / themselves
to make things happen. D) the other / his
E) himself / theirs
A) them / their w w w. d i l k o y a y i n c i l i k . c o m
B) them / on their own
C) themselves / their
D) their own / theirs
E) their / them 8. The English language is a mixture
of Germanic, Roman and some ----
languages.

3. The duck has the ability to sleep with half A) other B) others
the brain at a time asleep while ---- half is C) the others D) other’s
fully responsive to the environment. E) another
PRONOUNS

A) others’ B) the others

C) others D) the other
E) another’s
9. Clara attempted to do all the work ---- but
it was impossible for ---- to do it without
getting any help.
4. Research shows that Mercury’s surface
is very similar in appearance to ---- the A) herself / hers
Moon. B) hers / her
C) her / on her own
A) those B) that of D) on her own / hers
C) these of D) another E) by herself / her
E) one of

10. Because my roommate listens to music

5. John had ---- important to tell us but he
at about half the maximum volume, he
was hesitant to say it because ---- would
generally keeps ---- from concentrating on
believe him.
---- work.
A) everything / anything
A) me / myself
B) nothing / anybody
B) them / mine
C) something / no one
C) me / my
D) anything / everyone
D) myself / mine
E) something / nothing else
E) him / hers

32
11. After we argued about who will do the 16. Being able to communicate well is an
shopping, we didn’t speak to ---- all day. essential skill for success in all areas of life,
so if you often find ---- difficult to express
A) another ---- clearly and logically, there are ways to
B) every other improve your communication skills.
C) one after the other
D) each other A) it / yourself
E) other B) them / you
C) itself / by yourself
D) its / on your own
E) by itself / yours

12. ---- must avoid from drinking heavily if ---- 17. It was a big mistake of Jenny’s to go to the
wants to decrease the risk of having a heart concert with ---- to bring ---- back safely after
attack. midnight.

A) He / one’s B) One / he A) everybody / herself

C) They / them D) You / the one B) nobody / by herself
E) One / oneself C) anyone / on her own
D) someone / hers
E) no one / her
w w w. d i l k o y a y i n c i l i k . c o m

13. Australian Aboriginal people are most 18. A neighbour of ---- asked my mother to look
known for ---- rock art, which ---- continued after ---- cats for a while but she declined her
to practice after the contact with Western request.
explorers.
A) mine / my B) them / their
A) their / they B) them / its C) ourselves / hers D) us / her
C) its / ones D) theirs / we E) ours / her
E) her / theirs

14. The Internet has helped ---- expand our 19. Evelyn asked me whether she can use ----
knowledge about the cultures different from calculator since ---- was not functioning
----. properly.

A) ourselves / them A) her / mine B) my / hers

B) our / us C) hers / me D) mine / hers
C) us / ours E) me / her
D) ours / ourselves
E) by ourselves / others

20. It is clear that ---- wants to be treated with

15. ---- can be as satisfying for ---- as a cup of disrespect by ---- managers at work all the
coffee after finishing my dinner at nights. time.

A) Everything / mine A) no one / her

B) Nothing else / my B) nobody / their
C) Anything else / by myself C) everybody / theirs
D) Something / I D) someone / him
E) Nothing / me E) everyone / his

33
 7. The steps and movements of the folk
Test 3
1. - 25. sorularda, verilen tümcede boş dances, have been passed on from one
bırakılan yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya dancer to ---- over the years.
da ifadeyi bulunuz.
A) another B) the other
1. When a student is being rude, it’s C) every other D) the others
the teacher’s responsibility and E) other
---- his colleagues to fix everything
constructively. 8. Lords, ladies, and knights were called
A) others B) that of nobles and they had a higher status in
C) these D) other feudal society than ---- the peasants.
E) that A) those B) this
C) that of D) that
E) these
2. It seems that ---- we eat these days needs
to be washed properly lest the pesticides
might cause ---- to become ill. 9. If ---- thinks of being a secret agent, ----
must have the courage to dice with death.
A) anything / her B) nothing / one’s
C) something / you D) nothing / ones A) somebody / it
E) everything / us B) anybody / they
C) something / he
w w w. d i l k o y a y i n c i l i k . c o m
D) everybody / them
E) anyone / she
3. When ---- company went bankrupt, ---- had
to hand over all of the rights to save an
amount of money to pay off the debts. 10. Competent teachers are ---- equipped
with a number of teaching styles which
A) our / we B) we / it help them create a perfect learning
C) ours / us D) they / its environment.
E) their / us
A) those B) this
PRONOUNS

C) them D) their
E) that
4. If ---- wants to get a scholarship, ---- has to
get high marks from the tests given. 11. Dealing with a child’s education in
the early years of his life is ---- but the
A) she / one B) the one / she parents’ responsibility.
C) one / one D) he / the one
E) one’s / she A) anybody B) everybody
C) somebody D) nothing else
E) nobody’s

5. As I felt distressed, I was ready to go ---- 12. The only people affected by the
right away that could make me feel safe. repression in Germany are the Germans,
who are given no chance to defend ----.
A) something B) nowhere else
C) everywhere D) nowhere A) by itself B) them
E) anywhere C) they D) themselves
E) their

6. Whenever my sister has to speak in front

of public, ---- face blushes and ---- begins 13. The accountant said that it was ---- who
to stutter. caused the budget deficit and therefore
---- was laid off.
A) my / he B) mine / my
C) her / she D) her / hers A) his / his B) his / it
E) hers / it C) himself / himself D) him / he
E) by himself / of his own

34
14. After a hard day’s work, there is ---- like 20. Exercise is ---- that everybody should do on
sinking into a relaxing spa and allowing your a regular basis.
cares and worries to melt away.
A) nothing else
A) nowhere else B) something
B) somewhere C) anywhere
C) nothing D) something else
D) something else E) nowhere
E) anyone

15. I wish I had a car ---- then I wouldn’t have to 21. ---- was a hard time for Rose when ---- had
put up with the bad condition of the public to stay in bed for two months due to the
transportation. operation.

A) mine B) of my own A) That / she B) It / her

C) its own D) by myself C) Those / she’s D) These / her
E) myself E) It / hers

16. Bats are warm-blooded animals, but unlike 22. The effect of TV has not been ---- like as
most ---- warm-blooded animals, they detrimental to reading habits as people
w w w. d i l k o y a y i n c i l i k . c o m

maintain their body temperature only when feared it would be.

active.
A) everything B) nothing else
A) the others B) some others C) nothing D) anything
C) other D) every other E) something else
E) others

17. Without ---- parents’ support, young people 23. Some individuals are born with deafness,
are more likely to make mistakes and whereas ---- acquire ---- with age and
damage ---- future prospects. different varied reasons.

A) theirs / their B) his / him A) other / that B) another / them

C) them / himself D) their / their C) others / it D) the other / this
E) its / their E) the others / those

24. Small home appliances of ---- brand are

18. If your injury was the result of ----
known to be reliable as ---- scarcely need
individual’s negligence, then you can file
maintenance.
a claim to seek financial compensation for
your injury. A) those / them
B) that / themselves
A) another B) others
C) this / they
C) each other D) every other
D) that / their
E) the others
E) these / by themselves

25. People learning a second language usually

19. A chimpanzee’s sound-producing anatomy
have difficulties in expressing ---- clearly.
is highly different from ---- of a human.
A) them B) theirs
A) this B) itself
C) on their own D) by themselves
C) its D) them
E) themselves
E) that

35
 ANSWER KEY

ANSWER KEY
ANswer key

13. himself
Pronouns 14. herself
15. herself
16. himself
Exercise 1 17. herself
1. she 18. by himself
2. it 19. oneself
3. you 20. themselves
4. him 21. yourself
5. them 22. herself
6. him /her 23. yourself
7. her 24. herself
8. him 25. by myself
9. they
Exercise 4
Exercise 2 1. others
1. mine 2. another
2. your 3. the other
3. my 4. others
4. hers 5. the other
w w w. d i l k o y a y i n c i l i k . c o m

5. his 6. other
6. theirs 7. other
7. ours 8. another
8. our 9. others
9. my 10. other
10. mine 11. others
11. their 12. each other (= one another)
12. your (= our) 13. another
13. their 14. The others
14. her 15. another
15. its 16. any other
16. yours 17. another
17. his 18. one after the other
18. their 19. other
19. ours 20. others
20. mine 21. one after another
21. hers 22. others
22. mine 23. No other
23. their / their 24. the other
24. your / your 25. another
25. their 26. the other
27. every other
Exercise 3 28. other
1. by yourself 29. others
2. itself 30. another
3. by himself
4. himself Exercise 5
5. yourself 1E 2B 3A 4B 5C 6D
6. by himself
7. by myself Exercise 6
8. by themselves 1. something
9. herself (himself) 2. Anybody (= Anyone)
10. themselves 3. Nobody (= No one)
11. themselves 4. somebody (= someone)
12. myself 5. anything

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 ANswer key
6. nobody (= no one) 12. themselves
7. Somebody (= Someone) 13. each other (= one another)
8. nothing 14. nothing
9. anything 15. the one
10. something 16. those of
11. someone 17. anybody (= anyone)
12. anything 18. yours
13. nothing 19. another
14. anything else 20. us
15. somewhere 21. those
16. something 22. that
17. anyone 23. those of
18. nowhere else 24. These
19. anyone 25. one after another
20. anywhere else 26. others
21. anyone 27. the other
22. everywhere 28. another
23. Anybody 29. the other
24. Nothing else 30. every other
25. someone else (= somebody else)
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Revision 2
Exercise 7 1B 2A 3A 4B 5A 6B 7B 8A 9B 10B 11A 12A 13B
1D 2C 3B 4E 5C 6B 7A 8D 9A 10B 14A 15B 16B 17B 18A 19B 20A

Exercise 8 Revision 3
1. those of 1. us
2. those 2. itself
3. that 3. ones
4. Those 4. nobody
5. that of 5. myself
6. this 6. another
7. that of 7. by myself / on my own
8. These 8. themselves
9. yourself
Exercise 9 10. anybody / someone
1. hers 11. something
2. his 12. one another / each other
3. us 13. himself
4. them 14. no one else’s
5. us 15. their
6. mine
7. me / mine Pronouns - Test 1
1B 2C 3C 4E 5B 6C 7D 8E 9E 10E 11D 12E
Revision 1 13C 14B 15C 16D 17C 18B 19E 20E
1. her
2. that of Pronouns - Test 2
3. their 1B 2C 3D 4B 5C 6B 7A 8A 9E 10C 11D 12B
4. Nothing 13A 14C 15E 16A 17E 18E 19B 20B
5. the one
6. by themselves Pronouns - Test 3
7. other 1B 2E 3A 4C 5E 6C 7A 8C 9B 10A 11E 12D
8. ones 13D 14C 15B 16C 17D 18A 19E 20B 21A 22D
9. those of 23C 24C 25E
10. somewhere
11. his

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ANswer key

7. was reading / fell / closed / tiptoed

tenses 8. were having / appeared / didn’t know /
managed
9. worked / were doing
Simple Tenses 10. fascinated / had / were doing / were
working / didn’t pay / were standing
11. graduated
Exercise 1 12. died out
1. is cooking / Do you want 13. increased
2. are carrying 14. had
3. is going 15. disappeared
4. eats / is eating 16. wanted
5. drink / am drinking 17. lived
6. is smelling 18. caused
7. don’t taste 19. affected
8. end 20. demonstrated
9. are spending 21. called
10. look / am thinking 22. was playing / found
11. have 23. was trying / heard
12. use 24. fell off / was climbing
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13. wants 25. managed / was dealing with

14. shows 26. were trying /arrived
15. provides 27. was walking / made
16. have 28. arrived / were waiting
17. leaves 29. migrated
18. deal with 30. foretold
19. don’t appreciate 31. failed
20. use 32. invaded
21. remains 33. generated
22. covers 34. began / attacked
23. is looking for 35. withdrew
24. is studying 36. doubled
25. is already playing 37. weren’t eating / was cleaning
26. are working 38. stole / was trying
27. are planning 39. wasn’t working / took place
28. is getting 40. were travelling / broke down
29. am meeting 41. decided / was studying
30. are moving out 42. were sunbathing / reached
31. don’t drink / prefer
32. use Exercise 3
33. doesn’t contribute 1. will be giving (is going to give)
34. drink / add 2. are going to hold
35. are reading 3. will be sunbathing
36. is having 4. will be celebrating
37. am living 5. will develop
38. is driving 6. will be studying (am going to study)
39. is cooking 7. will remain
8. am going to fly
Exercise 2 9. will be
1. was revising / heard 10. will be having
2. were looking / was giving 11. is going to apply
3. destroyed 12. will understand
4. arrived / began 13. am going to attend
5. were getting / succeeded 14. is going to take
6. twisted / was executing 15. will become

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 ANswer key
16. will be working Perfect Tenses
17. will be having
18. will be shaving
19. will be celebrating Exercise 5
20. will be sleeping 1. have known / thought
21. will be working 2. has received
22. is going to burst 3. have led
23. won’t fail 4. have watched / watched
24. will be working 5. have known
25. will be watching 6. worked / were
26. will be holding 7. haven’t had / have been
8. lived
Exercise 4 9. has made
1. used 10. made / was / died
2. has / consists
3. will probably cancel Exercise 6
4. contains / allows 1. has drunk
5. was going to play / aches 2. have read / have been
6. won’t win / will fall 3. has dropped
7. came / date 4. haven’t found
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8. left 5. have been studying

9. were arguing / walked 6. have reached
10. are looking 7. has been trying
11. broke / arrived 8. have spent
12. will be working 9. has been grading / has graded
13. come / is 10. has been writing / has sent
14. showed / were 11. has changed
15. has / attacks 12. have used
16. was going to have 13. have suggested
17. feel / prescribed 14. has won
18. was walking / felt 15. have been smoking
19. is planning 16. has explained
20. had / will require 17. has just exploded
21. remains 18. has played
22. adapt 19. has been
23. don’t improve / are 20. have discovered
24. are growing 21. has evolved / have become
25. died 22. has watered
26. brought 23. has been raining
27. were studying 24. have been cooking
28. were enjoying / wanted 25. has been working
29. will reach 26. have been following
30. are going to sell 27. has been driving
28. have always been
29. has been
30. has been working
31. has become
32. has been snowing
33. has increased
34. has found
35. have applied
36. have been working
37. has been writing
38. has been

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ANswer key

39. has been explaining Exercise 8

40. have utilized 1. will have explained
41. has been serving 2. will have introduced
3. will have lived (= will have been living)
Exercise 7 4. will have built
1. had studied 5. will have been working / will have finished
2. has been swimming 6. will have been
3. had been lying 7. will have finished
4. has never smoked 8. will have moved
5. have spent 9. will have died out
6. had been lying 10. will have completed
7. has played 11. will have decided
8. has been writing 12. will have cleaned
9. had studied 13. will have closed
10. had escaped 14. will have been studying
11. have always wanted 15. will have been waiting
12. had walked away 16. will have been living
13. had locked 17. will have been working
14. had almost finished 18. will have been cooking
15. has finished 19. will have been waiting
w w w. d i l k o y a y i n c i l i k . c o m

16. have started 20. will have been teaching

17. had forgotten 21. will have finished
18. had left 22. will have been living
19. had expanded 23. will have been studying
20. had already left 24. will have been teaching
21. had bought
22. had already hired Revision 1
23. had already reduced 1. have grown
24. had lived 2. has been
25. had forgotten 3. had told
26. had already been 4. have been / have disappeared
27. had already travelled 5. have had
28. began / had published 6. had done
29. had completed / asked 7. has happened
30. had walked / heard 8. had hunted
31. had developed 9. have been violating
32. had solved 10. had been feeding
33. had been sleeping 11. will have arrived
34. had been living / moved back 12. will have become
35. had been teaching 13. hadn’t found
36. had been working / got 14. has been
37. have been dating 15. has been blocking
38. have discovered 16. arrived / had been giving
39. have made 17. have used
40. have downloaded 18. will have been working
41. didn’t know/ had stayed 19. will have increased
42. had arrived 20. had been trying
43. arrived / had been 21. will be / apply
44. had known / was 22. will wait / feed
45. met / had lost 23. will call / go
46. had passed 24. won’t be / leaves
47. had been smoking 25. spreads
26. switched / came
27. will go / announce
28. were playing / were looking for

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 ANswer key
29. became Revision 6
30. occurs / suffers 1A 2A 3B 4A 5B 6A 7B 8B 9A 10A 11B 12A 13B
31. have forgotten 14B 15A 16A 17B 18A 19A 20B
32. have spent / got
33. were showing off / were getting Revision 7
34. was getting 1. was sitting
35. has prohibited / apologizes 2. looked for / had looked for
36. left / haven’t eaten 3. visit / have visited / have been visiting
4. have been arguing / have argued
Revision 2 5. will perceive
1. has been driving / has driven 6. would be / was
2. specialized / lasted 7. is going to buy / will buy / has bought
3. succeeds (= has succeeded) 8. have spent / spend
4. have lost 9. consists
5. was / had been killed 10. laid
6. have studied / died 11. have undergone
7. have changed 12. will have taken
8. died / had been 13. completed / had completed
9. wanted 14. will make / are going to make / have made
10. has been searching
15. discovered
w w w. d i l k o y a y i n c i l i k . c o m

Revision 3 Tenses - Test 1

1. will have tripled
1B 2E 3C 4A 5E 6B 7C 8E 9A 10B 11B 12A
2. have been sitting (= have sat)
13E 14E 15A 16B 17D 18E 19D 20E
3. work
4. had to
Tenses - Test 2
5. will try / has taken over (takes over)
1A 2B 3D 4A 5C 6B 7B 8E 9A 10A 11E 12B
6. have had / seems
13E 14C 15A 16C 17E 18A 19B 20E
7. arrived
8. needed
9. have come
Tenses - Test 3
10. heard 1B 2B 3C 4D 5E 6A 7E 8E 9A 10C 11A 12D
13B 14E 15C 16C 17B 18D 19E 20E 21C 22B
Revision 4 23D 24B 25A
1. called / will cause
2. had been waiting / began
3. used / has used
4. arrived / had started
5. decided / started
6. had been drifting / spotted
7. had had (= had, was having)
8. was going to call / hasn’t called
9. were planning (planned)
10. is going to leave / hadn’t bought

Revision 5
1. have studied / have remained
2. have lost / will be living
3. have been receiving (have received)
4. was established / have been developing
5. started / had appeared (appeared)
6. ate / haven’t tried
7. hadn’t learnt
8. has saved
9. haven’t had / will have visited
10. had offended / wanted

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ANswer key

24. must provide

Modals 25. had to fight
26. needn’t have studied
27. don’t have to attend
Exercise 1 28. didn’t have to wait
1. couldn’t read 29. must be
2. can’t tolerate
3. was able to save Exercise 3
4. were able to understand 1. mustn’t enter
5. hasn’t been able to go out 2. must not park
6. can learn (= are able to learn) 3. cannot wear
7. was able to score 4. mustn’t use
8. will be able to live (= can live) 5. can enter
9. will be able to join / can join 6. cannot make
10. were able to get to 7. can log in
11. could play 8. weren’t allowed to compete
12. couldn’t finish 9. cannot leave
13. could use 10. weren’t allowed to use
14. cannot grow 11. cannot hand in
15. can demonstrate 12. mustn’t use
w w w. d i l k o y a y i n c i l i k . c o m

16. couldn’t stand 13. can’t use

17. was able to finish 14. mustn’t park
18. has been able to understand
19. couldn’t sleep Exercise 4
20. cannot grow 1. may help
21. can store 2. must have started
22. are able to memorize 3. can’t have said
23. can produce 4. may have misunderstood
5. must have been
Exercise 2 6. might be
1. must do (= have to / need to do) 7. must have been sleeping
2. mustn’t park 8. might have gone
3. had to cancel 9. could have been daydreaming
4. Do we have to inform (= Do we need to 10. should come
inform) 11. must learn
5. don’t have to go (= don’t need to go) 12. may be
6. needn’t have bought 13. might be
7. mustn’t go out 14. can’t be
8. don’t have to overwork (= don’t need to 15. may not be
overwork) 16. may go on
9. didn’t need to call (= didn’t have to call) 17. can’t be
10. needn’t have stuffed 18. can behave
11. had to take 19. may feel
12. didn’t need to take (= didn’t have to take) 20. can make
13. have to attend 21. might be cooking / could be reading
14. need to group 22. must be feeling
15. had to call 23. can’t have been
16. do not have to wear 24. might have invented
17. needn’t have prepared 25. could have finished
18. must be 26. couldn’t have completed
19. don’t have to work 27. should be feeling
20. need to plan 28. could have prevented
21. didn’t need to resign 29. must have received
22. must finish 30. might bring about
23. need to go 31. might forget

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 ANswer key
32. can’t have participated 5. was to have attended
33. couldn’t have chosen 6. are supposed to be
34. might have avoided 7. is to pass
8. are supposed to leave
Exercise 5
1. can log in Exercise 9
2. might leave 1. are used to violating
3. may be used 2. used to be
4. do you mind 3. used to think
5. Would you mind 4. have got used to eating
5. get used to living
Exercise 6 6. used to work
1. should cover 7. is not used to working
2. should be 8. are used to reading (= have got used to
3. ought to have done reading)
4. had better read 9. used to stay
5. had better finish 10. used to be
6. shouldn’t have left 11. accustomed to spending
7. should take 12. used to
8. ought to be doing 13. used to living
w w w. d i l k o y a y i n c i l i k . c o m

9. had better change 14. used to earn

10. should have informed 15. would ride / would go
11. had better wear 16. used to be
12. should have noticed 17. used to be
13. shouldn’t leave 18. Did you use to smoke
14. should be 19. didn’t use to involve
15. had better turn off 20. used to earning
21. used to work
Exercise 7 22. used to work
1. would rather 23. get accustomed to working
2. would prefer 24. are not used to
3. would prefer 25. used to sell
4. would rather
5. would rather Revision 1
6. would rather 1. was able to ski
7. would prefer 2. must be chairing
8. would rather 3. can’t have been (= couldn’t have been)
9. would / prefer - would prefer 4. mustn’t ask
10. Would / rather - would prefer 5. was to have attended (= was supposed to
11. would rather have attended)
12. would rather 6. must have made
13. would prefer 7. is supposed to do
14. would prefer 8. should apply (= must / have to / need to
15. would rather apply)
16. would prefer 9. should have ended (= ought to have
17. would rather ended)
18. would prefer 10. will have been able to deal with
19. would rather
20. would prefer Revision 2
1. can reduce (= are able to reduce)
Exercise 8 2. were able to bring
1. was supposed to have finished 3. should have got (= ought to have got)
2. are supposed to be posted 4. must be
3. was supposed to pay 5. should have shown (= ought to have
4. are supposed to hand in shown)

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ANswer key

6. needn’t have paid / could have lent (= 10. must be

might / would have lent) 11. have to wear
7. couldn’t have bought 12. must have been feeling
8. would rather have stayed 13. were able to identify
9. can protect (= may / might / could protect) 14. would rather have prepared
10. mustn’t make 15. was able to get

Revision 3 Modals - Test 1

1. are to have (= are supposed to have) / 1E 2C 3B 4C 5C 6E 7E 8E 9A 10C 11E 12E
must do (= should / ought to / have to / 13A 14D 15D 16D 17E 18B 19C 20B
need to do)
2. might have left (= may / could have left) Modals - Test 2
3. must have studied 1E 2D 3C 4C 5C 6E 7C 8B 9B 10D 11A 12C
4. should have noticed (= ought to have 13E 14A 15E 16C 17B 18E 19E 20A
noticed
5. must keep (= should / have to / need to Modals - Test 3
keep) 1A 2C 3B 4E 5D 6C 7A 8E 9B 10D 11D 12A
6. can lower (= may / might / could lower) 13B 14E 15A 16B 17A 18A 19D 20B 21C 22E
7. don’t have to dress (= don’t need to / 23E 24A 25D
needn’t dress)
w w w. d i l k o y a y i n c i l i k . c o m

8. needn’t have bought

9. can’t have been driving (= couldn’t have
been driving)
10. would rather not have invited

Revision 4
1. was able to get
2. couldn’t have walked
3. would rather have had
4. may have (= might / could / can have)
5. must be taking (must have taken)
6. must have been
7. used to like
8. could have been (= might / would have
been) / might have caused (= could / would
have caused)
9. must have earned
10. mustn’t touch (= shouldn’t / ought not to
touch)

Revision 5
1A 2A 3B 4A 5B 6B 7A 8A 9B 10A 11B 12B 13A
14A 15B 16A 17B 18B 19B 20A 21A 21B 23B
24B 25A 26B 27A 28B 29A 30B

Revision 6
1. can’t have been
2. would spend / used to spend
3. should have waited
4. must finish
5. used to have
6. may be hiding / could be hiding
7. must be
8. needn’t bring
9. can make

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 ANswer key
Passive & Causative Exercise 4
1. It is thought (that) the prime minister is a
good speaker.
Exercise 1 The prime minister is thought to be a good
1. All the people who lived in that town were speaker.
affected by the fumes from the chemical 2. The suspended gunman is reported to be
factory.
in custody.
2. This building has been owned by the
It is reported (that) the suspended gunman
richest family of the country for a hundred
is in custody.
years.
3. It isn’t expected (that) the new party will
3. Appropriate eye protection must be worn
win the election.
by the workers when working with this
The new party isn’t expected to win the
material.
election.
4. High rates of inflation are caused by an
4. It is said (that) the principal is free.
excessive growth of the money supply.
The principal is said to be free.
5. The book is going to be published in a few
5. It is known (that) the robber has left the
weeks.
city.
6. The building has been destroyed by the
new owner. The robber is known to have left the city.
6. It is believed (that) giving encouragement
w w w. d i l k o y a y i n c i l i k . c o m

7. The building had already been left by the

workers before the fire started. is important at work, too.
8. I will be informed of the meeting date by Giving encouragement is believed to be
the secretary. important at work, too.
9. The new product will be released by the 7. It was told us (that) Charles drank too
vendor tomorrow. much at the party.
10. A ticket was being written by the traffic Charles was told to have drunk too much
warden when I arrived. at the party.

Exercise 2 Exercise 5
1. Excessive amounts of caffeine should not 1. It is known (that) drug addiction is
be consumed by pregnant women. dangerous.
2. Several million people around the world 2. The lunch is believed to be delicious.
have been killed by earthquakes in the last 3. The children are thought to be at school.
500 years. 4. It is said (that) the robbery lasted half an
3. not possible hour.
4. not possible 5. He is acknowledged to be talented.
5. The dishes were carefully placed on the 6. He was reported to have won the jackpot.
table by the waitress. 7. It is thought (that) your tea is too sweet.
6. not possible 8. The old bridge is said to collapse.
7. The basic rules of insulation are going to
be taught by the instructor. Exercise 6
8. The mistake in the textbook was noticed by 1. to have been built
most of the students. 2. to have invented
9. not possible 3. to be influenced
10. The engine will have been repaired by the 4. to have used
mechanic by the end of the day. 5. to have written
6. to have been interrogated
Exercise 3 7. to be
1. was performed / were carried out 8. to be
2. can be done 9. to win
3. have to be checked 10. to have
4. have been advertised
5. are taken
6. should be made
7. have been sent

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ANswer key

Exercise 7 Revision 1
1C 2B 3B 4A 5D 6E 7C 8B 9A 10D 1. has been translated
2. to do
Exercise 8 3. may / might / could / can have
1. At least eleven countries are claimed to 4. were cut
have provided advance warning to the US 5. are linked
of the 9/11 attacks. 6. doesn’t expect / will be appreciated
2. Architectural images are known to be 7. have been completed
defined through urban planning. 8. are consumed
3. The theatre with a capacity of 5,000 seats 9. was captured
is believed to have been used as an arena. 10. is compared
4. Long-term or chronic stress is thought to
affect the brain’s learning and memory Revision 2
region. 1. aren’t allowed
5. The soldiers are known to have been 2. has been settled
struggling for their country. 3. published / has been praised
6. The bombings are thought to have been 4. should / must be stirred /
carried out by young men born and bred in 5. organized
Yorkshire. 6. killed / injured
7. will be done (= must / should be done)
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Exercise 9 8. will be prosecuted

1. to take 9. was taken / underwent
2. eat 10. have been held
3. fixed
4. finish Revision 3
5. to change 1. was reduced
6. deliver 2. are found
7. washed / dried / folded 3. was colonized
8. cleaned 4. is swallowed
9. (to) get over 5. was killed
10. invite 6. is thought / will influence
11. have (= get) / repaired 7. could have been avoided (= might / would
12. had (= got) / collected have been avoided)
13. have / design 8. will be given
14. to overwork 9. gain
15. get (= have) / fixed 10. arrange
16. got / to create
17. set Revision 4
18. have / remember 1. is considered
2. will be answered
Exercise 10 3. was tested
4. use
1. to be invited 5. was organized (= must have been
2. being exposed organized)
3. having been involved (= being involved) 6. has made
4. to be chosen 7. is associated
5. to be appreciated 8. faced / is expecting
6. to be promoted 9. was offered
7. to be included 10. can be done (= must / should be done)
8. being criticized
9. having been teased (= being teased) Revision 5
10. to have been invited 1. get (= have) / tested
2. have / sew
3. get / to check
4. have (= get) / prepared

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5. have (= get) / cut
6. get (= have) / fixed Conjunctions
7. have (= get) / vaccinated
8. have / fax
9. get / to colour Exercise 1
1. until
Revision 6 2. After
1B 2B 3A 4B 5A 6A 7A 8B 9A 10B 11B 12A 13B 3. While
14A 15A 16B 17A 18B 19B 20A 4. When
5. Since
Revision 7 6. Before
1. is being exported 7. When
2. are burnt 8. by the time
3. don’t carry
4. can be affected Exercise 2
5. may be built 1A 2E 3B 4B 5D 6A 7C 8B
6. may have settled
7. has released Exercise 3
8. have been overlooked 1. so that
9. are faced 2. so that
w w w. d i l k o y a y i n c i l i k . c o m

10. met 3. so that

11. get 4. because
12. alleged 5. so that
13. to take in 6. because
14. serviced 7. because
8. so that
Passive & Causative - Test 1 9. Because
1A 2B 3A 4B 5E 6E 7D 8A 9C 10C 11E 12E 10. so that
13A 14B 15A 16A 17E 18E 19A 20A
Exercise 4
Passive & Causative - Test 2 1. such
1C 2B 3D 4A 5B 6B 7C 8A 9C 10B 11C 12A 2. such
13B 14E 15B 16A 17E 18C 19E 20C 3. such
4. so
Passive & Causative - Test 3 5. such
1B 2E 3B 4D 5D 6C 7B 8E 9D 10B 11B 12B 6. so
13A 14A 15C 16E 17C 18C 19D 20B 21A 22D 7. so
23B 24E 25C 8. Such
9. so

Exercise 5
1B 2A 3B 4A 5B 6B 7A 8B 9A

Exercise 6
1. since
2. Inasmuch as
3. because
4. because of
5. Now that
6. such / that
7. for
8. in that
9. in view of
10. lest
11. Since

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12. so that 8. not only / but also (= both / and)

13. so that 9. not only / as well
14. in order that 10. whether / or not
15. lest 11. either / or
16. in order that 12. neither / nor

Exercise 7 Exercise 12
1. No matter 1. Unlike
2. Even if 2. such as
3. as 3. despite / in spite of
4. Whereas 4. Contrary to
5. no matter 5. due to
6. Even if 6. as well as
7. Although 7. Like
8. though 8. Despite / In spite of
9. No matter
10. although Exercise 13
11. Although 1E 2B 3B 4A 5E 6D 7E 8D
12. Though
13. whereas Exercise 14
w w w. d i l k o y a y i n c i l i k . c o m

14. Even if 1. however (= nevertheless)

2. As a result (= Therefore / That’s why)
Exercise 8 3. Otherwise
1A 2C 3B 4A 5B 6C 7A 8D 4. In addition (= Furthermore)
5. As a result (= Therefore / That’s why)
Exercise 9
1. Unless Exercise 15
2. Supposing 1C 2B 3D 4B
3. If
4. in case Exercise 16
5. unless 1. ..., when it is applied to the damaged skin,
6. Only if ...
7. in case 2. While he was examining urine in his
8. unless laboratory, ...
9. If 3. ... if they are washed in the dishwasher.
10. If 4. ... since we got married five years ago.
11. Only if 5. After she had been arrested for killing two
12. If of her sons, ...
13. unless 6. ... when they are fixing the dates of their
14. If festivals.
15. Providing that 7. Because he was still dissatisfied with the
16. Unless amount of data he had collected, ...
17. as long as 8. While he was replacing the broken tiles on
the roof, ...
Exercise 10
1C 2D 3B 4E 5C 6A 7A 8B 9D 10E Exercise 17
1. no sooner
Exercise 11 2. hardly
1. neither / nor 3. No sooner
2. Whether / or 4. No sooner
3. either / or 5. Hardly
4. either / or 6. no sooner
5. both / and 7. hardly
6. Neither / nor
7. Whether / or

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Revision 1 8. As
1. such as 9. in that
2. nor 10. In view of
3. Because of (= As a result of / Due to) 11. that’s why
4. While 12. If
5. Since 13. If
6. Because of 14. Only if
7. due to 15. If
8. Now that 16. Provided
9. as a result of 17. If
10. Although 18. Providing that
11. even though 19. Unless
20. If
Revision 2 21. as long as
1. but for
2. so that Revision 6
3. Despite 1. though
4. Despite 2. Much as
5. In spite of 3. Even if
6. so that 4. yet
w w w. d i l k o y a y i n c i l i k . c o m

7. so that 5. Still
8. in order that 6. Contrary to
7. As opposed to
Revision 3 8. as if (= as though)
1. such / as 9. Except for
2. not only / but also 10. Unlike
3. Although (= Even though) 11. such as
4. as a consequence of 12. in fact
5. so as to 13. Instead of
6. In spite of
7. on the other hand Revision 7
8. So as to 1. In addition to
9. So as to 2. Moreover
10. so as to 3. In addition
4. Furthermore
Revision 4 5. Also
1. such as 6. For instance
2. nevertheless 7. that is
3. because of 8. In other words
4. not only / but also (= both / and) 9. That is to say
5. Not only / but also 10. that is
6. not only / as well 11. For instance
7. either / or 12. In other words
8. both / and 13. That is
9. both / and
10. neither / nor Revision 8
1A 2A 3B 4A 5B 6A 7B 8A 9A 10B 11B 12A 13B
Revision 5 14A 15A 16A
1. Seeing that
2. Owing to Revision 9
3. Thanks to 1. No matter
4. Consequently 2. During
5. Thus 3. Nonetheless / Nevertheless / However
6. for 4. Although
7. Accordingly 5. for instance / for example

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6. Not only / but

Adjective Clauses
7. despite / in spite of
8. As / Because / Since
(relative Clauses)

Exercise 1
Conjunctions - Test 1 1. which
1C 2D 3C 4E 5B 6B 7E 8B 9C 10C 11E 12D 2. who
13A 14A 15B 16B 17C 18A 19D 20B 3. who
4. which
Conjunctions - Test 2 5. who
1C 2D 3B 4B 5E 6C 7C 8C 9E 10A 11E 12E 6. which
13C 14D 15E 16B 17E 18C 19A 20B 7. which
8. who
Conjunctions - Test 3 9. which
10. who
1A 2E 3C 4B 5C 6C 7C 8A 9B 10D 11B 12A
13C 14B 15E 16A 17B 18C 19D 20E 21B 22A Exercise 2
23D 24C 25A 1. who
2. X
3. X
w w w. d i l k o y a y i n c i l i k . c o m

4. X
5. that
6. that

Exercise 3
1. by which
2. at which
3. that (= which)
4. from which
5. to whom
6. that (= which)
7. by which
8. with which

Exercise 4
1. I have an old computer in my room, whose
monitor is rather small.
I have an old computer in my room, the
monitor of which is rather small.
2. My girlfriend, whose father has changed
his job, is moving to another city.
3. Henry wants to change his car whose
engine is almost useless.
Henry wants to change his car, the engine
of which is almost useless.
4. Our new English teacher, whose accent
is native-like, has impressed all of the
students.
5. There are lots of high buildings in this city
whose air is incredibly polluted.
There are lots of high buildings in this city,
the air of which is incredibly polluted.
6. My sister, whose friends insulted her very
badly, is crying in her room.

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Exercise 5 20. where
1. which 21. why
2. where 22. where
3. where 23. when
4. where 24. why
5. which 25. when
6. which
7. where Exercise 8
8. where 1A 2B 3B 4C 5A 6B 7A 8B 9C 10C
9. where
10. which Exercise 9
11. whom 1. which (= that)
12. which 2. where (= in which)
13. who 3. who
14. who 4. which (= that)
15. in which 5. whose
6. which
Exercise 6 7. whose
1. most of whose 8. that
2. which 9. which
w w w. d i l k o y a y i n c i l i k . c o m

3. who 10. which

4. which 11. who
5. half of which 12. which / that
6. who 13. to whom
7. only a few of which 14. who
8. that 15. whose
9. none of whom 16. who
10. who 17. of which
11. which 18. whose
12. all of which 19. who
13. who
14. both of whom Exercise 10
15. which 1. John Smith, accused of economic crimes,
16. neither of which tax evasion and fraud, is being accused of
attempted murder now.
Exercise 7 2. After the negotiations with the trade
1. where unions, female employees having young
2. where children are invited to use the free
3. why day-care centre.
4. when 3. The process uses an innovative digital
5. where technology imprinting the products with as
6. when many colours as the image contains.
7. why 4. The Egyptians were the first to have come
8. why up with an alphabetical system around
9. where 2700 BC.
10. when / when 5. The levees constructed along the
11. where Mississippi River are designed to prevent
12. why it from overflowing its banks during heavy
13. when periods of rain.
14. where 6. Usain Bolt, having been disqualified from
15. when the men’s 100m final after a false start,
16. where
made no such mistake in the 200m.
17. why
7. True vegetarians do not eat flesh coming
18. where
from any living creature, including fish.
19. where

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8. Roger and his friends, having lost their way 6. aiming

through the woods, tried to find a place to 7. talking
spend the night. 8. accepted
9. The perpetrators responsible for the 9. promoted
vandalism at the high school have not 10. behaving
been apprehended yet. 11. starring
10. Star Wars, directed by George Lucas, is 12. having lived
considered one of the greatest science 13. regarding
fiction movies ever made. 14. offering
15. doing
Exercise 11 16. used
1. An adult who is sitting in a relaxed position 17. offering
inhales approximately one pint of air with 18. founded
every breath. 19. living
2. Our bodies come fully equipped with a 20. having developed
temperature centre in the brain, which 21. having been used
consists of a control centre, a heating
centre, and a cooling centre. Revision 1
3. The aorta is the great trunk artery which / 1. where (= in which)
that carries blood from the heart to the rest 2. who (= that)
w w w. d i l k o y a y i n c i l i k . c o m

of the body. 3. which

4. The light which / that is given off by a piece 4. who (= that)
of the Sun’s surface, which is the size of a 5. which (= that)
postage stamp, is more than five hundred 6. whom
60-watt light bulbs. 7. which (= that)
5. Out of all the fish which / that are caught in 8. why
the world, about three quarters are eaten 9. who (= that)
as food. The other quarter is used to make 10. which
such things as glue, soap, margarine, pet 11. where (= at which)
food and fertilizer. 12. which
6. A special substance which / that is found 13. who (= that)
in the scales of some fish is used to make 14. when (= at which)
a paint which / that is coated on to glass 15. whose
beads to make imitation pearls. 16. where (= in which)
7. The amount of protein which / that is 17. which
produced from a field of soya beans is 13
times greater than the same field which / Revision 2
that is used to graze cattle for meat. 1. which
8. The world’s most durable car is a diesel 2. for which
engine, a 1957 Mercedes 180D, which 3. where (= in which)
travelled 1.90 million km in 21 years. 4. which
9. The bones of some animals, which include 5. whom (= who / that)
rodents and many invertebrates, also 6. when (= in which)
provide clues about ancient climates. 7. whose
10. Paintings which / that are found in caves 8. who
in Algeria, which date from about the fifth 9. where (= in which)
century, show giraffes, hippopotamuses 10. which
and lions. 11. when
12. who
Exercise 12 13. where (= in which)
1. known 14. which (= that)
2. playing 15. why (= for which)
3. wanting 16. whose
4. directed 17. whom (= who)
5. accepted 18. where (= on which)

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19. which
Gerund & Infinitive
20. who
21. some of which
& Participle
22. half of which
23. that Exercise 1
24. most of which Active Passive
25. which 1. to write to be written
26. who 2. write be written
27. which 3. to be writing ________
28. who 4. to have written to have been written
29. both of whom 5. to have been writing ________
30. a few of which 6. writing being written
31. most of whose 7. having written having been written
32. neither of whom 8. having been writing ________

Revision 3 Exercise 2
1B 2B 3A 4B 5A 6A 7B 8A 9B 10A 11A 12B 13A 1. being
14B 15B 16B 17A 18B 19A 20B 21A 22B 23A 2. (to) achieve
24B 25A 26B 27B 28A 29B 30A 3. wasting
4. burst
w w w. d i l k o y a y i n c i l i k . c o m

Revision 4 5. not to use

1. when / in which 6. telling
2. that / which 7. control
3. that / which 8. crying
4. of which 9. to tell
5. whose 10. to do
6. of whom 11. Getting
7. which / that 12. Obtaining
8. which 13. Acquiring
9. that / who 14. Being
10. when / during which 15. Not using
11. which 16. Consuming
12. whose 17. to keep
13. by which 18. to help
14. which / that 19. knowing
15. that / who 20. being
21. To see / to look
Adjective Clauses - Test 1 22. To trust
1B 2C 3C 4A 5B 6A 7D 8E 9D 10D 11B 12D 23. To lead
13A 14E 15B 16B 17C 18D 19C 20C 24. to lose
25. speaking / sticking
Adjective Clauses - Test 2 26. to consume
1B 2B 3C 4D 5A 6E 7B 8D 9B 10E 11D 12B 27. showing
13E 14D 15B 16D 17E 18B 19B 20E 28. Having
29. Not smoking
Adjective Clauses - Test 3 30. to catch
1B 2D 3A 4C 5A 6D 7C 8A 9A 10C 11D 12D 31. Reading
13C 14C 15E 16E 17A 18D 19E 20B 21D 22D 32. Swimming
23D 24A 25A 33. starting
34. not watching
35. eating

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Exercise 3 Exercise 7
1. to send 1E 2A 3C 4B 5A 6D 7B 8C
2. having done (= doing)
3. accepting Exercise 8
4. watching 1. to do
5. having visited (= visiting) 2. to help
6. to check 3. to pay
7. to have 4. not being informed
8. to hurt 5. to take
9. to reach 6. to announcing
10. washing
11. cutting Exercise 9
12. to tell 1. answering
13. to bring 2. to defeat
14. not seeing 3. visiting
15. setting 4. repairing
16. not doing 5. to get into / needing
17. to keep / leave 6. being / to work
18. shopping 7. to sponsor
19. to hurt 8. being judged
w w w. d i l k o y a y i n c i l i k . c o m

20. to explain 9. to be celebrated

21. to hurt
22. talking Exercise 10
23. to rest 1. to express
2. to make / to persuade / to buy
24. doing
3. to play
25. using
4. to enter
26. to condition
5. painting / to paint
27. to commit
6. to get
28. having
7. talking
29. working
8. taking
Exercise 4
Exercise 11
1C 2B 3E 4B 5D 6C 7B 8E 9A
1. improving (= to be improved)
2. repairing (= to be repaired)
Exercise 5 3. polishing (= to be polished)
1. to reach
4. painting (= to be painted)
2. to see 5. discussing (= to be discussed)
3. to admit 6. revising (= to be revised)
4. to hear
5. to sign Exercise 12
6. to put 1. Having been fired
7. to get 2. to have been accused
8. to find out 3. to have made
4. to be lying
Exercise 6 5. to have been performing
1. to being surrounded 6. to have had
2. to helping 7. to have been introduced
3. to following 8. to have found
4. to being exposed 9. to have left
5. to having 10. to have caught
6. to doing 11. to have been elected
7. to working 12. to have been introduced
8. to providing 13. to have been living
9. being forced 14. to have cancelled
10. joining

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15. to have been performed Exercise 17
16. having fired 1. to activate / preventing
17. being ignored 2. to attend
18. not having done 3. talking
19. having been involved 4. to have
20. to have been discovered 5. having had (= having)
21. not to have informed 6. worrying / to be
22. not being supported 7. maintaining (= to maintain)
8. to affect / driving
Exercise 13 9. to have
1. Knowing 10. to walk
2. Driving
3. Assuming Exercise 18
4. watching 1. patrolling
5. Changing 2. to put off
6. Being 3. trying
7. Missing 4. understanding
8. Being 5. to offer / to help
9. Falling 6. Copying (= To copy) / turning (to turn)
10. getting rid of
7. to perform
w w w. d i l k o y a y i n c i l i k . c o m

11. Entering
8. determining
12. Reading
13. Having
Revision 1
14. playing
1. to send
15. Peeling
2. Drinking (= To drink)
3. to pass
Exercise 14
4. not having been invited (= not being
1. Let down
invited)
2. Born
5. being notified
3. Caught
6. Changing (= To change)
4. Informed
5. consumed 7. Ignoring (= To ignore) / to fail
6. Published 8. to call
7. Elected 9. to call
8. Considered 10. working
9. Expected 11. buying
10. criticised 12. getting
11. Looked 13. writing
12. Abandoned 14. being criticized
15. trying
Exercise 15 16. giving
1. Having been insulted
2. Having proposed Revision 2
3. Not having been seen 1. having completed (= completing)
4. Having booked 2. discouraged
5. having been exposed 3. Having completed
6. having been invited 4. Paraphrasing
7. Having heard 5. exposed
6. taking
Exercise 16 7. Forming
1. Having broken 8. Having worked
2. Having completed
3. Having been blinded Revision 3
4. Having painted 1B 2A 3A 4B 5A 6A 7B 8A 9A 10B 11B 12B 13A
5. Having been 14B 15A 16A 17A 18B 19A 20B 21B 22B 23A
6. Having spent 24B

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Revision 4
1. to inform Noun Clauses
2. to be appreciated / appreciating
3. to have been rescued
4. participating
Exercise 1
1. why
5. having been / being
2. how much
6. robbing
3. That
7. propounding
4. how
8. eating
5. What
9. to go
6. that
10. To be / Being
7. How
11. to come
8. Whether
9. who
Gerund / Infinitive / Participle - Test 1 10. That
1B 2B 3D 4B 5B 6C 7B 8D 9B 10A 11E 12A 11. whether (= if)
13A 14A 15D 16C 17B 18E 19B 20A 12. what
13. that
Gerund / Infinitive / Participle - Test 2 14. where
1B 2C 3D 4A 5B 6C 7A 8B 9B 10E 11D 12C 15. Why
13E 14E 15C 16E 17B 18B 19D 20A
w w w. d i l k o y a y i n c i l i k . c o m

16. Whose / what / how

17. Whether
Gerund / Infinitive / Participle - Test 3 18. how long
1B 2A 3B 4D 5E 6C 7E 8B 9A 10C 11D 12A 19. that
13B 14C 15B 16E 17B 18A 19B 20C 21C 22A 20. that
23D 24E 25C 21. what
22. how much
23. who
24. how
25. how
26. what
27. what
28. where / whom
29. how
30. what
31. whether
32. whether
33. if
34. if
35. if
36. whether
37. That
38. that
39. that
40. that
41. that
42. that
43. How many
44. when / where
45. what
46. whether
47. whether
48. whether
49. whether
50. that
51. that

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Exercise 2 Exercise 6
1C 2B 3B 4A 5B 6C 7A 8B 9B 10C 1A 2C 3E 4B 5B 6D 7A 8C 9C 10E

Exercise 3 Exercise 7
1. whoever 1. that
2. whenever 2. that
3. Whatever 3. that
4. whichever 4. which (= that)
5. However 5. that
6. whatever 6. which (= that)
7. Whoever 7. that
8. wherever
9. whatever Exercise 8
10. whenever 1B 2A/B 3B 4A 5A/B
11. whether
12. whichever Revision 1
13. However 1. what
14. Whatever 2. who
15. whenever 3. what
16. whichever 4. who (= whom)
w w w. d i l k o y a y i n c i l i k . c o m

17. whatever 5. what

18. whenever 6. what
19. whatever 7. how
8. how much / how
Exercise 4
1E 2D 3A 4B 5B 6C 7A 8E 9B 10D Revision 2
1. that
Exercise 5 2. the fact that
1. (should) take 3. Whichever
2. (should) decrease 4. why
3. (should) not be taken 5. how much
4. (should) undergo 6. whether (= if)
5. (should) be encouraged
6. (should) be worn Revision 3
7. (should) be 1. the fact that
8. (should) be 2. Whether / what
9. (should) be submitted 3. Whether
10. (should) come 4. that
11. (should) get 5. What
12. (should) hand in 6. whether (= if)
13. (should) give up
14. (should) respect Revision 4
15. (should) work 1. what
16. (should) be 2. whether
17. (should) listen 3. whether (= if)
18. (should) be submitted 4. that
19. (should) be given 5. The fact that (= That)
20. (should) provide 6. what
21. (should) send 7. How
22. (should) be 8. what
23. (should) study
24. (should) be brought Revision 5
25. (should) work 1B 2B 3A 4B 5A 6A 7A 8B 9A 10B 11B 12A 13B
14B 15A 16A 17B 18A 19B 20B

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Revision 6
1. that IF And Wish Clauses
2. if / whether
3. whose
4. how
Exercise 1
1. want / should have (= ought to / must /
5. when / where
need to have)
6. whom
2. die / will receive
7. how often
3. may injure (= might / could / can injure) /
8. how much
go on
9. why
4. might die (= may / could / can die) / are
10. whose
suffering
11. that
5. continues / will cancel
12. how many
6. will have to eliminate / want
13. what / whatever
7. consume / starts
14. where
8. is / should think (= ought to / must / need
15. whatever
to think)
9. can borrow / promise
Noun Clauses - Test 1
10. start / will have finished
1A 2B 3A 4B 5D 6D 7E 8C 9B 10A 11E 12D
11. are / does not complain
13D 14C 15D 16B 17C 18A 19E 20E
w w w. d i l k o y a y i n c i l i k . c o m

12. are suffering / should consult

13. should need / feel
Noun Clauses - Test 2
1E 2D 3D 4D 5A 6D 7C 8A 9C 10E 11A 12D
13E 14B 15A 16B 17E 18B 19D 20D
Exercise 2
1. had / would give up
2. didn’t exist / would invent
Noun Clauses - Test 3
3. lived / would speak (= could speak)
1E 2B 3B 4A 5E 6D 7C 8D 9A 10E 11D 12B
4. did / would play (= could play)
13C 14A 15B 16B 17C 18C 19D 20A 21B 22E
5. were asked - would / choose
23D 24A 25D
6. would have / were
7. were offered / would be
8. were
9. had / would never come
10. were given / would not change
11. wouldn’t be / were
12. could choose / would - choose
13. would run / had

Exercise 3
1. wouldn’t have gone / had conducted
2. had succeeded / would have been
3. hadn’t lost / would have won (= could /
might have won)
4. had made up / could have handed in
5. had come / would have met
6. hadn’t reacted / would have been
7. had gone / wouldn’t have gotten
8. had written / wouldn’t have forgotten
9. had listened / wouldn’t have married
10. hadn’t helped / wouldn’t have finished (=
couldn’t / might not have finished)
11. meet / will be allowed
12. weren’t / wouldn’t ask
13. can pass / will be called in
14. graduate / will look for

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15. had been informed / wouldn’t have made 15. visited
16. had / would try 16. had
17. had known / wouldn’t have undergone 17. revealed
18. had won / would have invested 18. had worn
19. were given / would you like 19. had travelled
20. want / have to 20. lived
21. hadn’t been raining / could have gone 21. hadn’t attended
22. spoke / could plan 22. would stop
23. had applied / might have got 23. had been
24. had checked / wouldn’t have got 24. could spend
25. would have stayed / had known
26. had realised / would have done Exercise 8
1E 2C 3B 4A 5D 6B 7C 8A 9B 10D
Exercise 4
1D 2A 3C 4D 5B 6B 7E 8A 9B 10C Exercise 9
1. Were
Exercise 5 2. Had / been
1. had told / would be 3. Had / warned
2. had warned / wouldn’t feel 4. Should / make
3. spoke / would have translated 5. Should / help
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4. hadn’t quit / wouldn’t have to apply for 6. Had / not prepared

5. hadn’t forgotten / wouldn’t have been 7. Had / not helped
6. had told / wouldn’t have missed 8. Should / be
7. would feel / played (= could play) 9. Were
8. will have / gets 10. Had / been
9. knew / could do 11. Should / be
10. had eaten / wouldn’t be 12. Had / been informed
11. hadn’t combined / wouldn’t be
12. hadn’t won / wouldn’t be Exercise 10
13. hadn’t met / would turn out 1. wouldn’t have bought
14. hadn’t missed / wouldn’t be studying 2. consult
15. wouldn’t have been / hadn’t worked 3. wouldn’t have coped
16. had been / would not be divorcing 4. won’t improve
17. would have had to 5. are
18. could not have been written 6. hadn’t been / could have done
19. were / wouldn’t have been warned 7. can give (= may / might / could give)
20. would be / hadn’t worked 8. ask / don’t have to give (= don’t need to /
shouldn’t give)
Exercise 6 9. would have been
1D 2C 3C 4D 10. would have laughed

Exercise 7 Exercise 11
1. hadn’t read 1C 2A 3B 4C 5E 6D 7A 8A 9B 10D
2. spoke
3. stopped Revision 1
4. had 1. will continue (= can continue) / is solved
5. had sold 2. had listened / wouldn’t have made
6. could take 3. hadn’t tried
7. hadn’t lied 4. hear (= should hear)
8. didn’t live 5. would reach
9. had told 6. want / should search (= ought to / had
10. were better / must / will have to search)
11. were 7. fulfils
12. had called 8. would have understood
13. hadn’t yelled 9. have tried / may be (= might / could / can
14. didn’t smoke be)

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Revision 2 13. had taken

1. would be 14. if / only if
2. will have doubled 15. weren’t treating
3. received
4. wouldn’t have wasted If & Wish Clauses - Test 1
5. were / might have avoided (= would / could 1D 2A 3B 4E 5A 6A 7B 8E 9D 10D 11B 12D
have avoided) 13E 14A 15B 16D 17B 18E 19D 20B
6. goes / will have been working
7. hadn’t broken / would have taken If & Wish Clauses - Test 2
8. were / wouldn’t keep 1E 2B 3A 4C 5E 6C 7E 8A 9C 10A 11C 12D
9. stopped 13A 14D 15C 16E 17A 18D 19B 20A
10. didn’t filter / would drive
If & Wish Clauses - Test 3
Revision 3 1C 2E 3D 4B 5A 6A 7B 8D 9C 10B 11D 12C
1. had known / would have driven 13E 14A 15D 16B 17E 18A 19A 20B 21B 22E
2. were 23D 24D 25D
3. don’t cook / won’t taste
4. had played / would have lost (= could /
might have lost)
5. were / would be
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6. could run
7. would never have come
8. were removed / would continue
9. is hired / will be working

Revision 4
1. hadn’t told
2. read / wouldn’t have kept
3. wouldn’t have been fired
4. will have / doesn’t rain
5. wouldn’t have laughed / had known
6. felt / wouldn’t be
7. wouldn’t feel
8. were
9. doesn’t understand / should try
10. hadn’t been discovered / would be
suffering

Revision 5
1B 2B 3A 4B 5B 6A 7B 8A 9A 10B 11A 12A 13B
14A 15B 16B 17A 18B 19B 20A

Revision 6
1. as long as / provided / only if
2. wouldn’t be studying
3. could have taken
4. weren’t
5. refused
6. knew
7. would gain
8. would do
9. had bought
10. would have taken
11. on condition that
12. wouldn’t have applied

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31. happier
Adjectives And Adverbs 32. more dangerous
33. loudly

Exercise 1 Exercise 4
1B 2A 3C 4E 5C 6D 7B 8D 9A 10D
1. careful
2. fearful Exercise 5
3. incredibly 1. as / as
4. natural 2. enough
5. widely 3. as (= so) / as
6. useless 4. too
7. frantically 5. as / as
8. lately 6. enough
9. hard 7. too
10. last 8. as (= so) / as
9. such / as
Exercise 2 10. enough
1. exciting 11. such / as
2. shocked 12. as / as
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3. worried 13. such / as

4. annoying 14. as / as
5. disappointed

Exercise 3 Exercise 6
1. the finest 1. as hard as
2. less important 2. so / as clear as
3. the oldest 3. as crowded and expensive as
4. less 4. so / as affordable as
5. the oldest 5. such a clever
6. better 6. demanding
7. more cheerful 7. energetic enough
8. more slowly 8. surprising
9. the fastest 9. annoying
10. most popular 10. mature enough
11. less 11. too late
12. lower 12. such a brilliant
13. more interested 13. too complicated
14. worse 14. petrified / frightening
15. more important 15. brave enough
16. more dangerous / more vulnerable 16. puzzled
17. the most enthusiastic 17. too short
18. more extensively 18. annoying
19. more successful 19. old enough
20. less 20. as easy as
21. the safest / the most economical 21. surprised
22. higher
23. the hardest Exercise 7
24. less harmful 1E 2D 3B 4B 5C 6A 7C 8E 9D 10A
25. fast
26. less Exercise 8
27. harder 1. The sooner / the stronger
28. the most famous 2. The more / the more
29. more precious 3. The smaller / the less
30. better 4. The more / the less

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5. The more / the more 1A 2A 3B 4A 5B 6B 7A 8B 9A 10A 11A 12B 13A

6. The more / the less 14B 15B 16A 17B 18A 19B 20B
7. The more / the less
8. The more / the more Revision 6
9. The more / the more 1. so / that
10. The more / the more 2. far more / than - as / as
11. The less / the higher 3. more serious / much more serious
12. The more / the happier 4. less frequently
5. most diverse
Revision 1 6. better / far better
1. as / as 7. such / that
2. as / as (= so / as) 8. the more
3. largest 9. A lot more / Many more
4. longer 10. the smaller
5. lately 11. less impressive
6. more easily 12. early enough
7. the most breath-taking 13. such / as
8. The more efficient / the more desirable 14. foolish enough
15. nearest
Revision 2
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1. less Adjectives & Adverbs - Test 1

2. The more / the more 1B 2E 3D 4A 5E 6E 7E 8D 9E 10E 11D 12D
3. the oldest 13D 14E 15E 16E 17D 18C 19C 20E
4. as / as
5. worse Adjectives & Adverbs - Test 2
6. the same as 1B 2E 3E 4A 5D 6E 7B 8B 9A 10B 11E 12C
7. the most efficient 13C 14D 15B 16A 17A 18B 19D 20A
8. too
9. shorter Adjectives & Adverbs - Test 3
1C 2C 3D 4B 5E 6D 7A 8B 9C 10E 11C 12A
Revision 3 13D 14B 15E 16E 17C 18A 19B 20D 21D 22E
23A 24C 25B
1. so / that
2. such / that
3. more
4. as / as
5. less / faster
6. the most common
7. as / as
8. correctly
9. more
10. the heaviest

Revision 4
1. largest
2. as / as
3. more enjoyable
4. so / that
5. as / as
6. highest - as / as
7. longer
8. greater
9. efficiently

Revision 5

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 ANswer key
18. all
Determiners 19. plenty of
20. the number of
21. every
Exercise 1 22. a few
1. The / the / the 23. any
2. The / Ø / a 24. a number of
3. The / a 25. Many
4. the 26. whole
5. a / Ø 27. each of
6. Ø / the / Ø 28. all
7. The 29. a great deal of
8. Ø 30. both
9. The 31. Some
10. a 32. Any
11. The 33. some of
12. A 34. One of
13. an 35. Many of
14. the 36. none of
15. The / the 37. neither of
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16. the 38. most of

17. an 39. Much
40. either of
Exercise 2 41. One of
1A 2D 3A 4A 5B 6E 7C
Revision 1
Exercise 3 1. most
1. a number of (= some) 2. The number of
2. the number of 3. Several of
3. the whole 4. none
4. a little 5. either
5. no 6. a lot of / little
6. A lot 7. a few
7. Neither 8. neither
8. A number of (= Some) / each
9. none Revision 2
1. Some of
Exercise 4 2. few
1. many 3. every / each
2. Some 4. most
3. Some 5. no
4. any 6. much
5. much 7. Neither
6. A lot of 8. none
7. plenty of 9. The whole
8. a little
9. Several
Revision 3
1. much of
10. all
2. several
11. No
3. plenty of
12. every
4. every (= each)
13. whole
5. the / an
14. each
6. none
15. either
7. a great deal
16. Both
8. little
17. Most
9. whole

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Revision 4
1. Most of Prepositions
2. none of
3. Some of
4. None of
Exercise 1
1. to
5. Either of
2. from
6. none of
3. on
7. Each of (= One of)
4. with
8. Most of
5. Since
9. Both of
6. in / against
10. many of
7. between
11. None of
8. By
12. some of
13. both of
14. much of
Exercise 2
1C 2B 3E 4E 5D 6D 7A 8C 9C 10B
Revision 5
1B 2B 3A 4B 5A 6A 7B 8A 9B 10B 11B 12A 13B
Exercise 3
1. in
14A 15A 16B 17A 18A 19B 20A
2. of
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3. about
Revision 6
4. in / of
1. few / only a few
5. of
2. the number of
6. on
3. each
7. in / on (= about)
4. all / most
8. in
5. several / much
9. at
6. the / all
10. of
7. many / a number of / several / a few
8. few
9. few
Exercise 4
1D 2B 3A 4C 5C 6E 7A 8D 9B 10B
10. several
11. all
12. Some
Exercise 5
1. in / of
13. Neither
2. with / on
14. few
3. of / from
4. under / against
Determiners - Test 1
5. in
1A 2A 3B 4D 5B 6C 7A 8B 9D 10A 11B 12A
6. beyond
13A 14A 15D 16A 17C 18E 19C 20D
7. on
8. over
Determiners - Test 2
9. of / with
1C 2B 3A 4D 5A 6A 7B 8D 9A 10E 11D 12A
10. for
13B 14D 15D 16B 17C 18B 19D 20C

Determiners - Test 3 Exercise 6

1. for / without
1A 2D 3D 4A 5E 6C 7B 8B 9C 10B 11E 12A
2. about / from
13D 14D 15B 16C 17B 18E 19A 20E 21C 22B
3. at
23D 24A 25B
4. with / into
5. throughout / against
6. on
7. to / for
8. on / in
9. on
10. in / for

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Exercise 7 12. out of
1. in / in 13. by
2. to / in 14. through
3. on / for 15. between
4. On / in 16. along
5. below
6. in Revision 4
7. against / of 1. between
8. with 2. in
9. on / at 3. in
10. for / to 4. in
5. on
Revision 1 6. on
1. At 7. under
2. in / out of 8. out of
3. on 9. of / in
4. of 10. of
5. to / in 11. to
6. between / in 12. for / about
7. in 13. on
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8. over 14. from

9. with 15. to
10. at 16. by
17. against / with
Revision 2 18. from
1. within 19. of
2. by
3. throughout Revision 5
4. towards 1. throughout
5. between 2. between
6. before 3. before
7. since 4. since
8. at 5. at
9. for 6. for
10. after 7. on
11. at 8. during
12. on 9. from
13. by 10. during / throughout
14. during 11. in
15. before 12. since
16. On 13. in
17. Until 14. for

Revision 3 Revision 6
1. in 1. on
2. from 2. along
3. in 3. from
4. on 4. next to
5. at 5. by
6. at 6. in
7. for 7. at
8. above 8. around
9. on 9. on
10. from
11. into

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Revision 7
1. on nouns & Extra Subjects
2. into
3. with
4. in
5. to
Exercise 1
1. computers
6. under
2. addresses
7. On
3. boys
8. against / to
4. kisses
9. at
5. countries
10. on
6. heroes
11. about
7. zeros / zeroes
12. from
8. hands
13. between
9. beds
14. with
10. pencils
Revision 8
1A 2B 3B 4A 5A 6B 7A 8B 9B 10B 11A 12B 13A
Exercise 2
1. photo
14A 15B 16A 17B 18A 19A 20B
2. donkey
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3. baby
Revision 9
4. church
1. to
5. girl
2. about / in
6. office
3. into
7. newspaper
4. with / by
8. stranger
5. of
9. guitar
6. with / during
10. car
7. in / for
8. on / upon
9. about
Exercise 3
1. wolves
10. during
2. thieves
11. beneath
3. mice
12. among
4. theses
13. on / upon
5. criteria
14. about
6. fish
15. for
7. women
8. videos
Prepositions - Test 1
9. roofs
1E 2B 3B 4E 5C 6B 7B 8D 9A 10E 11B 12E
10. scarves
13A 14E 15A 16B 17E 18B 19B 20A

Prepositions - Test 2 Exercise 4

1. sheep
1B 2B 3A 4A 5E 6D 7D 8B 9A 10D 11A 12B
2. analysis
13B 14A 15B 16E 17C 18B 19C 20D
3. datum
4. child
Prepositions - Test 3
5. wife
1A 2D 3B 4D 5B 6A 7C 8D 9E 10A 11D 12C
6. half
13C 14A 15D 16C 17B 18D 19B 20C 21D 22C
7. foot
23B 24A 25B
8. fish
9. kilo
10. mouse

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Exercise 5 7. will they
1. correct 8. won’t she
2. a cup of coffees -> a cup of coffee 9. will we
3. evidences -> evidence, innocent person -> 10. won’t you
an innocent person
4. correct Exercise 10
5. have a faith -> have faith 1C 2E 3B 4A 5D 6C 7D 8A 9E 10B
6. correct
7. knowledges -> knowledge
8. logics -> logic Nouns - Test 1
9. correct 1B 2B 3C 4C 5A 6B 7A 8C 9A 10B 11C 12A 13A 14A
10. violences -> violence 15C 16B 17C 18A 19C 20B 21B 22C 23B 24C 25B

Exercise 6 Nouns - Test 2

1. productions 1C 2A 3C 4C 5A 6C 7A 8C 9C 10B 11D 12A 13B 14B
2. Iron 15B 16A 17A 18C 19B 20C 21C 22D 23A 24A 25C
3. work
4. the noise Nouns - Test 3
5. papers 1A 2A 3D 4A 5A 6C 7B 8B 9C 10D 11C 12D 13C 14A
6. love 15D 16D 17C 18D 19E 20A 21D 22E 23C 24A 25A
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7. youths
8. country

Exercise 7
1. mothers -> mother’s
2. correct
3. teachers -> teacher’s
4. of me -> of mine
5. decision of our president -> our president’s
decision
6. correct
7. cousin of him -> cousin of his
8. correct
9. correct
10. correct

Exercise 8
1. Should
2. Hardly (= Scarcely)
3. Only if
4. Not only
5. Had
6. So
7. No sooner
8. Were
9. nor
10. Only if

Exercise 9
1. can’t they
2. is she
3. aren’t they
4. did you
5. were they
6. will you

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